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FIITJEE Ltd., Ghaziabad Centre, Inspiration Plaza, D -6 & 7 RDC, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Pin-201001 Ph- 0120-2820004
(Neural Control And Coordination)
(iii) External Nuclear Layer. This layer contains the cell bodies and nuclei of rod and cone cells.
(iv) External Plexiform Layer (= Outer Synaptic zone). This layer consists only of nerve fibres that form a plexus
(network). The axons of rods and cones synapse here with dendrites of bipolar neurons. Processes of
horizontal cells also take part in the formation of these synapses.
(v) Internal Nuclear Layer. This layer contains the cell bodies and nuclei of three types of neurons. (a) Bipolar
Neurons (b) Horizontal Neurons and (c) Amacrine cells.
(vi) Internal Plexiform Layer. (= Inner Synaptic Zone). This layer consists of synapsing nerve fibres of bipolar
neurons, ganglion cells and amacrine cells. This layer also contains some horizontally placed internal
plexiform cells and also a few ganglion cells.
(vii) Layer of Ganglion Cells. This layer contains the cell bodies of ganglions cells. Axon of each ganglion cell
gives to a fibre of the optic nerve.
(viii) Layer of Optic Nerve Fibres. This layer is made up of axons of ganglion cells that form the optic nerve. The
optic nerves are connected with the brain.
The nerve fibres from all parts of the retina converge to leave through a blind spot (= Optic disc) which
contains no rods and cones and, therefore, no image is formed at this spot.
Retinal Gliocytes (= Cells of Muller). In addition to bipolar, horizontal neurons and amacrine cells, the
internal nuclear layer also contains the cell bodies of the retinal gliocytes (= cells of Muller). These cells
from numerous protoplasmic processes that extend through almost the whole thickness of the retina and
form external and internal limiting membranes. The internal limiting membrane separates the retina from
the vitreous humour- Retinal gliocytes support the neurons of the retina and may ensheath them. They also
have nutritive function. Some atrocities (other glial cells) are also present in between the retinal neurons.
Contents of the Eye Ball
(i) The lens. It is a transparent, biconvex, elastic structure that bends light waves as they pass through its
surfaces. The lens surfaces. The lens separates the aqueous and vitreous humours. It is composed of
epithelial cells that have large amounts of clear cytoplasm in the form of fibres its capsule is composed of
layers of intercellular protein. The lens can charge shape from moment to moment and, by doing so,
focuses light waves into the retina from objects at different distances from the eye. The lens can also
charge shape from year to year, thereby accounting for changes in vision.
(ii) Aqueous Humour. The space between the cornea and the lens is called the aqueous chamber which
contains a thin watery fluid called auqous humour. The epithelium of the ciliary process continuously
secretes a watery fluid, the aqueous humour. The aqueous humour helps to maintain the shape of the front
part of the eye and provides nutrients to the lens and cornea. As stated earlier, the aqueous humour is
continuously drained off into the canal of Schlemm and then into the blood. The pressure in the eye, called
intraocular pressure is produced mainly by the aqueous humour.
(iii) Vitreous Humour. The space between the lens and retina is called the vitreous chamber which is filled with
a transparent gel called the vitreous humour. It helps to maintain the shape of the eyeball and also
contributes to intraocular pressure (pressure inside the eyeball). Unlike the aqueous humour, the vitreous
humour cannot be replaced in any significant quantity. Therefore, in puncture wounds of the eye it is
important to prevent the escape of citreous humour.
FIITJEE Ltd., Ghaziabad Centre, Inspiration Plaza, D -6 & 7 RDC, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Pin-201001 Ph- 0120-2820004
(Neural Control And Coordination)
FIITJEE Ltd., Ghaziabad Centre, Inspiration Plaza, D -6 & 7 RDC, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad, Pin-201001 Ph- 0120-2820004