Perception of Grade 12 Students in Drinking Alcohol

JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University

Integrated Basic Education Department
Senior High School
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
Alcohol use is a widely discussed topic, but a vast body of research has
documented the relationship between alcohol consumption and interpersonal
violence. More than any illegal drug, alcohol was found to be closely associated
with violent crimes, including murder, rape, assault, child and spousal abuse.
Convicted offenders under the jurisdiction of corrections agencies in 1996 have
been drinking at the time of the offense. (Greenfeld, 1998).
Arnarson (2017) believed that aside from alcohol involvement in crime,
drinking too much alcohol can take a serious toll on health. That is mainly because
alcohol is metabolized by the liver and frequent consumption can lead to increased
fat inside liver cells. Heavy drinking can also increase the risk of certain types of
cancer, especially mouth and throat. Lastly chronic alcohol abuse can impair brain
function permanently and will have detrimental effects on the body that most likely
fall to death.
The researchers were drawn to this topic because they are determined to
help their fellow teenagers and underage students in understanding alcohol
consumption for it is known that alcohol have many effects not just in the body, but
also the social, and in the academic life of the user. Underage drinking is prevailing
1
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
in many schools this will help the school, parents, and policy- makers to be more
involve in raising this awareness and will sooner reduce such cases.
The effect of alcohol varies between individuals and depends on the amount
consumed and the type of alcoholic beverages the user will intake. Historically,
moderate consumption of alcohol has been linked to health benefits. It has been
produced and consumed by humans for thousands of years and have played an
important role in our health; supplying nutrition and energy; providing medicinal,
antiseptic, and analgesic benefits; quenching thirst; facilitating relaxation;
promoting conviviality and social cohesion; increasing the pleasure of eating;
providing pharmacological pleasure; and generally enhancing the quality and
pleasures of life. (Hanson, 2013)
However, in Notre Dame of Marbel University (NDMU), there are several
conflicting ideas. Among teenagers today, there are a large variety of positions
towards drinking alcohol. Misperceptions exist among students regarding the
amount of alcohol that is consumed on university campuses. In anonymous
studies, in nationwide surveys during 1998 and 1999, students grossly
overestimated the average amount of alcohol their peer group reported consuming
and the number of people who drank heavily (Perkins et. al,1999). Applying the
idea that the perceived extent of alcohol use among peers ultimately influences
student decisions regarding his or her own alcohol consumption, preventative
programs on campus are aimed at educating students about reported alcohol
2
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
consumption norms. Nineteen percent of students surveyed nationwide abstain
from drinking alcohol (Wechsler, 1996). Recent prevention programs are designed
to educate students about their peer group’s abstinence rates, in the hope that
they reduce their alcohol consumption according to the norm (Sands et. al, 1998).
With these ideas, the study is conducted.
Statement of the problem
This study aimed to determine the perception of Grade 12 Students about
alcoholic drinking in Notre Dame of Marbel University:
Specifically, it sought to answer the questions:
1. What are the demographic profile in terms of age, sex and strand of the
Grade 12 students?
2. What are the perceptions of the respondents in drinking alcohol?
3. What are the perceptions of the respondents when grouped according
to age, sex, and strand regarding alcohol use?
Scope and delimitation
This study is only conducted to the Grade 12 students of Notre Dame of
Marbel University for the school year 2017-2018 and was conducted inside the
campus of NDMU. The focus of the study is to find out perception of grade 12
students in drinking alcohol.
3
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Significance of the Study
The findings of the study may provide insight about the perceptions of the
Grade 12 students in drinking alcohol, furthermore, this research can contribute
new knowledge. It might be helpful to the following entities:
To the school, this study can guide the school on what action that is needed as
they are now aware of the alcohol use and the perceptions of Senior High School
students of NDMU. To the teachers, this study will give insights about alcohol use
of students and can help them approach students regarding alcoholism. To the
parents, this study will broaden their understanding on the impact of alcohol use
in the students’ performance in school. To the students, to help them determine
and gauge their performance in school as in relation to their use of alcohol. To the
future researchers, this broadens their understanding on drinking. This study will
also serve as their reference whenever similar studies will be conducted.
4
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This shows an overview of previous related articles and related studies that
enriches the study. Also, this chapter introduced the framework of the study which
is the main focus and forms the structure of the research paper.
Conceptual Framework
The study revolves on the following listed on the table below and as an
overview of what is the perception of Grade 12 students in drinking alcohol in
NDMU
Perception of Teenagers in Drinking Alcohol
Alcohol Use Participants:

