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The “Secret Speech” by Khrushchev attacking Stalin’s crimes against the party, including
comments about the “cult of personality” which Mao saw as an attack on his own style of
leadership.
The crushing of the Hungarian Uprising in 1956. Maw saw this, and Soviet problems in East
Germany and Poland, as failures by the USSR to contain reactionary forces.
Khrushchev’s doctrine of peaceful co-existence with the West, which implied that global
revolution, could be achieved by means other than armed struggle. Maw saw this as
ideological heresy.
Mao believed the USSR was dominated by “revisionists”.
Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square highlighted the fundamental differences that developed between
Communist China and Gorbachev’s Soviet Union.
Gorbachev created Perestroika, which addressed economic restructuring, and glasnost,
which suggested more political freedom and reform.
However, Deng brought some economic reforms, but there wasn’t a political openness.
Deng believed that economic reform was only possible under the control of the CCP.
On May 13 1989, 3000 students began a hunger strike in Tiananmen Square. It was
embarrassing for the PRC because Gorbachev was going to arrive two days later.
Protesters welcomed Gorbachev as a hero of reform, chanting his name and incorporating
glasnost and perestroika in their slogans.
On May 20, martial law was declared and on June 4 troops were sent to disperse the
crowd.
Source
Rogers, K., & Thomas, J. (2015). The Cold War: Superpower Tensions and Rivalries. London:
Pearson Baccalaureate.