Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
In partial fulfillment
For the requirements
In Practical Research 2
Presented by:
JEROME ARENGA ANTILLA
Presented to:
MRS. ZENAIDA CRISTOBAL
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
as a first step for every human activity. It plays a vital role in the development of human
capital and is linked with an individual well-being and opportunities for better living. It
ensures the acquisition of knowledge and skills that enable individual to increase their
productivity and improve their quality of life. Success as the name implies is wished for
by everybody but it is not easily come by on a mere platter of gold; one must work for it
through hard work and diligence. Schools, college, polytechnic and universities have no
worth without student. The social and economic development of a country is directly
linked with student academic performance; the desire of success is derived from
individual’s concept of himself and in term of the meaning of various incentives as they
The student performance play an important role in producing the best quality
graduates who will become great leaders and manpower for a country thus responsible
for the country economic and social development,( Ali et al.,2009) student performance
occupies a very important place in education as well as in the learning process.. Learning
is reflected in the way a student respond to environment, social, emotional and physical
stimuli and understands new information. The key to better learning and better academic
performance in schools are good teachers, lecturers, good study environment, parent’s
cooperation, high quality books and the most important is the study habit. Study habits
are learning tendencies that enable students to work privately. Azikiwe (1998)
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
knowledge at school in a form of formal education. Generally, at the start of a very young
age, children learn to develop and use their mental, moral and physical powers, which
they acquire through various stypes of education. The process of education does not only
start when a child first attend school. Education begins at home when the parent started
to give knowledge to the child. This will be followed up by the education given by the
teachers. In almost all societies, receiving an education in school is extremely vital and
necessary if a person wants to achieve success in life. Thus education is the key that
allows people to move up in the world, seek better jobs, and ultimately succeed fully in
According to Rubin (2002), children with poor study habits have a higher chance
and examination malpractices. Study habits are well-planned and deliberate pattern of
study which has attained a form of consistency on the part of students toward
understanding academic subjects and passing examinations. Children with poor study
habits receive poor grades in school, get easily distracted and frustrated. Douglas (2000)
asserts that every child must be fully competent in studying to succeed in school and
however signify that lack of study techniques can be the cause of this educational
problem, termed poor study habit (Pitan, 2013). While poor study habit can be
instrumental to the destruction of any individual who is plagued with it, good study habit
activities with good study habits. A diversion from studies will alleviate stress and help
prevent from becoming fatigued. He said that a student should take a break for an hour
after studies to meet with friends, play cards, and work out at the gym or to gab with new
acquaintances. “To develop a healthy social life, develop routine study habits. After
supper, lug your books and homework to the library, find a comfortable and quiet niche
and study for two or three hours, taking intermittent 10 minutes breaks every forty-five
minutes or so.” Making friends with whom you share similar study habits and share a table
or a study space with them would be a best way in developing study habits.
education; it is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their
Various studies have been carried out on the factors that affect students’ academic
identified and reported to have affected the academic performance of students in these
different settings are: student effort, previous or prior educational performance, self-
motivation, the social-economic status of the students’ parents, the students’ age, number
of hours of study per day, admission points, different entry qualifications, tuition trends
and the students’ area of residence (rural or urban) (Farooq, Chaudry, Shafiq & Berhanu,
student. In this regard, Kyoshaba (2009) observed that students’ educational outcome
and academic success is greatly influenced by the type of school which they attended.
The school we attend is the institutional environment that sets the parameters of a
student’s learning experience. In agreement with this, Considine and Zappala (2002)
reported that the type of school a child attends influences the educational outcomes;
and this is likely to operate through the variation of quality and attitudes. In the same vein,
Miller and Birch (2007), while studying the influence of the high school attended on
university performance, observed that outcomes at the university level differ according to
the type of high school attended. Thus, a student’s school background is positively related
to his or her academic performance at an undergraduate level. In addition, Ali et al. (2013)
This study aims to know what are the possible factors affecting the study habits of
grade 12 students to their academic performance in ACSHS. Specifically, the study seeks
1.) What are the possible factors affecting the study habits of grade 12 students in ACSHS
in terms of :
2.) Is there correlation between the effects of study habits of grade 12 students to their
3.) Is there significant relationship between the effects of study habits of grade 12 students
School Administrators. The result of this study will help School administrators, like
subject area coordinators, may also be guided in the formulation of future modification of
learning.
Teachers. Will also be help in understanding better the diversity of learning of their
students, As such, it is hoped that they could develop more effective methodologies in
Guidance and Counselling Centre. Will also be help by this study through providing a
more focused and factual knowledge on the factors affecting students study habits. This
increased the understanding of the Guidance Counsellors on the interplay of the variables
studied in this research. Such knowledge is hoped to help the Guidance and Counselling
practitioners towards the development and implementation of more effective programs in
Future Researchers. They may be able to use the result of the study in farther research
Students. Will be given information on how study affects their academic performance.
