Fabric Finishing Process

After packaging the gray fabric sent to the dyeing industry. Woven is very costly project. This
type of project is very large industry. There are generally three types of woven finishing process
is given below;

1. Pretreatment Process
• Singeing
• Desizing
• Scouring
• Bleaching
• Mercerization
2. Coloration Process
• Dyeing
• Printing
3. Finishing Process
• Physical
• Chemical
• Coating

Pretreatment Process
A series of operations that prepare the textile product for subsequent finishing treatments such as
dyeing, printing and finishing. The main operations are singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching &
mercerization.
Singeing
The process of burning protruding fibers to deliver a smooth fabric The surface. An oxidizing
flame that does not leave any sooty residue on fibers is used and then passed through a
quenching unit. Desizing units are usually used in conjunction with the singeing process.

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 Picture: Singeing Process
Desizing
This treatment is carried out on woven fabrics to remove sizing ingredients from the warp so that
the fabric absorbs the liquor of subsequent processes homogenously. Enzymes are used to
biologically degrade starch and transform it into water soluble by degrade by--products.

Picture: Desizing Process

Scouring
The process of removing impurities such as wax, oil, fat from fiber to render it absorbent is
called scouring. This is carried out in alkaline conditions (with NaOH) under high pressure and
temperature (above 100 oC) in presence of detergent, sequestering agent and wetting agent.

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 Picture: Pretreatment Process of Woven Fabric
Bleaching
The removal of natural coloring matters from fiber to achieve whiteness is called bleaching. The
most common bleaching agent is stabilized alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide. After
treatment, the bleaching agent must be removed by washing or through the use of enzyme.

Picture: Bleaching Process

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Mercerization
The treatment of cotton with strongly alkaline solution to improve tensile strength, luster and dye
uptake is called mercerization. It is usually carried out after scouring and/or bleaching in cold
condition.

Picture: Mercerization Process

Picture: Mercerization Process

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Dyeing
Dyeing is employed to give an all Dyeing all--over shade to the fabric. In the dyeing process, dye
molecules come into contact with fiber surface, form a thin layer and diffuse into it. Dyeing may
be carried out in batch or semi layer semi--continuous or continuous technique and in fiber or
yarn or fabric state.

Printing
Printing is a process by which colored patterns are produced on the Printing fabric. The color is
applied to the fabric according to planned design and then treated with heat, steam or chemicals
to fix the color on the fabric. Finally the fabric is washed to remove any excess paste and then
dried.

Picture: Woven Dyeing

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 Picture: Printing Process

Picture: Printing on textile fabric

Finishing
It includes the final operations necessary for making the textile attractive and suitable for end
attractive end--use. It imparts the final aesthetic, chemical and mechanical properties to the

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fabric as per end chemical end-use requirements. Examples include drying, softening,
calendaring etc.

Picture: Woven Fabric Finishing Process

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