Trong đề thi đại học, bài đọc hiểu (không tính cloze test) là một bài không thể

thiếu. Không
những vậy nó còn chiếm một phần rất lớn trong đề thi ( khoảng 25%) với 2 bài.

Chính vì vậy, mỗi một sĩ tử muốn đạt điểm cao trong môn tiếng anh thì không thể không ôn
tập kĩ lưỡng phần này.

Với lí do trên, mình quyết định mở topic này để mọi người cùng trao đổi về cách làm bài đọc
hiểu nói chung và cùng nhau giải quyết những đề đọc hiểu cụ thể do mình trích từ
cuốn " Bộ đề thi trắc nghiệm của Hoàng Thị Lệ M.A"

Mở đầu cho topic, mình xin post những tips để làm bài đọc hiểu trên chính trang
englishtime.us để các bạn tiện theo dõi.

Skill 1: MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

Almost every reading passage will have a multiple-choice question about the main idea of a passage. Such
a question may be worded in a variety of ways; you may, for example, be asked to identify the topic,
subject, title, primary idea, or main idea. It is relatively easy to find the main ideas by studying the topic
sentences, which are most probably found at the beginning of each paragraph.

If a passage consists of only one paragraph, you should study the beginning of that paragraph to
determine the main idea.

Example

The passage:

Basketball was invented in 1891 by a physical education instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts, by

the name of James Naismith. Because of terrible weather in winter, his physical education students were
indoors rather than outdoors. They really did not like the idea of boring, repetitive exercises and preferred
the excitement and challenge of a game. Naismith figured out a team sport that could be played indoors
on a gymnasium floor, that involved a lot of running, that kept all team members involved, and that did
not allow the tackling and physical contact of American style football.

The question:

What is the topic of this passage?

A. The life of James Naismith

B. The history of sports

C. Physical education and exercise

D. The origin of basketball

The first sentence of this passage states that basketball was invented, so the invention of basketball is
probably the topic. A quick check of the rest of the sentences in the passage confirms that the topic is, in
fact, the beginnings of the sport of basketball. Now you should check each of the answers to determine
which one comes closest to the topic that you have determined. Answer A. mentions James Naismith but
not basketball, so it is not the topic. Answer B. is too general; it mentions sports but does not mention
basketball. Answer C. is also too general; it mentions physical education but does not mention basketball.
The best answer is therefore answer D.: the origin of basketball means that the way that basketball was
invented is going to be discussed.

If a passage consists of more than one paragraph, you should study the beginning of each paragraph
to determine the main idea. In a passage with more than one paragraph, you should be sure to read the
first sentence of each paragraph to determine the subject, topic, title, or main idea.

The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about
main idea questions.

MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

What is the topic of the passage?

What is the subject of the passage?

What is the main idea of the passage?

HOW TO IDENTIFY THE What is the author's main point in the

QUESTION passage?

With what is the author primarily

concerned?

Which of the following would be the best

title?
The answer to this type of question can
WHERE TO FIND THE
generally be determined by looking at the
ANSWER
first sentence of each paragraph.
1. Read the first line of each paragraph.

2. Look for a common theme or idea in the

first
lines.

3. Pass your eyes quickly over the rest of

the
HOW TO ANSWER THE
passage to check that you have really
QUESTION
found
the topic sentence(s).

4. Eliminate any definitely wrong answers

and
choose the best answer from the
remaining
choices.
Skill 2: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS

A stated detail question asks about one piece of information in the passage rather than the
passage as a whole. The answers to these questions are generally given in order in the
passage, and the correct answer is often a restatement of what is given in the passage this
means that the correct answer often expresses the same idea as what is written in the pas-
sage, but the words are not exactly the same.

Example

The passage:

Flutes have been around for quite some time, in all sorts of shapes and sizes and made
from a variety of materials. The oldest known flutes are, about 20,000 years old, they were
made from hollowed-out bones with holes cut in them. In addition to bone, older flutes
were often constructed from bamboo or hollowed-out wood.

Today flutes are generally made of metal, and in addition to the holes they have a
complicated system of keys, levers, and pads. The instrument belonging to well-known
flautist James Galway is not just made of any metal, it is made of gold.