The result of the study will make them aware of the common study habits among their co-
education students.
HYPOTHESIS
NULL: The independent variables do not significantly influence the study habits.
ALTERNATIVE: The independent variables have significantly influence the study habits
NULL: Time management, Learning skills and study skills do not have a significant
ALTERNATIVE: Time management, Learning skills and study skills have a significant
The research only focus on giving additional information about the effects of study habits
general intent of this study is to know the effects of the study habits of grade 12 students
The research will be conducted at Antipolo City Senior High School.It is located at
The general objectives of the research is to determine the effects of study habits of
The respondents of the research are the ABM students at ACSHS S.Y. 2018-2019.We
Survey will be used in determining the effects of study habits of grade 12 students to
This includes the variables, their definitions and importance to the study, and
Related Literature
understanding of facts and principles that calls for retention and application. Thomas and
Robinson (1990) emphasized that the learner needs to use a systematic discipline and
inter-related steps and processes. Okorodudu (1995) asserted that, study involves the
purpose and enforced practices that the individual adapts in order to learn and achieve
competence.
Mark E. Thompson (2005) undoubtedly affirmed to Mark Crilly’s (2000) study that
other students are able to balance social activities with good study habits. A diversion
from studies will alleviate stress and help prevent from becoming fatigued. He said that a
student should make sure that he must take a break for an hour after studies to meet with
friends, to play some cards. For this way, that student will find concentration when he
does study, if he plans a social activity afterwards. A student must find a comfortable and
quiet niche, and study for two or three hours, taking intermittent 10 minute breaks every
45 minutes or so. Making friends with whom you share similar study habits, and share a
table or a study space with them would be a best way in developing study habits as what
Mark said.
Hills and Ballow (2000) pointed out that glaring light could cause eye strain and
headaches. In effect, light should not shine directly on the table or reading desk. Taking
to consideration a rural setting where students have to study under locally made lamps
and hurricane lanterns, these should be adjusted well enough to reduce light intensity or
place at a considerable distance away from the reading desk. It has been observed that
some people cannot study without music, Hills and Ballow (2000) agree that music is
good if it does not constitute noise in itself or when used to neutralize other external noise.
Jato et. al,. (2014) explains that students use and process information better with
the help from a school librarian. School librarians guide students through their reading
and research process as well as helping them to choose books that fit their interests.
School library is very important in shaping students’ habit as regard reading for leisure,
to pass examinations and to obtain information on different aspects of life (George, 2011).
Thus, a school library cannot be separated from the school – parent institution and expect
According to Mark C rilly (2000), Successful students are able to balance social
activities with good study habits. A diversion from studies will alleviate stress and help
prevent from becoming fatigued. He said that a student should make sure that he must
take a break for an hour after studies to meet with friends, to play some cards, work out
at the gym, or to gab with anew acquaintance. For this way, that student will find
concentration when he do study, if he plans a social activity afterwards. He said, “To
develop a healthy social life, develop routine study habits. After supper, lug your books
and homework to the library, find a comfortable and quiet niche, and study for two or three
hours, taking intermittent 10 minute breaks every 45 minutes or so.” Making friends with
whom you share similar study habits, and share a table or a study space with them would
RELATED STUDIES
success can be improved with the Student Attitude Inventory(SAI). The inventory was
developed in Britain and contains 47 items which attempt to identify students in higher
education on the basis of: (1) motivation,(2) study methods, (3) examination technique,
and (4) lack of distractions toward academic work. Students in six Kentucky community
colleges were asked to express their attitudes toward study habits on the Student Attitude
Inventory. There were 996 students in the sample population (413 males and583
performance (cumula grade-point average) were obtained for each student sampled. The
beyond an ability measure for males and females. ( Mark E. Thompson, 2005).
Frank Pogue(2000) did a research project to determine why students fail. What he
founds to be true in that study habits survey was that more than 30 years ago still rings
true today--students fail because they do not know how to study .The best advice he can
He said that a student should make sure that he/she has a good study environment, a
good desk, a sturdy chair, good light, comfortable room temperature and a quiet
atmosphere. That means he/she should eliminate all external and internal distractions.
Second, get a good overview of the assignment before starting the work. Know what
skills, facts and ideas that are expected to master and the ground that are expected to
cover. Start with most difficult subject first, while the mind is freshest and most receptive.
