INTRODUCTION ‘Te lina (lsh NOD Inns were sera confederacy ever Native American ber of the Catal rains and ‘Weolnds eon who spoke an Algol inguage of A gengelan-Walashan stock nis ibe inde the Pens, sass, Cabo, Michigames, and Tamara, along with ¢ fe smaller tbs The ne ino ea combination othe Aloaquln word “lineaning “the men"—with the ech ening 08" In the 15005, tee were 3 many 310500 tas loge mainly in the present state a lino, tals in southern Wisoos, porons of lowa and Misou, and rer Arkansas. Wate withthe quo and the sr rounding ties yey resuced their numbers ove tine. ‘Gra Lakes ute aos exeminated the iin tale ton othe alleged asasnuon of Orawa che Poni by sn liza indian, By 1840 the ines population ha ben ‘edoced Yo 200. The remnants ofthe lis confederacy NAME ‘Mes ih 0). The mame cambio 9h A ‘quan “ta’—aaning “the peopl’ the Src ening” Teta wr stall try srr en cag te Part ashen ‘ea Whigamen Tomar and ther alle Location ‘scoters Win prt flown a se, Poputation, yn oe a and Mla mere or he pe enbday moa be numbing tao 00S LANGUAGE FAMILY. ‘combined with the Mums din nd ar ow know the Peoria, wo ruber 127425 of te 1990 US cee. HisToRY Distnt cures emerged in te Hino tery between 400 and 90 ce, seeorcing to Melia. Fowler and Robert LL allinLate reistory ofthe iol Ae. By he yest 700 the bow and ati had become an important ‘weapon among these people The also developed maze om agate dung hs period Te most ued pei ‘ove stein tis areas Canal, lose othe cent ty of st St Lous lino, 3 vale ofthe Missi River ‘ale mencanBotot Fo sevel wets, no ote people win he aot the pee United tars ata a commit go = compler the toundbsting culture at Cahokia. Covering mos se sqare mes, Cahokia inched over 10D maa ‘made mounds in a vary of stapes and ses, Fwler and Hal pote that "teres erence tat he site ws planned there apparently nang beens nort-south aio enter line” Between 900 and 10SD ce, Cahokia became the P ‘mary entero he rea now known lino, wth 3 pope lation sigh pers 10,000 by 1150. The poplon Cao iminsted,howere lowing ee non moun builng ees ofthe nals confederacy to gun pom ene bythe 150s The Ilnos confederacy was group of independent tubes sharing» commen language and culture. The Poi. asia, Caboia, Mchigame, and Tamaos tes com ised the majonty of te confedertion, Othe bes nc. fa the Moingrena, Espemiaia, ‘Chepousa Maron, Chink, Coracentnon nd Tapust. The iis had no ver oanuzaton ike toe roquls tbe, however, From 1800 167 C4, there tle Knowledge of the noises ther than wher they ied. A Jon 8 Sean ton woe i The ian Tries of Nort Ameri, the ini tobes ese ama along the ilinols and Misslp "Rives. The Pons ist occupied orthesters fw, bt ne they moved to what inom Per, ino Mer 170 the lass moved lam the Use rei in preset nos othe bans ofthe Kaas River. The Caoka made thee home round the present i of Cahokia The Cate Enestpedia of NATIVE AMERIEABLtaIRES 991667 1769 relating forthe reported anion af Ota rie grip way ing up Mae 1932 “ae Mine arc te ety relagng armas pind the atone Pet Michie, rg ble to ese ino eed (on ig Lake between the unc and Missi ven ‘rasa. Late, presue fom enemy tribes caused them 1 ‘he Msp River near the mouth ofthe inal and Mi sour ve, Estimates vary aout the tal numberof ino ndans athe ime ofthe eae contac with Europeans, bt ey "pil ange rom 8,00 10,50 forthe peso a 1650, 10 160. AS noted by Swanton, the mde historic pod began in 1657 when Clade ean love a Hench Jesuit ‘misinary, me an ilinos band who vised he outpost st {a foine to tae nos Indans became frequent iors tothe wading post t LaPointe andthe neat mission of Sain ip ven moreno eguented the Fen a Ing pot tthe Mami Macouten vag stant onthe ox ver tat wos esate in 1670 The ruent interaction edo eis coming nds nd alle ofthe French. 