The question:

According to the passage, the oldest flutes

A. had holes cut in them

B. were made of metal

C. were made 200,000 years ago

D. had a complicated set of levers and pads

Since this question asks about the oldest flutes, you should see that this question is
answered in the second sentence. The passage states that the oldest known flutes were
bones with holes cut in them, so the best answer is answer A.. Answers B. and D. are true
about today's flutes but not about the oldest flutes, so they are incorrect. Answer C. is an
incorrect number; the oldest flutes are 20,000 years old, not 200,000 years old.

The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about
stated detail questions:

STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS

HOW TO IDENTIFY
THE QUESTION According to the passage…

It is stated in the passage...

 The passage indicates that…

Which of the following is true...?

WHERE TO FIND THE

The answers to the questions are found in order in the passage.
ANSWER

1. Choose a key word in the question.

2. Skim in the appropriate part of the passage for the

key word or idea.
HOW TO ANSWER
THE QUESTION 3. Read the sentence that contains the key word or
idea carefully.

4. Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose

the best answer from the remaining choices.
Skill 3: FIND "UNSTATED" DETAILS

You will sometimes be asked in the reading section to find an answer that is not stated or
not mentioned or not true in the passage. This type of question really means that three of
the answers are stated, mentioned, or true in the passage, while one answer is not.

Example

The passage:

The Florida Keys are a beautiful chain of almost 1,000 coral and limestone islands.
These islands form an arc that heads first southwest and then west from the mainland. U.S.
Highway 1, called the Overseas Highway, connects the main islands in the chain. On this
highway, it is necessary to cross forty-two bridges over the ocean to cover the 159 miles
from Miami, on the mainland, to Key West, the farthest island on the highway and the
southernmost city in the United States.

The question:

Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Florida Keys?

A. The Florida Keys are a chain of islands.

B. The Florida Keys contain coral and limestone.

C. The Florida Keys are in the shape of an arc.

D. The Florida Keys are not all inhabited.

This question asks for the one answer that is not mentioned about the Florida Keys.
The passage states that the Florida Keys are a chain (answer A) with coral and limestone
(answer B) in the shape of an arc (answer C), so these answers are not correct. The best
answer is therefore answer D.. The passage does not mention whether or not the keys are
all inhabited.

The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about
“unstated” detail questions:

“UNSTATED” DETAIL QUESTIONS

Which of the following is not stated...?

Which of the following is not mentioned...?

HOW TO DENTIFY THE
QUESTION
Which of the following is not discussed…?

Which of the following are true except....?

WHERE TO FIND THE The answers to these questions are found in order in the
ANSWER passage.
 1. Choose a key word in the question.

2. Scan the appropriate place in the passage for the key word
(or related idea).

3. Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea

HOW TO ANSWER THE
carefully.
QUESTION

4. Look for answers that are definitely true according to the

passage Eliminate those answers.

5. Choose the answer that is not true or not discussed in the

passage.
Skill 4: IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS

In this type of question, you will be asked to answer a multiple choice question about a
reading passage by drawing a conclusion from a specific detail or details in the pas sage.
Questions of this type contain the words implied, inferred, likely, or probably to let you
know that the answer to the question is not directly stated. In this type of question, it is
important to understand that you do not have to "pull the answer out of thin air." Instead,
some information will be given in the passage, and you will draw a conclusion from that
information.

Example

The passage:

The number of rings in a tree can be used to determine how old a tree really is. Each
year a tree produces a ring that is composed of one light-colored wide band and one dark-
colored narrow band. The wider band is produced during the spring and early summer when
tree stem cells grow rapidly and become larger. The narrower band is produced in fall and
early winter when cell growth is much slower and cells do not get very large. No cells are
produced during the harsh winter and summer months.

The question:

It is implied in the passage that if a tree has 100 wide bands and 100 narrow bands, then
it is

A. a century old

B. two centuries old

C. fifty years old

D. two hundred years old

This question asks about the age of a tree with 100 wide bands and 100 narrow
bands. The passage does not tell the age of a tree with 100 wide and narrow bands, but it
does indicate that….wide band and one.....narrow band are produced each year From this,
you can draw the conclusion that a tree with 100 wide and narrow bands is 100 years, or a
century, old. The best answer to this question is therefore answer A..

The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about
implied detail questions.

IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS

It is implied in the passage that……

It can be inferred from the passage that..….

It is most likely that……

What probably happened.....?

The answers to these questions are generally found in order in the passage.
1. Choose a key word in the question.

