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PRIVATE UNIVERSITY “SAN JUAN BAUTISTA”

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PROJECT OF INFORMATIVE INVESTIGATION

ENGINEERINGS IN PERU

PRESENTD BY

CASTILLO CASTILLO, ALEJANDRA ELKY

FLORES GONZALES, MARCOS EVANGELO

GHEZZI TORRES, MARCELO LEONARDO

BARON PERALES, KRISSBEL KLAIDA

MARQUEZ DONGO, MARTIN BRAULIO

DARLY STEFANY

ICA – PERU

2018

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DEDICATION:

We dedicate this work and all the

effort put into its preparation to

our great teachers, our parents,

who with their unconditional love

and support have helped us and

have been our example to be

able to face the different

problems that have arisen

throughout our lives.

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 GRATITUDE

We have the pleasure of writing these lines in which we can express our feelings

of gratitude to all the people who supported us in the realization of this research

work, first of all what has been made possible. To our SOUL MATER San Juan

Bautista for hosting us in their university classrooms.

To our teacher, who was our guide to be able to complete this research work that

will be very useful for future civil engineers.

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 INTRODUCTION

Engineering is a profession in which scientific and empirical knowledge is

applied for the optimal conversion of materials and forces of nature into practical

uses for humanity, as well as the invention, improvement and use of industrial

technology, and the resolution of technical-social problems.

This discipline is also considered as an art, because the imaginative and

creative capacity of the human being stands out to conceive things that do not yet

exist, and it is through the application of his scientific knowledge that he

transforms those ideas into action or into a reality.

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 ELECTRIC ENGINEERING

It is the field of engineering that deals with the study and application of

electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. Apply knowledge of science such as

physics and mathematics to design systems and equipment that allow generating,

transporting, distributing and using electrical energy.

HISTORY

Recognized as a professional career around the world and is one of the

fundamental areas of engineering since the nineteenth century with the

commercialization of the electronic telegraph and the industrial generation of

electric power. Given its evolution over time, this field now encompasses a series

of disciplines that include electrical engineering, electronics, control systems,

signal processing and telecommunications. Depending on the place and the

context in which it is used, the term electrical engineering may or may not include

electronic engineering, which emerges as a subdivision thereof and has had an

important evolution since the invention of the thermionic tube or valve and the

radio. When this distinction is made, electrical engineering is generally considered

to be that branch that addresses the problems associated with large-scale or power

systems, such as electrical systems for power transmission and motor control, etc.

while electronic engineering is considered to encompass low power systems, also

called weak currents, telecommunications systems, control and signal processing

consisting of semiconductors and integrated circuits.

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HISTORY OF THE GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL

ENERGY

The story changed completely when the electric power systems had their peak

in the nineteenth century. The first generators were cellular galvanic, which operated on a

direct current basis. Although many others tried and succeeded, the best result was

obtained by Thury's system in 1889, producing 4.65 MW.

BIRTH OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN THE UNIVERSITY

This discipline was considered for years as part of physics, until it was

presented formally in universities, at the end of the 19th century, as electrical

engineering. The electrical engineering works were progressively increased until reaching

great discoveries.

Electrical engineering contributed to the development of communications. These

advances gave rise to the radio and later to other means of communication. In 1888 the

first radio waves were transmitted through simple electronic devices.

This discipline demands deep knowledge of mathematics and physics in order to develop

the phenomena, electrical and magnetic, that are required for its development and

application. It also requires a great capacity for analysis to address the problems that arise

in the practice of this activity.

RESOLVE

The projection and exploitation of: Lighting systems. Electrical networks of

medium and low voltage. Earth systems and lightning rods for industrial installations.

Electric drive of industrial mechanical loads. The selection and exploitation of: Electrical

and electronic technical means for the activation of industrial mechanical loads.

Technical means of regulation and electrical and electronic control of electrical and non-

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electrical quantities associated with electro-energy installations. Electrical technical

means of low and medium power electric power generation in industrial and commercial

installations. Electrical and electronic technical means of protection of electric drives of

industrial mechanical loads and of medium and low voltage networks. Systems of feeding

and distribution to direct current of stationary electrochemical cells. Electrical and

electronic instruments for measuring magnitudes associated with electro-energy

installations. The exploitation of thermoelectric and high and medium voltage electrical

substations. The adjustment of technical means of protection, as well as the calculation

for the coordination of protections in networks up to medium voltage. The elaboration of

technical-economic studies of improvements in networks of medium and low voltage, and

in drives of industrial mechanical loads. The application of electrical safety standards

taking into account the electro technical regulations in use.

PARTICIPATES

In the assembly and maintenance of: Technical means of measurement, protection,

automation and control of electro-energy systems. Systems of feeding and distribution to

direct current of stationary electrochemical cells. Distribution panels of industrial electric

networks and in thermal power plants. Electric power and lighting cables in industrial

systems and substations. Earth systems and lightning rods. Equipment of the SEN

distribution networks. Electrical and electronic technical means of industrial mechanical

loading. Technical means of generating electric power. Transforming substations. Studies

of load flow, short circuit and dynamic stability in complex networks and zonal

distribution networks. Systems of feeding and distribution in architectural works.

STUDY

The electrical engineer program requires an input student who has a set of

knowledge, skills and values that will help him / her to optimize their transit and use in

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the program. Likewise, upon completion of the electrical engineer program, the graduate

will have acquired the corresponding knowledge, developed certain skills and cultivated

or increased their attitudes / values. During the course of the course, essential and basic

subjects that you will need for your future work are expired, which are:

 Electrical circuits and measurements.

 Electronics.

