03 03 T6497 Initial Commissioning A4 DPLPG Color

s
T6497 KERINCI
Training on Industrial Steam Turbines

Requirements and preparations before start-up
Type of Machine: SST800 – EEHNK 90/3,2
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only. May not be used for operation.
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The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its We have checked the contents of this manual for agreement
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Suggestions for improvement are welcome.
© Siemens Power Generation 2007. Technical data subject to change.

All rights reserved.
Operation Table of contents
Table of contents
1 Proper usage of steam turbine 5
2 Initial commissioning 6
2.1 Summary 6
2.2 Steam quality 6
2.3 Cleanliness of the steam lines 12
2.4 Requirements for turbine oils 20
2.5 Technical conditions for supply of turbine oils 28
2.6 List of approved turbine oils 32
2.7 Cleanliness of lubricating oil and control fluid system 33
2.8 Oil flushing program 36
3
© Siemens AG PG I 2007
© Siemens AG PG I Data subject to change.
Siemens AG PG I Printed in Germany

Commissioning Proper usage of steam turbine
1
1 Proper usage of steam turbine
The steam turbine is exclusively intended for conversion of thermal

energy in the form of steam into rotational movement for driving a driven
machine.
Proper use also encompasses taking into account of the technical
documentation and assurance of the inspection and maintenance
conditions.
Proper use also includes employment of properly qualified personnel
thereby ensuring safe operation of the steam turbine even in
extraordinary situations.
Use of any other kind, for example, operation with media other than those
defined in the contract, shall be treated as improper use and is thus not
permissible. Siemens AG accepts no liability whatsoever for damage
arsing from such improper use.
Danger of injury!
Improper use of the steam turbine can limit the operational safety of the
steam turbine and result in bodily injury and/or damage to machinery.
DANGER
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Initial commissioning Operation
2 Summary
2 Initial commissioning
2.1 Summary
General
The section "Initial commissioning" essentially contains the requirements

specified by the turbine manufacturer concerning the quality and cleanness
of the steam, the turbine oil and the oil system.
A distinction is made for steam quality between initial commissioning and

later operation.
The requirements relating to the cleanness of the oil system and to the
turbine oil apply to both initial commissioning and to continuous operation.
For fault-free operation we recommend an operating mode that allows the

plant to remain within the set limits for these values.
If the limits for these values are exceeded, the activities cited in the section
"Maintenance" must be performed, where applicable.
2.2 Steam quality
Introduction
Impurities in the steam can cause corrosion and deposits in superheaters,

control organs and on turbine blades and also cause turbine blade and
superheater salt deposits.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs as a corrosive steam impurity in the form of a

gaseous aqueous solution; other inorganic materials and organic acids may
also occur as impurities under certain conditions. Carbon dioxide is always
present during start-up operation. In consequence thereof the pH value and
the electrical conductivity of the steam condensate are influenced; this leads
to enrichment of corrosion. Inorganic and organic acids can be formed by
hydrolysis of inorganic salts or by decomposition of organic substances and
likewise cause corrosion.
The deposits in turbines resulting from steam impurities can lead to

thermodynamic and mechanical faults and, in the presence of salts, in
particular of chlorides and sodium hydroxide, to damage of turbine
components. The stress caused as a result of corrosion by aggressive
impurities (also CO2) has an unfavourable effect on the reversed bending
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Operation Initial commissioning
Steam quality
2
strength of the blade materials, for example, in the region of beginning

steam wetness.
In this connection, special attention must be paid to the water for injection
coolers for reheater steam temperature control. Its quality should correspond
to that of demineralised feedwater and it should not contain any
alkalinization substance or other impurities, which would be deposited in the
superheater or on the turbine.
Guidance values for continuous operation
As a general rule, the guidance values taken from the following Table (in
conformity with VGB-R 450 L - Release 1988) should be maintained in fault-
free continuous operation and the normal operating values should be aimed
for. Only by this means is it possible to avoid faults and degradation of
turbine operation to the greatest possible extent. In order to avoid
misunderstanding, attention is drawn to the fact that even where the
guidance values are maintained, the possibility of occurence of deposits in
the turbine cannot be excluded. Among other factors, the mixture ratio of the
steam impurities plays an important part, for which, as yet, no full
explanation has been found. Where there is a possibility of improving the
steam purity above the guidance values given, the normal operating values
for continuous operation should be aimed at or bettered.
Continuous monitoring of the water-steam cycle should be effected by

means of a recorder in conjunction with measurement of the electrical
conductivity of the live steam and of the turbine condensate downstream of a
strongly acid cation exchanger. Immediately after salt penetration, saturated
steam flushing should be carried out in order to remove salts deposited in
the turbine.
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2 Steam quality
Parameter Unit Guidance value Normal operation values 2)

