MAKALAH

KEGIATAN MANDIRI TIDAK TERSTRUKTUR (KMTT)

ENGLISH LESSONS
MATERIAL:

NARRATIVE TEXT

Arranged By: M.Reyhan N.S

Class: X (Ten) MIPA
 Chapter I
Introduction

A. Backgroud
Narrative text is a kind of genre that the series of events or stories from time to time
and described in the order beginning, middle and end. So it should be chronological,
meaning it is told in a coherent chronological and should not be jumping.
In the English dictionary, literally Narrative means (1) a spoken or writer account of
connected events, a story. (2) the narrated part of a literary work, as distinct from the
dialogue. (3) the practice or art of narration..

B. Objective Discussion
1. Discuss the notion of narrative text
2. Discuss the Purpose Narrative Text
3. Know the types of Narrative Text
4. Knowing Generic Structure of Narrative Text
5. Know the Language Features of Narrative Text
6. Knowing Grammar of Narrative Text
7. Knowing Example Narrative Text
 Chapter II
Discussion

A. Understanding Narrative Text

Narrative text is a kind of genre that the series of events or stories from time to
time and described in the order beginning, middle and end. So it should be
chronological, meaning it is told in a coherent chronological and should not be
jumping up and text that tells something imaginative or something that just mirages
and aim only to entertain the reader.

B. Purpose Narrative Text

The basic purpose of the narrative text is to entertain and attract readers with a story
or event that has the problems that lead to conflict and in the end no resolution or a
happy ending or even depressing. Actually narrative text is not only limited to the
mystical story, fiction, legend, fairy tale or fable, but another story in the form of
adventure, mystery and all forms of story. In essence, narrative text is about the story.
But the lesson in school, genre narrative text is usually only used to show the fictional
story like a fairy tale or legend. If the views of its kind, the narrative text that is often
meant by the father's mother was a teacher Suggestive Narrative category, ie text that
purpose so that the reader gets the wisdom of a story.

C. Types of Narrative Text

Narrative Text has a core story that usually only in the form of the author's
imagination or a real incident that was captured by the author or even a combination
of both. In various sources Narrative Text can be found in the form:

a. Fables (Stories about animals behave like humans pictured)

Fable is a story that tells the life of an animal that behaves like a human. The story
may not be the real story. Fable is a fiction, a fantasy point (fantasy). Sometimes fable
enter characters minority human form.
The characteristics of fable:
 1. The use of animal figures
2. animals as main characters can behave like humans
3. shows the depiction of moral / moral element and the human character and
criticism about life in the story.
4. The story short
5. Using a simple word choice
6. In the fable story, which is told is the most excellent among the human characters
are weak and the strong.
7. Using a natural setting

b. Fairy stories (The story is fantastic, full of wonders)

Fairy stories / fairy tale is a type of short stories that usually features folkloric fantasy
characters Europe, such as dwarves, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, mermaids,
trolls, witches, and usually magic or charm. Fables can be distinguished from other
people's stories as legends (which generally involve belief in the truth of the events
described) and explicitly moral of the story, including the fable.

c. Mysteries
Mystery genre fiction is usually focused on the investigation of crime. Mystery fiction
is often used as a synonym for detective fiction or crime fiction-in other words a novel
or short story in which the investigator (whether professional or amateur) investigate
and solve the mystery of evil. Sometimes nonfictional mystery books. can whodunit
that the emphasis on puzzles or elements of tension and logical solutions like a
mystery story. Mystery fiction can be compared with boiled detective stories, which
focuses on action and gritty realism. mystery may involve supernatural mystery or
thriller in which the solution is not to be logical, and even no crime involved.

d. Science Fiction
Science fiction is a genre of fiction dealing with such imaginative content futuristic
settings, futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light
travel, parallel universes and extraterrestrial life. It often explores the consequences
of scientific innovations and other potential, and has been called "literature of ideas.
e. Romances
Romance is expressive and pleasant feeling of emotional appeal to the people
associated with love. In the context of romantic love relationships, romance usually
implies a strong expression of romantic love a person, or a person's emotional desire
and stronger to connect with others intimate or romantic. Historically, the term
"romance" comes with the ideals of medieval knights as stated in his knight romance
literature.

