Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Concentración
Pureza
Integridad
Funcionalidad
Trazabilidad
www.bancoadn.org
CONCENTRACIÓN
- Espectrofotometría:
Incovenientes:
-basa la cuantificación en la medida de absorbancia 260 nm
de todos los nucleótidos
ADN degradado
ADN monocatenario
oligonucleótidos
ARN
-No discrimina entre ADN y ARN
-No aporta información sobre la integridad
CONCENTRACIÓN DE ADN
- Fluorimetría :
Inconvenientes:
- coste elevado, metodología más compleja (gran precisión)
-No aporta información sobre la pureza del ADN
Picogreen PromediosPicogreen
MEDIDAS DE CONCENTRACION
MEDIDAS DE CONCENTRACION (ng/ul)) (ng/ul))
<> 1 2 3 <>
A 98,29 96,78 97,40 A 97,49
B 168,27 170,30 161,98 B 166,85
C 408,33 418,98 415,83 C 414,38
D 216,74 217,24 216,49 D 216,82
E 96,11 92,24 90,88 E 93,08
Ratios pico/nano
A 0,83
B 0,89
muestra óptima de ADN: R > 0.8 C 0,86
D 0,85
E 0,89
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A4 B3 B6 B9 B10 C2 C3
ng/ µl 58,8 65,8 68 50 45.5 45,5 42
concentración PicoGreen®
A4 B3 B6 B9 B10 C2 C3
ng/ µl 50 50 50 12.5 11 25 31.2
A4 B3 B6 B9 B10 C2 C3
0,85 0,76 0,74 0,25 0,24 0,55 0,74
CONCENTRACIÓN DE ARN
- Fluorimetría :
Cuantificación relativa: necesario realizar una recta patrón con un ADN estándar
(íntegro) de concentración conocida.
Ventajas:
- concentración e integridad mediante el cálculo de los valores de ciclo de umbral o Ct
Hay que tener en cuenta que el tamaño de los fragmentos amplificados es
limitado
- detección de contaminación por ADN
- funcionalidad
Inconvenientes:
- coste elevado, metodología más compleja, interpretación de los resultados
- no aporta información sobre presencia de contaminantes en la muestra
PUREZA
RELACIÓN DE ABSORBANCIAS
ng/µl: 255.1
A260/280: 1.68
A260/230: 1.25
Precipitación
con etanol y sales
ng/µl: 140.0
A260/280: 1.90
A260/230: 2.37
Relación A260/230
sales caotrópicas,
A230 fenol,
hidratos de carbono
ng/µl: 131.6
A260/280: 1.89
A260/230: 2.26
dilución 1/10
ng/µl: 11.1
A260/280: 1.86
A260/230: 1.72
INTEGRIDAD
gDNA
28 S
18 S
Quantitative range:
10-100 ng/ µl 25-500 pg/ µl
1 2
λ-HindIII
23 kb
FUNCIONALIDAD E INTEGRIDAD DEL ADN
LONG PCR MÚLTIPLE
PUNTUACIÓN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
intensidad
λ-Hind III fuerte débil Calidad del ADN
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 H20 kb
kb
- modificaciones químicas
del ADN por formalina
- PCR múltiple (100 ng ADN molde) 4 amplicones de 100, 200, 300, 400 pb
11 10 7 6 2 A 2B
pb 100 ng molde
M
1000
800
600 600 pb
400
primer
5’ 3’ gDNA
intrón exón
5’ 3’ RNA cDNA
amplicón
FUNCIONALIDAD DE ARN
kb M 1 2 3
3.0 M: marcador tamaño molecular
1: gDNA (control de la PCR)
1500 pb
1.0
2: cDNA
3: cDNA con contaminación de
0.5 400 pb ADN genómico
TRAZABILIDAD
Laboratory Integrated Management System
- Etiquetas y lectores de
códigos de barras
- Microtubos 2D-coded
- Automatización (Robots)
www.bancoadn.org
TRAZABILIDAD
PCR sexo
λ-Hind III 1 2 3 4 5
1560 pb
B1
1137 pb
hombre mujer
TRAZABILIDAD
310
281 / 271
234
194
118
TRAZABILIDAD
A = 2
¿qué muestra
es A?
