3203 - American English File 2B(Second Edition) - Vocabulary Unit 7A + Vocabulary Bank on page 158

Term Definition Example

advice an opinion that someone gives you about the best thing
to do in a particular situation.
controversial causing disagreement or discussion.
Do you think the advice in the article would be good for people in your
country?
Be yourself, and don't be a "yes" man. If they ask you for your opinion, be
honest. However, try not to talk about controversial subjects- this is not the
moment to give your views on religion or politics!

flea market a market where old things are sold at low prices. Make sure you dress to make the right impression. Don't wear a suit, but don't
just wear your old jeans and the Che Guevara T-shirt you bought at the flea
market.

greeting something polite or friendly that you say or do when you Ask your girlfriend what kind of greetingher mom will prefer.
meet someone.

handshake the act of shaking someone’s hand, for example as a When they greet you at the door shake the father's hand firmly (no father likes
greeting. a weak handshake!)

meal an occasion when you eat, especially breakfast, lunch, Offer to do the dishes after the meal (to show them that you are helpful).
or dinner.
on your own alone. Do you think it's possible to learn a foreign language studying on your own at
home?
smart intelligent; clever; sensible. This is a smart tactic!

stressful involving or causing a lot of pressure or worry.
suit a set of clothes made of the same material, usually
including a jacket with trousers or a skirt.
tactic a method that you use to achieve something.
How to survive meeting your girlfriend's parents for the first time? It's stressful,
but these top tips can help you to get it.
Make sure you dress to make the right impression. Don't wear a suit, but don't
just wear your old jeans and the Che Guevara T-shirt you bought at the flea
market.
This is a smart tactic!

tire a thick rubber ring that fits around the wheel of a car, Do you know how to change a tire on a car?
bicycle etc.
to (not mind) if you do not mind what someone does or what happens, I don't mind doing the ironing. It's very relaxing.
you do not have a strong opinion about it; o be willing to
do something.
to die( died-dying) to stop being alive; to stop existing. If the conversation is dying and you can't think of what to say, ask them what
your partner was like as a child.

to do the dishes the plates, pans etc that have to be washed after Offer to do the dishes after the meal (to show them that you are helpful).
preparing and serving a meal.

Prepared by Mónica Lipari_Spring 2016

to do the ironing the job of making clothes smooth with an iron. I don't mind doing the ironing. It's very relaxing.

to feel like to want something, or to want to do something I don't feel like cooking today. Let's go out for lunch.

to give your views to express what you think or believe about something Try not to talk about controversial subjects - this isn't the moment to give your
(your opinion). views on religion and politics!
to go on continue I want to go on working until I'm 60.

to greet to behave in a polite or friendly way towards someone When they greet you at the door shake the father's hand firmly (no father likes
when you meet them. a weak handshake!)

to make a good impression to produce a positive effect. Can you think of at least four tips on how to make a goos impression on your
first day in your English class?

to make sure to check something so that you can be sure about it Make sure you dress to make the right impression. Don't wear a suit, but don't
just wear your old jeans and the Che Guevara T-shirt you bought at the flea
market.
to pretend to behave in a particular way because you want He pretended to be sick, but he wasn't really; Have you ever pretended to be
someone to believe that something is true when it is not. sick when you weren't?

to shake hands to hold someone’s hand and move it up and down When they greet you at the door shake the father's hand firmly (no father likes
several times as a way of greeting them or of showing a weak handshake!)
that you agree to something.
to spend (time) to use time doing a particular thing or pass time in a She spends hours talking on the phone.
particular place.
to spend (money) to give money as a payment for something. How much did you spend?
to survive to manage to deal with something difficult or unpleasant. How to survive meeting your girlfriend's parents for the first time? It's stressful,
but these top tips can help you to get it.

