Perceptions of Grade 12 Students in Drinking Alcohol

JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University

Integrated Basic Education Department
Senior High School
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Alcohol use is a widely discussed topic but a vast of body of research has
documented the relationship between alcohol consumption and interpersonal violence.
More than any illegal drug, alcohol was found to be closely associated with violent
crimes, including murder, rape, assault, child and spousal abuse. Convicted offenders
under the jurisdiction of corrections agencies in 1996 have been drinking at the time of
the offense. (Greenfeld, 1998).
Aside from alcohol involvement in crime, drinking too much alcohol can take a
serious toll on your health. That is mainly because alcohol is metabolized by the liver
and frequent consumption can lead to increased fat inside liver cells. Heavy drinking
can also increase the risk of certain types of cancer, especially mouth and throat. Lastly
chronic alcohol abuse can impair brain function permanently and will have detrimental
effects on your body that most likely fall to death (Arnarson, 2017).
The effect of alcohol varies between individuals and depends on the amount
consumed and the type of alcoholic beverages the user will intake. Historically,
moderate consumption of alcohol has been linked to health benefits. It has been
produced and consumed by humans for thousands of years and have played an
important role in our health; supplying nutrition and energy; providing medicinal,
antiseptic, and analgesic benefits; quenching thirst; facilitating relaxation; promoting
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conviviality and social cohesion; increasing the pleasure of eating; providing
pharmacological pleasure; and generally enhancing the quality and pleasures of life.
(Hanson, 2017)
However, in Notre Dame of Marbel University (NDMU), there are several
conflicting ideas. Among teenagers today, there are a large variety of positions towards
drinking alcohol. Misperceptions exist among students regarding the amount of alcohol
that is consumed on university campuses. In anonymous studies, in nationwide surveys
during 1998 and 1999, students grossly overestimated the average amount of alcohol
their peer group reported consuming and the number of people who drank heavily
(Perkins et al.,1999). Applying the idea that the perceived extent of alcohol use among
peers ultimately influences student decisions regarding his or her own alcohol
consumption, preventative programs on campus are aimed at educating students about
reported alcohol consumption norms. Nineteen percent of students surveyed nationwide
abstain from drinking alcohol (Wechsler, 1996). Recent prevention programs are
designed to educate students about their peer group’s abstinence rates, in the hope that
they reduce their alcohol consumption according to the norm (Sands et al., 1998). With
these ideas, the study is conducted.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study will determine the Perception on Drinking Alcohol of Grade 12
Students of Notre Dame of Marbel University:
Specifically, it seeks to answer the questions:
1. What are the demographic profile in terms of age, gender and strand of the
Grade 12 students?
2. What are the perceptions of the respondents in drinking alcohol?
3. What is the significant difference in terms of age, sex, and strand regarding
alcohol use?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study is only conducted to the Grade 12 students of NDMU for the school
year 2017-2018 and will only be conducted inside the campus of Notre Dame of Marbel
University. The focus of the study is to find out perception of grade 12 students in
drinking alcohol.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The finding of the study may provide insight about the perceptions of the grade
12 students in drinking alcohol; furthermore, this research can contribute new
knowledge.
To the School, this study can guide the school on what action that is needed as they
are now aware of the alcohol use and the perceptions of senior high school students of
NDMU.
To the Teachers, this study will give insights about alcohol use of students and can
help them approach students regarding alcoholism.
To the Parents, this study will broaden their understanding on the impact of alcohol use
in the students’ performance in school.
To the Students, to help them determine and gauge their performance in school in
relation to their use of alcohol.
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Chapter 2
This shows an overview of previous related articles and related studies that
enriches the study. Also, this chapter introduces the framework of the study which is the
main focus and forms the structure of the research paper.
Conceptual Framework
Perception of Teenagers in Drinking Alcohol
Alcohol Use Participants:
 Age
 Gender
 Strands
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
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Related Literature and Studies
Alcohol
Historically, alcoholic beverages have served as sources of needed nutrients.
They have been widely used for their medicinal, antiseptic, and analgesic properties.
The role of such beverages as thirst quenchers is obvious. They also play an important
role in enhancing the enjoyment of life. They can be a social lubricant, facilitate
relaxation, can provide pharmacological pleasure, and increase the pleasure of eating.
(Hanson, 2013)
There are types of alcoholic beverages, that includes: Beer, wherein it is believed
to be alcoholic beverage that humans have been consuming the longest. It is created by
fermenting any of a variety of starches including; malted barley, rice, wheat, or maize.
Cider, wherein it is made from fermented apple juice, it is sometimes referred to as
apple wine. Wine, wherein can be created from fermented grapes or other fruits.
Humans have been drinking wine for at least eight thousand years. Spirits, wherein it
refers to those alcoholic drinks that have been distilled to make them stronger. Types of
beer include: Larger beers, are fermented and conditioned at low temperature to give
them milder taste, they are usually also a light color. Ales, are made from malted barley
and involve warm fermentation with brewer’s yeast. Wheat beers, are made with wheat
as well as barley that gives the beer the distinctive taste; this type of beer is particularly
popular in Europe. Fruit Beers, are often made by adding flavor extracts to beer rather
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than fermenting fruit. Wine has also its types that include: Red wine, this type of wine is
made from red or black grapes. The taste of red wine is often described as more
complex than that of white wine. Rose wine, this type of wine is made from red grapes,
but these undergo a special process to create the rose look. White wine, this type of
wine is produced using white grapes. This type of wine has a lighter taste than the red
or rose wine. Champagne, this type of wine gets is bubbles from the fermentation
process due to carbon dioxide in the bottles. Fortified wines, this type of wine have
distilled beverage added to them to make them stronger. The reason why fortified wines
originally became popular was that they were easier to transport around the world b
ship. Spirits have also its types that include: Vodka, wherein it is usually made from
distillation of grains or potatoes. Whiskey, this type of spirits is usually made from
fermented grain mash. Rum, this type of spirits comes from sugarcane juice. Tequila,
this type of spirits is created from the blue agave plant. Gin, this type of spirits is made
