A Practical activity Report submitted for

Engineering Design III (UTA-014) by

Name of student:- Ankit Kushwaha

Roll No. 101704025

Submitted to:

Dr. Hari Shankar Singh

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT
THAPAR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, (A
DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), PATIALA, PUNJAB
INDIA
July-December 2018
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Sr. No. Experiment no. Objective

1 Standard Operating Procedure
2 1 (a) To draw a schematic diagram of pulse width modulation (PWM)
based transmitter for gantries placed at different locations on the
path to be followed by Buggy robot using CAD tool (Eagle).
3 1 (b) To design a printed circuit board layout of pulse width modulation
(PWM) based transmitter circuit using CAD tool (Eagle).
4 2 (a) To draw a schematic diagram of pulse width modulation (PWM)
based receiver to receive IR signals from gantries connected to
transmitter circuit using CAD tool (Eagle).
5 2 (b) To design a printed circuit board layout of pulse width modulation
(PWM) based receiver circuit using CAD tool (Eagle).
6 3 To solder and test a pulse width modulation (PWM) based
transmitter circuit (for gantries placed at different locations on the
path to be followed by Buggy robot) on printed circuit board
(PCB).
7 4 To solder and test pulse width modulation (PWM) based receiver
circuit (to receive IR signals from gantries connected to
transmitter circuit) on printed circuit board (PCB).
 Experiment: 1

Objective:

(a) To draw a schematic diagram of pulse width modulation (PWM) based transmitter for
gantries placed at different locations on the path to be followed by Buggy robot using
CAD tool (Eagle).

(b) To design a printed circuit board layout of pulse width modulation (PWM) based
transmitter using CAD tool (Eagle).

Software Used: Eagle Software

Component Used:
Sr. No Name of Components Value Specifications
1. Resistor 220 Ω Carbon Resistor with 5% Tolerance
2. Capacitor 1000nF Electrolytic Capacitor
3. Capacitor 10nF Electrolytic Capacitor
4. DCJ0202 DC Power Jack
5. HLMP6 5V Dome Lamp
6. IC 78L05Z +5V Positive Voltage Regulator
7. 22-23-2031 PCB Header
8. PIC12F629 Microcontroller

Theory :

1. Resistor:.
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal
levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate
transmission lines, among other uses.

Fig. 1.1 Various types of resistors

2. Capacitor:
The capacitor is a component which has the ability or “capacity” to store energy in the
form of an electrical charge producing a potential difference (Static Voltage) across its
plates, much like a small rechargeable battery.

Fig. 1.2 Various types of capacitors

.
3. HLMP6:
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode that
emits light when activated. When a suitable current is applied to the leads, electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons

Fig. 1.3 Various types of sub miniature standard LED

4. IC 78L05Z: IC 7805 is a 5V Voltage Regulator that restricts the output voltage to 5V

output for various ranges of input voltage. It acts as an excellent component against input
voltage fluctuations for circuits, and adds an additional safety to your circuitry. It is
inexpensive, easily available and very much commonly used. With few capacitors and this
IC you can build pretty solid and reliable voltage regulator in no time.

Fig. 1.4 Voltage regulator 78L05Z

 5. PIC12F629:. This powerful (200 nanosecond instruction execution) yet easy-to-
program (only 35 single word instructions) CMOS Flash-based 8-bit microcontroller
packs Microchip’s powerful PIC® MCU architecture into an 8-pin package and features
1 channel comparator and 128 bytes of EEPROM data memory. This device is easily
adapted for automotive, industrial, appliances and consumer entry-level product
applications that require field re-programmability.

6.DCJ0202:
A DC connector (or DC plug, for one common type of connector) is an electrical connector for
supplying direct current (DC) power. Compared to domestic AC power plugs and sockets, DC
connectors have many more standard types that are not interchangeable. The dimensions and
arrangement of DC connectors can be chosen to prevent accidental interconnection of
incompatible sources and loads. Types vary from small coaxial connectors used to power
portable electronic devices from AC adapters, to connectors used for automotive accessories
and for battery packs in portable equipment.

Fig. 1.6 IC PIC12F629

Schematic diagram:

Fig. 1.7 Schematic diagram of Transmitter circuit.

Printed Circuit Board layout:

Fig. 1.8 PCB layout of Transmitter circuit

 Discussion:
We came to know that the main part of the circuit is microcontroller PIC12F29. It controls the
circuit transmitter circuit. Different features of DC jacks, Voltage regulator, LEDs are also
learnt. The signals which are emitted from the transmitter are received by the microcontroller.
An LED is connected to the output of the controller to check if the microcontroller is working
or not. The other three outputs are connected to three PCB header 22-23-203. Two of the three
terminals of this PCB are short circuited and one is grounded.
-

Signature of Faculty member

 Experiment: 2

Objective:

(a) To draw a schematic diagram of pulse width modulation (PWM) based receiver to
receive IR signals from gantries connected to transmitter circuit using CAD tool
(Eagle).

(b) To design a printed circuit board layout of pulse width modulation (PWM) based
receiver circuit using CAD tool (Eagle).

Software Used : Eagle Software

Component Used :

Sr. No Name of Components Value Specifications

1. Resistor 120K Ω Carbon Resistor with 5%
Tolerance
2. Resistor 100KΩ Carbon Resistor with 5%
Tolerance
3. Resistor 22 KΩ Carbon Resistor with 5%
Tolerance
4. Resistor 1 KΩ Carbon Resistor with 5%
Tolerance
5. Capacitor 100nF Electrolytic Capacitor
6. LM311D Voltage Comparator
7. MBD701 Schottky diode

Theory:
1. LM311D:

An operational amplifier (op-amp) has a well balanced difference input and a very high gain.
This parallels the characteristics of comparators and can be substituted in applications with
low-performance requirements. A comparator circuit compares two voltages and outputs either
a 1 (the voltage at the plus side; VDD in the illustration) or a 0 (the voltage at the negative side)
to indicate which is larger. Comparators are often used, for example, to check whether an input
has reached some predetermined value. In most cases a comparator is implemented using a
dedicated comparator IC, but op-amps may be used as an alternative. Comparator diagrams
and op-amp diagrams use the same symbols.
 Fig. 2.1 LM311 D

2. Resistor:
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements
electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are
used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

Fig. 1.1 Various types of resistors

3. MBD701: A Schottky diode, also known as a hot carrier diode, is a
semiconductor diode which has a low forward voltage drop
and a very fast switching action. There is a small voltage drop
1.
across the diode terminals when current flows through
a diode.

Fig. 2.2 Schottky diode (MBD 701)

Schematic Diagram:

Fig. 2.3 Schematic diagram of Receiver circuit

Printed Circuit Board Layout:

Fig. 2.4 PCB layout of Receiver circuit

Discussion:

In this experiment, we have designed a printed circuit board layout of PULSE WIDTH
MODULATION (PWM). We learnt the diagram of PWM based receiver to receive IR
signals from gantries connected to the transmitter circuit using EAGLE CAD tool.

Signature of Faculty member