1.

Rebar section for slab As (cm2/m)

Bar Diameter of Rebar ø (mm) Number of

spacing rebar
6 8 10 12 14 16 20 25 28
S (cm) per (m)
5.0 5.66 10.06 15.70 22.60 30.80 40.20 62.80 98.20 20
5.5 5.15 9.15 14.27 20.55 28.00 36.55 57.09 89.27 19
6.0 4.72 8.38 13.08 18.83 25.67 33.50 52.33 81.83 102.67 17
6.5 4.35 7.74 12.08 17.38 23.69 30.92 48.31 75.54 94.77 16
7.0 4.04 7.19 11.21 16.14 22.00 28.71 44.86 70.14 88.00 15
7.5 3.77 6.71 10.47 15.07 20.53 26.80 41.87 65.47 82.13 14
8.0 3.54 6.29 9.81 14.13 19.25 25.13 39.25 61.38 77.00 13
8.5 3.33 5.92 9.24 13.29 18.12 23.65 36.94 57.76 72.47 12
9.0 3.14 5.59 8.72 12.56 17.11 22.33 34.89 54.56 68.44 12
9.5 2.98 5.29 8.26 11.89 16.21 21.16 33.05 51.68 64.84 11
10.0 2.83 5.03 7.85 11.30 15.40 20.10 31.40 49.10 61.60 10
10.5 2.70 4.79 7.48 10.76 14.67 19.14 29.90 46.76 58.67 10
11.0 2.57 4.57 7.14 10.27 14.00 18.27 28.55 44.64 56.00 9
11.5 2.46 4.37 6.83 9.83 13.39 17.48 27.30 42.70 53.57 9
12.0 2.36 4.19 6.54 9.42 12.83 16.75 26.17 40.92 51.33 9
12.5 2.26 4.02 6.28 9.04 12.32 16.08 25.12 39.28 49.28 8
13.0 2.18 3.87 6.04 8.69 11.85 15.46 24.15 37.77 47.38 8
13.5 2.10 3.73 5.81 8.37 11.41 14.89 23.26 36.37 45.63 8
14.0 2.02 3.59 5.61 8.07 11.00 14.36 22.43 35.07 44.00 8
14.5 1.95 3.47 5.41 7.79 10.62 13.86 21.66 33.86 42.48 7
15.0 1.89 3.35 5.23 7.53 10.27 13.40 20.93 32.73 41.07 7
15.5 1.83 3.25 5.06 7.29 9.94 12.97 20.26 31.68 39.74 7
16.0 1.77 3.14 4.91 7.06 9.63 12.56 19.63 30.69 38.50 7
16.5 1.72 3.05 4.76 6.85 9.33 12.18 19.03 29.76 37.33 7
17.0 1.66 2.96 4.62 6.65 9.06 11.82 18.47 28.88 36.24 6
17.5 1.62 2.87 4.49 6.46 8.80 11.49 17.94 28.06 35.20 6
18.0 1.57 2.79 4.36 6.28 8.56 11.17 17.44 27.28 34.22 6
18.5 1.53 2.72 4.24 6.11 8.32 10.86 16.97 26.54 33.30 6
19.0 1.49 2.65 4.13 5.95 8.11 10.58 16.53 25.84 32.42 6
19.5 1.45 2.58 4.03 5.79 7.90 10.31 16.10 25.18 31.59 6
20.0 1.42 2.52 3.93 5.65 7.70 10.05 15.70 24.55 30.80 5
20.5 1.38 2.45 3.83 5.51 7.51 9.80 15.32 23.95 30.05 5
21.0 1.35 2.40 3.74 5.38 7.33 9.57 14.95 23.38 29.33 5
21.5 1.32 2.34 3.65 5.26 7.16 9.35 14.60 22.84 28.65 5
22.0 1.29 2.29 3.57 5.14 7.00 9.14 14.27 22.32 28.00 5
22.5 1.26 2.24 3.49 5.02 6.84 8.93 13.96 21.82 27.38 5
23.0 1.23 2.19 3.41 4.91 6.70 8.74 13.65 21.35 26.78 5
23.5 1.20 2.14 3.34 4.81 6.55 8.55 13.36 20.89 26.21 5
24.0 1.18 2.10 3.27 4.71 6.42 8.38 13.08 20.46 25.67 5
24.5 1.16 2.05 3.20 4.61 6.29 8.20 12.82 20.04 25.14 5
25.0 1.13 2.01 3.14 4.52 6.16 8.04 12.56 19.64 24.64 4
 2. Dimension and Weight of rebar