1)
(for condensing power plants)
Conductivity at 25 °C downstream of μS/cm < 0.2 0.1

strongly acid cation exchanger,
continuous measurement at the sample
point
Silicic acid (SiO2) mg/kg < 0.020 0.005
Total iron (Fe) mg/kg < 0.020 0.005
Total copper (Cu) mg/kg < 0.003 0.001
Sodium 4) (Na) mg/kg < 0.010 0.002
Table 1
Guidance and normal operating values for live steam condensate in

conformity with VGB-R450L for undisturbed continuous operation
1) We recommend operation at below the guidance values up to and

within the normal operating values, in order to avoid efficiency
reduction.
2) The normal operating value is achievable only in continuous operation
and in conjunction with condensate demineralization. In all other
cases, the guidance value is to be taken as the normal operating
value.
3) Monitoring of the Cu values can be dispensed with in the case of a
water-steam cycle whose water is free of Cu.
4) If so-called solid alkalinization materials (NaOH, Na3PO4) are not
employed, it is not absolutely necessary to monitor the Na values.
Conditioning of the water-steam cycle, alkaline operation, neutral operation

or combined operation are decided on a plant-specific basis. In the case of
alkaline operation, the maximum pH value in the turbine condensate is 9.3
where the condenser tubes are of brass. In the case of condenser tubes
made of copper-nickel alloys, the maximum pH value is 9.5. In the case of
condenser tubes of stainless steel or Titan, there is no upper limit to the pH
value.
The considerations regarding feedwater treatment are also applicable to the

oxygen content.
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Steam quality
2
Guidance values for start-up operation
The guidance values cannot be attained economically on initial

commissioning of new plants and during start-up operation. The values
given in the following table are applicable for these special cases.
The guidance values for these cases are given in this table in the form of so-
called "Action levels".
The values for each action level are also designed for cases, where, due to
faults (e.g. air inclusion, inclusion of organic substances in the make-up
water), maintenance of the continuous operation values of the previous table
is not possible. Action level implies that "action" must be initiated, in order to
restore the normal condition within the specified time. The times are defined,
so that operation of the turbine can be continued at the current action level.
The first zone describes the maximum permissible time period per event, the
second line the maximum permissible time per year (corresponding to the
number of events).
Parameter Unit Action Level 1 Action Level 2 Action Level 3 Action Level 4
Conductivity at 25 °C μS/cm > 0.2 < 0,35 > 0.35 < 0.5 > 0.5 < 1.0 1.0
downstream of strongly acid
cation exchanger,
continuous measurement at
the sample point
Silicic acid (SiO2) mg/kg > 0.020 < 0.030 > 0.030 < 0.040 > 0.040 < 0.050 0.05
Total iron (Fe) mg/kg > 0.020 < 0.030 > 0.030 < 0.040 > 0.040 < 0.050 0.05
Total copper 3) (Cu) mg/kg > 0.003 < 0.005 > 0.005 < 0.008 > 0.008 < 0.010 0.010
Sodium 4) (Na) mg/kg > 0.010 < 0.015 > 0.015 < 0.020 > 0.020 < 0.025 0.025
Time period per event, in h < 100 < 24 <4 0 2)

which continued operation of
the turbine is possible with
the corresponding values.
Accumulated total time per h/a < 2000 < 500 < 80 0 2)
year
Table 2
Guidance values for start-up operation 1) and for devation from the
recommended continuous operation values (Table 1 / VGB-R 450L)
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2 Steam quality
1) We recommend that, in order to avoid efficiency reduction and

impairment of the service life, the turbine be started up with the
values < Action Level 2. A falling tendency of the values should
become apparent.
2) Action Level 4: These values mean that considerable impairment of
the steam quality has occurred, which can result in damage to the
turbine (corrosion and/or deposits) within a very short time. It is
strongly recommended that the turbine be shut down.
3) Monitoring of the Cu values can be dispensed with in the case of a
water-steam cycle whose water is free of Cu.
4) If so-called solid alkalinization materials (NaOH, Na3PO4) are not
employed, it is not absolutely necessary to monitor the Na values.
In general:
When a parameter reaches or exceeds the value of an action level, the
value of the next higher action level is applicable.
NOTE
The time periods given are primarily intended for plants with frequent
startups, in order to take into account unavoidable frequent operation with
increased steam conductivity (> 0.2 μS/cm) during the start-up phase.
The corresponding time periods are to be interpreted as maximum times, for

which, if not exceeded, impairment of the turbine is not to be expected.
In this connection attention is once more drawn to the fact that any deviation
from the values of Table 1 during continuous operation is a clear indication
of a fault. In order to avoid deposits and corrosion, return to the
recommended continuous operation values within the shortest possible time
should be aimed for.
Notes on the parameters of Tables 1 and 2:

Conductivity downstream of a strongly acid cation exchanger:
The electrical conductivity is the most important parameter for monitoring

purity.
As a result of use of a stongly acid cation exchanger (upstream of the
measuring cell), any alkalinization material in the water-steam cycle is
kept out of the sample taken and its conductivity is suppressed. At the
same time, any impurities present (e.g. salts) are converted into their
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Steam quality
2
coresponding acids, which, by virtue of their higher specific conductivity,

increase the measuring sensitivity.
Measurement of the conductivity is independent of the substance
involved, i.e. suitable analytical methods must be employed for further
identification of an impurity, where this is necessary.
Silicic acid (SiO2):
Silicic acid is fundamentally volatile. The volatility is dependent, among

other factors, on the boiler pressure, the alkalinity of the boiler water and
on the silicic acid concentration of the boiler water (thickening). Silicic
acid and silicates lead to formation of hard-to-remove deposits on the
turbine blades. Silicic acid cannot be detected by measurement of
conductivity because it is weakly dissociated. Individual analysis
(laboratory measurement) is therefore necessary.
Sodium (Na):
Sodium occurs in the water-steam cycle either in the form of so-called

