Transit Oriented Development (T.O.

D)

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch
K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof Asst,proff.
DEFINITION
TOD
 TOD’s are essentially activity centres established around a transport/transit node
 Medium to high density housing
 Mix of retail, employment, commercial and civic development
 Enhanced accessibility to via walking and cycling links

OTHER ELEMENTS
 Often defined by 400m or 800m radius from transit stop
 Open space or ‘green-space’ to accessible to community
 Affordable housing and housing mix
 Reduced parking allowances (based on usual Development Plan requirements)
 Frequent, fast, reliable public transport

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
P I E C E S O F T H E TO D
TOD

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
TYPES OF TOD TOD
According to Dittmar & Poticha, (2004),

 urban neighbourhood
 urban downtown/urban centre
 suburban town centre
 suburban neighbourhood
 neighbourhood transit zone
 commuter town.
 special use/employment district
 mixed-used corridor

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
WHY TOD’S
TOD
 Decreasing car dependency
 Increase the viability of Public Transport Investment
 Increasing residential densities and facilitating the regeneration of existing transport
corridors
 Providing priorities for sustainability, such as energy and water conservation
 Improving pedestrianisation of urban areas
 Creating mixed use neighbourhoods with a residential focus and integrating services and the
communities who access them
 Reducing the need for further Greenfields development

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
 TOD

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
TRANSPORT PRINCIPLES
The potential shifts in transport mode for are described below: TOD
 A decrease in car as driver trips
 An increase in cycling trips
 An increase in trips by public transport
 An increase in walking

IMPLEMENTING TODS
 Political will (a top down approach)
 Design elements to suit environs: Site master plan and wider precinct planning
 Insert into Development Plan Structure: Ministerial DPA may remove the need for this
 Incorporating existing communities.
 Business Case: economically viable
 Joint Venture terms
 Community approval: an understandingK.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch
and acceptanceAsst,prof
of TOD principles and ideals
MEASURING TOD-NESS
TOD
Every city is different in nature and hence to make a successful strategy for TOD it is important to list out
indicators or key components for measuring TOD ness

Calthorpe (1993) lists the key components of TOD as follows:

 Growth organized on a regional level to be compact and transit-supportive

 Commercial, housing, jobs parks, and civic uses within walking distance of transit stops

 Pedestrian-friendly street networks that directly connect local destinations

 A mix of housing types, densities, and costs

 Preservation of sensitive habitat, riparian zones, and high-quality open space

 Public spaces become the focus of building orientation and neighbourhood activity.

Additionally, Transit Oriented Development Institute adds the following to that list:

 Walkable design with pedestrian as the highest priority

 Transit station as prominent feature of town centre

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
Additionally, Transit Oriented Development Institute
TOD
 Public square fronting [transit] station

 Nodes containing a mixture of uses in close proximity (office, residential, retail, civic)

 High density, walkable district within 10-minute walk circle surrounding [transit] station

 Collector support transit systems including streetcar, light rail, and buses, etc

 Designed to include the easy use of bicycles as daily support transport.

 Large ride-in bicycle parking areas within stations

 Bike share rental system integrated into stations

 Reduced and managed parking inside 10-minute walk circle around [transit] station

 Specialized retail at stations serving commuters and locals including cafes, grocery, dry cleaners

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA TOD
High Capacity Transit Corridors

High Density
Mixed Land use
along Main
Arterial/ Transit
Corridor
Earliest forms of TOD in India

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
 TOD

Ahmedabad – Station Level TOD

Delhi – Area Level TOD

Navi Mumbai – City Level TOD

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
Navi Mumbai – The 1st Modern TOD in India TOD
 Started Building in 1992, to accommodate the growing
population of Mumbai
 Spread over 344 sq. km. of land, including a 150 km-long
creek line
 Close to the world's 10th largest & India's largest seaport,
Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT)
Vashi Station Complex

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
AHMEDABAD – STATION LEVEL TOD
TOD
 Population: 5,570,585 (2011)
 Area: 466 Sq. Km
 Gross Density: 12, 000 person /sq.km

 A special tax – “betterment charge” – on

property within 250 m of transit corridor
 Increased FSI along transit corridors- 1.8
to 3.6/ 4.
 Additional 2.2 FSI To Be Purchased From
ULB
 10% reduction in parking for commercial
uses
 Income from Sale of FSI/Concessions to
be Part of Transport Fund

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
Ahmedabad BRT Network
 TOD

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
D e l h i – A r e a L e v e l TO D TOD
 Population: 11 million (2011)
 Urban Area Density: 11.3

Applicable: 500 m belt along Metro

corridors
 Covers 20% of Delhi urban area
 Exceptions:
Lutyens Bungalow Zone
Civil Lines bungalow zone
Zone-O (Yamuna river bed)

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
Population, area and density of case cities in 2011
TOD

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
 TOD
BRT and MRT (proposed) network in Ahmedabad
MRT network of Delhi
MRT network in Bengaluru

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
Density
Densities in Ahmedabad, 2011
TOD
TOD areas in Bangalore overlapped with population density

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
Density
Densities in Ahmedabad, 2011
TOD
TOD areas in Bangalore overlapped with population density

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof
Comparison of various indices of the case cities
TOD

K.KEDHEESWARAN,M.Arch Asst,prof