Grade SD240 SD390

Diameter ø
6 8 10 12 14 16 20 25 28 32
(mm)
Area As (cm²) 0.283 0.503 0.785 1.13 1.54 2.01 3.14 4.91 6.16 8.04
Weight G
0.222 0.395 0.617 0.888 1.21 1.58 2.47 3.85 4.83 6.31
(kg/m)

3. Rebar section for Beam As (cm2)

Diameter Number of rebar

ø (mm) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
6 0.283 0.566 0.849 1.132 1.415 1.698 1.981 2.264 2.547 2.83 3.113 3.396
8 0.503 1.006 1.509 2.012 2.515 3.018 3.521 4.024 4.527 5.03 5.533 6.036
10 0.785 1.57 2.355 3.14 3.925 4.71 5.495 6.28 7.065 7.85 8.635 9.42
12 1.13 2.26 3.39 4.52 5.65 6.78 7.91 9.04 10.17 11.3 12.43 13.56
14 1.54 3.08 4.62 6.16 7.7 9.24 10.78 12.32 13.86 15.4 16.94 18.48
16 2.01 4.02 6.03 8.04 10.05 12.06 14.07 16.08 18.09 20.1 22.11 24.12
20 3.14 6.28 9.42 12.56 15.7 18.84 21.98 25.12 28.26 31.4 34.54 37.68
25 4.91 9.82 14.73 19.64 24.55 29.46 34.37 39.28 44.19 49.1 54.01 58.92
28 6.16 12.32 18.48 24.64 30.8 36.96 43.12 49.28 55.44 61.6 67.76 73.92
32 8.04 16.08 24.12 32.16 40.2 48.24 56.28 64.32 72.36 80.4 88.44 96.48

- Maximum rebar in width of beam

Width of beam Diameter of main bar ø (mm)

b (cm) 10 12 14 16 20 25 28
10 1 1 1 1 1 1
15 3 3 3 3 2 2 1
20 5 4 4 4 3 3 2
25 6 6 6 5 4 4 3
30 8 8 7 7 5 5 4
35 10 9 9 8 6 6 5
40 11 11 10 9 7 7 6
45 13 12 12 11 8 8 7
50 15 14 13 12 9 9 8
55 16 15 14 14 10 10 8
60 18 17 16 15 11 11 9
Diameter of
shear Фs ≤ 8 Фs ≤ 10 Фs ≤ 12 Фs ≤ 16
reinf. Фs(mm)
 4. Shear reinforcement

Rebar section for shear reinforcement ast (cm2/m)

Diameter Spacing of 2 bar (cm)

(mm) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 25
6 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.3 4 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.1 3 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.3
8 10.1 9.1 8.4 7.7 7.2 6.7 6.3 5.9 5.6 5.3 5 4.6 4.4 4
10 15.7 14.3 13.1 12.1 11.2 10.5 9.8 9.2 8.7 8.3 7.9 7.1 6.8 6.3
12 22.6 20.6 18.8 17.4 16.2 15.1 14.1 13.3 12.6 11.9 11.3 10.3 9.8 9
14 30.8 28 25.7 23.7 22 20.5 19.2 18.1 17.1 16.2 15.4 14 13.4 12.3
16 40.2 36.6 33.5 30.9 28.7 26.8 25.1 23.7 22.3 21.2 20.1 18.3 17.5 16.1

5. Ultimate bond stress fbd (MPa)

fbd = 2,25 η1 η2 fctd

Where, η1 = 1 for good condition and 0.7 for poor condition

η2 = 1 for both condition

fctd = fctk,0.05 / 1.5

Table for bond stress fbd (MPa)

Bond stress fbd

Class of concrete fctk,0.05 fctd Good Poor
bond condition bond condition
C12/15 1.1 0.73 1.7 1.2
C16/20 1.3 0.87 2.0 1.4
C20/25 1.5 1.00 2.3 1.6
C25/30 1.8 1.20 2.7 1.9
C30/37 2 1.33 3.0 2.1
C35/45 2.2 1.47 3.3 2.3
C40/50 2.5 1.67 3.8 2.6
C45/55 2.7 1.80 4.1 2.8
C50/60 2.9 1.93 4.4 3.0
C55/67 3 2.00 4.5 3.2
C60/75 3.1 2.07 4.7 3.3
C70/85 3.2 2.13 4.8 3.4
C80/95 3.4 2.27 5.1 3.6
C90/105 3.5 2.33 5.3 3.7

6. Anchorage length

6.1. Basic anchorage length

The basic anchorage length lb,rqd , is the length of bar required to resist the maximum
force in the reinforcement.