solid alkalinization materials for the boiler water (NaOH, Na3PO4) or as an
impurity (e.g. due to cooling water leakage). Impurities are detected on
measurement of the conductivity downstream of the strongly acid cation
exchanger, so that there is no direct need for carrying out separate
sodium analysis.
The normal operating values given in Table 1 are generally achieved on
adherence to the specified guidance values for boiler water conditioning
(e.g. VGB).
On operation of the water-steam cycle with exclusively volatile
conditioning (AVT mode of operation => All Volatile Treatment),
monitoring of sodium in the steam can be dispensed with.
Total iron (Fe):
The total iron concentration is an indicator for existence of corrosion

processes and further supplies an indication of the rate of transportation
of the corrosion products.
The iron concentration in steam normally lies significantly < 0.020 mg/kg
in constant continuous operation.
Increased iron values in the steam generally occur during the start-up
process, in particular on cold starts.
In order to avoid deposits of iron oxides on the blades and/or erosion
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2 Cleanliness of the steam lines
proceses, the maximum total iron concentration should be 0.050 mg/kg

before start-up.
Total copper (Cu):
Like the total iron content, the total copper is an indicator for existence of
corrosion processes.
Deposits containing copper are, among other causes, responsible for
triggering corrosion processes. On use of condenser tubes made of
copper-free materials (stainless steel, Titan), monitoring of the copper
concentration is not necessary.
2.3 Cleanliness of the steam lines

Preliminary remark In spite of the greatest care being taken during installation and welding of
the steam lines, it is inevitable that foreign matter will remain in the systems.
Oxide layers, which peel off, occur as a result of heat treatment and
annealing or preheating. Moreover, corrosion products may be produced.
Steam strainers installed upstream of the emergency stop valves provide

protection only against ingress of larger solid particles, which would cause
severe damage to the turbine.
Solid particles, which are smaller than the mesh openings of the strainers,
cause damage to the blades inside the turbine. This results in surface
roughening of the blades, plugged blade channels, solid particle erosion,
etc.; occasionally damage to blading seal strips also occurs.
The strainers cannot be allowed to become plugged, since this would cause
throttling losses and differential pressure, which would cause destruction of
the strainers. Fine-mesh strainer fabric cannot be used in the steam
strainers of the turbine in normal operation. There is a danger that the fine-
mesh fabric would become partially plugged, tear and then be carried into
the turbine.
In order to avoid this happening so far as is possible, the steam systems

upstream of the turbine must be cleaned thoroughly before initial
commissioning of the plant. The inside surfaces of the steam pipes must be
cleared of loose rust, scale, coatings, dirt and foreign matter to such an
extent that the components connected thereto can be started up safely.
The cleaning methods to be employed, the boundary conditions to be taken

into consideration and the evaluation criteria are described below from the
point of view of the turbine manufacturer.
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Cleanliness of the steam lines
2
The piping system supplier is responsible for cleaning of the steam piping
system: where appropriate, agreement on the cleaning method to be
employed should be reached between the supplier and the manufacturer of
the steam generator and/or the plant owner.
Evaluation of the degree of cleanliness is to be undertaken in co-operation

with the skilled staff of the turbine manufacturer.
Two proven methods of cleaning are available:
chemical and
blowing,
which can be employed either alone or in combination.
Chemical cleaning of piping Oxidation and corrosion products and also welding residues can be
systems dissolved by chemical treatment of the inside surfaces of the piping, which is
subsequently flushed out. This may be carried out either by specialised
contractors, the boiler supplier or the piping system supplier.
It must be ensured that all the initial steam and, where applicable, the
induction steam piping or sections thereof are chemically cleaned. Piping or
sections thereof which cannot be blown are to be flushed extra thoroughly.
Chemical residues occur and these cannot be removed adequately even

with intensive flushing. Following acid cleaning, flushing and passivation, the
systems should consequently be cleaned additionally (using high-velocity
steam or air), where this is permissible.
Blowing of piping systems The piping system is normally blown using steam. In special cases,
compressed air is used for cleaning, with a reservoir charged and relieved to
the atmosphere abruptly through flap valves.
In both cases, use is made of the high velocity of the cleaning medium. In so
doing, it is necessary to achieve flow velocities greater than those in full-load
operation.
The piping must be blown in such a manner that contamination and residues
cannot accumulate in the dead ends of the piping system. Components need
not be blown.
Instrumentation and control devices installed in the piping system, which

could be damaged by blowing, must be removed beforehand. Internals such
as strainers, filters, measuring orifices, condensate and moisture separators,
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valves, check valves and similar equipment, which could impede the blowing
out of solid matter, must likewise be removed before blowing.
Parts removed should be replaced by blanks, where appropriate. Sensitive

equipment which cannot be removed should be protected by means of
inserts.
Types of steam discharge With steam blowing, provision must be made for steam discharge. Three
methods are available:
Discharge to atmosphere
This method entails a high noise level. Although silencers reduce the
noise impact, this method should be used only in cases where noise does
not pose a problem.
Discharge of steam into water.
Noise impact is considerably reduced on discharging the steam under
water. However, on the one hand, the permissible thermal loading of
natural or artificial waters must not be not be exceeded and, on the other
hand, the pollution of these waters with possibly hazardous foreign matter
must be kept within the permissible limits.
Discharge of steam to condenser
This method is chosen when the other discharge modes are
impracticable or for other reasons, e.g. where operation of the boiler
system allows no other alternative.
This method has both advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages:
low noise impact,
minimal expenditure for provisional steam blow aids
recovery of condensate.
Disadvantages:
danger of damaging the valve seats,
only those lines can be blown through which steam flows during
bypass operation,
possible damage to condenser tubes by foreign matter,
accumulation of foreign objects in the hotwell,
possible contamination of the water cycle.
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Where the blow-steam is discharged to the condenser, the following

