BAHASA INGGRIS

ASTHMA

OLEH:

NI PUTU DINA OKTALIA DEWI

16.321.2513

PROGRAM STUDI S1 ILMU KEPERAWATAN

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN WIRA MEDIKA BALI

DENPASAR

2018
 Dear Mr. / Mrs. lecturers and friends I’m proud of
Thank you for the time given to me. On this occasion I will provide a little
information about asthma. Before I began, it would be good for us to offer worship and praise
the presence of the Almighty God, because thanks to his mercy we can all gather here in a
healthy state and not lack anything.
We as health people must be able to understand all kinds of diseases and organs that
can be affected, including their complications. One of the diseases that I will discuss about
asthma.
Asthma is a chronic disease that is often found in children and since the last two
decades its prevalence has increased, both in children and adults. Asthma has a negative
impact on the lives of patients and their families, which affects the quality of life of children
and their families and requires a large cost of health services. The definition of asthma that
describes the concept of inflammation as the basis of the mechanism for the occurrence of
asthma is issued by the Global Initiative for Asthma, which is a chronic inflammatory airway
disorder with many cells playing a role, specifically mast cells, eosinophils and lymphocytes.
In susceptible people, this inflammation causes recurrent wheezing episodes, shortness of
breath, depressed chest feeling, and coughing, especially at night or early morning. These
symptoms are usually associated with a broad but varied narrowing of the airways, and some
are reversible both spontaneously and with treatment. This inflammation is also associated
with airway hyperreactivity due to various stimuli. Various factors influence the high and low
prevalence of asthma in a place, including age, gender, race, socio-economic, and
environmental factors. These factors influence the prevalence of asthma, the occurrence of
asthma attacks, the severity of the attacks, and deaths from asthma.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Asthma attacks vary from mild to severe and life threatening. Various factors can
trigger triggers of asthma attacks including physical activity, allergens, infections, sudden
changes in air temperature or exposure to respiratory tract irritants such as cigarette smoke,
and so forth.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Next I will convey the concept of the pathogenesis of asthma.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory process that typically involves the airway wall, causing
limited air flow and increased airway reactivity. This hyperreactivity predisposes to the
narrowing of the airways in response to a variety of stimuli. In line with the chronic
inflammatory process, injury to the bronchial epithelium stimulates the airway repair process
which results in deviant structural and functional changes in the airways known as
remodeling. Functional changes associated with typical symptoms in asthma: coughing,
tightness, and wheezing and accompanied by airway hyperreactivity to various stimuli.
Coughing is very likely caused by sensory nerve stimulation in the airways by inflammatory
mediators and especially in children, repeated coughing may be the only symptom of asthma
found. Narrowing of the airways in asthma is influenced by many factors. The main cause of
airway constriction is contraction of bronchial smooth muscle which is provoked by the
release of agonists from inflammatory cells. In addition, airway obstruction, also increases
due to the production of large secretions, thick, and sticky by goblet cells and submucosal
glands, plasma proteins that pass through microvascular bronchi and cellular debris.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
The purpose of managing childhood asthma in general is to ensure the achievement of
the potential for child development optimally. In more detail the objectives to be achieved are
as follows.
1.Patients can undergo normal activities, including playing and exercising
2. As few school absentee numbers as possible
3.Symptoms do not arise day or night.
4. Test for lung function as normal as possible
6.Drug side effects can be prevented so that no or as little as possible arises, especially
those that affect child development.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I will convey prevention and early action for asthma. Both of these must be the
doctor's main goal in dealing with asthma children. Environmental control, at least 4 months
of exclusive breastfeeding, avoidance of potentially allergenic foods, reduced exposure to
house dust mites and animal hair loss, have been shown to reduce food allergy manifestations
and especially atopic dermatitis in infants.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
In chronic diseases and often relapses such as asthma, patients and their families must
actively participate in the management of asthma. Education for patients is very important to
help sufferers understand about the disease and can manage it well. Education can be given
individually or in small groups and carried out in stages.
Thus the information that I can convey regarding asthma, hopefully can be useful. I
apologize profusely if there is a wrong word whether intentional or not.
In the end let me say thank you.