 Age
 Gender
 Strands
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
5
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Alcohol
Historically, alcoholic beverages have served as sources of needed
nutrients. They have been widely used for their medicinal, antiseptic, and analgesic
properties. The role of such beverages as thirst quenchers is obvious. They also
play an important role in enhancing the enjoyment of life. They can be a social
lubricant, facilitate relaxation, can provide pharmacological pleasure, and increase
the pleasure of eating (Hanson, 2013).
There are types of alcoholic beverages that includes beer, cider, wine, and
spirit. A beer is believed to be the alcoholic beverage that humans have been
consuming the longest. It is created by fermenting any of a variety of starches
including malted barley, rice, wheat, or maize. Types of beer include larger beers,
which are fermented and conditioned at low temperature to give them milder taste,
they are usually also a light color. Ales are made from malted barley and involve
warm fermentation with brewer’s yeast. Wheat beers are made with wheat as well
as barley that gives the beer the distinctive taste; this type of beer is particularly
popular in Europe. Fruit beers are often made by adding flavor extracts to beer
rather than fermenting fruit. Cider is made from fermented apple juice, it is
sometimes referred to as apple wine. Wine can be created from fermented grapes
or other fruits. Humans have been drinking wine for at least 8,000 years. Wine has
also its types that include red wine, rose wine, white wine, champagne, and fortified
6
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
wine. Red wine is a type of wine is made from red or black grapes. The taste of
red wine is often described as more complex than that of white wine. Rose wine is
a type of wine which is made from red grapes, but these undergo a special process
to create the rose look. White wine is a type of wine is produced using white
grapes. This type of wine has a lighter taste than the red or rose wine. Champagne
is a type of wine that bubbles from the fermentation process due to carbon dioxide
in the bottles. Fortified wine is a type of wine with distilled beverage added to them
to make them stronger. The reason why fortified wines originally became popular
was that they were easier to transport around the world by ship. Spirits, wherein it
refers to those alcoholic drinks that have been distilled to make them stronger.
Spirits have also its types that include vodka, whiskey, rum, tequila, gin, absinthe,
and liqueurs. Vodka is usually made from distillation of grains or potatoes. Whiskey
is a type of spirit that is usually made from fermented grain mash. Rum is a type
of spirit that comes from sugarcane juice. Tequila is created from the blue agave
plant. Gin is made from juniper berries. Absinthe is made from many different
flowers. Liqueurs covers a wide range of drinks that involve the addition of herbs,
nuts, fruits, spices, cream, or flowers. It is also possible to get other spirits that
have been turned into liqueurs for example vodka liqueurs (Dara, 2008).
Though most of the types of alcohol are made of plants and fruits
there is also growing concerns about the harmful effects of alcohol if abused. An
early study of drinking problem was conducted between year 1975-1985 where it
7
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
stated that alcohol is abused if involved in weekly drinking more than 5 or more
drinks per occasion (Berkowitz & Perkins, 1986). According to Arnarson (2017)
drinking too much on a single occasion or overtime can take a serious toll on your
health. That is because alcohol is metabolized by the liver, and frequent
consumption can lead to increased fat inside liver cells. It can also lead to cirrhosis.
Chronic alcohol abuse can impair brain function permanently. Also, heavy drinking
and beer are linked to increased weight gain, while moderate drinking and wine
are linked to reduced weight gain. Alcohol can also increase the risk of certain
types of cancer, especially mouth and throat cancer. Lastly chronic alcohol abuse
can have severe detrimental effects on the body and brain, increasing the risk of
all sorts of diseases (Arnarson, 2017).
Gleaner (2013) proposed that in order to lessen the number of diseases of
the alcohol users might get weigh in with her best advice for safe alcohol
consumption. That includes: (1) know your limit, (2) eat food while you drink, (3)
sip your drink, (4) accept a drink only when you really want one, (5) choose quality
rather than quantity, (6) skip a drink now and then, (7) beware of unfamiliar drinks,
(8) appoint a designated driver, (9) upper limits of drinks for males are 21 and for
females are 14 drinks per week.
There is a theory called Alcohol – Expectancy theory wherein this theory
suggests that individuals consume alcohol because they believe drinking will lead
8
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
to a certain effect. Examples are increasing social interaction and relieving tension,
and these beliefs have long been suggested to influence individuals' drinking levels
(Brown et. al, 1980). Individuals may expect different types of alcoholic beverages
to affect them in different ways, thus they may drink different types of beverages
when seeking these differential effects. Previous research suggests that
individuals perceive differences among varying types of alcoholic beverages
regarding the alcohol type's global positive (e.g., alcohol leads to good outcomes)
or negative (e.g., alcohol leads to negative outcomes) effects. Studies found
individuals reported higher negative expectancies for drinking shots of distilled
spirits and higher positive expectancies for beer and wine (Lang, Kaas, & Barnes,
1983). In relation to this study, Hudspeth (2017) gave different types of alcohol that
can give you different emotional responses. For example, 53 percent of
respondents reported that red wine made them feel relaxed. There’s a
physiological explanation for this. Red wine contains high levels of melatonin, the
hormone that tells our brains it’s time to go to bed. Another example is that beer
relaxes the user, but the carbohydrates therein also have a reputation for making
drinkers drowsy. However According to Gonzales (2013) “Alcohol is alcohol”,
which is to say that the alcohol in wine is the same as the alcohol in beer which is
all the same as the alcohol in the unholy red-cup concoction at a dorm room game
of King's Cup. That alcohol is ethyl alcohol, otherwise known as ethanol, and it'll
get you drunk. The fact that liquor tends to contain higher concentrations of ethanol
9
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
than wine, and wine higher concentrations than beer, means that the same volume
of different alcoholic beverages will get you more or less drunk, which is the
"standard drink" rule.
Age
According to Salas-Wright et. al (2016), binge drinking and violent attacks
among youth between ages twelve and twenty-four or twenty-five. Although youth
drink less often than adults does, when they do drink, they drink more. 90 percent
of young people consume alcohol by binge drinking. And binge drinking is the over
consumption of many beverages on an occasion. As people gets older, drinking
alcohol and binge drinking becomes more prevalent. As adolescents get older,
they tend to drink more. Prevalence of drinking by boys and girls is similar,
although among older adolescents, boys binge more than girls (Johnston, Miech,
& O’Malley, 2015). Underage drinking poses a range of risks and negative
consequences. It is dangerous because it causes many deaths, many injuries,
impairs judgment such as drinking and driving, sexual activity (such as unprotected
sex), and aggressive or violent behavior. It increases the risk of physical and
sexual assault. Some adolescent drinks because of risk taking, expectancies,
sensitivity and tolerance to alcohol, personality characteristics and psychiatric
comorbidity, hereditary factors, and environmental aspect. (National Institute on
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2006). Thus, perhaps the best way to understand
10
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
and prevent underage alcohol use is to view drinking as it relates to development.
This "entire framework" way to deal with underage drinking considered an
immature's exceptional hazard and defensive elements—from hereditary qualities
and identity attributes to social and ecological components. Seen along these
lines, advancement incorporates the pre-adult's characteristic hazard and strength
as well as the present conditions that assistance to shape his or her conduct
(Sroufe & Rutter, 1984.)
Gender
Alcohol was frequently used in childbirth throughout the ages and beer was
