ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

1. COLOR - Phenomenon of light and visual

perception that may be describe in terms PSYCHOLOGY OF COLOR
of an individuals perception of hue,
saturation and lightness for objects and Color Positive Negative
light source

2. HUE - property of lights w/c the color of red strength, agression

an object is classified as red, yellow, excitement
green or blue or any intermediate be in
orange ambition, immaturity,
any contagious pair of 3

energetic, derivation,
3. CHROMA- degree by which a color differ
food frustration
from gray of the same lightness or
brightness corresponding to saturation of yellow happy, irrational, fear
perceived color
cheerful
4. SATURATION- purity or vividness of hue,
aka intensity
green nature/ feeling boredom,
5. LIGHTNESS - color dimension by which stagnation
an object appears to reflect more or less
blue calm, restful, coldness,
of incident light, varying from (light) black
focus unfriendly
to white

6. VALUE - degree by which is correlated violet wealth, rich, cheap

which color appears to reflect more or property
less of the incident light corresponding to
the lightness of the required color.
pink love, calm, inhibition,
7. BRIGHTNESS - color dimension by agression weakness
which is correlated with illuminance
brown earthly, home heaviness,
ordered continuously from very dim to
lack of
very light (AMOUNT OF LIGHT)

sophistication
8. WARM COLOR - color that is inclined
and dominated by red, orange, and white purity, clean barriers
yellow

9. COOL COLOR - color that is inclined and black authority, oppression

dominated by green, blue, and violet
power,
intelligence

HUE - color itself

gray neutral neutral
TONAL - lightness or darkness


Wanes - Ocean waves, sine waves, sound
RHYTHM AND REPETITION
waves, ripples, etc., and all the
RHYHM
designs they inspire.

- organization of repetitive forms.

- unifying movement characterized by a

patterned repetition or alteration of formal
elements or motifs in the modified form

REPETITION

- refers to one object, form or element that Symmetry

is being repeated

PATTERN

- group of forms, elements or motifs that

repeats in a predictable manner

Types of Pattern

Sphere

Fractals

Mosaic - patterns from tesserae, small

pebbles or cut pieces of stone or
glass (traditionally) in different
colors.

Latices - various definitions in math, science

and art. In the main, they can
be said to be based around
the idea of a two or three-
dimensional array of regularly Kinds of Rhythm

spaced points.
1. Random

- repeating elements with no specific

Polyhedra - three-dimensional objects interval

whose surfaces are defined by 2. Regular

polygonal faces or facets, - repeating elements that follows the

whose edges are in turn defined same interval

by straight line segments. These 3. Alternating

straight line edges meet at - repeating more than one element in an

points called vertices; each alternating manner

edge joins only two faces and 4. Flowing

two vertices. Many polyhedra - shows the repeated elements following

are very symmetrical, but bends, curves and undulation

symmetry is not necessary.

5. Progressive

- changing one characteristic of a motif

as repeated

Spiral, helices and volume

SCALE

- Volutes are a fancy name for factors that affect perception of scale

flat spirals - what you doodle on • Association with nature

your class notes, a slice of • position in space relative to object

nautilus shell, wind-up springs, • experience

fiddlehead ferns, our galaxy, • values

etc.
• scalar sequence

• economic
• scientific law and structural requirements

• natural environment

Balance - visual weight created by size, • economic

color, texture and number of objects.

• social order

2. HIERARCHY building to stand out

balance vs proportion - axis

- the articulation of the importance or
Balance vs Lack or contrast - emphasis
significance of a form or space by its size ,
Axis - line established by two points in space shape or placement relative to other forms
can be arranged; regulates movement
and spaces of the organization

Orientation as a factor of:

• imageability

climate
• interest

religion/culture
• association

natural views
• visual weight

• reflecting use and users

Other axes
• reflecting values

City - landmarks, monuments, important 3. PROPORTION

buildings, infrastructure
bases:

Buildings - property lines, landscaps, • natural material proportion

associated buildings
-proportions are determined by the
interior - doors, windows, columns and material’s distinct properties of
beams
elasticity, hardness and durability.
rational proportion are dictated by their
Symmetrical - equal weight
inherent strength and weaknesses

radial - arranging elements equally around a

central point
• manufactured proportion

unsymmetrical
- sizes and proportion of structural
gravitational
members are determined by the
rhythm of line types
commercially available sizes

unaccented rhythm
• structural proportion

- sizes and proportion of structural

________________________________________
members are related to the task they
perform. beams, depth, column, length,
THE VALUE OF AN ARCHITECT
floor slab thickness are assigned to
“the architect creates man’s environment ensure building stability

through his awareness and sensitive • government ordinances

handling of spaces that fit the scale of - proportions determined by prescribed

human experience. the resulting quality of design guidelines or standards

the form-envelope manifested as a structure • traditions

or building gives rise to man’s appreciation - golden section

of beauty and order in the physical world

- golden rectangle

- classical order

Positive Perception (principle of design)

- renaissance theories

• order
- modulor

• outline
- ken

• identifiable references

• functional forms
relative proportion

• familiarity
absolute proportion

• cultural identity

• aesthetic objectives
Scale - gives the feeling of grandeur
monumentality & dignity

PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

1. CONTRAST as an adaptation to:

Emphasis - area or object with in the artwork/
• function
design that draws attention and becomes “object
• anthropometric
of interest”

 Architecture can be defined as the

Subordination - minimizing or turning down other
compositional elements in order to draw attention choreographic arrangement of
to the focal point
space in relation to the moving
b o d y. C h o r e o g r a p h y w i t h i n
Focal point - object of interest/ most significant
part of art
architecture can be understood in
HOW TO PUT EMPHASIS ON DESIGN
two ways: ergonomically and
1. Contrast - color, shape, size
p e r f o r m a t i v e l y. E r g o n o m i c
2. Isolation - isolate from background

3. Location - boardwalk from bg

choreography is the technically
4. Unusual
managed kinetics of the human
5. Convergence
body within space. It aims to
UNITY - combining together to form into an control movement in predictable
object
and repeatable ways within the
built environment in relation to a
WAYS TO ACHIEVE UNITY

1. proximity
s p e c i fi c t a s k . P e r f o r m a n c e
2. repetition
choreography focuses on the
3. continuation
kinesthetic experience (the
VARIETY - state of having varied or diverse sensations associated with
forms, types, or characteristic
movement) of the human body in
space. In contrast, it aims to
HARMONY - orderly, pleasing, or congruent
arrangement of elements or parts in an artistic explore how the moving body
whole.
"interacts" dynamically with
architecture.