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 3203 - American English File 2B - Vocabulary Unit 7B + Vocabulary Bank page 158
Term Definition Example
baggage the suitcases, bags etc in which you carry your Happiness is seeing my suitcase come out first at baggage-claim at the
possessions when you travel. airport.
baggage-claim (area) the place at an airport where you collect your cases and Happiness is seeing my suitcase come out first at baggage-claim at the
bags after a flight. airport.
bargain something you buy that costs much less than normal. Happiness is finding a real bargain on sale.

breathing the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and Singing well is 95% breathing.
releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation.
cheaply inexpensively; in an inexpensive manner. I'm still wearing a Prada jacket that I bought incredibly cheaply at a sale ten
years ago.
choir a group of singers who perform together, for example in Do you ever sing in a choir or band?
a church or school.
fridge (refrigerator) a piece of equipment that is used for storing food at low II love using leftovers in the fridge.
temperatures.
happiness the state of being happy. Happiness is sitting on the sofa on a winter evening with a box of chocolates,
watching a feel-good movie.
incredibly extremely, unbelievably. I'm still wearing a Prada jacket that I bought incredibly cheaply at a sale ten
years ago.
leftovers the food that remains at the end of a meal after you have I love using leftovers in the fridge.
finished eating.
magical full of a mysterious quality that is enjoyable or attractive; There's something magical about making something delicious out of nothing.
involving magic or the use of magic.
pound a unit for measuring weight, used in several countries Happiness is getting on a scale - and seeing that I've lost a pound eventhough
including the US and the UK, containing 16 ounces and I had a big meal the day before.
scale equal to 0.454
a machine kilograms.
for weighing Its written
people abbreviation is lb.
or objects. Happiness is getting on a scale - and seeing that I've lost a pound eventhough
I had a big meal the day before.
soup a liquid food that is made by cooking meat, fish, Happiness is making soup.
vegetables etc with water or milk.
suitcase a large container with flat sides and a handle used for Happiness is seeing my suitcase come out first at baggage-claim at the
carrying clothes and other things when you travel. airport.
to breathe to take air into your lungs through your nose or mouth At first the students learned to listen and breathe.
and let it out again.
to stand to be in a vertical state. When you are learning to sing you need to stand correctly.

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 3203 - American English File 2B - Vocabulary Unit 7C
Term Definition Example
a little bit Slightly. We only use a little bit before negative English pronunciation is a little bit difficult for me; The traffic is moving a little
adjectives and adverbs. bit slowly at the moment.
beginner a person who is starting to do something or learn I was a complete beginner, but I soon found that some Spanish words are
something for the first time. very similar to English words.

bill a written statement showing how much money you owe The bill was six dollars,
someone for goods or services you have received.
fairly neither a lot nor a little; to some degree, but not English pronunciation is fairly difficult.
completely or extremely.

fees money that you pay to a professional person or Course fees to be paid in advance.
institution for their work.
fort a strong building, often with a high wall around it, used The driver understood the name of the fort.
by soldiers for defending a place.

phrase book a small book that contains useful words and phrases in a You can't use a dictionary or phrase book.
particular foreign language, used especially by tourists.
reputation the opinion that people have about how good or how What reputation do Americans have?
bad someone or something is.
score to achieve a particular amount, level etc in a test Max's final score was eight.

to ask for directions to speak or write to someone because you want them to You have to ask for directions on the street and follow them.
give you information to get to a place, address, etc.
to be bad at doing unable to do something well. Americans have a reputation for being bad at learning languages, but is it
something really true?
to be good (bad) at doing able to do something well. Do you think people from your country are good at learning languages?
something

to expect to think that it is right or reasonable that something If I go, I don't want to be the typical American who expects everyone else to
should happen. speak English.
to improve to make something better. Have you ever used an app or website to improve your English? Which one?

to mime to pretend to sing, play or say something without You can't use your hands or mime or write anything down.
making any sound .
to order to ask for something to be made, supplied or delivered , I think I could order a drink and a sandwich fairly well in English.
especially in a restaurant or shop.

to survive to continue to exist, especially in a difficult or dangerous I will survive (in Spanish) or will I?
situation.

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 3203 - American English File 2B - Vocabulary Unit 8B + Vocabulary bank page 160
Term Definition
blizzard a severe snow storm with strong winds.

cyclone a very strong wind that moves in a circle.

delayed happening at a later time than expected or intended.

earthquake when the ground suddenly shakes very strongly.

flood when there is too much water in a river and it comes

onto the streets or yards.

forest fire a big fire that can destroy many trees and houses.

gadgets a small tool or piece of equipment that does something

useful or impressive.
glove a piece of clothing which is worn on the hand and wrist
for warmth or protection, with separate parts for each
finger.
ground the surface of the Earth.

monsoon the season of heavy rain during the summer in hot Asian
countries. It rains very heavily for three months or more.