thought to fortify a woman for breast feeding. Hot toddies of various fruit tonics
have been used for centuries for menstrual cramps and for pre-menstrual tension.
In the later part of the 19th Century many women drank tonics with high alcohol
contents to ease the frustrations of child rearing or for depression. Women who
were alcoholics during this period were often labeled hysterical. They were not
called alcoholics because it conflicted with their role as good mother, wife or well-
mannered spinster (Hornik, 1977). However, alcohol consumption among women
has begun to attract increased attention. This appears to have resulted from the
rise of feminism, increased drinking by women, and health concerns such as
"hidden alcoholism" and cirrhosis of the liver (Chalfant & Roper, 1980). Because
11
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
of this, the youth are the future, considerable attention has been directed toward
drinking among college women.
Several reasons were counseled for the differential in consuming styles
between men and women (Myerson, 1940; Gusfield, 1962; Lisansky,1958).
Windham and Aldridge (1965) as well as Siegel (1952)
noted the traditional perception that the use and abuse of alcohol changed into a
male prerogative. Clark (1967) suggested that drinking differences are based
largely on the expectation that female sex roles are characterized by what he
termed "conventionality." By this he referred to the "acceptance of the dominant
'official' standards of morality and propriety" Preston (1964) similarly asserted that
drinking is often a symbol that differentiates the sexes. Windham and Aldridge
(1965) additionally pointed out that women traditionally tended to be economically
dependent on and subordinate to men. In this regard, Knupfer, Fink, &
Goffman (1963) emphasized that other members of the population who do not earn
their living by paid work also have more restricted drinking privileges than adult
free males-for example, children, prisoners, mental patients, and persons on relief.
Wilsnack & Wilsnack (1978) point out that increased drinking among females might
be a result of the women’s movement and changes in women’s roles, especially
changes that involve exposure to formerly masculine environments and roles.
They suggest that changes in sex roles might increase women’s exposure to
alcohol and opportunities to drink. It might modify traditional norms against female
12
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
drinking, thereby making drinking more permissible and might offer females new
goals and aspirations, hence, causing stress that alcohol might be used to reduce.
Recent study of Palmera (2010) about alcoholism states that men are more
at risk for abusing or becoming dependent on alcohol than women. But the drops
in the price, which has led to wine and beer becoming regular items in the
supermarket shopping trolley and part of everyday life at home, has also been a
factor, alongside deliberate marketing targeted at women (Sarah Boseley, 2016).
Men are also constantly more than two times as likely as women to record
continual heavy ingesting (at suggest intake thresholds various from forty to eighty
grams of ethanol a day) (de Lima et. al, 2003). Recurrent alcohol intoxication is
much more prevalent and more frequent among men than among women (Hao,
2004; Makela et al, 2001; Rehm et al., 2001). It is said that among late teenagers
or college students gender gaps in continual or episodic heavy ingesting may be
smaller (Dawson et. al, 2004) Men are much more likely than women to record
diagnosable alcohol abuse, both currently Bijl, et. al, (2002) or as a life-
time enjoyment (Kawakami et al., 2004; Meyer et al., 2000). Men are also much
more likely than women to report diagnosable alcohol dependence, currently or as
a lifetime. A higher percentage of men are likely to drink, to drink more often, to
consume more, and to experience more drinking problems than women. While the
differentials in drinking patterns and problems might be narrowing, they clearly
13
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
remain significant and potent. To be most effective, alcohol policies and programs
must reflect these continuing differentials (Hanson & Engs, in press).
Perceptions
According to Social Norms Theory, our perceptions and beliefs of what is
‘normal’ behavior by others will influence our own behavior (Berkowitz, 2005). This
implies that what others do may influence us to do also what they called so as
'normal' but for others is not. Eventually the environment where we are will push
us into doing things that what they believe is normal. An act that what used to be
not normal will just became an ordinary act to everyone. For example, the belief
that others drink heavily will have considerable influence on the amount a person
drinks. According to Myers (2010) Our perceptions are only one small step in
getting to the truth. Humans quest for knowledge begins with sensory input. The
collection of sensory inputs about an object leads to our perception of what that
object is (consider the feel, smell, and taste of a lemon). Then our capacity for
reason begins (Myers, 2010). Alcohol use interventions should aim at correcting
misperceptions by providing normative feedback on prevailing drinking norms.
One hypothesis is that individuals with heavy alcohol use should decrease their
consumption by correcting the misperception (Bertholet, 2010)
Peluso (2007) studied the popular perception show that individuals with
alcohol dependence are viewed as more responsible for their problem, and more
14
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
violent and unpredictable than other individuals affected by mental disorders. They
provoke more negative reactions in the population such as a desire for greater
social distance and greater rejection than individuals with other disorders, except
for drug dependence. In addition, alcohol dependence is one of the conditions for
which the public is least willing to spend public financial resources. These negative
reactions are even more frequent than the ones reported for schizophrenia
Teenagers, as a population group, incorporate cultural patterns that are
valued in the context in which they are integrated. Alcohol consumption by
adolescents is related to the specific group behavior of this age and may be
influenced by friends and characterized as a facilitator and a precondition of
interaction and permanence within a group. The risk of adolescents beginning to
consume alcohol rises because of their position in the social network of friends,
and friends of friends. This consumption is positively and significantly correlated
when family members are also consumers. Parenting styles and parental attitudes
and behaviors are significant factors associated with heavy drinking. However,
there is a lack of studies in relationship to the perception of teenagers on the
aspects involved to the initiation and persistence of this habit (Freitas, 2014)
HYPOTHESIS
Ho: There is no significant difference between the alcohol use and the
demographic profile of Senior High School students.
15
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
The study uses hypothesis in statistics that proposes that no statistical
significance or no relationship exists in a set of given observations. It shows that
no variation exists between variables or that a single variable is no difference than
its mean. It presumes to be true until statistical evidence nullifies it for an
alternative.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
To have an easy and better understanding of terms for the readers, the
researchers define the following terms:
Alcohol is a beverage. It is classed as a depressant, meaning that it slows down
vital functions — resulting in slurred speech, unsteady movement, disturbed
perceptions and an inability to react quickly.
Alcohol Use is an unhealthy or dangerous drinking habits, such as drinking every
day or drinking too much at a time.
Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory
information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the
environment
16
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the strategic plan to know the perceptions of Grade
12 students in drinking alcohol at Notre Dame of Marbel University. Many
activities in conducting the research including the following operations: research
design, research locale, research respondents, research instrument, data
gathering procedures and data analysis.
Research Design
The descriptive survey method was used in this study. The study described
the perception on drinking alcohol of Grade 12 students of NDMU. Description was
based on the demographic profile, the extent of drinking alcohol, and the
perception of grade 12 students.
17
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Perceptions of Grade 12 Students in Drinking

