Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach

8th Edition
Yunus A. Çengel, Michael A. Boles
McGraw-Hill, 2015

PURE SUBSTANCE
Adaptado por:
Maria Vilma García Buitrago Miryam Lucia Guerra Mazo

LA TERMODINÁMICA

Lecture slides by
Mehmet Kanoglu

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

 Objectives
• Introduce the concept of a pure substance.
• Discuss the physics of phase-change processes.
• Illustrate the P-v, T-v, and P-T property diagrams and P-v-T
surfaces of pure substances.
• Demonstrate the procedures for determining thermodynamic
properties of pure substances from tables of property data.
• Describe the hypothetical substance “ideal gas” and the
ideal-gas equation of state.
• Apply the ideal-gas equation of state in the solution of typical
problems.
• Introduce the compressibility factor, which accounts for the
deviation of real gases from ideal-gas behavior.
• Present some of the best-known equations of state.
2
PHASE-CHANGE PROCESSES OF
PURE SUBSTANCES
 PURE SUBSTANCE
A substance that has a fixed chemical composition.

Mezcla saturada de líquido - vapor

fg
f
g

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6znAQfooSec&NR=1
4/25
 PURE SUBSTANCE
A substance that has a fixed chemical composition.

fg

f g

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6znAQfooSec&NR=1
4/25
 TEMPERATURA Y PRESIÓN DE SATURACIÓN

Por cada 1000 m de aumento en la altura,

la temperatura de ebullición
desciende un poco más de 3°C.
DIAGRAMA T – ν
El punto crítico es el punto en el que los estados
de líquido saturado y de vapor saturado son
idénticos.

9/25
TABLAS DE TEMPERATURA
TABLA DE PRESIÓN
 CALIDAD: X
mtotal = mlíquido + mvapor = mf + mg

f g

f
EJERCICIOS
• A piston-cylinder device initially contains 1.4-kg saturated liquid water at
200°C. Now heat is transferred to the water until the volume quadruples
and the cylinder contains saturated vapor only. Determine
• (a) the volume of the tank,
• (b) the final temperature and pressure, and
• (c) the internal energy change of the water.
(3.64) A piston–cylinder device initially contains steam at 3.5 MPa, superheated by
5°C. Now, steam loses heat to the surroundings and the piston moves down hitting a
set of stops at which point the cylinder contains saturated liquid water.

The cooling continues until the cylinder contains water at 200°C. Determine
(a) the initial temperature,
(b) the enthalpy change per unit mass of the steam by the time the piston first
hits the stops, and
(c) the final pressure and the quality (if mixture).