A Detailed Lesson Plan in Teaching Physiology

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:
a. determine the parts and function of the Respiratory System;
b. tell the importance of the parts and function of the Respiratory System through
answering; and
c. answer the parts of the Respiratory system.

II. Subject Matter: The Respiratory System

Reference: https://www.livescience.com › Health
Materials: Printed pictures, Visual aid
Values: How to take good care of our Respiratory System.
Strategies: Discussion, Oral Recitation and Quiz.

III. Procedure
A. Preliminary Activities

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Good Afternoon, class?
Good Afternoon, teacher.
Before we start our class today, can
we all stand for our opening prayer.
Pupils stand and pray.
How is your day today class?
Were fine, teacher.
Good to hear that! Who is absent
today?
None, teacher.
Very good! All of you are present today.
If someone is talking in front, what will you
do?
Behave and listen, teacher.
Okay! Can I expect that to you class?
Yes, teacher.
Thank you, class.

A. Lesson Proper
a. Motivation
Now everybody stand for an exercise.
Okay let’s do this! Inhale, Exhale, Inhale
Exhale, shake your hands, try again.
(The student will do the exercise)
b. Presentation of the Lesson
 Based on the exercised that we do,
what do you think is our topic for
today?
Yes, Richard?
It is all about breathing, teacher.
Very good! Some more ideas class?
About the parts of the
Respiratory system, teacher.
Yes, you are right today we will talk
about the parts of the Respiratory System.
Are you ready class?
Yes, teacher.
c. Discussion
Okay, class this picture shows our
Respiratory system.

Class, what this picture shows?

Yes, Mary ann?
The picture shows our respiratory
System, teacher it also shows the
Process of the air we breathe.
Very good! Mary ann.
This are the function of our respiratory
System.

Breathing is so vital to life that it

happens automatically. Each day, you breathe about
20,000 times, and by the time you're 70 years old,
you'll have taken at least 600 million breaths.
How many times we breathe?
20,000 times, teacher.
Very good! When we become 70 years old
 How many times?
600 million, teacher.
The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and
expelling carbon dioxide. The primary organs of the respiratory system are lungs, which
carry out this exchange of gases as we breathe.
The nasal cavity is the inside of your nose. It is lined with a mucous membrane that
helps keep your nose moist by making mucus so you won't get nosebleeds from a
dry nose. There are also little hairs that help filter the air you breathe in, blocking dirt and
dust from getting into your lungs.
Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity.
The maxillary sinuses are located under the eyes; the frontal sinuses are above the eyes; the
ethmoidal sinuses are between the eyes and the sphenoidal sinuses are behind the eyes.
Nostrils- either of two external openings of the nasal cavity in vertebrates that admit air to the
lungs and smells to the olfactory nerves.
The pharynx, also known as the throat, is a muscular funnel that extends from the posterior end
of the nasal cavity to the superior end of the esophagus and larynx. The pharynx is part of both
the digestive and respiratory systems. For the digestive system, its muscular walls function in the
process of swallowing and it serves as a pathway for the movement of food from the mouth to
the esophagus. As part of the respiratory system, it allows for the movement of air from the nose
and mouth to the larynx in the process of breathing. The pharynx is divided into 3 regions: the
nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The nasopharynx is the superior region of the
pharynx found in the posterior of the nasal cavity. Inhaled air from the nasal cavity passes into
the nasopharynx and descends through the oropharynx, located in the posterior of the oral cavity.
Air inhaled through the oral cavity enters the pharynx at the oropharynx. The inhaled air then
descends into the laryngopharynx, where it is diverted into the opening of the larynx by the
epiglottis. The epiglottis is a flap of elastic cartilage that acts as a switch between the trachea and
the esophagus. Because the pharynx is also used to swallow food, the epiglottis ensures that air
passes into the trachea by covering the opening to the esophagus. During the process of
swallowing, the epiglottis moves to cover the trachea to ensure that food enters the esophagus
and to prevent choking.