2. Scan the passage for the key word (or a related idea).

3. Carefully read the sentence that contains the key word.

4. Look for an answer that could be true, according to that sentence.

 Skill 5: VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT QUESTIONS Exercise: 1 2 3 >>

You may be asked to determine the meaning of a difficult word or expression that you do
not know. In this case, the passage often gives you a clear indication of what the word or
expression means.

Example

The passage:

.......... ..........Professor Richmond's hobby is philately. The professor has been quite
interested in collecting stamps for a number of years .......... ..........

The question:

The word "philately" in line 1 could best be replaced by

A. a philanthropic attitude

B. a common profession

C. stamp collecting

D. teaching classes

In this question, you are asked to choose an expression to replace philately. You are
not expected to know the meaning of the word philately. Instead, you should understand
from the context that if the professor is interested in collecting stamps, then philately is
most likely stamp collecting. Answer C. is therefore the best answer to this question.

The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember about
vocabulary questions:

VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT QUESTIONS

HOW TO IDENTIFY THE What is the meaning of “X” in line Y?

QUESTION The word “X” in line Y could best be replaced by…

Information to help you understand the meaning of

WHERE TO FIND THE
ANSWER
a vocabulary word can often be found in the
context surrounding the word.

HOW TO ANSWER THE

QUESTION 1. Find the word in the passage.

2. Read the sentence that contains the word carefully.

3. Look for context clues to help you understand the

 meaning.

4. Choose the answer that the context indicates.

 Skill 6: "WHERE" QUESTIONS

There will be a multiple-choice question that asks where certain information is found. The
answer choices will list possible locations for that information.

Example

The passage:

The words "capital" and "capitol" are confused in spelling and in meaning by a lot of
people who try to use them. Both their spellings and their meanings are quite closely
related. A "capital" is the location of the center of government, while a "capitol" is the
actual building where the government officials meet. Thus, in the United States, for
example, the Capitol building is located in Washington, D.C., which is the capital city of
the United States.

The question:

Where in the passage does the author define the word "capital"?

A. Lines 1-2

B. Lines 3-4

C. Line 5

D. Line 6

To answer this question, you should skim for the word capital and then look for its
meaning A capital is the location of the center of government, and this definition is given
in the third line. Answer B. is therefore the best answer to this question.

The following chart outlines the key information that you should remember when you
are trying to determine where in the passage something is found:

QUESTION ABOUT WHERE IN THE PASSAGE

HOW TO IDENTIFY THE Where in the passage…….?

QUESTION
WHERE TO FIND THE The answer can be in any of the lines listed in
ANSWER the answer to the question.
1. Choose a key word or idea in the question.

HOW TO ANSWER THE 2. Skim the appropriate past(s) of the passage looking
QUESTION for the key word or idea.

3. Choose the answer that contains the key word or idea.

 1:

Crows are probably the most frequently met and easily indentifiable members of the native fauna
of the United States. The great number of tales, legends, and myths about these bird indicates that
people have been exceptionally interested in them for a long time. On the other hand, when it
comes to substantive-particular behavioral-information, crows are less well known than many
comparably common species and for that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones: the endangered
califonia condoe, to cite one obvious example. There are practical reasons for this.

Crows are notoriously poor and aggravating subjects for the field research. Keen observers and
quick learners, they are astute about the intentions of other creatures, including researchers, and
adept at avoiding them, Because they are so numerous, active, and monochromatic, it is difficult
to distinguish one crow from another. Bands, radio transmitters, or other indentifying devices can
be attached to them, but this of course requires catching live crows, who are among the wariest
and most untrappable of birds.

Technical difficulties aside, crow research is daunting because the ways of these birds are so
complex and various. As preeminent generalists, members of this spieces ingenious exploit a great
range of habitats and recources, and they can quickly adjust to changes in their circumstances.
Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interested and inclinations, strategies
and scams. For the example, one pet crow learned how to let a dog out of its kennel by pulling the
pin on the door. When the dog escaped, the bird went into the kennel and ate its food.

1.What is main topic of the passage?

A. the ways in which crow differ from other common birds.

B. the myths and legends about crows.

C.the characteristics that make crows difficult to study.