Alcohol at Notre Dame of Marbel University
Locale of the Study
Demographic Profile Notre Dame of Marbel

University
Age
Respondents of the study
Sex
Grade 12 Students
Strand
Instrument
Extent of Drinking Questionnaires about the

Alcohol perceptions of the respondents
Data gathering procedure
Ask permission from the

principal’s office
Data Analysis
Mean
Frequency
Figure 2. Research Paradigm
T-test ANOVA
18
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Research Locale
Notre Dame of Marbel University was chosen as the location by the
researchers to conduct their study. The University, located in Koronadal City,
South Cotabato where it offers senior high schooling will be a perfect locale for the
study because it is accessible for the researchers and the respondents are in big
population, good for conducting quantitative study.
Figure 3. Location Map
19
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Research Respondent
The respondents were the Grade 12 senior high school students of
NDMU from the strands ABM, HUMSS, and STEM. The respondents is perfect for
the study because of the big population and their diverse profiles.
Table 1. Distribution of respondents per section
Section Total population No. of respondents
STEM 12-1 50 50
STEM 12-2 49 49
STEM 12-3 49 49
STEM 12-4 52 52
STEM 12-5 50 50
STEM 12-6 51 51
STEM 12-7 48 48
STEM 12-8 51 51
STEM 12-9 49 49
STEM 12-10 49 49
ABM 12-1 47 47
ABM 12-2 50 50
20
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
ABM 12-3 51 50
ABM 12-4 49 49
HUMSS 12-1 39 39
HUMSS 12-2 37 37
HUMSS 12-3 37 37
TOTAL 810 810
Research and Instrumentation
This study used the questionnaire in order to gather data for the completion
of the study. The questionnaire is adapted from Margarita Antonia Villar Luis II on
the Development and Validation of a Scale of Attitudes towards Alcohol,
Alcoholism, and Alcoholics. The questionnaire is composed of three parts. The first
part asked about the demographic profile of the respondents their name which is
optional, age, sex, and their strand and section. The second part with 4 questions
which are about their extent of drinking alcohol. The respondents are given 4
choices: always, often, sometimes, and never. The third part have 12 statements
which are about their perception on drinking alcohol. The respondents are asked
to rate the statements by the researcher given response: strongly agree, agree,
disagree, and strongly disagree.
21
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Data Gathering
Permission was asked from the principal of Senior High School. A formal
letter of communication was sent explaining the purpose and nature of the study.
The permission was granted. The researchers went room to room to spread survey
sheets. The purpose of their survey was explained clearly to be understood by the
respondents. The respondents answered the questionnaire. Then, the
respondents’ answers were collated and tabulated.
Data Analysis
The results from the survey will be analyzed through tallying method. The
answers of the respondents, based on their age, gender, and strand would be
tallied by the researchers to determine the alcohol use of the grade 12 Senior High
School students of NDMU. In identifying the frequencies and percentages to
answer all the questions in the questionnaire, we used the descriptive statistical
analysis. The results are presented using graphs and tables, followed by a relevant
discussion.
22
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter describes the analysis of data followed by a discussion of
the research findings. The findings of the research relate to the research questions
that guides the study.
Profile of the Respondents
This set of data was intended to describe demographic variables of the
sample and to assess for any influences on the research findings. The
demographic data consisted of age were in respondents whose age category is
from 16-19, male and female for the sex of the respondents, and STEM, ABM, and
HUMSS for the strand of the respondents.
23
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Table 2: Frequency of Profile of Respondents

Age Profile Frequency Percentage (%)
16 6
0.74%
17 196
24.20%
18 565
69.75%
19 43
5.31%
Total 810
100.00%
Male 324
40.00%
Sex Female 486
60.00%
Total 810
100.00%
ABM 205
25.31%
HUMSS 118
14.57%
Strand STEM 487
60.12%
Total 810
100.00%
Age of the respondents is one of the most important characteristics in
understanding their views about the problems in the age indicates level of maturity
of individuals in that sense age becomes more important to examine the response.
The respondents have been classified into four groups of age: 16 years old as to
be the youngest of all the respondents, 17 years old, 18 years old and 19 years
old as to be the oldest of all the respondents who answered the questionnaires.
24
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Table 2 indicates that there were no respondents whose age was less than 16
years old. Among 810 respondents who have been given a questionnaire, 0.74%
responded that they are 16 years old, 5.31% of the respondents are 19 years old,
24.20% of the respondents responded to be 17 years old, and more than half
(69.75%) of the respondents are 18 years old. It means that the majority of our
respondents were under the age group of eighteen, and the least respondents
were under the age group of 16.
It is quite clear that out of the total respondents investigated for this study,
overwhelming majority (60%) of them were females whereas about 40% were
found to be males. Out of 810 respondents 14.57% of the respondents responded
to be a HUMSS students, 25.31% of the respondents responded to be an ABM
student, and more than half (60.12%) of the respondents responded to be a STEM
student. It means that the researchers have a greater number of 18-year-old
female respondents under the strand of STEM.
Perceptions of the Respondents in Drinking Alcohol
The table 3 shows the statements that can be found in the questionnaires
given to the respondents in able to know their perceptions in drinking alcohol. The
researchers divided 16 questions into two sets. Also, the table shows the mean of
different statements with a corresponding verbal description.
25
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Table 3 Alcohol Use

STATEMENTS Mean Verbal Description
1. How often do you drink alcohol? 2.53 Often
2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when
drinking? 2.69 Often
3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol? 2.49 Sometimes
4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home? 2.91 Often
Legend:
4.00 – 3.25 Always
3.24 – 2.50 Often
2.49- 1.75 Sometimes
1.724– 1.00 Never
Table 4 Perceptions in Drinking Alcohol
STATEMENTS Mean Verbal Description

1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to. 2.09 Disagree
2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel Disagree
good. 2.05
3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal. 2.11 Disagree
4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is Disagree
considered as drinking socially. 2.05
5. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual Agree
dependent. 2.97
6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful. 2.60 Agree
7. I am against using alcohol at any time. 2.65 Agree
8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial. 2.65 Agree
9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions. 2.50 Agree
10. I am favorable to drinking moderately. 2.57 Agree
11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence. 2.52 Agree
12. There are people who know how to drink and know how Agree
to control themselves. 2.65
Legend:
4.00 – 3.25 Strongly Disagree
3.24 – 2.50 Agree
2.49- 1.75 Disagree
1.74– 1.00 Strongly Disagree
26
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
The tables 3 and 4 show the opinion of the respondents in every
corresponding statement. 2.97 or 31.60% of the respondents agrees with the
statement that beverages, in any amount can make an individual dependent. 2.65
or 35.06% of the respondents are against in using alcohol at any time. 2.65 or
43.83% of the respondents agrees with the statement that alcohol in small
amounts is considered beneficial. 2.65 or 33.09% of the respondents agrees with
the statement that there are people who knows how to drink and knows how to
control themselves. 2.05 or 29.38% of the respondents agrees with the statement
that alcoholic beverages are enjoyable, and it can make people feel good. 2.09 or
15.43% of the respondents disagrees with the statement that people have the right
to drink if they wanted to. 2.11 or 25.68% of the respondents disagrees with the
statement that the use of alcohol is normal. Also, 2.91 or 14.94% of the
respondents said that their parents often permit them to drink alcohol at home. And
that when they drink 2.69 or 18.89% respondents often have five or more drinks of
alcohol at a time. 2.49 or 20.74% of the respondents said that their parents
sometimes know they drink alcohol.
Significant Differences of the Respondents
Tables 5, 6 and 7 shows the significant difference in relation to
age, gender and strand of the respondents in every corresponding question
given.
27
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Table 5 Age of the Respondents