components or systems must be in operation in addition to the water
treatment plant and the appropriate feedwater tanks:
the cooling water supply system,

the vacuum pumps,
the condensate pumps,
the seal steam system,
the oil system and, where provided,
the turning gear and
the vacuum monitor.
All three methods necessitate additional steam blow piping. In cases where
the steam is discharged to the condenser, this blow exhaust pipe is
integrated in the main steam network. Additional piping must be installed for
discharge of the steam into water or into the atmosphere.
Dimensioning of these blow exhaust pipes must be based on the blowing

conditions. The diameter of the blow exhaust pipe must at least be as great
as that of the piping to be blown. Blow-out lines and additional auxiliary
piping must be secured so that no faults occur as a result of temperature
changes or pipe thrust.
Provisional installations for blowing must be fabricated from clean piping

sections. The nominal diameter should at least be as great as that of the line
to be blown; formed fittings should if possible not be used, owing to the
pressure losses. Piping should preferably be equipped with flanged-pair
joints in order to facilitate rapid installation.
Design-related water pockets in the discharge lines should be adequately

drained in order to avoid water hammer.
All lines through which steam is supplied to the main and auxiliary turbines
must be blown. Blowing diagrams should be available for planning purposes.
Blowing should always be performed through a main steam line, to which
auxiliary lines have been connected. Where subsystems are to be blown, the
remaining auxiliary piping must be provided with blanking flanges.
Normally the systems should not be blown via the turbine control valves or
turbine stop valve bodies. Separate pipe outlets are provided for this
purpose. The lines may remain connected during blowing. In exceptional
cases, and only where there is no other possibility, blowing is allowed
through the turbine casing. However, for this purpose special blanks must be
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ordered from the turbine supplier, matched to the design of the turbine stop
and bypass valves. These blanks are designed to prevent contamination
entering the inside of the turbine and to prevent damage to the valve seats.
Danger of injury!
The solid particles are blown out from the discharge pipe at high
velocity.
DANGER Appropriate measures must be taken to ensure that the blown out solid
particles cannot cause injury to persons or damage to property.
Blowing is effective only where the velocity of the cleaning medium is higher
than the velocity in full-load operation. On account of the high mass flows
occurring at the nominal main steam parameters, it is advisable to operate
with reduced main steam parameter values. Another reason for so doing is
that the boiler is often not yet capable of operating at its nominal conditions.
The main steam pressure during blow-out should be >50% of the normal
main steam pressure – downstream of boileroutlet , upstream of main steam
valve in main steam line – maximum blow-out pressure at turbine stop valve
25 bar; it must not however exceed the maximum permissible pressure in
the individual sections.
In order to avoid erosion damage, the steam must be superheated by at

least 80 to 100°C; it must likewise not however not exceed the maximum
permissible operating temperature.
The required mass flow rate is determined from the mass flow / volume ratio,
also known as the CRF or K factor. From this, it is also possible to determine
the velocities in tubes and steam generators.
mB Mass flow during steam blowing
mV Mass flow at full load
VB Specific volume during steam blowing
VV Specific volume at full load
The mass flow during blowing mB is determined using the following equation:
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The actual value of mB is determined by checking the previously determined

K factor. The thermodynamic values are taken from the well known steam
tables (Mollier h,s diagram, or similar sources).
Blowing is carried out in a number of phases. The steam piping system

should be allowed to cool down between such phases.
For reasons of safety, the first blow attempt should be made at approx. 15 to
20 % of the specified blowing pressure. The pressure should be increased to
the full value only in the subsequent attempts. The piping system and
fastenings should be checked to detect any faults or irregulatities, which
should be rectified.
In each of the subsequent phases, blowing must be carried out a number of

times at the maximum velocity. The effectiveness of blowing is not
dependent on the duration but rather on the number of blows, during each of
which the pipe material is heated and subsequently allowed to cool down to
room temperature (or at least below 100 °C) in order to ensure that oxidation
layers, corrosion products and welding residues are removed. Experience
has shown that this is achieved, when not more than two or three blowing
phases are carried out daily, i.e. a period extending over a number of days
(for up to a week) must be taken into consideration for planning purposes for
complete blow-out.
Checking of cleanliness Satisfactory results from steam blowing can only be expected when the
specified steam conditions and velocities approximate to those specified. It
is therefore necessary to measure the pressures, temperatures and mass
flows during blowing, or at least to determine these approximately, in order
to be able to check the velocities in the individual systems.
The results of steam blowing are checked by means of a device installed as

depicted in Fig. 1. This assembly basically comprises the holder 4 , to which
verification strips of copper or aluminium are screwed. Bare aluminium of
approx. 40 mm width, more than 1 mm thick and a Brinell hardness of HB25
to 35, is preferred. Both sides of the strips should be usable. They should be
renewed prior to each blowing process.
The foreign matter with the blowing steam leaves pits on the strips; the
number, size and edge form of such impacts are important for evaluation of
the results. It must be taken into account that the steam velocity varies as a
function of the piping cross-section. It can therefore be assumed that the
steam velocity in the middle of the pipe is higher than along the sides. The
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pits must therefore be evaluated accordingly; those at the edge are more
significant than those in the middle.
Test device
1 Blowing steam flow