from juniper berries. Absinthe, this type of spirits is made from many different flowers.
Liqueurs, this type of spirits covers a wide range of drinks that involve the addition of
herbs, nuts, fruits, spices, cream, or flowers. It is also possible to get other spirits that
have been turned into liqueurs for example vodka liqueurs. (Dara, 2008)
Though most of the types of alcohol are made of plants and fruits there is
also growing concerns about the harmful effects of alcohol if abused. An early study of
drinking problem was conducted between year 1975-1985 where it stated that alcohol is
abused if involved in weekly drinking more than 5 or more drinks per occasion
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(Berkowitz and Perkins, 1986). According to Arnarson (2017) drinking too much on a
single occasion or overtime can take a serious toll on your health. That is because
alcohol is metabolized by the liver, and frequent consumption can lead to increased fat
inside liver cells. It can also lead to cirrhosis. Chronic alcohol abuse can impair brain
function permanently. Also, heavy drinking and beer are linked to increased weight gain,
while moderate drinking and wine are linked to reduced weight gain. Alcohol can also
increase the risk of certain types of cancer, especially mouth and throat cancer. Lastly
chronic alcohol abuse can have severe detrimental effects on your body and brain,
increasing the risk of all sorts of diseases. (Arnarson, 2017)
To lessen the number of diseases of the alcohol users might get Gleaner (2013)
weigh in with her best advice for safe alcohol consumption. That includes: (1) Know
your limit. (2) Eat food while you drink. (3) Sip your drink. (4) Accept a drink only when
you really want one. (5) Choose quality rather than quantity. (6) Skip a drink now and
then. (7) Beware of unfamiliar drinks. (8) Appoint a designated driver. (9) Upper limits of
drinks for males are 21 and for females are 14 drinks per week. (Gleaner, 2013)
There is a theory called Alcohol – Expectancy theory, wherein this theory
suggests that individuals consume alcohol because they believe drinking will lead to a
certain effect (e.g., increasing social interaction, relieving tension), and these beliefs
have long been suggested to influence individuals' drinking levels (Brown et al., 1980).
Individuals may expect different types of alcoholic beverages to affect them in different
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ways and thus may drink different types of beverages when seeking these differential
effects. Previous research suggests that individuals perceive differences among varying
types of alcoholic beverages regarding the alcohol type's global positive (e.g., alcohol
leads to good outcomes) or negative (e.g., alcohol leads to negative outcomes) effects.
Studies found individuals reported higher negative expectancies for drinking shots of
distilled spirits and higher positive expectancies for beer and wine (Lang et al., 1983). In
relation to that according to Hudspeth (2017), different types of alcohol can give you
different emotional responses. For example, 53 percent of respondents reported that
red wine made them feel relaxed. There’s a physiological explanation for this; red wine
contains high levels of melatonin, the hormone that tells our brains it’s time to go to bed.
Another example is that beer relaxes the user, but the carbohydrates therein also have
a reputation for making folks drowsy. However According to Gonzales (2013) Alcohol is
alcohol – which is to say that the alcohol in wine is the same as the alcohol in beer is
the same as the alcohol in the unholy red-cup concoction at a dorm room game of
King's Cup. That alcohol is ethyl alcohol, aka ethanol, and it'll get you drunk. The fact
that liquor tends to contain higher concentrations of ethanol than wine, and wine higher
concentrations than beer, means that the same volume of different alcoholic beverages
will get you more/less drunk, ergo the "standard drink" rule.
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Age
According to Salas-Wright, Reingle Gonzalez, Vaughn, Schwartz & Jetelina
(2016) binge drinking and violent attacks among youth between ages twelve (2002) and
twenty four or twenty five (2013). Although youth drink less often than adults does,
when they do drink, they drink more. That is because young people consume more than
90 percent of their alcohol by binge drinking. Binge drinking is consuming many drinks
on an occasion. Drinking alcohol and binge drinking become more prevalent as young
people get older. As adolescents get older, they tend to drink more. Prevalence of
drinking by boys and girls is similar, although among older adolescents, boys binge
more than girls (Johnston, L.D.; Miech, R.A.; O’Malley, P.M.; et al.). Underage drinking
poses a range of risks and negative consequences. It is dangerous because it: Causes
many deaths, causes many injuries, impairs judgment such as drinking and driving,
sexual activity (such as unprotected sex), and aggressive or violent behavior; Increases
the risk of physical and sexual assault. Some adolescent drinks because of Risk taking,
expectancies, Sensitivity and tolerance to alcohol, Personality Characteristics and
Psychiatric Comorbidity, Hereditary Factors, and environmental aspect. (National
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2006). Thus, perhaps the best way to
understand and prevent underage alcohol use is to view drinking as it relates to
development. This “whole system” approach to underage drinking considers an
adolescent’s unique risk and protective factors—from genetics and personality
characteristics to social and environmental factors. Viewed in this way, development
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includes not only the adolescent’s inherent risk and resilience but also the current
conditions that help to shape his or her behavior (Sroufe, L.A., and Rutter, M., 1984.)
Gender
Alcohol was frequently used in childbirth throughout the ages and beer was
thought to fortify a woman for breast feeding. Hot toddies of various fruit tonics have
been used for centuries for menstrual cramps and for pre-menstrual tension. In the
latter part of the 19th Century many women drank tonics with high alcohol contents to
ease the frustrations of child rearing or for depression. Women who were alcoholics
during this period were often labeled hysterical. They were not called alcoholics
because it conflicted with their role as good mother, wife or well-mannered spinster
(Hornik, 1977). However, alcohol consumption among women has begun to attract
increased attention. This appears to have resulted from the rise of feminism, increased
drinking by women, and health concerns such as "hidden alcoholism" and cirrhosis of
the liver (Chalfant and Roper, 1980). Because "the youth are the future," considerable
attention has been directed toward drinking among college women.
Several reasons have been suggested for the differential in drinking patterns between
men and women (Myerson, 1940; Gusfield, 1962; Lisansky, 1958). Windham and
Aldridge (1965) as well as Siegel (1952) referred to the traditional belief that the use
and abuse of alcohol was a male prerogative. Clark (1967) suggested that drinking
differences are based largely on the expectation that female sex roles are characterized
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by what he termed "conventionality." By this he referred to the "acceptance of the
dominant 'official' standards of morality and propriety" Preston (1964) similarly asserted
that drinking is often a symbol that differentiates the sexes. Windham and Aldridge
(1965) additionally pointed out that women traditionally tended to be economically