f. Horror Stories
Horror fiction, horror and fantasy literature horror is a genre of literature, which is
intended to, or has the capacity to scare, frighten, or surprise the reader by inducing
feelings of horror and terror. Literary historian JA Cuddon has defined the horror story
as "a piece of prose fiction in the form of variable length ... which shocks or even fear
the reader, or may induce feelings of disgust or hatred." It creates a frightening and
intimidating atmosphere. Horror usually supernatural, though it can be a non-
supernatural. Often the main threat of a work of horror fiction can be interpreted as a
metaphor for a greater fear of society.

g. Legends
A legend is a narrative of human actions are perceived both by teller and listeners to
take place in human history and has certain qualities that give verisimilitude story.
Legend, for active and passive participants that includes no events that are outside the
"possibility", as defined by a set of highly flexible parameters, which may include the
miracles that are considered truly special has happened in the tradition of
indoctrination where the legend appears , and where the tradition may change from
time to time, to keep it fresh and vital, and realistic. Many legends operates in the
areas of uncertainty, never be fully believed by the participants, but also became
firmly doubted.

h. Historical Narratives
 Narrative history is the practice of writing history in the form of a story based. It can
be divided into two subgenres: the traditional narrative and narrative modern.Narasi
traditionally focused on the chronological order of history, it is event driven and tend
to center on individuals, actions, and intentions.
For example, in the case of the French Revolution, a historian who works with
traditional narrative might be more interested in the revolution as a whole (one
revolution), the center of Paris, and is highly dependent on the great figures such as
Maximilien Robespierre.Sebaliknya, modern narrative usually focus the structure and
the general trend. A modern narrative will break from rigid chronology if historians
explain the concept better. In the case of the French Revolution, a historian working
with modern narrative may indicate general characteristics possessed by the
revolutionaries in France but also will describe regional variations from the general
trend (many revolutions confluent). Also the kind of historian may use different
sociological factors to demonstrate why various types of people support the general
revolution.

i. Personal Experience (personal experiences written)

The experience of the human person is the experience moment-to-moment sensory
awareness and internal and external events or experiences some form of empirical
unity as the period of life.

j. Ballads (ballads, which can be a touching story readers, usually in the form of a love
story that is not up)
A ballad / bæləd / is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derived
from the medieval French chanson balladée or ballade, which originally "dance
songs". Ballads in particular the characteristics of popular poetry and song from the
British Isles later medieval period until the 19th century and is widely used throughout
Europe and then America, Australia, and North Africa.

D. Generic structure
Generic structure on Narrative Text is divided into four, namely:
1. Orientation
 Namely the introduction of the form: a story about what (what is the story about),
who the actors in the story (who is the participant), of the story (where is the place
setting) and the story when it happened (when is the time settings ).
2. Complication
In this paragraph which became the core of the narrative text. Without any problems,
this text is only one form of exposure to events that followed with another event.
Problems that arise can be distinguished:
- Natural Conflict
Namely the problems that arise because of the perpetrator stories dealing with the
forces of nature.
- Social Conflict
Namely the problems that arise because the perpetrators were facing each other.
They met at the same time with different interests.
- Psychological Conflict
Namely the problems that arise when dealing with the perpetrators of the story
itself. The contradiction between the good and bad, between greed and tolerance.
3. Resolution
That problem can be solved. In Narrative text, any problems that appear to be no
solution, can be closed with a happy ending (happy ending) or not slightly ended
tragically, the sad (sad ending).
4. Coda
Is a sentence or a text message contained in narrative.

E. Language Features
1. Use Past Tense (S+V2)
The past tense is a grammatical tense whose main function is to put an action or
situation in the past. In the language which has the past tense, thus providing a means
of grammatical indicates that the event in question occurred in the past.
2. Use time connector
Time connector is used in the description of time in the narrative text, the information
is usually as a liaison paragraph 1 with other paragraphs. For example: Paragraph 1 (in
the morning), Paragraph 2 (in daylight).
3. Using conjunction
Conjunction is used in conjunction Narrative text. Example: After, before, That, So,
After that, etc.
4. Using saying verb
Saying verb meaning in the narrative text using the verb. Example: Told, Spoke,
Promised, etc.
5. Using adjective
Adjective meaning in the narrative text using adjectives. Example: Good, Bad,
Beautiful, ugly, etc.

F. Grammar Used
Grammar (grammar) that often arise in making the narrative text is tenses "past",
both simple, past perfect, past continuous, past perfect continuous, future or past
continuous.

1. Simple past tense

Simple past tense is a simple form of the verb to indicate that an event occurred in the
past. In the simple past tense, time of occurrence (yesterday, last two days, last year)
or time period (for two months, for a day, for an hour) can be specifically mentioned.
Simple past tense can also be used to form a conditional sentence type 2.