2 Inspection cover
3 Verification plate
4 Duplex T support
In the first phase of blowing, the strips will have a considerable number of
large pits, so that comparison with the strips installed for the final blowing
phase will not allow significant conclusive evaluation. For this reason, the
strips should be installed only after the 4th or 5th blowing phase, each
consisting of between 3 and 5 blows.
Evaluation of the results of The following two methods can be used for evaluation of the results of steam
steam blowing blowing:
Evaluation on the basis of number and size of pits

The number of pits on the surface of the strips installed after the 4th or
5th purging phase and the proportion of the surface area affected (to be
counted and measured) are weighted with 100 % in the high-velocity
zone. In the subsequent phases, the decline in the number of pits and
their size on the strips must be evaluated. Blowing has been successful,
if the number of pits and their surface area fall to between 10 and 15 %.
The pit craters at the edges should not exhibit any marked deformation
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humps; the number of indentations should not alter significantly in

subsequent blowing processes.
Evaluation of the absolute number of impacts
Blowing has been successful if in the high-velocity zone not more than 5
pits without deformation humps are found and there are no pits in the
edge zones. This result should not alter significantly (max. 20 %) in
numerous subsequent blowing operations and phases. Otherwise,
blowing must be continued until the criteria specified are attained and the
conditions have stabilised.
Evaluation against reference specimens
The degree of cleanliness of piping sections can be evaluated on the
basis of the following reference specimens. The degree of cleanliness of
the reference specimens increases as the numbers increase from 1 to
10. For main steam lines, we recommend a degree of cleanliness
corresponding to reference specimen 7. Evaluation based on number and
size is also to be taken into account as described above.
Blowing should on no account be terminated, as long as large numbers of

pits and pits larger than 1.5 mm diameter are found on the strips. The strips
should be evaluated only after 10 minutes (minimum blowing duration) have
elapsed.
The strips must be evaluated by the plant operator and by representatives of

the supplier of the steam generator and of the turbine. Previously agreed
evaluation criteria considerably speed up the decision as to whether blowing
should be discontinued. The evaluation results should be documented for
each piping section.
On completion of the cleaning process, all the previously removed

components should be reinstalled and connected. All the attached blanking
flanges, additional piping and closures should be removed and additional
connections should be sealed off.
Do not mix up individual parts!

Piping system parts such as bolts, nuts, gaskets and valves must not be
mixed up and must be reinstalled properly in accordance with the pipe
type or parts list and isometric drawings (flow direction).
ATTENTION
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2 Requirements for turbine oils
Reference specimens for evaluation of the degree of cleanliness of piping sections
2.4 Requirements for turbine oils
Scope of validity
The following requirements for lubricating oils and control fluids apply for
Siemens industrial-type turbines with and without gearing and for low and
high-pressure hydraulic applications.
Additional regulations
Technical conditions of supply for turbine oils (TLV 901304)
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Requirements for turbine oils
2
List of approved turbine oils in conformity with TLV 9013 04

Technical conditions for supply of high-flashpoint fluids (HFF) (TLV
901202)
General
The following remarks should be taken into account for selection and
determination of the quantity of fluids to be employed for lubrication and/or
control of steam turbosets:
As a general rule, all the products listed in the above mentioned

"Technical conditions for supply", which meet the requirements, can be
used.
A list of the turbine oils investigated is available (refer to "List of turbine
oils approved by TLV"). No recommendations are made for any specific
brands for reasons of competitive fairness.
Special plant-specific data must be taken into account.
Application
These operating instructions give hints and selection aids for fluids:
for lubrication of bearings and gearing,

for applications in hydraulic controllers and
for application in high-pressure and low-pressure controls.
Type of fluids
Exclusive use is made of lubricating and control fluids which are resistant to
ageing and exhibit good corrosion characteristics and neutral behaviour with
respect to the usually employed shaft-sealing elements, bearing materials,
non-ferrous metals, sealing paints and pastes.
The necessary physical and chemical characteristics are specified in the

above mentioned operating instructions.
Requirements
Lubricating oils and control fluids L-TD for industrial-type turbosets, based
on DIN 51515
The requirements for lubricating oils and control fluids given in the
"Technical conditions of supply for turbine oils" also apply to turbine oils.
Use is made of mineral oil or synthetic oil with additives for improvement of
protection against corrosion and of the resistance to ageing. Turbine oils for
use in gearing may contain additional additives to increase the loading
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capacity, improvement of protection against scoring and for reduction of

wear.
As a general rule, turbine oil consists of paraffin-based mineral oil which is

made up of a mixture of saturated carbohydrates; the precise composition
cannot be given on account of the large number of different components.
Additives should not have a negative affect on copper materials used in the
circuit, i.e. they must not contain metallic-organic compounds (e.g. organic
zinc compounds such as zinc dithionic phosphate). Formation of deposits
must not occur under the influence of temperature and pressure in machine
components.
The use of synthetic oils on the basis of poly-α-olefines is permissible.
High-flashpoint fluids (HFF) HFD-R in conformity with DIN 51 502