The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a short section of the airway that connects the
laryngopharynx and the trachea. The larynx is located in the anterior portion of the neck, just
inferior to the hyoid bone and superior to the trachea. Several cartilage structures make up the
larynx and give it its structure. The epiglottis is one of the cartilage pieces of the larynx and
serves as the cover of the larynx during swallowing. Inferior to the epiglottis is the thyroid
cartilage, which is often referred to as the Adam’s apple as it is most commonly enlarged and
visible in adult males. The thyroid holds open the anterior end of the larynx and protects the
vocal folds. Inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ring-shaped cricoid cartilage which holds the
larynx open and supports its posterior end. In addition to cartilage, the larynx contains special
structures known as vocal folds, which allow the body to produce the sounds of speech and
singing. The vocal folds are folds of mucous membrane that vibrate to produce vocal sounds.
The tension and vibration speed of the vocal folds can be changed to change the pitch that they
produce.

Trachea
The trachea, or windpipe, is a 5-inch long tube made of C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings lined
with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. The trachea connects the larynx to the
bronchi and allows air to pass through the neck and into the thorax. The rings of cartilage making
up the trachea allow it to remain open to air at all times. The open end of the cartilage rings faces
posteriorly toward the esophagus, allowing the esophagus to expand into the space occupied by
the trachea to accommodate masses of food moving through the esophagus.
The main function of the trachea is to provide a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs.
In addition, the epithelium lining the trachea produces mucus that traps dust and other
contaminants and prevents it from reaching the lungs. Cilia on the surface of the epithelial cells
move the mucus superiorly toward the pharynx where it can be swallowed and digested in the
gastrointestinal tract.

Lung
The lungs are among the hardest-working organs in the body. They expand and contract up to 20
times a minute to supply oxygen to be distributed to tissues all over the body and expel carbon
dioxide that has been created throughout the body.
The right lung divided into two the RIGHT LUNG & THE LEFT LUNG.

RIGHT LUNG CONSIST OF: LEFT LUNG CONSIST OF:

 Right Primary Bronchus 1. Left Primary Bronchus
 Superior Lobe 2. Bronchi
 Middle Lobe 3. Superior Lobe
 Inferior Lobe 4. Bronchioles
5. Inferior Lobe
Diaphragm - is a dome-shaped muscle. When this muscle gets tighter (contracts), it
flattens and the lungs increase in size.

Some respiratory disorders are:

 Acute bronchitis: This develops suddenly and can occur as a complication of an upper
respiratory tract infection, such as a common cold, usually caused by a virus.
 Pneumonia: Pneumonia causes the smallest parts of the lungs (bronchioles and alveolar
tissue) to become inflamed. Pneumonia can be fatal for elderly people, children, and
others with lowered or weakened immune systems.
 Asthma: Asthma attacks are caused by constricted airways. Allergic asthma—a type
caused by allergens—often develops in childhood. The number of cases of childhood
asthma continues to rise.
 Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection of the lungs. It continues to
be a problem for people living in developing countries.

d. Generalization
Class, what we discussed this afternoon?
Judy ann?
About the Respiratory system, teacher.
Very good! What are the main parts
Of our respiratory system?
The nose, trachea, lungs, pharynx & larynx,
teacher.
 Very good! What are the three
three regions of pharynx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and
Laryngopharynx teacher.

Excellent! Class, what are the common

disorders of our respiratory?
Asthma, tuberculosis, Pneumonia
And acute bronchitis, teacher.
Very good! Class
e. Valuing
Class, how to care good care of our respiratory system?
Eat nutritious food and avoid smoking,
Teacher.
Excellent! Class, I know you are
Very ready to do our another activity. So, get a
One whole sheet of paper and answer this.
Yes, teacher.
IV. Evaluation
Directions. Answer the following questions.

1. It is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon

dioxide. (Respiratory System)
2. The hardest-working organs in the body. (Lungs)
3. It also known as the throat. (Pharynx)
4. It also known as the voice box. (Larynx)
5. It is also called windpipe, is a 5-inch long tube made of C-shaped hyaline
cartilage rings lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. (Trachea)
6 – 8. The 3 regions of Pharynx.
9-10. Give 2 common respiratory disorders.

V. Assignment

Reporters:
Bodanio, Blessed Honie J.
Butaya, Jenny Ann.
Berandoy, Liezel.