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DRAFT Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings

5000

4000
Building Gross Area, m2

Detailed
3000 Assessment
Required

2000

1000

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Building Score

Figure 1: New Zealand Draft Code – Criteria for Detailed Assessment

SCAP c
σ0 R= = s
N S REQ cs req
n= =
fc' bhf c '

For R = 0.5 or cs = 0.5 cs req

Interaction Curve

For R = 0.8 or cs = 0.8 cs req

For R = 1.0 or cs = 1.0 cs req
R<0.5

0.5<R<0.8 n0.5
0.8<R<1.0 n0.8
n1

M
m=
bh 2 f c '

Figure 2: Relation Between Axial Compression Stress, Required Base Shear

Coefficient and the Resulting R for a Reinforced Concrete Column

IITK-GSDMA-EQ03-V1.0 24
DRAFT Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings

Figure 3: Determination of Strength Index R

IITK-GSDMA-EQ03-V1.0 25
DRAFT Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings

§ Site Visit and Collection of Data

§ Determining Region of
Seismicity and Expected
Performance

Yes Benchmark
Building

No

Tier 1: Screening Phase

§ Global Level Analysis
§ Complete the Structural and
Non-structural Checklists

• Foundation Checklists

No Deficiencies

Yes
TIER 2: Evaluation Phase
§ Full-Building or Deficiency-Only
Evaluation
§ Component Level Analysis
§ Linear Static Procedure
§ Linear Dynamic Procedure
§ Special Procedure

Y X

Figure 4: FEMA 310 – Evaluation Procedure (FEMA 310, 1998)

IITK-GSDMA-EQ03-V1.0 26
DRAFT Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings

Y X

No
Deficiencies

Yes
Tier 3: Detailed Evaluation Phase
Nonlinear Analysis
(Comprehensive Investigation)

No
Deficiencies

Yes

Building Building does

Complies not comply

Final Evaluation
and Report

Rehabilitation

Figure 4: Continued…

IITK-GSDMA-EQ03-V1.0 27
DRAFT Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings

• Site Visit and Collection of Data

• Reviewing Construction Drawings

Rapid Evaluation – Visual Screening Procedure

§ Global Level Analysis

§ Determine
1. Basic Structural Score
2. Vulnerability Modifiers
3. Final Structural Score

Detailed Assessment

§ Component Level Analysis

§ Force-based Methods
§ Displacement-based Methods

Retrofitting / Rehabilitation

Figure 5: New Zealand Draft Code – Evaluation Procedure (NZDC, 1996)

IITK-GSDMA-EQ03-V1.0 28
DRAFT Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings

§ Site Visit and Data Collection

• Classify the building and

determine the n-value

Rapid Evaluation

Calculate Structural Score (S)

1. Calculation of Basic Structural Score (SB)
2. Calculation of Structural Score Modifier (SM)
3. S = SB + SM

No Feasible retrofitting
S>1
measures to obtain S > 1

Yes

Detailed Assessment

§ Global Level Analysis

§ Check for configuration irregularities
§ Structural Analysis

Final Report & Recommendations

Figure 6: SERC Report – Evaluation Procedure (SERC, 2002)

IITK-GSDMA-EQ03-V1.0 29
DRAFT Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings

§ Site Visit and Data Collection

Determine:
1. Quality of the structural layout
§ Good
§ Acceptable
§ Unclear
2. Strength Capacity – Scap.
3. Strength Required – Sreq.
Scap.
4. Strength Index R=
S req.

Layout
Good Acceptable Unclear
R

R > 0.8 A B C
0.8 > R > 0.5 B C D
0.5 > R C D E

Classify the structure as A, B, C, D or E

Determine the deformability and

ductility requirements

Determine the type of strengthening required

Figure 7: UNIDO Document – Evaluation Procedure (UNIDO, 1985)

IITK-GSDMA-EQ03-V1.0 30
DRAFT Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings

§ Data Collection
§ Identification of the structural system

Determining modified material

strengths and partial safety
factors related to resistance

Analysis using:
§ Standard Method
§ Time-domain Dynamic Nonlinear
Analysis
§ Approximate Static Nonlinear
Methods

Verification
1
γ Sd E new, d ≤ Rnew, d
γ Rd

Structural Intervention
and Decision Making

Figure 8: Eurocode 8 – Evaluation Procedure (Eurocode, 1996)

IITK-GSDMA-EQ03-V1.0 31
 DRAFT Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings

Seismic Evaluation

Configuration Based Checks Strength Checks

§ Load Path
§ Weak Storey Global Level Checks Component Level Checks
§ Soft Storey § Shear Stress Check § Force Based Method
§ Geometry § Axial Stress Check § Displacement Based
§ Effective mass Method
§ Torsion
§ Pounding

Figure 9: General Structure of Evaluation Procedures

Max. Elastic Fictitious Force Level Force level for Tier 1 and
partly for Tier 2 as it later
Force (Fmax.) “Pseudo Force” corresponding to “actual displacement” gets modified for inelastic
behavior (FEMA 310)

Reduction Factor
Elastic Behavior
Design Force
(Fdes) Reduced Force Level Force level considered in
Lateral Force

corresponding to yielded state UNIDO & SERC Report

0.75 Fdes. Inelastic
0.67 Fdes. Behavior Force level for existing
buildings being analysed by
Tier 3
Force level for existing
buildings as per
New Zealand Draft Code

∆ act.
O
Displacement (Actual displacement)

Figure 10: Force Levels for Analysis

IITK-GSDMA-EQ03-V1.0 32