Test - Week 4 7th

1. Which of the following traits is most influenced by the environment?

A. Body weight
B. Eye color
C. Blood type
D. Color blindness

2. Which of the following answer choices describes the unknown organelle?

F. Nucleus that houses chromosomes

G. Mitochondrion that houses chromosomes
H. Nucleus that makes energy for the cell
J. Mitochondrion that makes energy

3. Organisms pass traits from one generation to the next. Traits are -

A. located in the chromosome of each cell.

B. found in the vacuoles of each cell.
 C. found in the cytoplasm of each cell.
D. acquired at the time of birth.

4.
 Study the Galapagos Finches above. What can be inferred by studying the size and
shape of these birds' beaks?

F. The beaks allow them to defend their various territories.

G. The beaks allow them to adapt to different food sources.
H. The beaks allow them to attract healthy mates.
J. Nothing can be inferred from their beaks.

5. A Texas rancher wants to raise award winning "Texas Longhorns". He chooses a bull
that has the desired traits of long horns and long legs. The rancher mates the bull
with only cows that have the same traits. What is this practice called?

A. natural selection
B. selective breeding
C. genetic resistance
D. artificial selection

6. Which of the following scenarios of reproduction is most likely to form uniform

offspring?

F. Pollen from one flower pollinates an egg of another flower to produce seeds.
G. A female fish lays unfertilized eggs in a river, and the male arrives later to
fertilize the eggs.
H. Spores are formed from two cells, each from individual fungi organisms.
J. An amoeba splits during binary fission into two separate cells.
7. Eye color is a trait that two parents could pass on to their children even though the
trait might not be expressed in the parents. Such a trait is considered to be -

A. acquired.
B. inherited.
C. neutral.
D. positive.

8.

The European Peppered Moth population exists in two color phases - light and dark
(seen above on the trunk of a tree). The color phases act as camouflage. A light moth
on a light background is harder for predators, like birds, to see. But when a light moth
lands on a dark surface, or a dark moth lands on a light surface they are easily seen,
caught, and eaten. When coal was burned for fuel and heating, soot from the smoke
covered almost everything, including trees. It was noticed that light phase moths
became fewer and fewer until they were rarely seen at all. It was thought the moths
had evolved to be all dark phase. About a hundred years ago coal was replaced by
cleaner burning fossil fuels. Over time the soot washed away, new trees grew, and so
did many generations of peppered moths. More careful observers noted that each
generation contained individuals of each color phase. Today, there is roughly the same
number of peppered moths of each color phase.
Which of the factors below best explains the shifts in peppered moth populations over
time?

F. selective breeding
G. biodiversification
H. natural selection
J. Division adaptation

9. Breeders have developed a variety of chicken that has no feathers. Which of the
following methods were most likely used to produce this variety?
 A. Grafting and Hybridization
B. Regeneration and Incubation
C. Artificial selection and Inbreeding
D. Vegetative propagation and Binary fission

10. Which of the following scenarios of reproduction is most likely to form diverse
offspring?

F. A female cat’s body collects sperm cells from multiple mates and uses the cells all
at once to generate a litter.
G. A bacteria cell replicates exponentially in a nutrient rich environment to generate
a large colony.
H. A scientist cuts a branch off of a tree and applies a root growth hormone to cause
the branch to grow into a mature tree.
J. An individual hydra produces a bud which breaks off of the animal to form a new
adult.

11. Which cell components are responsible for the inherited traits that a pea plant
possesses?

A. Chromosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles

B. DNA, nucleus, chromosomes
C. Genes, cytoplasm, cell membrane
D. DNA, proteins, chloroplasts

12. Where is the genetic material that determines the inherited traits of an organism
located inside of a eukaryotic cell?

F. Cytoplasm
G. Vacuole
H. Nucleus
J. Ribosome

13. Which of the cell components is least likely to affect the visible traits of an organism?
 A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Genes
D. Chromosomes

14. Jellyfish are soft bodied, free swimming, aquatic animals. They reproduce sexually by
releasing egg and sperm into the water. The egg and sperm unite in fertilization and
create a new jellyfish polyp.

Which of the following best describes a jellyfish polyp?

F. The jellyfish polyp will be genetically identical to the parent jellyfish.

G. The jellyfish polyp will be a diverse combination of the parent jellyfish genetic
material.
H. The jellyfish polyp will have twice as much genetic material as the parent
jellyfish.
J. The jellyfish polyp will be genetically identical to its siblings.

15. Which of the following cell components are most involved in determining an
organism’s traits?

A. Chromosomes
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria
D. Chloroplast

16. A student is creating a graphic organizer to explain the result of offspring from sexual
reproduction. What information would be incorrect if it was placed in the student’s
graphic organizer?

F. Requires two cells from different parents

G. Creates genetically uniform offspring
H. Offspring have a better chance for survival
J. Offspring have increased resistance to disease
17. A student created a model of genetic material using a basket full of yarn. Each spool
of yarn has shaded sections on the string of yarn. An illustration of the student model
is shown below.

What structures in genetic material does each part of the model above represent?

A. The basket represents the nucleus, the spool of yarn represents a gene, and the
shaded sections represent chromosomes.
B. The basket represents a chromosome, the spool of yarn represents a nucleus,
and the shaded sections represent genes.
C. The basket represents a gene, the spool of yarn represents a nucleus, and the
shaded sections represent chromosomes.
D. The basket represents the nucleus, the spool of yarn represents a chromosome,
and the shaded sections represent genes.

18. The diagram below shows parts of a cell.

Which organelle stores the information that determines an individual’s blood type?
 F. Organelle 1
G. Organelle 2
H. Organelle 3
J. Organelle 4

19. Helen Keller was an American author most famous for overcoming the challenges
caused by an illness that left her deaf and blind. When Helen Keller was 19 months
old, she was stricken with an infectious disease that is now believed to be scarlet fever
or meningitis. After struggling to live, Keller became blind and deaf because of the
infection. While she was born with brown eyes, the illness caused her to have her eyes
removed and replaced with blue eyes made of glass. At the age of seven with the help
of her teacher, Anne Sullivan, Keller was able to learn how to finger spell words while
touching objects to build her vocabulary. Soon, Helen Keller was able to move from
phrases like short, wavy hair to describe her own features to writing entire stories.
Helen Keller became a renowned advocate for the education of all students and
became a shining example of how many challenges can be overcome with the help of
a teacher.

Based on the information above, what characteristic described is an inherited trait of

Helen Keller?

A. Short hair
B. Deafness
C. Brown eyes
D. Finger spelling

20. Wheat was one of the first plant crops that humans domesticated. In the process of
domestication, the wild form of wheat was eventually changed into a form more suited
to human agricultural practice.

Early farmers most likely used seeds only from wheat plants with —

F. larger grains that could produce more food per plant

G. taller stems that could block sunlight from weeds growing at ground level
H. larger flowers that could be sold for additional income
J. thinner stems that could endure heavy winds