Murphy's law It's a law which says "if there is something that can go
wrong, it will go wrong".

safety a safe way of behaving or using something.

storm an occasion when a lot of rain falls very quickly, often

with very strong winds or thunder and lightning.
surprisingly unexpectedly or in a way that is unusual.

to check in the process of reporting your arrival at an airport, hotel,

hospital etc.
to get a reputation to receive respect or admiration from the people, based
on past behaviour or character.

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to improve to make something better, or to become better.

to spill (spilt-spilt) to accidentally pour a liquid out of its container.

to strike - struck- struck
to suffer (from)
to cause a person or place to suffer severely from the
effects of something very unpleasant that happens
suddenly.
to experience or show the effects of something bad; to
experience physical or mental pain.

tsunami a very large wave in the ocean.

CONFUSING VERBS

Verb 1 Verb 2
to bring (brought- brought) to take (took- taken) to
to take or carry someone or move something or someone from one place to another.
something to a place or a Ex: an umbrella, your children to school.
person, or in the direction of the
person speaking. Ex: your
dictionary; something back from
your vacation.

to hope (hoped- hoped) to to wait (waited- waited) +for

want that something good will to stay in one place because you expect or hope that
happen or to do something, and something will happen. Example: wait for a bus, for a
usually have a good reason to long time.
think that it might.
to know (knew- known) to to meet (met- met) to
have information and somebody see and speak to someone for the first time, or at a
or something well specific time.
to lend (lent- lent) to to borrow (borrowed- borrowed) + from
give something to someone for a to get or receive something from someone with the
short period of time, expecting it intention of giving it back after a period of time. Ex:
to be given back . Ex: money to money from somebody.
somebody.

Prepared by Mónica Lipari / 2018

to look (looked- looked) + to look (looked- looked) + like (+noun)
adjective or an age. to be similar to. Ex: you look like your mother.
appear or seem . Ex: happy,
about 25 years old.
to look (looked- looked) + for to find (found- found) to
to try to find something. Ex: your discover something, or to see where it is by searching
glasses; a job. for it. Ex: your glasses; a job.

to miss (missed- missed) to lose (lost- lost) to no

to fail to do or experience
something, often something
planned or expected, or to avoid
doing or experiencing
something. Ex: the bus, a class.
longer have something because you do not know where
it is, or because it has been taken away from you . Ex: a
game, your glasses.

to say (said- said) to tell (told- told) to

to express something using give information to someone. Ex: a joke; a lie; somebody
words. Ex: sorry; hello; something.
something to somebody.
to watch (watched- watched) to look (looked- looked) + at to
to look at something for a period direct your eyes in order to see. Ex: photo, your watch.
of time, especially something
that is changing or moving. Ex:
TV or a game.

to wear (wore-worn) to to carry (carried- carried)

have jewelry,clothes on your
body.
to win (won- won)
get a prize, medal, etc., in a
competition or game.
to transport or take something from one place to
another.
to to earn (earned- earned) to
receive money as payment for work that you do.

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Vocabulary Unit 8B + Vocabulary bank page 160
Example
We once got stuck in a blizzard for six hours.

The cyclones of the China Sea also occur in the hot months of the year.

If you get to the airport early, your flight will be delayed.

In 1906 an earthquake destroyed much of San Francisco.

After the flood it took weeks for the water level to go down.

They decided not to stay in Bali, but to go to Australia. They flew to Perth in
western Australia, but hours after they arrived, Perth sufferef terrible forest
fires, and the streets were full of smoke.
What gadgets do you always take with you when you go on vacation?

If you lose a glove and buy a new pair, you will soon find the other.

an earthquake is a sudden violent movement when the ground suddenly

shakes very strongly.
When they arrived in Balit hey were expecting blue skies and sun, but what
they got were terrible monsoon rains.

Murphy's Law took its name from Captain Edward Murphy, an american
aerospace engineer from the 1940s.

Murphy was trying to improve safety for pilots flying military planes.

A lot of trees came down in the storm.

Not surprisingly, he got a reputation for always thinking of the worst thing that
could happen in every situation.

If you are in a check-in line and you change to another line that is moving
more quickly, what will happen? The line you were in before will suddenly star
moving faster.
Not surprisingly, he got a reputation for always thinking of the worst thing that
could happen in every situation.

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 Murphy was trying to improve safety for pilots flying military planes.