Professors in the developing countries said that the undergraduate students should be
fully equip with high level of analytical skills, the capacity for critical reasoning, self-
reflection and conceptual grasp and ability to learn autonomously and exercise flexibility
of mind (Simmons2003). Study habits are said to be improving because of the advent
and wide use of the Internet, hypertext, and multimedia resources which greatly affects
the Study Habits (Liu, 2005). Karim and Hassan (2006) also note the exponential growth
digital information, which changes the way students perceive studying and with printed
materials that are to be use in facilitating study. Liu (2005) and Ramirez (2003) report that
students print material from the Internet in order to study and read later on. Igun (2005)
also found that Nigerians study from materials downloaded from the Internet
Fielden (2004) states that good study habits help the student in critical reflection
in skills outcomes such as selecting, analyzing, critiquing, and synthesizing. Nneji (2002)
states that study habits are learning tendencies that enable students work private .The
habits showed that the main effect of drinking caffeine on exam preparation was not
significant There were participants, 20 male and 58 female college students (N=78),
habits when preparing for a test/exam. It was hypothesized that the more caffeine a
student consumes while studying, the more accurately his or her study habits would be
operationally defined as low scores on amount of time per study session, time(in days)
when preparation began, and amount of information the participants believed they had
retained. High scores on anxiety level were included in 'unhealthy' study habits. A
Marcus Credé and Nathan R. Kuncel (2008) in their research at the University of
Albany said that Study habit, skill, and attitude inventories and constructs were found to
analysis examined the construct validity and predictive validity of 10 study skill constructs
for college students. They found that study skill inventories and constructs are largely
independent of both high school grades and scores on standardized admissions tests but
moderately related to various personality constructs; these results were inconsistent with
previous theories. Study motivation and study skills exhibit the strongest relationships
with both grade point average and grades in individual classes. They also said that
shown. Scores on traditional study habit and attitude inventories are the most predictive
perspective are shown to be least predictive of the examined criteria. Overall, study habit
and skill measures improve prediction of academic performance more than any other non
cognitive individual difference variable examined to date and should be regarded as the
student’s study should have at least three hours out of class for every hour spent in class.
They also said that a student must have a special place to study with plenty of room to
work. And students should not be cramped. They presupposes that study time will go
better if a learner take a few minutes at the start to straighten things up. A desk and
straight-backed chair is usually best. “ Don't get too comfortable--a bed is a place to sleep,
not to study” as what they said. A student must have everything close at hand(book,
pencils, paper, coffee, dictionary, computer, calculator, tape recorder,etc.) before starting
to study. Students are not suggested to spend on time jumping up and down to get things.
The PBCC suggests also that distracting noise should be minimized however they said
that there are some people need sound and some like silence. In this case, a learner
must finds what works for him or her. Culprits are family and friends. consider a "do not
disturb" sign and turning on your answering machine is the way also to have better study
STUDY HABITS - The definition of study habits are the behaviors used when preparing
which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their short or long term educational
goals.
TIME MANAGEMENT - The ability to use one's time effectively or productively, especially
at work.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
*Conducting a
survey to grade
12 students *Effects of study
*Grade 12 habits of grade 12
students *Tallying the data students to their
obtain academic
*Applying performances in
*Survey statistical Antipolo City
Questionnaire treatment Senior High
School
*Interpret and
analyze data
The input block consists of our respondents, the Grade 12 Students of Antipolo City
Senior High School and the data gathering instrument that will use which is a survey
questionnaire. The type of survey questionnaire that will use is the open-ended survey
questionnaire. These input will be used to the process block. The process block consists
of implementing a pilot test in answering the survey questionnaires only in our group then
we will proceed to conducting survey in the Grade 12 students in the campus of Antipolo
City Senior High School. After that, we will tally the data collected by the conducted
survey. And then we will apply the appropriate statistical treatment to be used in order to
interpret the data gathered. Lastly we will construct the solutions, suggestions and
recommendations to have the expected output, The Effects of study habits in academic
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The chapter presents the research design, setting of the study, subject of the
Research Design
The method of research that will use by researchers is the descriptive correlation
method that will utilize in the study with the survey questionnaire as data gathering
instrument. This have been defined by several authors in their own ways. (Aguas, 2009)
phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the
characteristics occurred. (Polit & Hungler, 2011) defined that this type of research
describes what exists and may help to uncover new facts and meaning. The purpose of
descriptive research is to observe, describe, and document. This involves the collection
The researchers will use descriptive correlation research design because the researchers
The study will be conducted at Antipolo City Senior High School, located at Olalia Road
Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo City, Region IV-A Calabarzon (Rizal), Philippines.
