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Test I: MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the space provided before each number.
_______33. The two bones of the skull in which teeth are _______42. ____________ are intercellular chemical signals,
located are the secreted by nerve cells and are important in
A. maxilla and mandible. functions of the nervous system.
B. zygomatic and mandible. A. Pheromones
C. maxilla and zygomatic. B. Hormones
D. maxilla and frontal. C. Neurotransmitters
E. frontal and mandible. D. Autocrine agents
E. Paracrine agents
_______34. Which of these statements about the skull is true?
A. The external acoustic meatus is a canal in the _______43. Hormones alter cellular properties and functions
temporal bone. by
B. The zygomatic arch consists of joined processes A. changing the quantities of enzymes present.
between the frontal and zygomatic bones. B. opening or closing ion channels.
C. The nasal conchae are bones that form the nasal C. changing the rate of enzyme breakdown.
septum. D. changing the rates of transcription or translation
D. The mastoid process is a prominent lump just in a cell.
anterior to the ear. E. All of these are true.
E. The bridge of the nose is formed by the frontal
bone. _______44. The structure that makes releasing and inhibiting
hormones which control anterior pituitary
_______35. Which of these sections of the vertebral column is hormone secretion is the:
matched with its correct number of vertebrae? A. anterior pituitary
A. thoracic — 7 vertebrae B. posterior pituitary
B. cervical — 12 vertebrae C. hypothalamus
C. sacral — 5 vertebrae fused into one sacrum D. adrenal gland
D. lumbar — 8 vertebrae E. pineal gland
E. coccygeal — 2 vertebrae fused into one coccyx
_______45. The hypothalamus controls the activity of the
_______36. The first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to pituitary gland by
the sternum are called A. secreting neurohormones.
A. true ribs. B. secreting releasing hormones.
B. false ribs. C. secreting inhibiting hormones.
C. floating ribs. D. stimulation of nerve cells within the
D. sternal ribs. hypothalamus which extend into the posterior
E. Both true ribs and sternal ribs are correct pituitary gland.
names. E. All of these are true.
_______37. After suffering multiple cervical fractures, Myron _______46. Growth hormone?
Coolheart, IRS agent, was given a choice of which A. stimulates fat synthesis.
vertebrae to fuse together i.e., he could leave only B. favors protein breakdown.
one articulation unfused. He decided to choose the C. deficiency in an adult can produce pituitary
fusion that would still allow him to shake his head dwarfism.
"no". His choice was to leave the ___________ D. excess after growth is complete produces
unfused. acromegaly.
A. atlas to axis joint E. deficiency in an adult can produce pituitary
B. atlas to occipital condyles articulation dwarfism and excess after growth is complete
C. articulation between C2 and C3 produces acromegaly are correct.
D. articulation between C6 and C7
_______56. 31. Target cells in the thyroid gland respond to
A. LH.
_______47. ACTH stimulates the B. prolactin.
A. thyroid gland. C. ACTH.
B. ovaries and testes. D. ADH.
C. hypothalamus. E. TSH.
D. adrenal cortex.
_______57. Type I diabetes mellitus
E. posterior pituitary.
A. is caused by the secretion of too little insulin
_______48. ADH from the pancreas.
A. is sometimes called oxytocin. B. is caused by the insufficient numbers of insulin
B. can cause blood vessels to constrict when receptors on target cells.
present in the blood in large amounts. C. is caused by defective receptors that do not
C. causes "milk letdown" from the breasts of respond to insulin.
lactating women. D. can be regulated by diet alone.
D. stimulates melanocytes and causes them to E. is caused by the insufficient numbers of insulin
synthesize melanin. receptors on target cells and is caused by defective
E. is sometimes called oxytocin and can cause receptors that do not respond to insulin are correct.
blood vessels to constrict when present in the
_______58. A man with an abnormally high level of
blood in large amounts as properties.
melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), would
_______49. Calcitonin exhibit which of the following symptoms?
A. is secreted by the parathyroid glands. A. hyperglycemia
B. increases the amount of calcium absorbed by B. reduced sperm production
the intestine. C. increased frequency of urination
C. is synthesized by C cells of the thyroid gland. D. darkening of the skin
D. increases the rate of calcium release from E. constant thirst
bone.