dependent on and subordinate to men. In this regard Knupfer et al. (1963) emphasized
that "other members of the population who do not earn their living by paid work also
have more restricted drinking privileges than adult free males-for example, children,
prisoners, mental patients, and persons on relief". Wilsnack and Wilsnack (1978) point
out that increased drinking among females might be a result of the women’s' movement
and changes in women, roles, especially changes that involve exposure to formerly
masculine environments and roles. They suggest that changes in sex roles might
increase women’s' exposure to alcohol and opportunities to drink; might modify
traditional norms against female drinking, thereby making drinking more permissible;
and might offer females new goals and aspirations, thus causing stress that alcohol
might be used to reduce. It would appear that the "double standard" in alcohol may be
decreasing.
Recent study of Casa Palmera (2010) about alcoholism states that men are more
at risk for abusing or becoming dependent on alcohol than women. But the drops in the
price, which has led to wine and beer becoming regular items in the supermarket
shopping trolley and part of everyday life at home, has also been a factor, alongside
deliberate marketing targeted at women (Sarah Boseley, 2016). Men are also
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consistently more than twice as likely as women to report chronic heavy drinking (at
mean intake thresholds varying from 40 to 80 grams of ethanol per day) (e.g., de Lima
et al., 2003; Hansagi et al., 1995; Meyer et al., 2000; San Jose et al., 2001; Vahtera et
al., 2002). Recurrent alcohol intoxication is much more prevalent and more frequent
among men than among women (Hao et al., 2004; Makela et al, 2001; Rehm et al.,
2001). However, gender gaps in chronic or episodic heavy drinking may be smaller
among late adolescents or university students (Dawson et al., 2004; Kuo et al., 2002;
McPherson et al., 2004; Windle, 2003). Men are much more likely than women to report
diagnosable alcohol abuse, either currently (e.g., Bijl et al., 2002; Dawson, Grant, &
Stinson, 2004; Hao et al., 2004; Kringlen, Torgersen, & Cramer, 2001; Yamamoto et al.,
1993) or as a lifetime experience (Kawakami et al., 2004; Meyer et al., 2000). Men are
also much more likely than women to report diagnosable alcohol dependence, currently
(e.g., Bijl et al., 2002; Hao et al., 2004; Hasin & Grant, 2004; Kawakami et al, 2004;
Spicer et al., 2003) or as a lifetime experience (Dawson & Grant, 1998). A higher
percentage of men are likely to drink, to drink more often, to consume more, and to
experience more drinking problems than women. While the differentials in drinking
patterns and problems might be narrowing, they clearly remain significant and potent.
To be most effective, alcohol policies and programs must reflect these continuing
differentials (Hanson and Engs, in press).
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Perceptions
According to social norms theory, our perceptions and beliefs of what is ‘normal’
behavior by others will influence our own behavior (Berkowitz, 2005). This implies that
what others do may influence us to do also what they called so as 'normal' but for others
is not. Eventually the environment where we are will push us into doing things that what
they believe is normal. An act that what used to be not normal will just became an
ordinary act to everyone. For example, the belief that others drink heavily will have
considerable influence on the amount a person drinks. According to Myers (2016), Our
perceptions are only one small step in getting to the truth. Humans quest for knowledge
begins with sensory input. The collection of sensory inputs about an object leads to our
perception of what that object is (consider the feel, smell, and taste of a lemon). Then
our capacity for reason begins (Myers, 2016). Alcohol use interventions should aim at
correcting misperceptions by providing normative feedback on prevailing drinking
norms. One hypothesis is that individuals with heavy alcohol use should decrease their
consumption by correcting the misperception (Bertholet, 2010)
The studies about popular perception show that individuals with alcohol
dependence are viewed as more responsible for their problem, and more violent and
unpredictable than other individuals affected by mental disorders. They provoke more
negative reactions in the population such as a desire for greater social distance and
greater rejection than individuals with other disorders, except for drug dependence. In
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addition, alcohol dependence is one of the conditions for which the public is least willing
to spend public financial resources. These negative reactions are even more frequent
than the ones reported for schizophrenia (Peluso, 2007).
Teenagers, as a population group, incorporate cultural patterns that are valued in
the context in which they are integrated. Alcohol consumption by adolescents is related
to the specific group behavior of this age and may be influenced by friends and
characterized as a facilitator and a precondition of interaction and permanence within a
group. The risk of adolescents beginning to consume alcohol rises because of their
position in the social network of friends, and friends of friends. This consumption is
positively and significantly correlated when family members are also consumers.
Parenting styles and parental attitudes and behaviors are significant factors associated
with heavy drinking. However, there is a lack of studies in relationship to the perception
of teenagers on the aspects involved to the initiation and persistence of this habit
(Freitas, 2014)
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HYPOTHESIS
Ho: There is no significant difference between the alcohol use and the demographic
profile of senior high school students.
The study uses hypothesis in statistics that proposes that no statistical
significance or no relationship exists in a set of given observations. It shows that no
variation exists between variables or that a single variable is no difference than its
mean. It presumes to be true until statistical evidence nullities it for an alternative.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
To have an easy and better understanding of terms for the readers, the researchers
define the following terms:
Alcohol – A beverage. It is classed as a depressant, meaning that it slows down vital
functions — resulting in slurred speech, unsteady movement, disturbed perceptions and
an inability to react quickly.
Alcohol Use – Is an unhealthy or dangerous drinking habits, such as drinking every day
or drinking too much at a time.
Perception – Is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory
information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the
environment
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Chapter 3
Methodology
This chapter describes the strategic plan to know the perceptions of grade 12
students in drinking alcohol at Notre Dame of Marbel University. Many activities in
conducting the research including the following operations: research design, research
locale, research respondents, research instrument, data gathering procedures and
data analysis.
Research Design
The descriptive survey method was used in this study. The study described the
Perception on Drinking Alcohol of Grade 12 Students of Notre Dame of Marbel
University. Description was based on the demographic profile, the extent of drinking
alcohol, and the perception of grade 12 students.
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Perceptions of Grade 12 Students in Drinking

