CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2018

Turning Effect of Forces

Short questions answers.

1. In the figure (an inclined plane at the book) why does the body comes down towards
the ground although he is not exerting any force?

In the given figure, body comes down without any external force due to the
force of attraction exerted on the body by the earth.
2. What is the angle at which both x-component and y-component of a force are equal?

When θ = 45°, then the x-component and y-component become equal.

We know that
Fx = Fcosθ
= Fcos45°
= F(0.707) ………………………….(a)
Fy = Fsinθ
= Fsin45°
= F(0.707) ……………………….(b)
From equation (a) & (b), it’s clear that both components give the same
value when θ = 45°.
3. Why does a helicopter has a second rotor on its tail?

When a helicopter’s main blade rotates, it basically does an action at the

main body of helicopter in the shape of torque. As a reaction, main body
tries to spin in the direction opposite to the rotation of main blade.
(Newton’s Third Law). To prevent this kind of spinning of the main body, a
second rotor is provided on its tail.
4. Describe the process to find the center of gravity of a irregular shaped body?

Center of gravity of an irregular shaped body can be found out by using

Plumb Line. To do so, just hang the plumb line from each vertex of a given
body and trace the plumb line’s string paths. After working on all vertices,
remove the plumb line and see the traced path, you would see a point
1
where all those paths are intersecting each other. This point is called the
center of gravity of that body.

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 CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2018

5. Give an example of a case when resultant force on a body is zero but resultant torque
is not zero.

Couple is a special case of torque where resultant force is zero but torque
(turning effect) is not zero. As an example, when a driver applies forces on a
steering using his both hands, then he/she is actually applying two forces
that are opposite in direction, equal magnitude and have different line of
action and we know that that sum of two forces are opposite in direction
and of equal magnitude is always zero, (180°), yet the steering rotates
which means torque was never zero.

6. Explain in the following figure which of the following represents neutral equilibrium
and why?

(C) represents neutral equilibrium because when it is disturbed, its position

of center of gravity never changes, i.e. it never raises nor lowered.

7. If only first condition of equilibrium of satisfied, then explain why does it not ensure
complete equilibrium of a body?

When the first condition of equilibrium is satisfied then the net force acting
on the body is zero but it does not mean that the net torque is zero. A body
is in complete equilibrium when both the net force and net torque acting
on a body are zero. In other words, both conditions of equilibrium must be
satisfied to be in complete equilibrium.
7. In the figure (given at the book), can 100kg and 5kg balance each other? If yes, then
explain how?

Off course, 100kg and 5kg can balance each other if we could equalize their
2
moments about the same pivot. By reducing the moment arm of 100kg
mass and increasing the moment arm of 5kg mass about the same pivot, we

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 CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2018

can equalize the moments of the both objects. In this way, 5kg object
balance 100kg one.
8. Why does the height of a racing car is kept small?

Height of the racing car is kept small to increase its stability. And body is in
more stabilized form when its center of gravity is nearer to earth, therefore,
to keep the center of gravity of a racing car low and close to the ground,
height of a racing car is kept small. In figure given below, we can see car
having lower center of gravity is more stable and will not topple over (fall
sideway).

9. Why torque is zero when force is applied at a point that passes through a pivot
point?

When a force is applied that passes through the pivot point then the torque
is zero because moment arm (perpendicular distance from the line of action
to the pivot point) is zero. , if r = 0, then clearly, ῖ = 0.

10. How is it possible to balance a body at a single point? Explain in term of center of
gravity.

We can balance a body at a single point by applying a force at a point called

center of gravity where the net weight of that object acts. As we know
weight acts downward, therefore, if we apply an upward force at this point
which is equal in magnitude to weight but opposite in direction, then in
such a way, we can balance a body at a single point. We can see in the
figure where we’ve balanced the hammer at its center of gravity.
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 CAD Paniola Azad Kashmir 2018

11. Two forces are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction and having same line of
action are acting on a body. Will they produce a couple? Explain.

Two forces of equal in magnitude, opposite in direction and have same line
of action can never produce a couple because for couple to be produced,
two forces must always act through some distance, i.e. they need to have
different lines of action.

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