A 1 2
2
Células en cultivo
www.bancoadn.org
bancoadn@usal.es
EPICENTRE Forum 5 (3)
|Multiplex PCR Amplification of STRs from DNA Isolated with the MasterAmp™ Buccal Swab DNA Extraction
Kit|
Haiying Grunenwald, Epicentre Technologies
Introduction
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) consist of short (3-7 bp), repetitive sequence elements that are distributed throughout the
human genome. The highly polymorphic nature of these markers makes them powerful tools for human identification.
STRs are often used by laboratories performing parentage determination, forensic analysis, genetic linkage map
construction, or any other application requiring genetic profiling.1
Typically for genetic analysis, at least two STRs are simultaneously amplified in a single-tube PCR reaction (multiplex
PCR). Success in multiplex PCR depends on both the quality of the genomic DNA used in the analysis and the PCR
amplification conditions. Standard techniques used to obtain genomic DNA for STR analysis often involve blood draws
and lengthy isolations. We have shown that the MasterAmp™ Buccal Swab DNA Extraction Kit can be used to isolate
human genomic DNA from buccal (cheek) cells in less than one hour without blood draws.2 Here, we demonstrate
multiplex PCR amplification of five sets of STRs from four individuals using MasterAmp PCR reagents and human
genomic DNA isolated with the MasterAmp Buccal Swab Kit.
Methods
Isolation of human genomic DNA using the MasterAmp Buccal Swab DNA Extraction Kit
Human genomic DNA was isolated from buccal cells of four different individuals using the MasterAmp Buccal Swab
DNA Extraction Kit. The procedure is outlined in Table 1. The extracted DNA was resolved on a 1% agarose gel and
visualized by ethidium bromide staining.
Table 1. MasterAmp Buccal Swab DNA Extraction Protocol Outline.
1. Thoroughly rinse subject's mouth twice with water.
2. Press the brush firmly against the inside of the cheek and rotate the brush 20 times. Move the brush to the
other cheek and repeat.
3. Place the brush into the tube containing DNA Extraction Solution and rotate.
4. Mix by vortexing and incubate the tube at 60°C for 30 minutes.
5. Mix by vortexing and incubate the tube at 98°C for 10 minutes. Repeat.
6. Pellet debris by centrifugation at 4°C for 5 minutes.
7. Carefully transfer the supernatant (containing the genomic DNA) to a new tube and store at -20°C.
Multiplex PCR amplification of CHLC markers
Cooperative Human Linkage Center (CHLC) markers are a group of STRs consisting of tri- and tetranucleotide
repeats.3,4 The CHLC marker loci are highly polymorphic. Genomic DNA from different individuals are differentiated
by the number of copies of these repeats contained within the amplified regions. PCR products from CHLC loci range
between 100-300 bp. Since our study involved one female and three males, we selected 5 sets of CHLC primers that
amplify regions of both the X chromosome (four sets of primers) and the Y chromosome (one set of primers). These
primers were also selected to minimize the possibility of generating PCR products of similar size.
The isolated human genomic DNA was PCR amplified using the following 5 sets of CHLC primers: DXS7132,
GATA31E08, DYS390, GATA175D03, and DXS6789. Primer sequences, location, and expected PCR product length
for each primer set are listed in Table 2. To determine the optimal multiplex PCR conditions, preliminary reactions
were carried out with genomic DNA from one individual using the MasterAmp PCR Optimization Kit. MasterAmp
PCR PreMix A was the optimal PreMix for this multiplex PCR reaction (data not shown). Each 50 µl multiplex PCR
reaction contained 25 pmoles of each primer, 1X MasterAmp PCR PreMix A (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl,
1.5 mM MgCl2, 200 µM each dNTP), 15 µl of buccal DNA (84-250 ng), and 1.25 units of MasterAmp Taq DNA
Polymerase. The samples were incubated at 94°C prior to the addition of MasterAmp Taq Polymerase. Then the
samples were incubated at 94°C for 2 minutes, followed by 30 cycles of: 1 minute at 94°C, 1 minute at 55°C, and 1
minute at 72°C; followed by 4 minutes at 72°C. Fifteen microliters of each reaction were resolved by electrophoresis on
a 3% agarose gel and visualized by ethidium bromide staining.