Alcohol at Notre Dame of Marbel University
Demographic Profile Locale of the Study
Age Notre Dame of Marbel

University
Sex
Respondents of the study
Strand
Grade 12 Students
Extent of Drinking Instrument

Alcohol
Questionnaires about the
perceptions of the
respondents
Data gathering procedure
Ask permission from the

principal’s office
Data Analysis
Figure 2. Paradigm
Mean
Frequency
T-test ANOVA
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Research Locale
The researchers will conduct their study in Notre Dame of Marbel
University (NDMU) which is a private sectarian institution in the province of South
Cotabato, in the island of Mindanao, Philippines. Back in 1946, it started as Notre
Dame of Marbel (NDM), a secondary level educational institution founded by the
Oblates of Mary Immaculate (OMI) with the Religious of Virgin Mary (RVM)
Sisters. It is the first high school to open in South Cotabato and Koronadal
Valley. In 1950, the Oblate Fathers turned over the ownership of the Boys
Department to the Marist Brothers of the schools (FMS). In 1952, the Dominican
Sisters assumed the direction of the Girls Department. Through the years, the
Marist Brothers transformed the school into the Notre Dame of Marbel College.
As time pass by, it continues to progress and has been assuming various
responsibilities as a leading tertiary institution in the area. On January 02, 1992,
it was granted a UNIVERSITY status, hence the present name Notre Dame of
Marbel University.
As it continues to pave the way towards history, it has become more
aware and reliable of its serious attempts not only in keeping pace with the
changes and needs of the communities it serves, but also in playing an active
role in the process of development change. As of the present, it has five colleges
offering different courses, such as Medical Technology, Business, Arts Education
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programs, Religious Education programs, and many more. The school have
already offered Senior High School with strands such as the Science,
Technology and Mathematics (STEM) strand, the Accountancy and Business
Management (ABM) strand, and the Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
strand.
Figure 3. Location Map
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Research Respondent
This study will use questionnaires to gather data for the completion of the
study. This will enable the researchers to determine, generally the perception of
grade 12 students in drinking alcohol.
Table 1. Distribution of respondents per section
Total population No. of respondents
STEM 12-1 50 50
STEM 12-2 49 49
STEM 12-3 49 49
STEM 12-4 52 52
STEM 12-5 50 50
STEM 12-6 51 51
STEM 12-7 48 48
STEM 12-8 51 51
STEM 12-9 49 49
STEM 12-10 49 49
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ABM 12-1 47 47
ABM 12-2 50 50
ABM 12-3 51 50
ABM 12-4 49 49
HUMSS 12-1 39 39
HUMSS 12-2 37 37
HUMSS 12-3 37 37
TOTAL 810 810
Table 1. Respondents
Research and Instrumentation
This study used the questionnaire to gather data for the completion of the study.
The questionnaire is composed of three parts. The first part asked about the
demographic profile of the respondents. The second part asked about their extent of
drinking alcohol and the third part asked about their perception on drinking alcohol both
used a rating scale from 1 to 4.
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Data Gathering
Permission was asked from the Principal of senior high school. A formal letter of
communication was sent explaining the purpose and nature of the study. Permission
was granted. The researchers went room to room to spread survey sheets. The purpose
of their survey was explained clearly to be understood by the respondents. The
respondents answered the questionnaire. Then, the respondents’ answers were
collated and tabulated. Percentile interpretation was made.
Data Analysis
The results from the survey will be analyzed through a tallying method. The
answers of the respondents, based on their age, gender, and strand would be tallied by
the researchers to determine the alcohol use of the grade 12 Senior High School
students of NDMU.
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CHAPTER IV
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
This chapter describes the analysis of data followed by a discussion of the
research findings. The findings of the research relate to the research questions that
guides the study. Data were analyzed to identify, describe and explore the perception of
grade 12 students in drinking alcohol at Notre Dame of Marbel University and the
alcohol use in relation to age, gender and strand. Data were obtained from
questionnaires, completed by all grade 12 students. In identifying the frequencies and
percentages to answer all the questions in the questionnaire, we used the descriptive
statistical analysis. The results are presented using graphs and tables, followed by a
relevant discussion. The Level of significance that was set by the researcher in this
study is at 0.05.
Profile of the Respondents
This set of data was intended to describe demographic variables of the
sample and to assess for any influences on the research findings. The demographic
data consisted of age were in respondents whose age category is from 16-19, male and
female for the sex of the respondents, and STEM, ABM, and HUMSS for the strand of
the respondents.
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Table 3: Frequency of Profile of Respondents
Age Profile Frequency Percentage (%)
16 6
0.74%
17 196
24.20%
18 565
69.75%
19 43
5.31%
Total 810
100.00%
Male 324
40.00%
Sex Female 486
60.00%
Total 810
100.00%
ABM 205
25.31%
HUMSS 118
14.57%
Strand STEM 487
60.12%
Total 810
100.00%
Age of the respondents is one of the most important characteristics in
understanding their views about the problems; by and large age indicates level of
maturity of individuals in that sense age becomes more important to examine the
response. The respondents have been classified into four groups of age: 16 years old
as to be the youngest of all the respondents, 17 years old, 18 years old and 19 years
old as to be the oldest of all the respondents who answered the questionnaires. Table 3
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indicates that there were no respondents whose age was less than 16 years old. Among
810 respondents who have been given a questionnaire, 0.74% responded that they are
16 years old, 5.31% of the respondents are 19 years old, 24.20% of the respondents
responded to be 17 years old, and more than half (69.75%) of the respondents are 18
years old and it is quite clear that out of the total respondents investigated for this study,
overwhelming majority (60%) of them were females whereas about 40% were found to
be males. Out of 810 respondents 14.57% of the respondents responded to be a
HUMSS students, 25.31% of the respondents responded to be an ABM student, and
more than half (60.12%) of the respondents responded to be a STEM student. It only
shows that the researchers have a greater number of 18-year-old female respondents
under the strand of STEM.
Perceptions of the Respondents in Drinking Alcohol
The table below shows the statements that can be found in the questionnaires
given to the respondents in able to know their perceptions in drinking alcohol. The
researchers divided 16 questions into two sets. Also, the table shows the mean of
different statements with a corresponding verbal description.
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Table 2.0 Alcohol use
STATEMENTS Mean Verbal Description