Statements Age
16 17 18 19
Mean VD Mean VD Mean VD Mean VD
1. How often do you drink alcohol? 3.33 Always 2.19 Sometimes 2.04 Sometimes 2.05 Sometimes
2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of
3.50 Always 2.06 Sometimes 2.04 Sometimes 2.05 Sometimes
alcohol at a time when drinking?
3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol? 2.17 Sometimes 1.98 Sometimes 2.13 Sometimes 2.37 Sometimes
4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol
2.50 Often 1.97 Sometimes 2.08 Sometimes 1.95 Sometimes
at home?
1. I believe people have the right to drink if they

3.50 Strongly 3.02 Agree 2.97 Agree 2.65 Agree
want to.
Agree
2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make
2.50 Agree 2.63 Agree 2.61 Agree 2.33 Agree
people feel good.
3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal. 2.83 Strongly 2.70 Agree 2.65 Agree 2.47 Agree
Agree
4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic

3.00 Agree 2.64 Agree 2.66 Agree 2.51 Agree
beverage is considered as drinking socially.
5.Beverages, in any amount, will make an

2.67 Agree 2.52 Agree 2.45 Disagree 3.16 Agree
individual dependent.
6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is
3.00 Agree 2.59 Agree 2.58 Agree 2.33 Disagree
not harmful.
7. I am against using alcohol at any time. 2.67 Agree 2.54 Agree 2.52 Agree 2.44 Disagree
8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered

3.33 Strongly 2.68 Agree 2.65 Agree 2.47 Disagree
beneficial.
Agree
9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions. 3.17 Agree 2.57 Agree 2.53 Agree 2.40 Disagree
10. I am favorable to drinking moderately. 3.17 Agree 2.74 Agree 2.68 Agree 2.56 Agree
11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause
3.17 Agree 2.54 Agree 2.46 Disagree 2.44 Disagree
dependence
12. There are people who know how to drink
3.67 Strongly 2.92 Agree 2.91 Agree 2.70 Agree
and know how to control themselves.
Agree
The table 5 shows the perceptions in drinking alcohol of the respondents in
relation to their age. Sixteen years - old respondents strongly agreed on the
following statements: There are people who knows how to drink and knows how
28
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
to control themselves with a mean of 3.67, They believe people have the right to
drink if they wanted to with a mean of 3.50, and Alcohol, in small amounts, is
considered beneficial with a mean of 3.33. There are respondents who agreed on
the following statements: Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and can make people
feel good. with a mean of 2.50, Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual
dependent with a mean of 2.67, They are against in using alcohol at any time with
a mean of 2.67, and Their usage of alcoholic beverages is normal with a mean of
2.83.
17 years old respondents have different opinions wherein the respondents
agreed on the following statements: They believe people have the right to drink if
they wanted to with a mean of 3.02, There are people who knows how to drink and
knows how to control themselves with a mean of 2.92, Alcoholic beverages are
normal with a mean of 2.70, Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual
independent with a mean of 2.52, They are against using alcohol at the same time
with a mean of 2.54, Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean
of 2.54, and Alcohol relieves daily tension with a mean of 2.57.
18 years old respondents also have different opinions wherein the
respondents agreed with the following statements: They believe people have the
right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.97, There are people who knows
how to drink and knows how to control themselves with a mean of 2.91, They are
in favor of drinking moderately with a mean of 2.68. there are 18 years old
29
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
respondents who disagreed with the following statements: Beverages in any
amount, will make an individual dependent with a mean of 2.45, and Small
amounts of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean of 2.46. there are
respondents who are against with alcohol use at any time, with a mean of 2.52.
19 years old respondents also have different opinions from the other age
group. The respondents agreed on the following statements: Beverages, in any
amount, will make an individual dependent with a mean of 3.16, There are people
who knows how to drink and knows how to control themselves with a mean of 2.70,
They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.65.
There are 19 years old respondents who disagreed on the following statements:
Drinking alcoholic beverages is not harmful with a mean of 2.33, Alcoholic
beverages relieve the daily tensions with a mean of 2.40, They believe people have
the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.44, and Small amount of alcohol
can cause dependence with a mean of 2.44.
When it comes to the alcohol use of the respondents, 16 years old
respondents always drink alcohol while other age range sometimes drink alcohol.
16 years old respondents said that when they drink alcohol they always have five
or more drink at a time while other age range consumes five or more drink
sometimes. According to all the respondents their parents sometimes know if they
consume or drink alcohol. The parents of the respondents whose age group is from
17-19 sometimes permit their children to drink alcohol at home while according to
30
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
the 16 years old respondents, their parents often permits them to drink alcohol at
home.
Table 5 Sex of the Respondents
Sex
Statements Male Female
Verbal Verbal
Mean Mean
Description Description
1.97 Sometimes 2.26 Sometimes
1. How often do you drink alcohol?
2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time 1.96 Sometimes 2.19 Sometimes
when drinking?
3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol?
4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home?
2.97 Agree 2.97 Agree
1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to.
2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel 2.56 Agree 2.65 Agree
good.
3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal.
4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is 2.59 Agree 2.73 Agree
considered as drinking socially.
5. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual 2.36 Disagree 2.71 Agree
dependent.
6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful.
7. I am against using alcohol at any time.
8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial.
2.48 Disagree 2.61 Agree
9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions.
10. I am favorable to drinking moderately.
2.39 Disagree 2.63 Agree
11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence.
12. There are people who know how to drink and know how 2.92 Agree 2.88 Agree
to control themselves.
31
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Table 5 shows that male respondents agreed on the following statements:
that They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of
2.97, There are people who know how to drink and know how to control
themselves. With a mean of 2.92, and that They are in favor to drinking moderately
with a mean of 2.64. There are male respondents who disagreed on the following
statements. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent. With a
mean of 2.36, Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean of
2.39, and Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions with a mean of 2.46.
For the female respondents, they agreed on the following statements: They
believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.97, There
are people who know how to drink and know how to control themselves with a
mean of 2.88, They are in favor to drinking moderately with a mean of 2.77, They
are against using alcohol at any time with a mean of 2.50, Alcoholic beverages
relieve the daily tensions with a mean of 2.61, and Drinking alcoholic beverages
moderately is not harmful with a mean of 2.62.
Both male and female said that they sometimes drink alcohol, and when
they drink they sometimes have five or more drink of alcohol at a time when
drinking. According to male and female respondents, their parents sometimes
know they drink alcohol and sometimes permits them to drink at home.
32
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Table 6 Strand of the Respondents
Strands
Statements ABM HUMSS STEM
Verbal Verbal
Mean Mean Verbal Description Mean
Description Description
2.03 Sometimes 2.03 Sometimes 2.13 Sometimes
2. Do you ever have five or more
1.97 Sometimes 2.11 Sometimes 2.08 Sometimes
drinks of alcohol at a time when
drinking?
3. Do your parents know you drink 2.13 Sometimes 2.21 Sometimes 2.08 Sometimes
alcohol?
4. Do your parents permit you to 2.03 Sometimes 2.11 Sometimes 2.04 Sometimes
drink alcohol at home?
1. I believe people have the right to 2.95 Agree 2.99 Agree 2.97 Agree
drink if they want to.
2. Alcoholic beverages are
2.54 Agree 2.58 Agree 2.62 Agree
enjoyable and make people feel
good.
3. The use of alcoholic beverages is 2.58 Agree 2.64 Agree 2.68 Agree
normal.
4. I believe that drinking any type of
2.60 Agree 2.62 Agree 2.68 Agree
alcoholic beverage is considered as
drinking socially.
5. Beverages, in any amount, will 2.32 Disagree 2.57 Agree 2.59 Agree
make an individual dependent.
6. Drinking alcoholic beverages 2.54 Agree 2.53 Agree 2.59 Agree
moderately is not harmful.
7. I am against using alcohol at any 2.47 Disagree 2.61 Agree 2.54 Agree
time.
8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is 2.54 Agree 2.61 Agree 2.71 Agree
considered beneficial.
9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the 2.44 Disagree 2.50 Agree 2.58 Agree
daily tensions.
10. I am favorable to drinking 2.60 Agree 2.71 Agree 2.73 Agree
moderately.
11. Small amounts of alcohol can 2.37 Disagree 2.42 Disagree 2.55 Agree
cause dependence.
12. There are people who
know how to drink and 2.89 Agree 2.89 Agree 2.92 Agree
know how to control
themselves.
33
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Table 6 shows the perception of the respondents according to the strand of
the respondents. The table shows that respondents under the strand of ABM
agreed on the following statements: They believe people have the right to drink if
they wanted to with a mean of 2.95, There are people who know how to drink and
know how to control themselves with a mean of 2.89, They believe that drinking
any type of alcoholic beverage is considered as drinking socially with a mean of
2.60, They are in favor to drinking moderately with a mean of 2.60. There are
respondents from ABM strand who disagreed with the following statement:
Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent with a mean of 2.32,
Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean of 2.37, and
Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions with a mean of 2.44.
Respondents under the HUMSS strand agreed on the following statements:
They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.99,
There are people who know how to drink and know how to control with a mean of
2.89, and They are in favor to drinking moderately with a mean of 2.71. there are
respondents coming from STEM who disagreed with the statement: Small amounts
of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean of 2.42. Respondents also agreed
on the following statements: Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions with a
mean of 2.50, and Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful with a
mean of 2.53, I am against using alcohol at any time.
34
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Respondents under the STEM strand agreed on the following questions:
They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.97,
There are people who know how to drink and know how to control themselves with
a mean of 2.92, They are in favor to drinking moderately with a mean of 2.73, They
are against using alcohol at any time with a mean of 2.54, Small amounts of alcohol
can cause dependence with a mean of 2.55, and Alcoholic beverages relieve the
daily tensions with a mean of 2.58.
All respondents coming from different strands said that they sometimes
drink alcohol and when they drink they sometimes have five or more drinks of
alcohol at a time when drinking. According to all respondents their parents
sometimes know they drink alcohol and sometimes permits them to drink at home.
35
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The following chapter concludes this study. A summary of the research is
presented, and findings of the study are discussed and interpreted.
Recommendations for further research end the chapter.
Summary
1. This study is a quantitative study which was designed to know the perceptions
of Grade 12 students in drinking alcohol in NDMU, and it is designed to know the
significant difference of alcohol use to age, gender and strand of the respondents.
2. As per design the total respondents of this study comprised of grade 12
students with age ranging from 16 to 19 years. The respondents consist of 810
students with 324 males and 486 females. The respondents were given a
questionnaire adapted from Margarita Antonia Villa Luis II on the development and
validation of a scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics.
3. To obtain data for the perceptions of grade 12 students in drinking and their
alcohol use, the percentage of the total responses obtained from the respondents
were used. Hence the overall data respective to each variable was collected.
36
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
4. Within the given age range of the respondents (16-19 years old) 16 years old
respondents are the one who always drink compared to other age range, and when
they drink, they sometimes have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time. All
respondents claimed that sometimes their parents know that they drink alcohol and
often permits them to drink alcohol at home. In relation to their sexes with their
alcohol use and perception, both male and female sometimes drink alcohol with
five or more drinks at a time. In relation to their strand with their alcohol use and
perception, all respondents coming from different strands claimed that they
sometimes drink alcohol with five or more drinks at a time. The results from the
data gathered shows that the respondents agreed on the statements five to twelve
and disagreed on the statements one to four. And with that there was a significant
difference in terms of age, sex, and strand of the respondents.
Conclusion
From the analysis it was found out that:
1. Grade 12 students who most likely always indulge themselves in alcoholic
drinking were females whose age is 16 years old under the strand of STEM.
While students whose age ranges from 17-19 sometimes indulge into
alcoholic drinking.
37
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
2. Grade 12 students believe that people have the rights to drink alcohol if they
want to. They believe that the consumption of alcohol is fine if the usage of
alcohol is not harmful, and it can make anyone feels good.
3. There is a significant difference in terms of age, sex, and strand regarding
alcohol use.
Recommendations
The following recommendations are suggested by the researchers. Long term
assessments are particularly constrained by the availability and reliability of
recorded data. The frequency, and often the methodology, in which censuses and
surveys are made do not always suit the purposes of this kind of research. Base
from our study, the researchers focused on the perceptions of Grade 12 students
with the sub-variables age, sex, and strand.
1. The researchers believed that the consumption of alcoholic beverages is fine
whether what age, sex, and strands they belong. But the researchers suggested
that this kind of attitude towards alcohol should be lessened.
2. For the school, the researchers would like to recommend that the guidance
office will conduct more programs and seminars that emphasizes how to control
the alcohol intake of the students, the school must raise an awareness to the
students about the bad effects of alcohol if overused.
38
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
3. For the parents, the researchers would like to recommend that they should have
a parent and child talk especially refreshing the do’s and the don’ts rule.
4. Lastly, for the students who drinks alcohol we recommend control to their
alcoholic beverages consumption.
39
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Bibliography
Arnarson, A. (June 04,2017). Alcohol and Health: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
Retrieved from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/alcohol-good-or-bad.
Berkowitz AD. (2005) An overview of the social norms approach. In Lederman L,