Types
Formula
Example Sentences Simple Past Tense
positif (+)
S + Verb-2 (past tense)
 S + be(was/were)
The teacher came
I was a stamp collector
negatif (-)
S + did + not + bare infinitive
S + be(was/were) + not
The teacher didn’t come
I wasn’t a stamp collector
interogatif (?)
Did + S + bare infinitive
be(was/were) + S
Did the teacher come
Was I a stamp collector

Function
Example sentences Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense to talk about the action that occurs at a specific time in the future
duration lampau.Preposition "for" can be used to express a period of time of the
incident.
Vina and I went to the Ragunan zoo three months ago.
Did he come on time yesterday?
The party started at 10.00 a.m.
Did you sleep enough last night?
I studied civil engineering for almost 4 years.
Simple past tense to talk about habits in the past. Subordinate conjunction "when" is
usually used in this situation.
I often did exercises in the gym when I lived in Bandung.
 When I was a senior high school student, I always got up at 4 am to study.
To show that there is a short duration of action (simple past tense) that occurs when a
long duration of action (past continuous tense) is underway.
I was reading a journal in the library when someoneburped out loud.
To indicate that an action (simple past tense) directly follow the action that has been
completed (past perfect tense).
I had already finished my breakfast when he pickedme up.
Simple past tense is used padaconditional sentence type 2.
If she studied hard, she would be pass.
I would buy a sport car if I had much money.

2. Past perfect tense

Past perfect tense is a verb form used to express that an action has been completed at
some point in the past before another action occurs. The action has been completed in
the past it may happen repeatedly or only once. In addition, past perfect tense can
also be used to form a conditional sentence type 3 and reported speech.

Sentence
Formula Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense Example
positif (+)
S + had + Verb-3/past participle
My brother had slept
They had come
negatif (-)
S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle
My brother hadn’t slept
 They hadn’t come
interogatif (?)
had + S + Verb-3/past participle
Had my brother slept
Had they come

Function
Example Sentence Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense to express a past action that has been completed happen
sebelumpast conjunction lainnya.Subordinate events that can be used include:
• after, before, when
• by the time
• prior to
When he came last night, the cake had run out.
The student had gotten a verbal warning before his parents were called.
I had already eaten my breakfast by the time he picked me up.
Prior to the proclamation, Indonesia had been colonized by Japan for 3 years.
Past perfect tense to indicate how often something happened in the past.
I had read the book three times.
They had met twice before married.
Yulia had gone to the gym every two days until 2012.
Past perfect speech tensedigunakan padareported setelahverbs: said, of toll, asked,
thought, wondered.
He said that he had listened carefully the instruction.
I thought he had changed to be better man.
Past perfect tense to express the hope / dream that is not accomplished (conditional
type 3).
 If he had taken a bath fast, he would have missed the train.
Rina would been the same level with me if she had studiedharder.

3. Past continuous tense

Past continuous tense or past progressive tense is a verb form used to express that an
action is happening at a particular time in the past. The action has been started but
not yet completed at the time.

Sentences Type
Formula
Example Sentence Past Continuous Tense
positif (+)
S + be(was/were) + V1-ing/present participle
The team was running
The workers were queuing
negatif (-)
S + be(was/were) + not + V1-ing/present participle
The team was not running
The workers weren’t queuing
interogatif(?)
be(was/were) + S + V1-ing/present participle?
Was the team running
Were the workers queuing
 Function
Example Sentence Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense to indicate an action that occurs during certain moments in the
past.
I was shopping at this time yesterday.
What was she doing at 5 am this morning?
They were roasting corn at this time last night.
I was doing physically exercises all day yesterday.
To show that there is a short duration of action (simple past tense) that occurs when a
long duration of action (past continuous tense) is underway. Subordinate conjunction
"when" or "while" can be used
She was sleeping when you called her.
The door was knocked while I was studying.
Past continuous tense is used to ridicule or criticize the actions that occur at random
intervals, but it is actually a natural habit.
The girl was always yelling out loud.
My neighbor was always chasing stray cats offwith his broom.

4. Past perfect continuous

Past perfect continuous tense is a verb form used to express an action (with certain
time duration) has been completed at a given point in time in the past.