1 1673, when Father fcques Margate a Las Jo eevee down the Missi ve, they came up he ota and Motngwena around the mouth ofthe Des Molns River On ther tu tp, they fond the tes leat on the laos ives ne the presen ty of Peri Wiliam tak wrote in Gat Lalo Pctril Gi tat ther Jacques Narguete continued norh and visited a alas village on the pper laos River Kubik ao noted tht "The Kastan 1673 were ving in lve at ‘ony wh the Pers" When traders established themselves on the tinas "ve, nuerus Tinos moved 1 the Kasasia wae fo ATIVE AMERICAN IDES tak par in sain. Baur reported that when Marguete sent The Jesus then founded sion ofthe Immacl {Conception ofthe Bessed Virgin to sere the Kastsa vik lage coding to Basa, 168, RenésRobet Celie de 1 Salle “ound all or par’ of 11 ins wes ving a he ‘Grand Kass Vllag then grown to 40 lodges” esrb he lin peopl, john Upton Tel wate 1 American idan Amana, They wete ood bowen, bt oor ghtes naif cornate and contol the a far foes rete in rumerous defeats on the baled” He abo dled that many lines ha vacate othe nots Rive pinay beens of tacks rom northern tes Such fhe Fox Teel quote one of the eal mission, her Meme, descaling the ins in 1680 as,“ of stature strong and robust, and god archers.” Mere abo noted, “The ies a fer of the ety ha ves them els everwhere The ce "ore my” heeing te Mn wt thc ea wl lng pn he ed Consett fo) jm sa nc Soy of teins rete Mio an the feed in tots or dae el it rd Fg stack toc 1 In soemr0+ag oun wu uy spre te an aa age Ayo ee is we ee ot Sette eee tp ie a fined ihe apn, ar and pein esd Baines bee paring te thr Mos The tat Ste tog na te ape wee ee Senn ‘na Sales account of bt 1680-1681 tip down the Iinos Rives elated by Teell—the French explo approached an lind vilge tat had been eee He Including the npeningcorfels. When the French party ‘vent ashore to investigate, they foun human sls ob the charted ples of ledges s La Sale coatnued his tp, he rele tat the Ilinos red to escape down the rvt ‘ut had been caght and lle. Camps were covered ih deat; some Winois wece hacked to. death. atthe final Campsie along te Iino Rive, the French explorers d+ ‘over number of women ane ellen ho had bees tomar ‘When, i 168, the French bat Fort aint Louisa starve Rok tein moved ck along he ins Bes (ther nda ees, nelading the Mal and Shawnee, als setded bythe fort or thes mutual protection against he io ‘gn, The total amber of Indians ving i he area was 18.00. when the roquis tacked in 168, he combined forces tthe fort dove them ack According Cal Wal stan say on the lint in Eeclpei of Nat mera Tas, "he treo the toga to ake thelial Fors. Loui onthe nals Rver aed the end ofthe raquo’ Teague’ wesad expansion." eousy and diss ronglet se Caner erin he mi 80 ag (Spel eh ie sn rere be (RI contd pn Heche aoe o seer nan ‘Sipps andar rpc by US fa wel ar epee sob chractr a sbi eur 6 sy onthe inns mpi Per ea movement ‘needing te sven acelrton-ars mein {eaves Ti hee se he sa Tedd ina hese peoples rte prove she ibesat For St Louis as the Mlaml and ther assoc ‘Nad tbeso depart a 1688 and he Stance to move ay tees ee A major new vile el Pinto! was bal in 1691 are dan the i Rive, and he lr was rebut ea by St nos ties ved there the