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Divine Right Theory – holds that the state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained
by God to govern the people
- Necessity or force theory – maintains that states must have been created
through force
- Paternalistic theory – attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the
family
- Social Contract theory – asserts that the early states must have been formed by
deliberate and voluntary compact among people to form a government of their
own
Doctrine of operative fact
- An exception to the general rule (that a void law or administrative act cannot be
the source of legal rights or duties), such that a judicial declaration of invalidity
may not necessarily obliterate all the effects and consequences of a void act
prior to such declaration.
Sea lane passage
- Archipelagic sea lane passage refers to the exercise in accordance with the 1982
UNCLOS of the rights of navigation and overflight in the normal mode solely for
the purpose of continuous, expeditious and unobstructed transit between one
part of the high sea or an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and another part of the
high sea or an EEZ.