Stewart L (eds). changing the culture of college drinking: A socially situated
health communication campaign. Creskill, NJ. Hampton Press.
Berkowitz, A. D., Perkins, H. W. (1986). Problem drinking among college students:

ASDADA review of recent research. Journal of American College Health, 35, 21-
ASDAD28.
Bertholet et. al. (2010, January 1). Perception of the amount of drinking by others
ASDADin a sample of 20-year-old men: The more I think you drink, the more I
ASDADdrink. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/alcalc/article/46/1/83/
ASDAD172302.
Brown, S. A., Goldman, M. S., Inn, A. et al. (1980) Expectations of reinforcement

ASDADfrom alcohol: Their domain and relation to drinking patterns. Journal of
ASDADConsulting and Clinical Psychology 48, 419–426.
Chalfant H.P. and Roper, B.S. (1980). Social and behavioral aspects of female
alcoholism an annotated bibliography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press.
Cunningham, J., & Selby, P. (2007) Implications of the normative fallacy in young
ASDADadult smokers aged 19–24 years. Am J Public Health, 97,1399-1400.
Cunningham J., et al. (2001). Impact of normative feedback on problem drinkers:

ASDADa small-area population study. J Stud Alcohol, 62, 228–33.
Cunningham J, et al. (2009). A randomized controlled trial of an internet-based

ASDADbrief intervention for alcohol abusers. Addiction,12, 2023–32.
Dara, T. (2008). Types of Alcoholic Beverages. Retrieved from :

http://alcoholrehab.com/alcoholism/types-of-alcoholic-beverages/.
Freitas, E. A. M. (2014, December 10). Perception of students about alcohol

consumption and illicit drugs. Retrieved from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo
.php?pid=S0103-21002015000500408&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
40
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Gleaner, J. (December 12, 2013). Connecting people through news: Enjoy

ASDADdrinking safely. Pressreader.
Gonzales, R. (April 26, 2013). Do different kinds of alcohol get you different kinds
ASDADof drunk? Retrieved from: https://io9.gizmodo.com/do-different-kinds-of-
ASDADalcohol-get-you-different-kinds-o-482710477.
Gusfield, J.R. (1962). Status conflicts and the changing ideologies of the
American
temperance movement. In D.J. Pittman and C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Society,
culture and drinking patterns (pp. 10 1 - 120). New York: Wiley.
Hanson, D. (May 2013). Historical evolution of alcohol consumption in society.

ASDADOxford University Press.
Hanson, D. (May 10, 2013). History of Alcohol and Drinking around the World:
ASDADWine,Beer and Spirits (Liquor). New York City.
Hornick, E.L. (1977). The drinking woman. New York: Association Press.
Johnston, L.D.; Miech, R.A.; O’Malley, P.M.; et al. (2015). Monitoring the future:
ASDADKey Findings on Adolescent Drug Use. Retrieved from: http://www.
ASDADmonitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-overview2015.pdf
Knupfer, G.R., Fink, W.C. and Goffman, A.C. (1963). California drinking practices
ASDADstudy No. 6: related to amount of drinking in an urban community.
ASDADBerkeley, California: State of California Department of Public Health.
Lang AR, Kaas L, Barnes P. The beverage type stereotype: An unexplored

ASDADdeterminant of effects of alcohol consumption. Bulletin of the Society of
ASDADPsychologists in Behaviors. 1983; 2:46–49.
Lawrence Greenfeld. April 5-7, 1998. Washington DC. Alcohol and Crime: An
ASDADanalysis of National Data on the prevalence of alcohol involvement in
crime.
Lisanksy, E. (1958). The woman alcoholic. The Annals of the American Academy
ASDADofPolitical and Social Science, 315, 7382.
Myerson, A. (1940). Alcohol: a study of social ambivalence. Psychiatry, 1, 13-20.
Palmera, C. (May 12, 2010). The Facts About Men vs. Women and Alcoholism:
41
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Retrieved from: https://casapalmera.com/blog/the-facts-about-men-vs-

women-and-alcoholism/.
Peluso, E. (2007, April 25). Public perception of alcohol dependence. Retrieved

ASDADfromhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-
ASDAD44462008000100004.
Perkins., et. al. (1999). Misperception Is Reality: The “Reign of Error” About Peer
ASDADRisk Behavior Norms Among Youth and Young Adults.
Salas-Wright, C. & Reingle Gonzales, J & Vaughn, M. & Schwartz, S. & Jetelina,
ASDADK.(May 2016). Age-related changes in the relationship between alcohol
ASDADuse and violence from early adolescence to young adulthood.
Sroufe, L.A., and Rutter, M. (February 1984). The domain of developmental

psychopathology. Retrieved from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6705619
Wechsler, H. (October 1996). Binge drinking in college: The impact of price,

ASDADavailability, and alcohol control policies. Illinois, Chicago.
Wilsnack, R.W. and Wilsnack, S.C. (1978). Sex roles and drinking among
ASDADadolescent girls. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 39, 1855-1874.
42
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
APPENDICES
43
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
APPENDIX A
January ___, 2018
MRS. LEANN JESTER D. ROSALI, MS

Senior High School Principal Coordinator
Dear Ma’am:
We the researchers of Senior High School STEM 12-9 students of NDMU will conduct a research
entitled “Perceptions of Grade 12 Students at NDMU for Drinking Alcohol.” In line with this, we
would like to ask permission from your good office to conduct a survey in selected senior high
school students in NDMU in order to gather data that will provide information to answer the
problem that were set at the beginning of this endeavor.
Hoping for your positive and immediate response on this request.
Thank you and Mabuhay!
Respectfully yours,
TALAGTAG, KIETH LESTER, M.

Leader/Researcher
Noted by:
MRS. ANALYN M. CABATINGAN, PhD

Subject Teacher/Adviser
Approved by:
MRS. LEANN JESTER D. ROSALI, MS

Senior High School Coordinator
44
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
APPENDIX B
Dear Respondent,
We, the Grade 12 Students of Notre Dame of Marbel University taking up the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)
Strand, are having our practical Research II for the 2nd Semester. Presently, we are conducting research on the study entitled “Perception of Grade 12
Students at NDMU in Drinking Alcohol”. The purpose of this study is to know and discuss the insights and perceptions of Grade 12 NDMU Students in
drinking alcohol.
In line with this, we would like you to be a respondent in our study. The information that will be gathered from you will be kept with
confidentiality.
We are sincerely hoping for your consideration and kind cooperation.