1. How often do you drink alcohol? 2.53 Often
2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when
drinking? 2.69 Often
3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol? 2.49 Sometimes
4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home? 2.91 Often
Legend:
4.00 – 3.25 Always
3.24 – 2.50 Often
2.49- 1.75 Sometimes
1.724– 1.00 Never
Table 2.1 Perceptions in Drinking Alcohol
STATEMENTS Mean Verbal Description

1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to. 2.09 Disagree
2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel good. 2.05 Disagree
3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal. 2.11 Disagree
4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is Disagree
considered as drinking socially. 2.05
5. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent. 2.97 Agree
6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful. 2.60 Agree
7. I am against using alcohol at any time. 2.65 Agree
8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial. 2.65 Agree
9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions. 2.50 Agree
10. I am favorable to drinking moderately. 2.57 Agree
11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence. 2.52 Agree
12. There are people who know how to drink and know how to Agree
control themselves. 2.65
Legend:
4.00 – 3.25 Strongly Disagree
3.24 – 2.50 Agree
2.49- 1.75 Disagree
1.74– 1.00 Strongly Disagree
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The tables 2.0 and 2.1 show the opinion of the respondents in every
corresponding statement. 2.97 or 31.60% of the respondents agrees with the statement
that beverages, in any amount can make an individual dependent. 2.65 or 35.06% of
the respondents are against in using alcohol at any time. 2.65 or 43.83% of the
respondents agrees with the statement that alcohol in small amounts is considered
beneficial. 2.65 or 33.09% of the respondents agrees with the statement that there are
people who knows how to drink and knows how to control themselves. 2.05 or 29.38%
of the respondents agrees with the statement that alcoholic beverages are enjoyable,
and it can make people feel good. 2.09 or 15.43% of the respondents disagrees with the
statement that people have the right to drink if they want to. 2.11 or 25.68% of the
respondents disagrees with the statement that the use of alcohol is normal. Also, 2.91
or 14.94% of the respondents said that their parents often permit them to drink alcohol
at home. And that when they drink 2.69 or 18.89% respondents often have five or more
drinks of alcohol at a time. 2.49 or 20.74% of the respondents said that their parents
sometimes know they drink alcohol.
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Significant Differences of the Respondents
Table 3.0 Age of the Respondents
Statements Age
16 17 18 19
Mean VD Mean VD Mean VD Mean VD
1. How often do you drink alcohol? 3.33 Always 2.19 Sometimes 2.04 Sometimes 2.05 Sometimes
2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of
3.50 Always 2.06 Sometimes 2.04 Sometimes 2.05 Sometimes
alcohol at a time when drinking?
3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol? 2.17 Sometimes 1.98 Sometimes 2.13 Sometimes 2.37 Sometimes
4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol
2.50 Often 1.97 Sometimes 2.08 Sometimes 1.95 Sometimes
at home?
1. I believe people have the right to drink if they

3.50 Strongly 3.02 Agree 2.97 Agree 2.65 Agree
want to.
Agree
2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make
2.50 Agree 2.63 Agree 2.61 Agree 2.33 Agree
people feel good.
3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal. 2.83 Strongly 2.70 Agree 2.65 Agree 2.47 Agree
Agree
4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic

3.00 Agree 2.64 Agree 2.66 Agree 2.51 Agree
beverage is considered as drinking socially.
5.Beverages, in any amount, will make an

2.67 Agree 2.52 Agree 2.45 Disagree 3.16 Agree
individual dependent.
6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is
3.00 Agree 2.59 Agree 2.58 Agree 2.33 Disagree
not harmful.
7. I am against using alcohol at any time. 2.67 Agree 2.54 Agree 2.52 Agree 2.44 Disagree
8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered

3.33 Strongly 2.68 Agree 2.65 Agree 2.47 Disagree
beneficial.
Agree
9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions. 3.17 Agree 2.57 Agree 2.53 Agree 2.40 Disagree
10. I am favorable to drinking moderately. 3.17 Agree 2.74 Agree 2.68 Agree 2.56 Agree
11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause
3.17 Agree 2.54 Agree 2.46 Disagree 2.44 Disagree
dependence
12. There are people who know how to drink
3.67 Strongly 2.92 Agree 2.91 Agree 2.70 Agree
and know how to control themselves.
Agree
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The table 3.0 shows the perceptions in drinking alcohol of the respondents in
relation to their age. 16 years old respondents strongly agreed on the following
statements: “There are people who knows how to drink and knows how to control
themselves.” with a mean of 3.67, “I believe people have the right to drink if they want
to.” with a mean of 3.50, and “Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial.” with
a mean of 3.33. There are respondents who agreed on the following statements:
“Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and can make people feel good.” with a mean of
2.50, “Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent” with a mean of
2.67, “I am against in using alcohol at any time” with a mean of 2.67, and “The use of
alcoholic beverages is normal” with a mean of 2.83.
17 years old respondents have different opinions wherein the respondents
agreed on the following statements: “ I believe people have the right to drink if they want
to” with a mean of 3.02, “There are people who knows how to drink and knows how to
control themselves” with a mean of 2.92, “alcoholic beverages are normal” with a mean
of 2.70, “Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual independent” with a mean of
2.52, “I am against in using alcohol at the same time” with a mean of 2.54, “Small
amounts of alcohol can cause dependence” with a mean of 2.54, and “Alcohol relieves
daily tension” with a mean of 2.57.
18 years old respondents also have different opinions wherein the respondents
agreed with the following statements: “I believe people have the right to drink if they
want to” with a mean of 2.97, “There are people who knows how to drink and knows
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how to control themselves” with a mean of 2.91, “I am favorable to drinking moderately”
with a mean of 2.68. there are 18 years old respondents who disagreed with the
following statements: “Beverages in any amount, will make an individual dependent”
with a mean of 2.45, and “Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence” with a
mean of 2.46. there are respondents who are against with alcohol use at any time, with
a mean of 2.52.
19 years old respondents also have different opinions from the other age group.
The respondents agreed on the following statements: “Beverages, in any amount, will
make an individual dependent” with a mean of 3.16, “There are people who knows how
to drink and knows how to control themselves” with a mean of 2.70, “I believe people
have the right to drink if they want to” with a mean of 2.65. There are 19 years old
respondents who disagreed on the following statements: “Drinking alcoholic beverages
is not harmful” with a mean of 2.33, “alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions” with
a mean of 2.40, “I believe people have the right to drink if they want to” with a mean of
2.44, and “Small amount of alcohol can cause dependence” with a mean of 2.44.
When it comes to the alcohol use of the respondents, 16 years old respondents
always drink alcohol while other age range sometimes drink alcohol. 16 years old
respondents said that when they drink alcohol they always have five or more drink at a
time while other age range consumes five or more drink sometimes. And according to
all the respondents their parents sometimes know if they consume or drink alcohol. The
parents of the respondents whose age group is from 17-19 sometimes permit their
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children to drink alcohol at home while according to the 16 years old respondents, their
parents often permits them to drink alcohol at home.
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Table 3.1 Sex of the Respondents
Sex
Statements Male Female
Verbal Verbal
Mean Mean
Description Description
1.97 Sometimes 2.26 Sometimes
1. How often do you drink alcohol?
2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when 1.96 Sometimes 2.19 Sometimes
drinking?
3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol?
4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home?
2.97 Agree 2.97 Agree
1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to.
2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel good.
3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal.
4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is 2.59 Agree 2.73 Agree
considered as drinking socially.
2.36 Disagree 2.71 Agree
5. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent.
6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful.
7. I am against using alcohol at any time.
8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial.
9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions.
10. I am favorable to drinking moderately.
11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence.
12. There are people who know how to drink and know how to 2.92 Agree 2.88 Agree
control themselves.
Table 3.1 shows that male respondents agreed on the following statements: “I
believe people have the right to drink if they want to.” with a mean of 2.97, “There are
people who know how to drink and know how to control themselves.” With a mean of
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2.92, and “I am favorable to drinking moderately.” with a mean of 2.64. There are male
respondents who disagreed on the following statements. “Beverages, in any amount,
will make an individual dependent.” With a mean of 2.36, “small amounts of alcohol can
cause dependence.” With a mean of 2.39, and “Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily
tensions.” With a mean of 2.46.
For the female respondents, they agreed on the following statements: “I believe
people have the right to drink if they want to” with a mean of 2.97, “There are people
who know how to drink and know how to control themselves” with a mean of 2.88, “I am
favorable to drinking moderately” with a mean of 2.77, “I am against using alcohol at
any time” with a mean of 2.50, “Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions” with a
mean of 2.61, and “Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful” with a mean
of 2.62.
Both male and female said that they sometimes drink alcohol, and when they
drink they sometimes have five or more drink of alcohol at a time when drinking.
According to male and female respondents, their parents sometimes know they drink
alcohol and sometimes permits them to drink at home.
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Table 3.2 Strands of the Respondents
Strands
Statements ABM HUMSS STEM
Verbal Verbal Verbal
Mean Mean Mean
Description Description Description
2.03 Sometimes 2.03 Sometimes 2.13 Sometimes
2. Do you ever have five or more drinks 1.97 Sometimes 2.11 Sometimes 2.08 Sometimes
of alcohol at a time when drinking?
3. Do your parents know you drink 2.13 Sometimes 2.21 Sometimes 2.08 Sometimes
alcohol?
4. Do your parents permit you to drink 2.03 Sometimes 2.11 Sometimes 2.04 Sometimes
alcohol at home?
1. I believe people have the right to 2.95 Agree 2.99 Agree 2.97 Agree
drink if they want to.
2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable 2.54 Agree 2.58 Agree 2.62 Agree
and make people feel good.
3. The use of alcoholic beverages is 2.58 Agree 2.64 Agree 2.68 Agree
normal.
4. I believe that drinking any type of
2.60 Agree 2.62 Agree 2.68 Agree
alcoholic beverage is considered as
drinking socially.
5. Beverages, in any amount, will make 2.32 Disagree 2.57 Agree 2.59 Agree
an individual dependent.
6. Drinking alcoholic beverages 2.54 Agree 2.53 Agree 2.59 Agree
moderately is not harmful.
7. I am against using alcohol at any 2.47 Disagree 2.61 Agree 2.54 Agree
time.
8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is 2.54 Agree 2.61 Agree 2.71 Agree
considered beneficial.
9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily 2.44 Disagree 2.50 Agree 2.58 Agree
tensions.
10. I am favorable to drinking 2.60 Agree 2.71 Agree 2.73 Agree
moderately.
11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause 2.37 Disagree 2.42 Disagree 2.55 Agree
dependence.
12. There are people who know how to
2.89 Agree 2.89 Agree 2.92 Agree
drink and know how to control
themselves.
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Table 3.2 shows the perception of the respondents according to the strand of the
respondents. The table shows that respondents under the strand of ABM agreed on the
following statements: “I believe people have the right to drink if they want to” with a
mean of 2.95, “There are people who know how to drink and know how to control
themselves” with a mean of 2.89, “I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage
is considered as drinking socially” with a mean of 2.60, “I am favorable to drinking
moderately” with a mean of 2.60. There are respondents from ABM strand who
disagreed with the following statement: “Beverages, in any amount, will make an
individual dependent” with a mean of 2.32, “Small amounts of alcohol can cause
dependence” with a mean of 2.37, and “Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions”
with a mean of 2.44.
Respondents under the HUMSS strand agreed on the following statements: “I
believe people have the right to drink if they want to” with a mean of 2.99, “There are
people who know how to drink and know how to control” with a mean of 2.89, and “I am
favorable to drinking moderately” with a mean of 2.71. there are respondents coming
from STEM who disagreed with the statement: “Small amounts of alcohol can cause
dependence” with a mean of 2.42. Respondents also agreed on the following
statements: “Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions” with a mean of 2.50, and
“Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful” with a mean of 2.53, I am
against using alcohol at any time.
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Respondents under the STEM strand agreed on the following questions: “I
believe people have the right to drink if they want to” with a mean of 2.97, “There are
people who know how to drink and know how to control themselves” with a mean of
2.92, “I am favorable to drinking moderately” with a mean of 2.73, “I am against using
alcohol at any time” with a mean of 2.54, “Small amounts of alcohol can cause
dependence” with a mean of 2.55, and “Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions”
with a mean of 2.58.
All respondents coming from different strands said that they sometimes drink
alcohol and when they drink they sometimes have five or more drinks of alcohol at a
time when drinking. According to all respondents their parents sometimes know they
drink alcohol and sometimes permits them to drink at home.
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Chapter 5
The following chapter concludes this report. A summary of the research is
presented, and findings of the study are discussed and interpreted. Recommendations
for further research end the chapter.
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
Summary
This study is a quantitative study which was designed to know the perceptions of
grade 12 students in drinking alcohol at Notre Dame of Marbel University, and it is
designed to know the significant difference of alcohol use to age, gender and strand of
the respondents. As per design the total respondents of this study comprised of grade
12 students with age ranging from 16 to 19 years. The respondents consist of 810
students with 324 males and 486 females. The respondents were given a questionnaire
adapted from Margarita Antonia Villa Luis II on the development and validation of a
scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics. To obtain data for the
perceptions of grade 12 students in drinking and their alcohol use, the percentage of the
total responses obtained from the respondents were used. Hence the overall data
respective to each variable was collected.
Within the given age range of the respondents (16-19 years old) 16 years old
respondents are the one who always drink compared to other age range, and when they
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drink, they sometimes have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time. All respondents
claimed that sometimes their parents know that they drink alcohol and often permits
them to drink alcohol at home. In relation to their sexes with their alcohol use and
perception, both male and female sometimes drink alcohol with five or more drinks at a
time. In relation to their strand with their alcohol use and perception, all respondents
coming from different strands claimed that they sometimes drink alcohol with five or
more drinks at a time.
The results from the data gathered shows that the respondents agreed on the
statements five to twelve and disagreed on the statements one to four. And with that
there was a significant difference in terms of age, sex, and strand of the respondents.
Conclusion
From the analysis it was found out that:
1. Grade 12 students who most likely always indulge themselves in alcoholic
drinking were females whose age is 16 years old under the strand of STEM.
While students whose age ranges from 17-19 sometimes indulge into alcoholic
drinking.
2. Grade 12 students believe that people have the rights to drink alcohol if they
want to. They believe that the consumption of alcohol is fine if the usage of
alcohol is not harmful, and it can make anyone feels good.
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3. There is a significant difference in terms of age, sex, and strand regarding
alcohol use.
Recommendations
Long term assessments are particularly constrained by the availability and
reliability of recorded data. The frequency, and often the methodology, in which
censuses and surveys are made do not always suit the purposes of this kind of
research. Base from our study, the researchers focused on the perceptions of grade 12
students with the sub-variables age, sex and strand. The researchers believed that the
consumption of alcoholic beverages is fine whether what age, sex and strands they
belong. But the researchers suggested that this kind of attitude towards alcohol should
be lessened.
For the school, the researchers would like to recommend that the guidance office
will conduct more programs and seminars that emphasizes how to control the alcohol
intake of the students, the school must raise an awareness to the students about the
bad effects of alcohol if overused.
For the parents, the researchers would like to recommend that they should have
a parent and child talk especially refreshing the do’s and the don’ts rule.
Lastly, for the students who drinks alcohol we recommend control to their
alcoholic beverages consumption