Results
Figure 1 shows the human genomic DNA isolated using the MasterAmp Buccal Swab DNA Extraction Kit. The
extracted DNA has a high molecular weight.
Figure 1. Human genomic DNA extracted from buccal cells. Approximately 5% (8.5 µl)
of the extracted human genomic DNA was separated on a 1% agarose gel. DNA was
visualized by ethidium bromide staining. Lane M, DNA ladder; Lanes 1-4, human genomic
DNA from 4 different individuals.
Four of the five sets of CHLC primers: DXS7132, GATA31E08, GATA175D03, and DXS6789, amplify regions of the
X chromosome, whereas DYS390 amplifies a region of the Y chromosome. For the female sample, we expected to see
no amplification from primer set DYS390 (Y chromosome), and therefore no PCR product in the 205-221 bp range.
The other four primer sets were expected to result in either one or two PCR products depending on heterozygosity. For
the male samples, a single PCR product from each of the five primer sets was expected.
Figure 2 shows the multiplex PCR results. The amplification products from the female sample are shown in Lane 2 and
amplification results from the three male samples are shown in Lanes 4, 6, and 8. As expected for the female sample
(Lane 2), there is no amplification product between 205-221 bp from DYS390. There is one PCR product in the 118-
150 bp size range from DXS6789; two PCR products from GATA175D03 due to heterozygosity (in the size range 170-
186 bp); one product at approximately 250 bp from GATA31E08 (226-254 bp); and two PCR products in the size range
283-299 bp from DXS7132, again due to heterozygosity. For the male samples in Lanes 6 and 8, there is clearly a
single PCR product from each of the five primer sets. Lane 4 shows the appearance of a doublet at ~230 bp from
DYS390 and GATA31E08 (DYS390 produces products between 205-221 bp and GATA31E08 produces products
between 226-254 bp), and therefore this sample also shows amplification from each primer set. Multiplex PCR analysis
of these CHLC markers resulted in four distinct patterns for these four individuals (Figure 2). Further statistical analysis
would be needed to determine the significance of these comparisons.
Figure 2. Multiplex PCR amplification of CHLC markers from
buccal DNA. Multiplex PCR of five sets of CHLC markers was
carried out using human genomic DNA extracted from buccal cells as
described in the text. Fifteen microliters of each reaction were
resolved on a 3% agarose gel and visualized by ethidium bromide
staining. Lanes 1, 3, 5, 7, 100 bp DNA ladder; Lane 2, multiplex PCR
from a female sample; Lanes 4, 6, and 8, multiplex PCR from the
three males samples. Multiplex PCR products in Lanes 2, 4, 6, and 8
correspond to the human genomic DNA samples shown in Figure 1 in
Lanes 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
Summary
Human genomic DNA isolated from buccal cells using the MasterAmp Buccal Swab DNA Extraction Kit was an
excellent template for the multiplex PCR amplification of STRs. This DNA extraction system is both fast and non-
invasive. In addition, use of the MasterAmp PCR Optimization Kit made it easy to determine the optimal conditions for
the multiplex PCR analysis.
References
1. Edwards, A. et al. (1991) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49, 746.
2. Watson, J. (1997) Epicentre Forum 4 (1), 6.
3. Sheffield, J.C. et al. (1995) Hum. Mol. Genet. 4, 1837.
4. Gastier, J.M. et al. (1995) Hum. Mol. Genet. 4, 1829.