_______59. T3 (triiododthyronine)
E. is secreted when blood calcium levels drop too
A. synthesis requires calcium.
low.
B. binding to target tissues causes increases in
_______50. Symptoms of diabetes mellitus include metabolism, body temperature, and normal
A. increased appetite. growth.
B. lack of thirst. C. contains four iodine molecules.
C. high energy level. D. is released from the thymus gland.
D. limited urine output. E. is released in response to T4 secretion.
E. All of these are true.
_______60. Prolactin
_______51. 24. Secretion of which of these hormones would A. helps development of, and production of milk
increase shortly after a meal? in the breast.
A. glucagon B. causes "milk letdown" from the breasts of
B. growth hormone lactating women.
C. epinephrine C. causes contraction of the muscle of the uterus.
D. glucocorticoids D. stimulates development of sperm cells in
E. insulin males.
E. causes "milk letdown" from the breasts of
lactating women and causes contraction of the
_______52. Insulin is secreted by the muscle of the uterus.
A. anterior pituitary gland.
B. posterior pituitary gland. _______61. The adrenal medulla?
C. adrenal cortex. A. is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous
D. adrenal medulla. system.
E. beta cells of the pancreatic islets. B. produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
C. is stimulated when a person is physically
_______53. Oxytocin is secreted by the excited.
A. anterior pituitary gland. D. produces the "fight-or-flight" response.
B. posterior pituitary gland. E. has all of these properties.
C. adrenal cortex.
D. adrenal medulla. _______62. Cortisol
E. beta cells of the pancreatic islets. A. is classified as a glucocorticoid.
B. initiates the breakdown of protein and fat.
_______54. Follicle stimulating hormone is secreted by the C. reduces the inflammatory effect (when in
A. anterior pituitary gland. pharmacological doses).
B. posterior pituitary gland. D. secretion is stimulated by ACTH.
C. adrenal cortex. E. has all of these properties.
D. adrenal medulla.
E. beta cells of the pancreatic islets. _______63. The thymus gland
A. becomes smaller with increasing age.
_______55. Growth hormone is secreted by the B. is important in the function of the immune
A. anterior pituitary gland. system.
B. posterior pituitary gland. C. secretes thymosin.
C. adrenal cortex. D. is found in the upper part of the thoracic cavity
D. adrenal medulla. above the heart.
E. beta cells of the pancreatic islets. E. has all of these characteristics.
_______64. Insulin is secreted in response to _______72. Antigens
A. increased blood glucose levels. A. have molecular weights of around 1000.
B. decreased parasympathetic stimulation. B. have one antigenic determinant (epitope).
C. decreased blood levels of amino acids. C. are considered normal by the immune system.
D. All of these stimulate insulin secretion. D. can contain many different antigenic
determinants (epitopes).
_______65. Aldosterone E. are usually made of lipids.
A. causes potassium ions to be retained in the
body. _______73. The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining
B. secretion is stimulated primarily by ACTH. fluid balance within the body by
C. secretion increases when blood potassium A. adding lymph to GI tract secretions.
levels increase. B. returning interstitial fluid to the plasma.
D. causes increased retention of sodium ions and C. transporting lymph from tissues to the liver.
water by the body. D. carrying excess fluid to the kidneys to be
E. both increases secretion when blood potassium excreted.
levels increase and causes increased retention of E. actively absorbing fluid from the blood.
sodium ions and water by the body.
_______74. Which of the following are functions of the
_______66. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) lymphatic system?
A. increases calcium level in the blood. 1. Defense 2. Fluid equilibrium 3. Fat
B. inhibits the formation of active vitamin D in the absorption
kidneys. A. 1
C. decreases the rate of bone breakdown. B. 1,2
D. has an effect similar to that of calcitonin. C. 1,3
E. has all of these characteristics. D. 2,3
E. 1,2,3
_______67. Hyperparathyroidism
A. is an abnormally low production or secretion _______75. Lymph
of parathyroid hormone (PTH). A. Is found only when there is a pathological
B. results in an increase in blood cell production. condition that allows it to leak from capillaries
C. results in an increase in calcium levels in the B. Is excess interstitial fluid
blood. C. Is filtered by the spleen
D. is an abnormally high production of calcitonin. D. Is synthesized by the lymphoid organs
E. is caused by an increase in the absorption of E. All choices are correct
potassium from the small intestine.