Triaryl phosphoric ester
The requirements for lubricating oils and control fluids given in the
"Technical conditions of supply for high-flashpoint fluids" apply to high-
flashpoint fluids (HFF).
Of the various high-flashpoint fluids (HFF) available, only those which are
free of water and designated HFD-R are suitable for the application (triaryl
phosphoric ester). Triaryl phosphoric esters are reaction products of
phosphorus oxychloride and phenol or phenol derivatives, which are
produced from natural base materials (natural HFF) or synthetic base
materials (synthetic HFF).
The final product must be free from ortho-cresol compounds in neurotoxic

quantities. Additives can be added to improve specific characteristics, such
as, for example, protection against corrosion, oxidation stability, etc.,
provided these have no deleterious effect on the materials employed in the
system. Subject to the precondition that they are continuously regenerated,
high-flashpoint fluids may not cause corrosion due to erosion at the edges of
control elements exposed to high flow velocity formation of deposits may not
occur even over prolonged periods of time.
The characteristics of high-flashpoint fluids may not be unfavourably

influenced on contamination with 2 % mineral oil by weight.
High-flashpoing fluids must be staple under shearing conditions and may not
contain viscosity enhancers (high-polymere compounds).
On use in high-pressure hydraulic systems and with normal maintenance, a

service life of at least 25 000 operating hours must be achieved (with
continuous regeneration). The limit values at the specified service life are to
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be found in the relevant instructions "Maintenance of the hydraulic

assembly".
Hydraulic oils in conformity with DIN 51524, Part 2
The requirements listed in DIN 51524, Part 2, apply to hydraulic oils which
are employed in high-pressure hydraulic systems.
Hydraulic oils HLP are pressure fluids of mineral oil with additives for
enhancement of protection against corrosion, resistance to ageing and for
reduction of wear due to galling.
The additives may not contain any metal-organic compounds, e.g. organic
zinc compounds, which attack copper materials.
HLP hydraulic oils of viscosity class ISO VG 32 and 46 are employed.
With normal maintenance, the hydraulic oil must achieve a service life of 35
000 operating hours without exceeding the relevant limit values.
HLP-D oils are not approved for the application due to their emulsifying
characteristics on water absorption.
Areas of use
Turbosets without gearing, with common lubricating oil and control fluid
circuit.
The following are approved as lubricating and/or control fluids:
Lubricating and control oils which conform to the relevant

"Requirements", Point . 1,
high-flamepoint fluids which conform to the "Requirements", Point 2.
Turbosets with gearing and with common lubricating oil and control fluid
circuit.

"Requirements", Point 1,
high-flamepoint fluids which conform to the "Requirements", Point 2.
Old plants with gearing

High-flamepoint fluids which conform to the "Requirements", Point 2.
Turbosets with and without gearing, with separate high-pressure
hydraulic system
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© Siemens AG 2007
The following lubricants are approved:

The following control fluids are approved:

Hydraulic oils in conformity with DIN 51524, Part 2, corresponding to the
"Requirements", Point 3
General requirements
Viscosity grades
Turbosets without gearing, with common lubricating oil and control fluid
circuit.
Fluids of the viscosity classes ISO VG 32 and ISO VG 46 are employed.
Turbosets with gearing and with common lubricating oil and control fluid
circuit.
Fluids of the viscosity class ISO VG 46 are employed. Use of fluids with
viscosity classes ISO VG 68 and ISO VG 32 is permissible only after
consulting Siemens AG, PG I144.
Old plants with gearing 4.5 °E
Older turbosets were designed for viscosities from 4.5°E (= 33.5 cSt) at 50
°C; these can be replaced by fluids of the viscosity class ISO VG 46 where:
the fluid temperature upstream of the gearing does not exceed 45 °C and
fulfillment of the requirements as specified in the "Technical conditions for
supply of turbine oils" is assured.
If replacement by a fluid of class ISO VG 46 is not possible, a mixture of ISO

VG 68 and ISO VG 46, which exhibits the physical and chemical
characteristics specified in the above mentioned conditions for supply, may
be used.
It is recommended that the measures to be taken be discussed with

Siemens AG, PG I144.
Old plants with gearing ISO VG 68
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2
In some cases older gearing was designed for a viscosity of ISO VG 68;
before changing to ISO VG 46, this measure should be discused with
Siemens AG, PG I144.
High-pressure hydraulic system with separate fluid circuit
Fluids of the viscosity classes ISO VG 32 and ISO VG 46 are employed.
Thermal rating
Refer to the "Technical conditions for supply of turbine oils and high-
flashpoint fluids".
Compatibility
Refer to the "Technical conditions for supply of turbine oils and high-
flashpoint fluids".
Corrosion protection properties
The fluids should prevent formation of rust on steels and non-ferrous

materials.
Water-separation ability and demulsification capacity and demulsification

behaviour
The fluids must be capable of rapid separation of any water, which has been
taken up, so that the water does not remain in the circuit but can be removed
at the lowest point in the tank. This property may not be influenced by fouling
or ageing.
Air-separating ability, foaming property and foam dissipation time
Adequate air-separating ability and low foam formation are important