Subject of the Study
The subject of the study will be 216 Students of Grade 12 who is studying as of
S.Y. 2018-2019 because the researchers just get a sample from the whole Grade 12. By
getting the respondents the researchers used the slovin formula to get the sample of the
Grade 12 Students. After that we use the multi-stage sampling to distribute the 115
students to the 17 sections. Each section will have 12 respondents each section. The
researchers will use data gathering procedure, is purposive sampling to determine the
Before the researchers will conduct a survey, the researchers will craft first the SQC
(Survey Questionnaires). After that the researchers will edit the SQC. After the editing the
researchers will finalize the questionnaires and proceed to the survey proper. The
researcher start conducting the survey in our classroom (ABM 1202), ABM 1201, and
ABM 1203 and other section respectively. As we gathered data in each room and having
a survey, first we need to read the consent letter so that the students will be informed
especially on the study base on the survey then the the researcher will distribute the
survey questionnaires to the Grade 12 Students. After that, the researchers will do the
tallying the data obtained from the survey and we will proceed to the data analysis.
Sources of Data
The answer of the respondents coming from SQC to be tallied and interpreted.
Statistical Treatment
Percentage and Frequency. This was used to display data that specifies the
the relative frequency of the survey responses and other data. Lavrakas, (2008)
Weighted Mean. This was used to make each quantity to be averaged that
determines the relative importance of each quantity. The weightings are the
equivalent of having that many like items with the same value involved in the average.
Pearson’s Chi-Square Test. This was used to test how likely it is that observed
distribution is due to chance. It measures how well the observed data fits with the
The scale and range below was used to interpret items in the questionnaire using
This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data
Research Question no.1: What are the things that affect the time management of
Facebook 88 44%
Assignment 48 24%
Work 5 2.5%
Table 1 shown us that the item that has the highest value in terms of affecting the
time management is using Facebook. With the votes of 88 and a percentage of 44%
among all other options. According to Raacke and Bonds-Raake 2008 students on
average spend almost 3 hours of their day on social networking site named Facebook.
Research Question no.2: What are the factors affecting the Performance in the
Laziness 58 29%
Distractions 17 8.5%
Lack of Concentration 8 4%
Depression 53 26.5%
Table 2 shown that the item that has the highest value in terms of affecting the
Performance in the class of grade 12 students is lack of sleep. With the votes of 64 a
percentage of 32% among all the options. Table shows that lack of sleep is the main
MEAN INTERPRETATION
academic performance.
academic performance.
Above is the table in which the data collected is from the answers of the students
regarding whether time management affected their studies in one way or the other. The
result shows that the fall on category no. 3 meaning an “Agree” answers from the
respondents. Giving the implication of study habits will always induce the effects on their
Academic Performance
VALUE VALUE
AGAINST ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE
The first hypothesis (null) for the research question 3 is that students have no
significant difference or effect in time management. But as the table shows and prove, it
the null hypothesis. Time management will always affect the studies and academic
management.
Research Question no.4: Is there significant difference between time
Time Management
MEAN INTERPRETATION
academic performance
from my studies
The table above is about the imbalance between time management and
academic performance. All the answers above are fall on category no.3 that shows that
the respondents Agree. Time management could be the issue in this. Only some of the
students have lack of time management that affects their other task in their life.
Testing the Hypothesis
VALUE VALUE
PERFORMACE
AND TIME
MANAGEMENT
The table shown the difference between time management and academic
performance had a null hypothesis of not having a significant difference whether time
management is involve or not. The Table shown that the null hypothesis is rejected as it
proves that there is indeed a significant effect of time management to the academic
In this chapter, the summary of the study, recommendations and conclusions are
presented.
The obtained result shows that, time management is most affecting in their
some factors that affects their performance in school. Like lack of sleep, laziness and
depression because they have lack of time management. Time management had a
significant influence to the academic performance of the students. And lastly there is a
Conclusion
1. On the research question no.1 “What are the things that affect the time
2. Research question 2 asks, “What are the factors affecting the Performance in
the class of the Grade 12 students” the result ending up to lack of sleep with
3. Research question 3 then asks, “Is there significant effects of study habits of
Recommendation
In the light of the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:
1. Those that have the authority of the student should do their best to keep their time
organize.
2. Students should be tasked to know about the underlying the effects of study habits
performance.
The population of this study consisted all senior high school students in the
Antipolo City Senior High School, specifically in the Accountancy and Business
Management strand on the Academic track and can be generalized to all of the
reoccurring strands since the study implies on the basic habits of a study regardless of
the strands.
Suggestions for Further Studies
This study serves as a basis for further research study on Study habits and the
We suggest that the future researchers should try to conduct the study to all Senior
High School Students in ACSHS. To know more about the effects of Study Habits.