_______76. What structural feature of lymphatic vessels is
_______68. Which of the following is NOT a regulatory responsible to forward movement of lymph?
function of the endocrine system? A. over-lapping endothelial cells
A. Regulates water balance by controlling the B. valves
solute concentration of the blood. C. no basement membrane
B. Regulates skeletal muscle contraction strength. D. thin walls
C. Regulates satiation and the breakdown of food
into individual nutrients. _______77. What is the nonspecific lymphocyte that kills
D. Regulates the rate of metabolism. tumor cells and virus infected cells?
E. Regulates the levels of nutrients such as A. Macrophages
glucose in the blood. B. Natural killer cells
C. Eosinophils
_______69. Secretion of hormones is controlled by D. Basophils
A. the concentration of mineral ions in the blood.
B. neural input. _______78. Tonsils?
C. tropic hormones. A. increase in size in adults.
D. the concentration of mineral ions in the blood B. are located in both the oral and abdominal
and tropic hormones. cavities.
E. all of these things. C. provide protection against bacteria entering the
oral and nasal cavities.
_______70. Removal of the anterior pituitary would affect the D. contain red pulp and white pulp.
functioning of the E. are not functional in children.
A. thyroid gland.
B. pancreas isles of Langerhans in the pancreas. _______79. Positive selection of lymphocytes refers to the
C. parathyroid gland. A. processing of an antigen by a macrophage.
D. adrenal medulla. B. proliferation of natural killer cells.
E. kidney. C. production of antigen-specific antibodies.
D. survival of pre-B and pre-T cells that are
_______71. In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas capable of an immune response.
releases insulin to enable glucose to enter body E. replication of memory cells.
cells. When the blood glucose level returns to
normal, insulin release stops. This is an example _______80. Which is the proper order of events in cell-
of regulation by: mediated immunity?
A. endocrine dysplasia. (1) cloning of cytotoxic T cells and memory T
B. negative feedback. cells
C. positive feedback. (2) antigen presented to T lymphocyte
D. neural regulation. (3) activation of T lymphocytes
E. somatic regulation (4) cytotoxic T cells attack target cells
A. 2, 3, 4, 1
B. 1, 4, 2, 3
C. 2, 3, 1, 4
D. 3, 2, 4, 1
E. 1, 2, 3, 4,
_______81. Which of the following is correctly matched? _______91. Immune complexes consist of
A. IgA - found in saliva and tears A. antibody plus complement
B. IgD - can cross the placenta B. basophil plus complement
C. IgG - first to challenge the antigen C. antigen plus antibody
D. IgM - antigen-binding receptor on B cells D. antigen plus complement
E. IgE - transfusion reactions
_______92. Which of the following are needed for antibody
_______82. What is the cell that is responsible for a secondary production to occur with T cell dependent
antibody response to an antigen? antigens?
A. Memory B cell A. antigen presenting cell
B. Plasma cell B. T helper cell
C. Cytotoxic T cell C. B cell
D. All of the above are responsible D. b and c
E. a, b, and c
_______83. T cells are divided into two primary groups,
effector and regulatory. Which of the following _______93. A T helper cell becomes activated by a
are regulatory T cells? A. plasma cell
A. helper T cells B. antigen presenting cell
B. cytotoxic T cells C. B cell
C. chemotaxic T cells D. memory cell
D. delayed hypersensitivity T cells
E. assistant T cells _______94. Foreign substances that elicit an immune response
are termed
_______84. Helper T cells interact with target cells by A. aliens.
recognizing B. antigens.
A. antigens only. C. antibodies.
B. MHC proteins only. D. viruses.
C. antigen-MHC protein complexes. E. bacteria.
D. either antigens or MHC proteins.
E. neither antigens nor MHC proteins. _______95. The human body makes
A. only one type of cytotoxic T cell.
_______85. Active natural immunity occurs when B. tens of different types of cytotoxic T cells.
A. antibodies pass from a pregnant mother to her C. hundreds of different types of cytotoxic T cells.
fetus. D. thousands of different types of cytotoxic T
B. antibodies are injected into a host. cells.
C. an individual develops a disease. E. millions of different types of cytotoxic T cells.
D. a person is vaccinated.
E. antibodies are passed in breast milk.