The required anchorage length shall take into consideration the type of steel and bond
properties of the bars.

  sd
lb,rqd = 
4 f bd

f y
Where, σsd = , (fy = 240MPa for Ф < 10mm, fy = 390MPa for Ф ≥ 10mm
1.15
The table of anchorage length lb,rqd (cm)

Basic anchorage length (cm)

Class of Bond Grade and Diametre of rebar ø (mm)
concrete stress SD240 SD390
6 8 10 12 14 16 20 25 28 32
good 19 25 51 62 72 82 103 128 144 164
C12/15
poor 27 36 73 88 103 117 147 184 206 235
good 16 21 43 52 61 70 87 109 122 139
C16/20
poor 23 31 62 75 87 99 124 155 174 199
good 14 19 38 45 53 60 75 94 106 121
C20/25
poor 20 27 54 65 75 86 108 135 151 172
good 12 15 31 38 44 50 63 79 88 100
C25/30
poor 17 22 45 54 63 72 90 112 126 144
good 10 14 28 34 40 45 57 71 79 90
C30/37
poor 15 20 40 48 57 65 81 101 113 129
good 9 13 26 31 36 41 51 64 72 82
C35/45
poor 14 18 37 44 51 59 73 92 103 117
good 8 11 23 27 32 36 45 57 63 72
C40/50
poor 12 16 32 39 45 52 65 81 90 103
good 8 10 21 25 29 33 42 52 59 67
C45/55
poor 11 15 30 36 42 48 60 75 84 96
good 7 10 19 23 27 31 39 49 55 62
C50/60
poor 10 14 28 33 39 45 56 70 78 89
good 7 9 19 23 26 30 38 47 53 60
C55/67
poor 10 13 27 32 38 43 54 67 75 86
good 7 9 18 22 26 29 36 46 51 58
C60/75
poor 10 13 26 31 36 42 52 65 73 83
good 7 9 18 21 25 28 35 44 49 57
C70/85
poor 9 12 25 30 35 40 50 63 71 81
good 6 8 17 20 23 27 33 42 47 53
C80/95
poor 9 12 24 28 33 38 47 59 66 76
good 6 8 16 19 23 26 32 40 45 52
C90/105
poor 9 11 23 28 32 37 46 58 65 74

6.2. Design anchorage length

The design anchorage length lbd is use to determine curtailment longitudinal

reinforcement in beam.

lbd = α1 α2 α3 α4 α5 lb,rqd ≥ lb,min

Where,

α1 , α2 , α3 , α4, α5 : are coefficient which take amount of, respectively, shape of bar,
concrete cover or spacing between bar, transverse reinforcement not
 welded to the main reinforcement, transverse reinforcement welded to
the main reinforcement, and pressure transverse to the reinforcement.

The product of α1 , α2 , α3 , α4, α5 can conservatively be taken as 1.

lb,min : minimum anchorage length given by,

lb,min = max{0.3 lb,rqd, 10Ф, 100mm} for Anchorage in tension

lb,min = max{0.6 lb,rqd, 10Ф, 100mm} for Anchorage in compression.

For the shape fig. b), c), d), an equivalent anchorage length lb,eq , maybe use where,

lb,eq = α1 lb,rqd

In which: α1 = 1 for straight and curved bar in compression

1 for straight bar in tension

α1 = 
0.7 for curved bar in tension if c d  3 , otherwise  1  1

Where: cd

- Anchorage of link and shear reinforcement

- Minimum diameter of bend, hook and loop

Bar diameter (mm) Minimum mandrel diameter

φ ≤ 16 4φ
φ > 16 7φ
- Concrete cover

The nominal cover to reinforcement cnom , is obtained from the minimum cover cmin ,
by adding an allowance for likely deviation during construction Δcdev .

cnom = cmin + Δcdev

Where, cmin = max {cmin,dur , cmin,b , 10mm}

In which, cmin,dur : values of minimum cover required with regard to durability

for reinforcement steel.
 cmin,b : minimum cover for bond.

cmin,b = diameter of bar, Ф for maximum aggregate size dg ≤ 32mm

cmin,b = Ф + 5mm for maximum aggregate size dg ≥ 32mm

Δcdev : the recommended value for reinforcement concrete is normally

taken as 10mm.