Sentence type
Formula
Example Sentence Past Perfect Continuous Tense
positif
(+)
 S + had + been + V1-ing/present participle
Lia had been walking
The labors had been demonstrating
negatif
(-)
S + had + not + been + V1-ing/present participle
Lia had not been walking
The labors hadn’t been demostrating
interogatif
(?)
had + S + been + V1-ing/present participle
Had Lia been walking
Had the labors been demonstrating

Function
Example Sentence Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous tense to express a long action in the past before another
action occurs
When the guests came, we had been waiting for an hour.
He had been standing in front of the door for thirthy minutes before it was opened.
Past perfect continuous tense to tell how long something happens (period of time) or
until a certain time in the past
She was annoyed since she had been waiting for 2 hours on the bus station.
By the time the teacher came, the studentshad been reading a half part of the text.
I had been working with my computer all day, and all I wanted to do was eat some
chocolate.
 5. Past future continuous
Future continuous tense or future tense progressive form of the verb is used to
express the action that will be taking place at a certain time in the future. The action
has been started but not yet completed at the time.

Type
Formula
Example Sentences Future Continuous Tense
positif (+)
S + will be + V1-ing/present participle
He will be sleeping
You and I will be walking
negatif (-)
S + will + not + be + V1-ing/present participle
He will not be sleeping
You and I won’t be walking
interogatif (?)
Will + S + be + V1-ing/present participle
Will he be sleeping
Will you and I be walking

Function
Example Sentences Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense to indicate an action that will be taking place at a certain
time in the future
I together with my friend will be walking on Carita Beach tomorrow morning.
Reny will be working at the office when you arrive.
 He will be sleeping at 10 p.m.

G. Example of Narrative Text

1. Fable
A Mouse and A Lion

Generic Structure
Story
Orientation
Once, as a lion lay sleeping in his den, a naughty little mouse ran up his tail, onto his
back, up his mane and danced and jumped on his head, so that the lion woke up.

lion angry grabbed the mouse and, holding him in his large claws, roared in anger.
'How dare you wake me up! Don't you know that I am King of the Beasts? Anyone
who disturbs my rest deserves to die! I shall kill you and eat you!

The terrified mouse, shaking and trembling, begged the lion to let him go. 'Please
don't eat me Your Majesty! I did not mean to wake you, it was a mistake. I was only
playing. Please let me go - and I promise I will be your friend forever. Who knows but
one day I could save your life?'

The lion looked at the tiny mouse and laughed. 'You save my life? What an absurd
idea!' he said scornfully. 'But you have made me laugh, and put me into a good mood
again, so I shall let you go.' And the lion opened his claws and let the mouse go free.
'Oh thank you, your majesty,' squeaked the mouse, and scurried away as fast as he
could.
Complication
 A few days later the lion was caught in a hunter's snare. Struggle as he might, he
couldn't break free and became even more entangled in the net of ropes. He let out a
roar of anger that shook the forest. Every animal heard it, including the tiny mouse.
Resolution
The mouse was rushing to the source of its roar and he found the lion was powerless.
The mouse then bit the rope that cought the lion so that the lion can escape from the
trap. The lions are very grateful to the mouse, and they became friends best forever.
Coda
Even a small help would be very meaningful.

2. Fairy Stories
Beauty and the Beast
Generic structure
Story
Orientation
Once upon a time there was a merchant who had three beautiful daughter, Prettiest,
Sweetest, and Beauty. One day when a merchant set off for market, the three of his
daughter asked him something. Prettiest wanted a brocade dress, Sweetest asked a
pearl necklace but Beauty just wanted a rose.

When the merchant had finished his business, he set off for home. However, a sudden
storm blew up and he should found a shelter to take a rest. Then he saw a big castle
but there was none there and he decided to take a rest there.

In the morning, when he left the castle, he saw a beautiful rose in castle garden.
Remembering his promise to Beauty, he bent down to pick a rose. But suddenly a
horrible beast came out. The beast was angry because he found there was someone
who stole his rose.
Complication
 The beast wanted to kill the merchant. But the merchant was begging to apologize
him. Then he told that his youngest daughter wanted a rose when he came back to
home.

"I shall spare your life, but on one condition, that you bring me your daughter!" said
the beast.
Resolution
The merchant came back to his home with sad looking face. He told the story to his
family include to Beauty.

"Dear father, I would do anything for you! Don't worry, I will live with the beast and
save your life!" Said Beauty.

Then Beauty began to live with the beast in the castle. In the beginning, Beauty was
frightened of the Best but later she figured out that actually the beast was good and
kind. In a short time, Beauty and the Beast became good friends. Then one day, the
Beast asked Beauty to be his wife.