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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A
January ___, 2018
MRS. LEANN JESTER D. ROSALI, MS

Senior High School Principal Coordinator
Dear Ma’am:
We the researchers of Senior High School STEM 12-9 students of NDMU will conduct a research entitled
“Perceptions of Grade 12 Students at NDMU for Drinking Alcohol.” In line with this, we would like to
ask permission from your good office to conduct a survey in selected senior high school students in
NDMU in order to gather data that will provide information to answer the problem that were set at the
beginning of this endeavor.
Hoping for your positive and immediate response on this request.
Thank you and Mabuhay!
Respectfully yours,
TALAGTAG, KIETH LESTER, M.

Leader/Researcher
Noted by:
MRS. ANALYN M. CABATINGAN, PhD

Subject Teacher/Adviser
Approved by:
MRS. LEANN JESTER D. ROSALI, MS

Senior High School Coordinator
APPENDIX B
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Dear Respondent,
We, the Grade 12 Students of Notre Dame of Marbel University taking up the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) Strand, are
having our practical Research II for the 2nd Semester. Presently, we are conducting research on the study entitled “Perception of Grade 12 Students at NDMU in
Drinking Alcohol”. The purpose of this study is to know and discuss the insights and perceptions of Grade 12 NDMU Students in drinking alcohol.
In line with this, we would like you to be a respondent in our study. The information that will be gathered from you will be kept with confidentiality.
We are sincerely hoping for your consideration and kind cooperation.
Truly yours,
MR. KIETH LESTER M. TALAGTAG

Leader/Researcher
A. Profile of the Respondent
Name (optional): _______________ Age: ___ Sex: ____ Strand and Section: ____________
B. Questionnaire
Direction: Please check the box of your choice to represent your answer that best fits with how the following applies to you. Use the rating scale provided below.
SCALE:
4- Always 2- Sometimes
3- Often 1- Never
4 3 2 1
2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when drinking?
3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol?
4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home?
C. Perception of Students Drinking Alcohol