Peon, Kaskaskia, Cai ‘entnon, Moingwers, Mes, and Tapoure. Relator be treen the Pea and Hashasia became stained 35 te | saa bcm more Crit, 170, the Kassin and | Coiacoentanon le Pmittow and settled oa the Des Pees | tower acos fom the Tanarea. The Tamaoa Joined the a the et year 1703, hey ened to the moth ote Kasksa River. The ger Peoria tbe eventual ab ‘ool the Moingwens While the Kasasiaabsotbed the (oracentanon ‘The Chepowss and Michigamec, who lived father sot, moved 3p the Missi ives o aid haste nl es, Around 1693 they sablshed themselves near the ‘mouth of the Kaskaskia River. They joined the Haskasia ‘when tht re elosted to the ver The Micigamen oon | ered the Chou. ‘in Emma Helen ts talon of Te ia Tas of ‘he pe Missi aly nd Rein fhe eat Lakes, Se ote, around 1693-165, the ios tbes vein aes baby 1712 they oecupied ony thee ies get ‘stance fom each ater. According to Chuls Callender, wii n Handoak Nuch mera ins one hee) Sans or his dene as constant warmth the tes FW ‘onsin who wanted to expand to the south afer koguois | ding topped. The Por the nochermos nas be, | took the Brun of she anak. Eventually they would be forced outward Shorty ater 1710, French sets began to estab he own a comments nino eto andthe ladonsip withthe lnclans changed. Disputes ove snd ‘aes aoe In 1719, the French commandant atthe sks setement aie the Indians to move away. The | astakia and Tamasoe reseed several miles up the asks Rie. The Michgamea went boo [5 is ath ‘A Cok, 734, te indians move of tel wn aot, "cating ew mes away ‘The ins sap lya tothe French ven though hey were smetines sete Marly by fetes. When Fench trades moved wes of the Misspp River afer the os of Cina the Bish the lino sl rade with she i> fos Indians opposd the British oceupason of Fore de (Charts an ised them during hee ten-year tay Tis ‘nayoniaen toward he Brith develope ito fighting o8 the ide ofthe clone daring the Americ Revautonay "Wat Dat ther French loyal though, te noises vwere attacked by prouteh tbes,incoding the Fox, Shawne, and Chickasaw. n 1782, the Cahokia lage as estoyed, Those who survived moved nearer 19 the Mehigumea who tad ao ben ataced. Vllence again he lino peed, however, around 1769 when the wel Known Ota cl, Ponta, epoely ‘nas dered by a nos inlan, Blair noted that he as- ‘Seinaton ed oar of extermination” aby the Gest, Lakes ties. The numbers flan raty decreased, and ‘the Sul Fo, Kickapoo, and Potton moved int ake ‘one some Ino, The spposed assasinaton of Pen- thc by an lino indian i dspued, Rowevet. Oder 2 ‘ous support whe, Callender wrote, “temporary ‘ountsmakeno erento ach an even” Callender a9 int out that on source cl ta mth ‘ear the end of the eighteenth century, the tinos tended in mall res nea he Kasaska and Big Muddy ver nd continually felt pessue from the noth and fouth, Around 1790, a mjor bate with the Poawatom Ende in eay cast oth ies a 8022 Kaskaskia noting camp vee a surpese aac by he Shawnee and ‘aw hey low fe, Such constant warng snouts 20 ‘smsted ln popltion of Danang by 800 tn 903 a elated by Maciel H, Weight nA Gale he nin tes of Oto, te alas, gether wt em ‘ants ofthe Michigans, Caos, and Tare, ceded her Tand inthe Ini terior ote United Sates. They kept ‘wo sal pela hunting privileges. bet hey (ive protectin gains othe ts: 3 1832, he Pools Joined eth te above tes and sane a tty ving up all Tan els ihe lina ero The commane bes mee ena tact of nd in mom ay Kansas ext 0 the Wen Gale Encspesi of NATIVE AMESICABLERIBES 7)