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Electrostatics
1. How a charge is developed on a neutral body?
A charge can be developed on a neutral body by three ways: by friction,
by conduction and by induction. By Friction: When two uncharged
objects are rubbed together then some of the electron from one object
move onto the other object. The one which gains electron gets negative
charge and other becomes positive. By Conduction: When a charged
object touches a neutral object, then the charge travels to the neutral
one. Similarly in Induction, charge is redistributed on a neutral body due
to the presence of charged body nearby it.
2. How an insulator can be charged by electrostatic induction?
By electrostatic induction, an insulator is
charged by bringing a charged body nearby it.
Suppose we have a negatively charged rod
which is brought near a neutral sphere.
These causes the electrical charges to be
redistributed in the sphere in such a way that
its one side – side facing the negatively charged rod – have an excess of
positive charge and the other one have negative charge.
3. Why a metal chain is hung at the rare end of fuel tankers?
Fuel tankers carry flammable fuel, which means if a spark gets to it, it
can catch on fire. The fuel tankers are vulnerable to sparks due to the
friction between the tyres of the moving containers and ground.
Therefore, to keep an electric charge from building up, a metal chain is
hung at the rare end to provide grounding, due to which it flows into the
ground.
4. Draw electric field lines to represent a uniform electric
field.
A uniform electric field is the one in which all
the field lines are parallel to one another and
evenly spaced.
5. Do electrostatic forces obey newton’s third law of
motion? 1
12. When you take off a pullover over nylon shirt there is a crackling sound. Why does
this happen so?
It happens because of static electricity. Due to friction, charge is
developed over nylon shirt, and while taking the shirt off, the charge on
the shirt is discharged, electrons jump from one orbital level to another
which produces crackling sound along with a spark (photon) which can
be observed in darkness.