Truly yours,
MR. KIETH LESTER M. TALAGTAG

Leader/Researcher
A. Profile of the Respondent
Name (optional): _______________ Age: ___ Sex: ____ Strand and Section: ____________
B. Questionnaire
Direction: Please check the box of your choice to represent your answer that best fits with how the following applies to you. Use the rating scale
provided below.
SCALE:
4- Always 2- Sometimes
3- Often 1- Never
4 3 2 1
2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when drinking?
3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol?
4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home?
C. Perception of Students Drinking Alcohol

Directions: Read each statement mentioned thoroughly and check the box with the answer that best fits you. The following are the indicators:
Scale Response
4 Strongly Agree
3 Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
STATEMENTS 4 3 2 1
1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to.
2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel good.
3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal.
4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is considered as drinking socially.
5. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent.
6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful.
7. I am against using alcohol at any time.
8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial.
9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions.
10. I am favorable to drinking moderately.
11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence.
12. There are people who know how to drink and know how to control themselves.
Thank you for your participation!
45
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
CURRICULUM VITAE
46
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Name: Nestor G. Diosana, Jr.
Birthdate: July 26, 1999
Place of Birth: Rural Health Unit, Sto. Niño, South
Cotabato
Mobile Number: M. Roxas, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato
Mobile number: 09362690889
Place of Education:
Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – STEM Strand
Junior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – IBED
Elementary: Montessori Casa Precious Jewels
47
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Name: Noel John Z. Jaducan
Birthdate: December 8, 1999
Place of Birth: Koronadal City
Current Address: Medallia Milagrosa, Tampakan, South
Cotabato
Mobile Number: 09153349759
Place of Education:
Junior High School: Notre Dame – Siena School of Marbel
Elementary: Mary Land School of Marbel
48
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Name: Marlou P. Ponte II
Birthdate: March 09, 1999
Place of Birth: Koronadal City
Current Address: Purok Ramos, Sta. Cruz, Koronadal
City
Place of Education:
Junior High School: Notre Dame – Siena School of Marbel
Elementary: Notre Dame – Siena School of Marbel
49
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Name: Adrian Bernard A. Recinto
Birthdate: August 07, 1999
Place of Birth: Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat
Current Address: Zone II – A, Capurihan Subdivision, Surallah, South Cotabato
Place of Education:
Junior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – IBED
Elementary: Notre Dame of Marbel University – IBED
Hobbies: Watching vlogs and anime, playing musical instruments, writing stories,
singing, composing songs, playing basketball
50
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Name: Claire Nicolle C. Robles
Birthdate: July 09, 1999
Place of Birth: Tibpuan, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat
Current Address: Tibpuan, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat
Contact: 09105462619
Place of Education:
Junior High School: Lebak Legislated National High School
Elementary: Gestosani Memorial Elementary School
51
JMJ Marist Brothers
Senior High School
Name: Kieth Lester M. Talagtag
Birthdate: May 23, 1999
Place of Birth: Poblacion II, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat
Current Address: Brgy. Nuling, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat
Mobile Number: 09089976890
Place of Education:
Junior High School: Banga National High School
Elementary: Nuling Elementary School
52

Perception of Grade 12 Students in Drinking Alcohol

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Perception of Grade 12 Students in Drinking Alcohol

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

JMJ Marist Brothers

Notre Dame of Marbel University

documented the relationship between alcohol consumption and interpersonal

Convicted offenders under the jurisdiction of corrections agencies in 1996 have

been drinking at the time of the offense. (Greenfeld, 1998).

Arnarson (2017) believed that aside from alcohol involvement in crime,

help their fellow teenagers and underage students in understanding alcohol

antiseptic, and analgesic benefits; quenching thirst; facilitating relaxation;

promoting conviviality and social cohesion; increasing the pleasure of eating;

providing pharmacological pleasure; and generally enhancing the quality and

pleasures of life. (Hanson, 2013)

However, in Notre Dame of Marbel University (NDMU), there are several

towards drinking alcohol. Misperceptions exist among students regarding the

amount of alcohol that is consumed on university campuses. In anonymous

studies, in nationwide surveys during 1998 and 1999, students grossly

student decisions regarding his or her own alcohol consumption, preventative

programs on campus are aimed at educating students about reported alcohol

consumption norms. Nineteen percent of students surveyed nationwide abstain

With these ideas, the study is conducted.

Statement of the problem

This study aimed to determine the perception of Grade 12 Students about

alcoholic drinking in Notre Dame of Marbel University:

Specifically, it sought to answer the questions:

2. What are the perceptions of the respondents in drinking alcohol?

3. What are the perceptions of the respondents when grouped according

to age, sex, and strand regarding alcohol use?

Scope and delimitation

This study is only conducted to the Grade 12 students of Notre Dame of

students in drinking alcohol.

Significance of the Study

Grade 12 students in drinking alcohol, furthermore, this research can contribute

new knowledge. It might be helpful to the following entities:

in the students’ performance in school. To the students, to help them determine

also serve as their reference whenever similar studies will be conducted.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

overview of what is the perception of Grade 12 students in drinking alcohol in

Perception of Teenagers in Drinking Alcohol

Alcohol Use Participants:

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Historically, alcoholic beverages have served as sources of needed

lubricant, facilitate relaxation, can provide pharmacological pleasure, and increase

the pleasure of eating (Hanson, 2013).

consuming the longest. It is created by fermenting any of a variety of starches

health. That is because alcohol is metabolized by the liver, and frequent

all sorts of diseases (Arnarson, 2017).

Gleaner (2013) proposed that in order to lessen the number of diseases of

females are 14 drinks per week.

There is a theory called Alcohol – Expectancy theory wherein this theory

when seeking these differential effects. Previous research suggests that

individuals perceive differences among varying types of alcoholic beverages

or negative (e.g., alcohol leads to negative outcomes) effects. Studies found

individuals reported higher negative expectancies for drinking shots of distilled

can give you different emotional responses. For example, 53 percent of

drinkers drowsy. However According to Gonzales (2013) “Alcohol is alcohol”,

"standard drink" rule.

According to Salas-Wright et. al (2016), binge drinking and violent attacks

consumption of many beverages on an occasion. As people gets older, drinking

consequences. It is dangerous because it causes many deaths, many injuries,

sexual assault. Some adolescent drinks because of risk taking, expectancies,

sensitivity and tolerance to alcohol, personality characteristics and psychiatric

comorbidity, hereditary factors, and environmental aspect. (National Institute on

and prevent underage alcohol use is to view drinking as it relates to development.

This "entire framework" way to deal with underage drinking considered an