operational characteristics.
Air carried in the fluid, which is not separated within the tank lingering time,
results in changes to the characteristics, such as increased compressibility,
modification of the heat transfer, increase of ageing and reduction of
concentration of the additive.
Physical characteristics
The fluids must be such that, on taking the prescribed and necessary
hygienic measures, no endangerment of health arises for persons either
handling or coming into contact with the fluids.
Requirements for turbine gearing
The minimum FZG failure stage is defined in the "Technical conditions for
supply of turbine oils".
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Requirements for high-pressure hydraulic systems
The minimum FZG failure stage is defined in the "Technical conditions for
supply of turbine oils".
General Notes
Filling
Instructions for maintenance and filling dangerous foreign matter are
to be issued by the supplier before filling the plant.
The supplier of the fluid must specify the necessary investigation
intervals and the investigation program for evaluation of operability for
filling. Limit values for evaluation are to be specified in writing.
In cases where no requirements are given in a Regulation, the plant
owner is free to select the fluid within the given limits.
Experience gained in the plant or in similar installations should be
taken into account in selection of the fluid.
Physical or chemical characteristics not mentioned in the requirement
list must be guaranteed by the supplier of the fluid, in so far as these
are necessary for proper use in the envisaged application.
The filled volume is dependent on the size of the fluid tank and on the
volume necessary to fill the other components of the circuit. It normally
corresponds to the maximum filled volume of the tank.
Normally approx. 50 - 60 % of the normal filled volume of the service
system (nominal volume of the tank) is required for flushing of the
circuit (approx. 100% in the case of high-pressure systems).
The fluid loss in systems which are tight in operation can be assumed
to be < 0.5 % of the nominal volume per 1000 operating hours. The
identical product to that used for the original filling should be employed
for topping up.
The specified percentage purity in conformity with ISO 4406 in the as-
supplied condition is defined in the "Technical conditions for supply of
turbine oils". This requirement must be fulfilled by the supplier for the
as-delivered product or be fullfilled after filtering performed by the
supplier prior to filling,
Purity
The purity of the fluid has a major impact on the availability and service life
of components and must be monitored and maintained during the
operational period.
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For equipment supplied by Siemens AG, Turbine Works Duisburg and

Görlitz, the values for the permissible purity classes of Table 1 below are to
be maintained. In the Table, the high-pressure and low-pressure areas are
considered separately. The values should be achieved on commencement
of commercial operation; values, which are higher than those specified by
1%, can be tolerated for short periods of time. The lower value is applicable
in systems which are not separated by further filters.
These values are to be maintained in the individual systems by means of

flushing.
The high-pressure hydraulic system must always be filled through the return
filter of the hydraulic assembly, irrespective of the purity of the fluid.
Components ISO 4406 NAS 1638
Low-pressure system ND
Electrohydraulic converter 18/16/13 6
Emergency trip assembly SSB 19/17/14 8
Sleeve bearings 22/20/17 11

22/20/17 -
Controller SR IV
High-pressure system HD
Electrohydraulic servo valve 17/15/12 5
Pumps 18/16/13 6
Pressure valves 18/16/13 6

19/17/14 8
Emergency trip assembly SSB
Pumps DE
Lifting = jacking oil pump 18/16/13 6
Table 1
Influence of silicon
Even slight traces of silicon have a considerable negative influence on the

physical properties of fluids and may therefore not be introduced into the
circuit through use of sealing material or in the form of silicon-based tubing
or cable jackets. Moreover, silicon may not be used as a lubricating material
in the manufacture of, for example, tubing or cable jackets.
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2 Technical conditions for supply of turbine oils
Reference standards
The reference standards are listed in the Technical conditions for supply of
turbine oils.
2.5 Technical conditions for supply of turbine oils
Scope of validity
These technical conditions for supply (TLV) are applicable for procurement
of turbine oils intended for lubrication and in part for control of Siemens
steam and gas turbosets with and without gearing.
Reference standards
DIN ISO DIN ISO DIN EN ISO ASTM D 1 ASTM D

51 562-1 6247 2592 2160 445 97
51 381 3016 2049 3427 1500
51 558-1 5884 974 130
51 777-1 4406 1744 665
51 589-1 892 943
51 599 1401 5182
51 757 1298
51 585 92
51 587
51 354
General requirements
Type of turbine oil
Turbine oil within the meaning of these technical conditions for supply (TLV)
is a mineral oil or a synthetic oil with additives to improve protection against
corrosion and resistance to ageing. Turbine oils, which are employed for
lubrication of gearing, may contain additives for enhancement of the load
bearing ability and for wear reduction.
Chemical composition
As a general rule, turbine oil consists of paraffin-based mineral oil which is

made up of a mixture of saturated carbohydrates; the precise composition
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Technical conditions for supply of turbine oils
2
cannot be given on account of the large number of different components.