D. the existing methods for investigating cros behavior.

2. According to the first passage, what evidence is there that crows have interested people for a
long time?

A. The large number of stories about crows.

B. the frequency with which crows are sighted.

C. the amount of research that has been conducted on crows.

D. the ease with which crows are indentified

3. In line 6, the author mentions the endanged CAlifonia condor as an example of a spieces that is

A. smaller than the crow C. easily indentified

B. featured in legends D. very rare

4.According to the second paragraph, crows are poor subjects for the field research for all of the
following reasons EXCEPT

A. They can successfully avoid observers

B.They are hard to distinguish from one other

C. They can be quite aggressive

D. They are difficult to catch

5. In the second paragraphm the author implies that using radio trasmitters would allow a
researcher who studies crows to

A indentify individual crows

B. follow flocks of crows over long distaces

C. recorded the times when crows are most active

D. help crows that become sick or injured

trong bài đọc trên em còn có chỗ thắc mắc

4.According to the second paragraph, crows are poor subjects for the field research for all of the
following reasons EXCEPT

A. They can successfully avoid observers

B.They are hard to distinguish from one other

C. They can be quite aggressive

D. They are difficult to catch

câu b- như vậy they ở đây là chủ ngữ (thật) => chúng khó phân biệt lẫn nhau

nếu muốn nói các nhà nghiên cứu hay mọi người nói chung khó phân biệt chúng thì ta phải
dùng

it is hard to distinguish one other it - chủ ngữ giả

và tóm lại đề ra sai

vì đáp án sẽ là câu c khi b có chủ ngữ giả là it còn khi b- có chủ ngữ (thật) là they thì câu có 2 đáp
án.

các thầy xem giúp em

em xin chân thành cảm ơn.

 They are hard to distinguish from one other

Câu này người ta lược bỏ cụm "for us"

Viết đầy đủ sẽ là :

.They are hard for us to distinguish from one other

Còn như nếu muốn dùng chủ từ giả thì phải viết như sau:

It is hard ( for us) to distinguish them from one other

2:

cái câu chủ ngữ giả thầy viết lại em đã hiểu It is hard ( for us) to distinguish them from one other

nhưng cái câu mà đề cho .They are hard to distinguish from one other em thấy nó cứ giống cấu
trúc S+be+adj + to do sth trong câu I'm happy to go to school everyday.

tức là chính chủ ngữ they thực hiện hành động distinguish

nhưng cũng không ổn vì sau distingguish không có tân ngữ

nhưng để hiểu theo nghĩa "các nhà khoa học khó phân biệt chúng" thấy cùng kì kì

có phải là cấu trúc trên cũng giống như câu

they are difficult to invite to the party= it is difficult to invite them to the party.

khó mà mời họ đến dự tiệc.

mong thầy giúp em, em xin chân thành cảm ơn

tiện thể thầy giúp em xem có tài liệu nào nói về phần này không ạ.

Câu này khó hiểu do ở chỗ one another cho nên để em hiểu rỏ về cấu trúc chủ từ giả/thật,
thấy lấy các ví dụ khác cho đơn giản hơn nhé:

This exercise is easy ( for us ) to do.

Trong cấu trúc này có 2 điểm cần nhớ:

- Túc từ của động từ do không viết ra vì nó trùng với chủ từ ( exercise)

- Cụm for us được lược bỏ do mang nghĩa chung chung.

Do đó nếu viết :
This exercise is easy to do.

Thì em thấy nó giống như mẫu chủ từ thực hiện hành động nhưng thật ra là khác vì người ta bỏ
for sb .

Có thể biến ra các mẫu câu khác là :

It is easy (for us) to do this exercise.

We are easy to do this exercise.

We do this exercise easily.

3:

his exercise is easy to do( câu này không có too easy vẫn ổn ạ,this exercise is too easy to do)
hay là cấu trúc này sử dụng y như too Adj+ to +V = it is easy to do this exercise-

liệu không dùng too thì về ngữ nghĩa có thay đổi không ạ

và nó cũng cùng dạng với câu này phải không ạ

they are difficult to invite to the party= it is difficult to invite them to the party.

tóm lại là

they are difficult to distinguish from one other=they- chủ ngữ thật nhưng chủ ngữ không thực
hiện hành động mà tác nhân thực hiện hành động ở đây là ( for us=>we)- các nhà nghiên cứu đã
được lược bớt.(1)

It is difficult to distinguish them from one other = it- chủ ngữ giả (2)

và We are difficult to distinguish them from one other.- chủ ngữ thật nhưng chủ từ thực hiện hành
động (3)

(1) , (2), (3) đều cùng nghĩa nhưng khác cấu trúc.

phải không thưa thầy

em cảm ơn thầy nhiều.

ok