Taken by surprise, Beauty said no to the Beast proposal. But the Beast was not getting
mad of it. In the next day, the Beast brought Beauty the magic mirror which could see
her family, far away.

And one day, Beauty saw that her father was in serious sick. She asked the Beast to let
her looked after her father. The beast could not deny but there was a condition that
Beauty should come back in 7 days. Beauty thanked the Beast so much. so she was
back to her family and looked after her father.

The merchant fallen ill from broken heart at knowing his daughter was being kept
prisoner. When Beauty stayed with him, the merchant's condition was getting well.
However, Beauty forgot her promise to come back in 7 days. In the night, Beauty had
a nightmare. She had a dream that the Beast was dying.
Beauty was afraid, then she decided to come back to castle immediately In the castle,
she found the Beast lied down on the ground with its eyes shut. Beauty was sad, then
she hugged the Beast and said that she would marry the Beast. Suddenly a miracle
took place. The Beast magically turn into a handsome man.

"Actually, I am a prince of this castle. A bad witch turn me into beast and only real
love of a maiden willing to accept me as I was, can transform me back to normal. Then
Beauty and the prince was married and live happily in the castle.
Coda
Do not judge a person from his body, but with his heart. because looks can be
deceiving.

3. Romance
Cinderella Love Story

Generic structure
Story
Orientation
Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step
mother and two step sisters.

The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated
Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the
house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food
for the family.
The two step sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their mother
gave them many handsome dresses to wear
Complication
One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that the king’s son was
going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time
choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away
went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had left.
“Why are crying, Cinderella?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy
godmother standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” said
Cinderella. “Well” said the godmother,”you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking,
uncomplaining girl that I am going to see that you do go to the ball”.
Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a
coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s raged dress with her
wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass
slippers. “Now, Cinderella”, she said; “You must leave before midnight”. Then away
she drove in her beautiful coach.
Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the
king’s son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as
quickly as she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind.
Resolution
A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet
fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for
them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page
let Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the
slipper on. It fitted perfectly.
Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again.
They were married and live happily ever after.
Coda
each person must have a problem, faced with the patient and steadfast

4. Legend
The Legend of Prambanan Temple

Generic structure
 Story
Orientation
Once, there was a beautiful Javanese princess whose name was Rara Jonggrang. Rara
Jonggrang whose beauty was very famous in the land was the daughter of Prabu Baka,
and evil king.
One day, a handsome young man with super natural power named Bandung
Bondowoso defatted and killed Prabu Baka. On seeing Princess Rara Jonggrang’s
beauty, Bandung Bondowoso fell in love wither and wantted to marry her.
Complication
Meanwhile, Princess Rara jonggrang felt sad due to her death father. She did not want
to marry Bandung because he had killed her father. But she was also afraid of
Bandung. So to refuse politely, she made a condition. "I will marry you but you have
to build one thousand temples in one night as a wedding gift" requested Rara
Jonggrang. Bandung Bondowoso agreed with the condition. Helped by the spirit of the
demons, Bandung Bondowoso started building the temples. Approaching midnight,
the work would nearly be done. Rara Jonggrang knew and thought, "What shall I do?
Bandung Bondowoso is smarter than I. I would lose against Bandung."
Resolution
Suddenly she got an idea. She woke up all the women in the palace and ordered them
to make the noisy sounds of grinding rice so that the rooster thought at had already
been dawn. Bandung Bondowoso got frustrated because he failed completing the
thousandth temple.
"The Princess has deceived me!" Following his anger, he cursed Roro Jonggrang, "You
have been cheated. Now, the thousandth temple is you!"
At once, the Princess turned into a statue. knowing this, Bandung Bondowoso
regretted and he went away into a farm land. From then people called the temple
Prambanan Temple and the Princess statue Rara Jonggrang statue.
Coda
we should not do sneaky, because all the bad deeds will surely reply with bad anyway.
 Chapter III
Closing

A. Conclusions
Narrative text is a kind of genre that the series of events or stories from time to time
and described in the order beginning, middle and end. Narrative text has some kind,
and also has a generic structure. Narrative text is usually a fairy tale animals or
humans. The hallmark of the narrative text is a sequential story from beginning to
end.

B. Suggestions
Narrative text is the story sequence, so if you want to make the narrative text of the
story you want to be discussed at the start of the early events of a story to the end of
a story.