If diameter of bar, Ф ≤ 10

cmin = cmin,dur et cnom = cmin,dur + Δcdev

Exposure class
Concrete cover
X0 XC1 XC2/XC3 XC4 XD1/XS1 XD2/XS2 XD3/XS3
cmin,dur (mm) 10 10 20 25 40 40 40
cmin (mm) 10 10 20 25 40 40 40
Cnom (mm) 20 20 30 35 50 50 50
If diameter of bar, Ф ≥ 10mm

cmin = max {cmin,dur , cmin,b } et cnom = max {cmin,dur , cmin,b } + Δcdev

Concrete Exposure class

cover X0 XC1 XC2/XC3 XC4 XD1,XD2,XD3 XS1,XS2,XS3
cmin,dur(mm) 10 10 20 25 40 40
diameter(mm)
12 12 12 20 25 40 40
14 14 14 20 25 40 40
cmin(mm) 16 16 16 20 25 40 40
20 20 20 20 25 40 40
25 25 25 25 25 40 40
28 28 28 28 28 40 40
diameter(mm)
12 22 22 30 35 50 50
14 24 24 30 35 50 50
cnom(mm) 16 26 26 30 35 50 50
20 30 30 30 35 50 50
25 35 35 35 35 50 50
28 38 38 38 38 50 50

This table is based on advice in Schneider book gives for particular exposure
class a summary of the minimum concrete quality and minimum cover to reinforcement
necessary to achieve the design life of 50 years for OPC concrete.

Note: see EC-2-1-1, table 4.1 for exposure classes.

 - The anchorage of bottom reinforcement at end support

- The anchorage of bottom reinforcement at intermediate support

7. Lap length

Lap length l0 , is given by

l0 = α1 α2 α3 α5 α6 lb,rqd ≥ l0,min

Where, lb,rqd : anchorage length

l0,min: minimum lap length

l0,min = {0.6 α6 lb,rqd , 10Ф, 200mm}, 1< α6 = (ρ1/25)0.5 <1.5

In which, ρ1: percentage of reinforcement lapped within 0.65 l0 from the

center of the lap length considered.

The table below show the compression and tension lap lengths l0 (cm) that apply
to good bond condition, grade of rebar 240 MPa and 390MPa and the bar size φ ≤ 32mm.
where the bond condition are poor the values in table should be divided by 0,7 and where
the bar diameter φ ≥ 32mm the values should be divided by [(132 - φ)/100].
 Grade diameter Class of concrete
[%] α6
[MPa] [mm] C12/15 C16/20 C20/25 C25/30 C30/37 C35/45 C40/50 C45/55 C50/60 C55/67 C60/75 C70/85
c 1.0 19 16 14 12 10 9 8 8 7 7 7 7
6 t < 33% 1.2 23 19 17 14 13 11 10 9 9 8 8 8
t > 33% 1.4 27 22 19 16 15 13 12 11 10 10 9 9
SD240
c 1.0 25 21 19 15 14 13 11 10 10 9 9 9
8 t < 33% 1.2 30 26 22 19 17 15 13 12 12 11 11 10
t > 33% 1.4 35 30 26 22 19 18 16 14 13 13 13 12
c 1.0 51 43 38 31 28 26 23 21 19 19 18 18
10 t < 33% 1.2 62 52 45 38 34 31 27 25 23 23 22 21
t > 33% 1.4 72 61 53 44 40 36 32 29 27 26 26 25
c 1.0 62 52 45 38 34 31 27 25 23 23 22 21
12 t < 33% 1.2 74 63 54 45 41 37 33 30 28 27 26 25
t > 33% 1.4 86 73 63 53 47 43 38 35 33 32 31 30
c 1.0 72 61 53 44 40 36 32 29 27 26 26 25
14 t < 33% 1.2 86 73 63 53 47 43 38 35 33 32 31 30
t > 33% 1.4 101 85 74 62 55 50 44 41 38 37 36 35
c 1.0 82 70 60 50 45 41 36 33 31 30 29 28
16 t < 33% 1.4 115 97 84 70 63 58 51 47 44 42 41 40
t > 33% 2.0 164 139 121 100 90 82 72 67 62 60 58 57
SD390
c 1.0 103 87 75 63 57 51 45 42 39 38 36 35
20 t < 33% 1.4 144 122 106 88 79 72 63 59 55 53 51 49
t > 33% 2.0 206 174 151 126 113 103 90 84 78 75 73 71
c 1.0 128 109 94 79 71 64 57 52 49 47 46 44
25 t < 33% 1.4 180 152 132 110 99 90 79 73 68 66 64 62
t > 33% 2.0 257 217 188 157 141 128 113 105 97 94 91 88
c 1.0 144 122 106 88 79 72 63 59 55 53 51 49
28 t < 33% 1.4 201 170 148 123 111 101 89 82 76 74 71 69
t > 33% 2.0 288 243 211 176 158 144 127 117 109 106 102 99
c 1.0 164 139 121 100 90 82 72 67 62 60 58 57
32 t < 33% 1.4 230 195 169 141 127 115 101 94 87 84 82 79
t > 33% 2.0 460 390 338 281 253 230 203 188 175 169 163 158
lo = α6 * lbd,qrd
c = compression
t = tension