If you wear a new white shirt or dress, you will spill coffee on it.

What were they doing when the Japanese earthquake struck?

She's been suffering from cancer for two years.

They were having lunch in a restaurant in Tokyo when suddenly everything

began to shake. It was one of the worst earthquakes that ever hit Japan. And
after the earthquake came a devastating tsunami.

NFUSING VERBS

Example
What gadgets do you always take with you when you go on vacation?
Is it okay if I bring a friend to the party?

If you stop waiting for a bus and start walking, the bus will come.
I hope to pass all my exams this semester.

What is the best way to meet new friends?

"Where did he go?" "I don't know."

He borrowed a novel from the library.

All right, I'll lend you the money.

Prepared by Mónica Lipari / 2018

Who do you look like in your family?
Those gloves look nice and warm.

I couldn't find Andrew's telephone number.

He was looking for work as a geologist.

How many classes have you missed this year?

He's always losing his car keys.

Is it sometimes OK to tell lies? She

said goodbye to all her friends and left.

He spent the whole afternoon watching TV. They

looked at the picture and laughed.

If you wear a new white shirt or dress, you will spill coffee on it.
These books are too heavy for me to carry.

Do you think sports people earn too much money?

Which year was it that Italy won the World Cup?

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 3203 - American English File 2B - Vocabulary Unit 9A + Vocabulary bank page 161
Term Definition Example
above in or to a higher position than something else. I would tie something, e..g., a scarf on my leg above the bite.

aggressive behaving in an angry and violent way towards another What would you do if a large aggressive dog ran toward you?
person.
backward moving or looking in the direction that is behind you. I would put my hands in my pockets and walk slowly backward.

bat a small animal that flies at night and looks like a mouse What would you do if a bird or a bat flew into your bedroom?
with large wings.
bathtub a bath for washing yourself in. What would you do if you saw a large spider in the bathtub?

bee a yellow and black flying insect that makes honey and What would you do if you were driving and a bee flew into the car?
can sting you.
bite a sore place or injury where an animal or insect has I would suck the bite to get the poison out.
bitten you.
bull an adult male of the cattle family. What would you do if you were in the middle of a field and a bull started
running toward you?
butterfly a type of insect with large often brightly coloured wings. These flowers are brightly coloured in order to attract butterflies.

cartoon a drawing, especially in a newspaper or magazine, that What's your favorite cartoon animal?
tells a joke or makes a humorous political criticism.

field an area of land used for keeping animals or growing What would you do if you were in the middle of a field and a bull started to
food. running toward you?

furcoat a coat made of the thick hair that covers the bodies of What would you do if someone offered to buy you a fur coat?
some animals.
goat an animal similar to a sheep but with longer legs and a What would you do if you went to somebody's house for dinner and he or she
thinner coat. gave you goat meat?
jellyfish a soft round sea animal that you can see through. Many What would you do if you were in the ocean and a jellyfish stung you?
types of jellyfish sting you if you touch them.

poison a substance that can kill you or make you ill if you eat, I would suck the bite to get the poison out.
drink, or breathe it.
poisonous containing poison. What would you do if a poisonous snake bit you on the leg and you were more
than 30 minutes from the nearest town?
quietly with little or no sound;with little or no activity or no I would swim to the shore as quickly and quietly as possible.
agitation.

Prepared by Mónica Lipari / 2018

scarf a piece of cloth that you wear round your neck or head
to keep warm or to make yourself look nice.
shark a large fish with sharp teeth that lives in the sea. Some
types of shark attack people.
shore the land that is on the edge of a lake, river, or sea.
I would tie something, e..g., a scarf on my leg above the bite.
What would you do if you were in the ocean near the shore and saw a shark?
What would you do if you were in the ocean near the shore and saw a shark?

snake a long thin animal with no legs and a smooth skin. Some What would you do if a poisonous snake bit you on the leg and you were more
snakes have a poisonous bite that can kill. than 30 minutes from the nearest town?

spider a small creature with eight legs that usually weaves a What would you do if you saw a large spider in the bathtub?
web to catch insects.
sting (noun) a sudden burning pain in your eyes, on your skin, etc., or I would rub the sting with a towel to clean it.
the ability to cause such pain.

suddenly quickly and unexpectedly. He was swimming in the river when suddenly a poisonous snake bit him on
the leg.