 Electric machines (motors, generators and transformers).

 Power plants.

 Industrial electrical supply.

 Electric drives. Electric protections

 Electro-energy systems.

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 MINING ENGINEERING

Mining engineering is an engineering discipline that applies science and

technology to the extraction of minerals from the earth. Mining engineering is

associated with many other disciplines, such as geology, mineral processing and

metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying. A mining engineer may

manage any phase of mining operations – from exploration and discovery of the

mineral resource, through feasibility study, mine design, development of plans,

production and operations to mine closure.

With the process of Mineral extraction, some amount of waste and

uneconomic material are generated which are the primary source of pollution in

the vicinity of mines. Mining activities by their nature cause a disturbance of the

natural environment in and around which the minerals are located. Mining

engineers must therefore be concerned not only with the production and

processing of mineral commodities, but also with the mitigation of damage to the

environment both during and after mining as a result of the change in the mining

area.

HISTORY OF MINING ENGINEERING

From prehistoric times to the present, mining has played a significant role in

the existence of the human race. Since the beginning of civilization people have

used stone and ceramics and, later, metals found on or close to the Earth's surface.

These were used to manufacture early tools and weapons.

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 AGROINDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Agro industrial Engineering links agriculture and livestock with industry, its

raw material is agricultural production that through industrial processes is

transformed into products with added value, such as beverages, sausages, oils,

fabrics, perfumes and canned.

This discipline also devotes its attention to research the technological

improvement to optimally take advantage of agricultural and livestock production

and to disseminate the application of technical standards of quality and packaging

systems for the commercialization of agricultural products.

FUNCTIONS OF AN AGROINDUSTRIAL ENGINEER.

The main function of this engineer is the industrialization of livestock,

agricultural and forestry products.

To fulfill this function, the agro-industrial professional is responsible for

locating the resources or raw materials with which he will work. Design the

processes of agricultural use in industrial plants, this function refers to the

analysis of the productive part, evaluating the infrastructure of the plant and the

methods next to the machines that will be used.

Manage and organize agro-industrial companies, analyzing and determining

the role of each of its technical staff and seeing the best way to market their

products.

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WHERE DOES AN AGROINDUSTRIAL ENGINEER WORK?

The labor field of this profession occurs in companies of the public or

private sector, where agroindustrial products are collected, transformed and

distributed. You can also work on your own projects at the micro company level.

WHAT COURSES ARE TAKEN IN THIS RACE?

In the first cycles, general training courses are carried out in the areas of

science and economics. Some of these subjects are: Mathematics, Business

Administration, General Accounting and Contemporary Ideologies.

Subsequently the student will take basic vocational training courses such as:

cost engineering, mathematical analysis, micro and macroeconomics, production

control and materials resistance.

Finally, more specialized subjects such as Agrotecnia, Nutrition,

Organization of agro industrial companies, Financial Management, etc. will be

taken.

It is important to know that some personal requirements are required for this

profession.

The future agro industrial engineer must show interest in agricultural

production, its transformation and conservation, as well as the implementation of

technology.

Must have a mathematical aptitude and have a capacity for analysis and

synthesis to ensure proper work planning.

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 Finally, it should be easy for social interaction, since one of its functions is

to provide advice.

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 AGRONOMA ENGINEERING

The professional specialized in agricultural engineering is included in the

engineering and technology sector and can work on their own or in public or

private organizations.

The agronomist can exercise as a planner, organizer and director of

production processes and systems. Will be trained for the construction and

construction of buildings, facilities, plants, efficient equipment, dedicated to the

advice and management of farms and livestock. You can also propose, direct or

develop research and innovation projects or devote to teaching.

To carry out this work, the agronomist can work in public bodies, in food

processing companies, in agricultural and livestock farms, in those dedicated to

the manufacture of fertilizers, in non-governmental organizations or in the food

industry.

HISTORY

The beginning of its development is in the Neolithic, when the economy of

human societies evolved from the collection, hunting, fishing, agriculture and

livestock. The first cultivated plants were wheat and barley. Its origins are lost in

Prehistory, its development is managed in several cultures that in independent

practice such as that which emerged in the so-called Fertile Crescent - Near East -,

from Mesopotamia to Ancient Egypt, the Pre-Columbian Cultures of Central

America and the Developed culture by the Chinese east of Asia, etc.

There is a transition, usually gradual, from the economy of hunting and

gathering to agriculture. The reasons for the development of agriculture have

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become more temperate, climatology, have also been reduced in the shortage of

food or the desertification of large regions. Despite its advantages, according to

some anthropologists, agriculture meant a reduction of the variety in the diet,

creating a change in the evolution of the human species towards the most

vulnerable and dependent.

The Agriculture in Latin America. In that same meeting the engineers,

Bainer y Carrera, the National Agriculture School of Peru and Mr. Lars

Stenstrom, director of Agricultural Engineering of the FAO, planned the creation

of the Institute of Agricultural Engineering in Lima. This Institute was created in

1959 as an entity attached to the Ministry of Agriculture. The purpose of the new

Institute was to offer Agricultural Engineering courses to the students of the

Faculty of Agriculture of the last 2 years. The graduate received the degree of

Agronomist with specialty in; Plant breeding, Agricultural Economics, Animal

Husbandry or Agricultural. In 1960 the National School of Agriculture of Peru

becomes the National Agrarian University La Molina and the Institute, in the

Faculty of Agricultural Engineering. With this new structure, the doors were

opened towards the creation of a professional program of 5 years in Agricultural

Engineering which began in 1962 with 73 students, thanks to technical and

financial help for the United Nations.

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