Directions: Read each statement mentioned thoroughly and check the box with the answer that best fits you. The following are the indicators:
Scale Response
4 Strongly Agree
3 Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
STATEMENTS 4 3 2 1
1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to.
2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel good.
3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal.
4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is considered as drinking socially.
5. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent.
6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful.
7. I am against using alcohol at any time.
8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial.
9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions.
10. I am favorable to drinking moderately.
11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence.
12. There are people who know how to drink and know how to control themselves.
Thank you for your participation!
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CURRICULUM VITAE OF THE RESEARCHERS
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Name: Nestor G. Diosana, Jr.
Birthdate: July 26, 1999
Place of Birth: Rural Health Unit, Sto. Niño, South
Cotabato
Mobile Number: M. Roxas, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato
Mobile number: 09362690889
Place of Education:
Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – STEM Strand
Junior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – IBED
Elementary: Montessori Casa Precious Jewels
Hobbies: Watching movies, K-Dramas,
anime, and T.V. shows
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Name: Noel John Z. Jaducan
Birthdate: December 8, 1999
Place of Birth: Koronadal City
Current Address: Medallia Milagrosa, Tampakan, South Cotabato
Mobile Number: 09153349759
Place of Education:
Junior High School: Notre Dame – Siena School of Marbel
Elementary: Mary Land School of Marbel
Hobbies: Biking, modeling
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Name: Marlou P. Ponte II
Birthdate: March 09, 1999
Place of Birth: Koronadal City
Current Address: Purok Ramos, Sta. Cruz,
Koronadal City
Place of Education:
Junior High School: Notre Dame – Siena School of Marbel
Elementary: Notre Dame – Siena School of Marbel
Hobbies: Drawing, sketching
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Name: Adrian Bernard A. Recinto
Birthdate: August 07, 1999
Place of Birth: Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat
Current Address: Zone II – A, Capurihan
Subdivision, Surallah, South Cotabato
Place of Education:
Junior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – IBED
Elementary: Notre Dame of Marbel University – IBED
Hobbies: Watching vlogs and anime, playing musical instruments, writing stories,
singing, composing songs, playing basketball
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Name: Claire Nicolle C. Robles
Birthdate: July 09, 1999
Place of Birth: Tibpuan, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat
Current Address: Tibpuan, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat
Contact: 09105462619
Place of Education:
Junior High School: Lebak Legislated National High School
Elementary: Gestosani Memorial Elementary School
Hobbies: Reading, writing novels, watching K-Dramas, drawing
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Name: Kieth Lester M. Talagtag
Birthdate: May 23, 1999
Place of Birth: Poblacion II, Lebak, Sultan
Kudarat
Current Address: Brgy. Nuling, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat
Mobile Number: 09089976890
Place of Education:
Junior High School: Banga National High School
Elementary: Nuling Elementary School
Hobbies: Playing different musical instruments, reading novels & educational materials,
singing, dancing, composing songs
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JMJ Marist Brothers

Notre Dame of Marbel University

documented the relationship between alcohol consumption and interpersonal violence.

the offense. (Greenfeld, 1998).

antiseptic, and analgesic benefits; quenching thirst; facilitating relaxation; promoting

conviviality and social cohesion; increasing the pleasure of eating; providing

However, in Notre Dame of Marbel University (NDMU), there are several

that is consumed on university campuses. In anonymous studies, in nationwide surveys

consumption, preventative programs on campus are aimed at educating students about

reported alcohol consumption norms. Nineteen percent of students surveyed nationwide

these ideas, the study is conducted.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study will determine the Perception on Drinking Alcohol of Grade 12

Students of Notre Dame of Marbel University:

Specifically, it seeks to answer the questions:

2. What are the perceptions of the respondents in drinking alcohol?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

12 students in drinking alcohol; furthermore, this research can contribute new

help them approach students regarding alcoholism.

in the students’ performance in school.

relation to their use of alcohol.

main focus and forms the structure of the research paper.

Perception of Teenagers in Drinking Alcohol

Alcohol Use Participants:

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Related Literature and Studies

Historically, alcoholic beverages have served as sources of needed nutrients.

Cider, wherein it is made from fermented apple juice, it is sometimes referred to as

increasing the risk of all sorts of diseases. (Arnarson, 2017)

There is a theory called Alcohol – Expectancy theory, wherein this theory

different emotional responses. For example, 53 percent of respondents reported that

According to Salas-Wright, Reingle Gonzalez, Vaughn, Schwartz & Jetelina

expectancies, Sensitivity and tolerance to alcohol, Personality Characteristics and

Psychiatric Comorbidity, Hereditary Factors, and environmental aspect. (National

understand and prevent underage alcohol use is to view drinking as it relates to

development. This “whole system” approach to underage drinking considers an

adolescent’s unique risk and protective factors—from genetics and personality

characteristics to social and environmental factors. Viewed in this way, development

attention has been directed toward drinking among college women.

by what he termed "conventionality." By this he referred to the "acceptance of the

(1965) additionally pointed out that women traditionally tended to be economically

increase women’s' exposure to alcohol and opportunities to drink; might modify

differentials (Hanson and Engs, in press).

correcting misperceptions by providing normative feedback on prevailing drinking

consumption by correcting the misperception (Bertholet, 2010)

than the ones reported for schizophrenia (Peluso, 2007).

Teenagers, as a population group, incorporate cultural patterns that are valued in

characterized as a facilitator and a precondition of interaction and permanence within a

profile of senior high school students.

The study uses hypothesis in statistics that proposes that no statistical

significance or no relationship exists in a set of given observations. It shows that no

mean. It presumes to be true until statistical evidence nullities it for an alternative.

define the following terms:

Alcohol – A beverage. It is classed as a depressant, meaning that it slows down vital

functions — resulting in slurred speech, unsteady movement, disturbed perceptions and

an inability to react quickly.

or drinking too much at a time.

Perception – Is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory

information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the

students in drinking alcohol at Notre Dame of Marbel University. Many activities in

locale, research respondents, research instrument, data gathering procedures and