to bite (bit- bit)
to float (floated- floated)
to fly (flew- flown)
to keep still (kept- kept)
to rub (rubbed- rubbed)
to shout (shouted-
shouted)
to sting (stung- stung)
to suck (suck- suck)
to throw (threw- thrown)
if a snake or insect bites you, it makes a small hole in
your skin.
to rest or move slowly on the surface of a liquid and not
sink.
to use wings to move through the air.
to stay in the same position; not moving.
to press and move your hands or an object over a
surface.
to say something in a loud voice.
if an insect or an animal stings you, it hurts you by
sticking a sharp part of its body into your skin.
to pull liquid into your mouth by using the muscles in
your cheeks and tongue.
to use your hand to send an object through the air.
What would you do If a poisonous snake bit you on the leg, and you were
more than 30 minutes from the nearest town?
I would float and pretend to be dead.
What would you do if you were driving and a bee flew into the car?
I would keep completely still and look at it in its eyes.
I would rub the sting with a towel to clean it.
I would shout "down" at it several times.
What would you do if you were in the ocean and a jellyfish stung you?
I would suck the bite to get the poison out
I would throw something (e.g. a hat or a bag) in another direction.

to tie (tied- tied) to fasten something in a particular place using I would tie something, e..g., a scarf on my leg above the bite.
something such as rope.
to wave (waved- waved) a movement of your hand used for saying hello or I would wave my hand to make it go out.
goodbye to someone or for giving a signal.
toward in the direction of. What would you do if a large aggressive dog ran toward you?
whale a very large sea animal that breathes air through a hole International measures have been taken to prevent the extermination of the
on the top of its head. whale .

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 3203 - American English File 2B - Vocabulary Unit 9B
Term Definition Example
acrophobia people who suffer from this phobia are scared of heights. My mother suffers from acrophobia and she gets very nervous if she has to go
up high, for example, on a ski lift or if she is in a balcony on the 20th floor.

agoraphobia These people are frightened of being in open and public Agoraphobia can have a severe effect on sufferers'lives.
spaces like stores and busy streets.
arachnophobia people with this phobia are terrified of spiders. Rupert Grint, the actor who played Ron Weasley in the Harry Potter movies ,
has this phobia, and so does his character Ron.

busy (street) a busy place is very full of people or vehicles and this phobia can have a severe effect on sufferers'lives. These people are
movement. frightened of being in open and public spaces like stores and busy streets.

character a person in a book, play, film etc. Rupert Grint, the actor who played Ron Weasley in the Harry Potter movies ,
has this phobia, and so does his character Ron.
claustrophobia people who suffer from this phobia are afraid of being in I suffer from claustrophobia and therefore I never take the elevator.
closed spaces like elevators or traveling on the subway.

cure a medicine or medical treatment that makes an illness There are different kinds of phobias, and they affect at least a quarter of the
go away. population. But doctors believe that they may soon have a cure.
effective successful, and working in the way that was intended. However, exposure therapy doesn't work for everybody, and doctors think that
the new drug, which causes changes to a part of the brain that is used in
learning and memory, could be used in the future to make this therapy more
effective.

elevator a machine that takes people and goods from one level to I suffer from claustrophobia and therefore I never take the elevator.
another in a building.
exposure therapy a form of behavior therapy in which a survivor confronts However, exposure therapy doesn't work for everybody, and doctors think that
feelings or phobias or anxieties about a traumatic event the new drug, which causes changes to a part of the brain that is used in
and relives it in the therapy situation learning and memory, could be used in the future to make this therapy more
effective.
fear the feeling you get when you are afraid or worried that The most commonly used exposure therapy involves gradually exposing
something bad is going to happen. people to the object or situation that produces the fear.

glossophobia people with this phobia suffer from a fear of public Prince Harry – like an estimated 75% of people – suffers from the fear of
speaking. public speaking known as glossophobia..
heights a place or position that is a long way above the ground. We looked out over the city from the heights of Edinburgh Castle.

phobia a strong unreasonable fear of something. The normal treatment for people with strong phobias is some kind of exposure
therapy.

Prepared by Mónica Lipari / 2018

placebo a harmless substance given to a sick person instead of The people who were given the pill felt much less afraid than those who took a
medicine, without telling them it is not real. placebo.
relaxation a way of resting and enjoying yourself. If you have a dentist phobia, you might first sit in the waiting room of a dentist,
then talk to the dentist, and then sit in the dentist's chair. These exposures are
combined with relaxation techniques.
ski lift a piece of equipment that carries skiers up to the top of My mother suffers from acrophobia and she gets very nervous if she has to go
a slope. up high, for example, on a ski lift or if she is in a balcony on the 20th floor.

speech a formal occasion when someone speaks to an The actor Harrison Ford has been afraid of public speaking all his life. He even
audience. gets nervous when a character in a movie he is making has to make a
speech.
sufferer someone who has a particular problem or disease. Agoraphobia can have a severe effect on sufferers'lives; This spring has been
particularly difficult for allergy sufferers.
therapy a form of treatment for an illness or medical condition. However, exposure therapy doesn't work for everybody, and doctors think that
the new drug, which causes changes to a part of the brain that is used in
learning and memory, could be used in the future to make this therapy more
effective.
to affect (sb.'s life) to do something that produces an effect or change in There are different kinds of phobias, and they affect at least a quarter of the
something or in someone's situation. population. But doctors believe that they may soon have a cure.
to be afraid (of) frightened because you think that you may get hurt or People with this phobia are afraid of being in closed spaces like elevators or
that something bad may happen. traveling on the subway.
to be frightened (of) feeling afraid. This phobia can have a severe effect on sufferers'lives. These people are
frightened of being in open and public spaces like stores and busy streets.

to be scared of feeling or showing fear, especially suddenly. Peopl who suffer from this phobia are scared of heights, and they get very
nervous if they have to go up high, for example on a ski lift or if they are on a
balcony on the 20th floor.
to be terrified (of) very frightened. People with this phobia are terrified of spiders.
to feel panic a sudden strong feeling of fear or nervousness that They often feel panic when they go out and only feel safe at home.
makes you unable to think clearly or behave sensibly.
to feel safe to feel you are not in danger. They often feel panic when they go out and only feel safe at home.
to overcome to successfully control a feeling or problem that prevents They have discovered that a drug, which is given to patients suffering from
you from achieving something. tuberculosis, can also help people to overcome their phobias.
to suffer (from) to experience physical or mental pain. They have discovered that a drug, which is given to patients suffering from
tuberculosis, can also help people to overcome their phobias.
treatment something that is done to cure someone who is injured The normal treatment for people with strong phobias is some kind of exposure
or ill. therapy.

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 3203 - American English File 2B - Vocabulary Unit 9C
Term Definition Example
army the part of a country's military force that is trained to fight Bob Marley's father was a captain in the British army.
on land in a war.
award something such as a prize or money given to someone He has won four Grammy awards for his music, including Best Reggae Album.
to reward them for something they have done.
band a group of musicians, especially a group that plays With his band, the Wailers, he made eleven albums. His most famous songs
popular music. included No Woman, no Cry, Three Little Birds, and I Shot the Sheriff.

fact a piece of information that is known to be true. Look at the five facts about Bob Marley.
to follow in sombedody's to do the same job or to work or live in the same way as His eldest son Ziggy followed in his father's footsteps and is a very respected
footsteps someone else before you, especially someone in your reggae musician.
family.
genuinely really: used for emphasizing a particular quality. Do you think Ziggy and Enrique have been successful because of their last
names or because they are genuinely talented?
homeland the country where someone was born. His music was very influenced by social problems in his homeland, Jamaica.

talented having a natural ability to do something well. Do you think Ziggy and Enrique have been successful because of their last
names or because they are genuinely talented?
to influence to affect the way someone or something develops, His music was very influenced by social problems in his homeland, Jamaica.
behaves, thinks etc without directly forcing or ordering
them.
to be respected admired by many people because of your good work or His eldest son Ziggy followed in his father's footsteps and is a very respected
achievements. reggae musician.
to be successful having the effect or result you intended. Do you think Ziggy and Enrique have been successful because of their last
names or because they are genuinely talented?
to graduate (from) to obtain a degree, especially a first degree, from a Kate graduated from medical school last year.
college or university.
to injure to hurt yourself or someone else, for example in an He injured his foot playing soccer, and he later became sick with cancer.
accident or an attack.
to retire to stop working, usually because you have reached a Most people retire at 65.
certain age.

Prepared by Mónica Lipari / 2018