The physical properties are the basis for selection of turbine oil.
The additives may not have any deleterious effect on the materials
employed in the oil system. They should not contain any metal-organic
compounds (e.g. organic zinc compounds).
Thermal rating
The composition of the turbine oil must be such that under the influence of
temperatures of up to max. 120 °C in machine components (e.g. bearings,
coupling, gearing) and of max. 80 °C in the oil tank, the oil characteristics
are not negatively changed.
Compatibility
The turbine oil must be capable of being mixed with residual quantities (max.
4 % by volume) of another turbine oil on the same basis mineral oil or
synthetic), without occurrence of negative changes to the oil characteristics.
Physical characteristics
The composition of the turbine oil must be such that on taking the prescribed
and necessary hygienic measures, no endangerment of health arises for
persons either handling or coming into contact with it.
Physical and chemical characteristics
Characteristic Numerical Unit Test method Test method

value DIN / ISO ASTM
Kinematic viscosity at 40°C 1)

ISO VG 32 28.8 - 35.2 mm2/s DIN 51 562-1 ASTM D 445
ISO VG 46 41.4 - 50.6 mm2/s
Air-separating ability at 50 °C ≤4 min DIN 51 381 ASTMD 3427
Neutralization value
a. Oil without EP/AW additive ≤ 0.20 mg KOH/g DIN 51 558-1 ASTM D 974
b. Oil with EP/AW additives ≤ 0.30 mg KOH/g
Water content ≤ 100 mg/kg DIN 51 777-1 ASTM D 1744
Foaming characteristics at 25 °C
Foam formation ≤ 400 ml ISO 6247 ASTM D 892
Foam stability ≤ 450 s (Seq. 1) (Seq. 1)
Water-separation capacity ≤ 300 s DIN 51 589-1 -
Demulsification capacity ≤ 20 min DIN 51 599 ASTM D 1401
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2 Technical conditions for supply of turbine oils

Density at 15 °C ≤ 900 kg/m3 DIN 51 757 ASTM D 1298
Flash point
ISO VG 32 > 160 °C DIN ISO 2592 ASTM D 92
ISO VG 46 > 185 °C
Pour point ≤-6 °C ISO 3016 ASTM D 97
Degree of purity 2) ≤ 17/14 - test: ISO 5884 -

result:ISO 4406
Colour ≤2 - DIN ISO 2049 ASTM D 1500
Corrosive effect on copper ≤ 2 - 100 A 3 - DIN EN ISO ASTM D 130

2160
Corrosion protection against steel 0-B (DIN) - DIN 51 585 ASTM D 665
pass (ASTM)
Ageing behaviour: Increase of the ≤ 2.0 mg KOH/g DIN 51 587 ASTM D 943
neutralization value after 2500 h
1 The viscosity class will be specified by the responsible design

department.
2 The degree of purity of the oil refers to the as-supplied condition. The
required purity in the system is individually specified for each system and
must be assured by means of suitable measures (e.g. filtering, oil by-
pass filtering system).
Additional requirements for gearing turbine oils

FZG test, A/8,3/90 failure stage ≥8 - DIN 51.354 ASTM D 5182
Type test and approval
The following procedure is laid down for approval of turbine oil in accordance
with these Technical conditions (TLV):
These Technical conditions (TLV) shall be made available to the

manufacturer or supplier, as the case may be.
1. An initial sample (5 kg) shall be submitted to Siemens AG PG S363.
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Technical conditions for supply of turbine oils
2
The container must bear an unambiguous product designation and the name
of the manufacturer or supplier. A type test report shall accompany the
sample giving details of
the physical and chemical characterisrtics and, where relevant,

additional requirements for combined gearing & turbine oils
and must include the actual values in conformity with these technical
conditions (TLV). In addition, a statement of compliance with the
requirements regarding
thermal rating,
compatibility and
the physical characteristics
are to be attached in conformity with these Technical conditions (TLV). A

current DIN safety data sheet shall be appended.
Ö Siemens AG PG S363, shall carry out tests on the initial sample at

their own discretion and on the basis of these Technical conditions
(TLV).
The amount by which the confirmed test results from the supplier deviate
from the values determined by Siemens AG PG S363, shall not exceed
thiose which can be attributed to the different methods of investigation
employed.
Ö The turbine oil will be approved if the test results are positive. The
product will then be included in the list of approved turbine oils in
conformity with these Technical conditions (TLV).
Responsibility for quality

Approval of a turbine oil in no way absolves the supplier from
responsibility for the quality of the product.
NOTE
1. Any modification of the product or of its method of production must be

communicated immediately and spontaneously to Siemens AG PG S363.
Supply and documentation
The supplier shall submit the test results of the batch, from which the
supplied quantity has been taken, to the purchaser well in advance of
supply.
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2 List of approved turbine oils
The test results for the following parameters are to be submitted for each
charge:
viscosity,
air-separating ability,
neutralization value,
water content,
foaming characteristics,
water-separation ability and demulsification capacity.
Supply of the turbine oil shall be made in clean containers which are
provided with unambiguous product and charge designations.
Before filling the oil system, a 1 l sample shall be taken and submitted to the
purchaser; in the case of different charges, samples form each of the
different charges shall be mixed in equal proportions to make up a 1 l
sample.
For turbosets with gearbox a sample quantity of 3 litres is required.
Filling
Filling of the oil system shall be carried out by the supplier on his own
responsibility and at his own expense. Filling shall be carried out through a
filter plant and must be completed within 24 hours. The pore width of the
filter may not exceed 40 μm.
Any further services by the supplier are the subject of agreement with the
purchaser.
Special agreements
Special agreements, which contain deviations form the requirements of

these Technical conditions (TLV), are subject to approval by the purchaser.
They shall be made in writing.
refer also to
Requirements for turbine oils [J 20]
2.6 List of approved turbine oils
Scope
This Technical Purchase Specification applies to the procurement of turbine

oil for Siemens steam and gas turbine generators.
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Cleanliness of lubricating oil and control fluid system
2
Turbine oils that have been analyzed and approved for use are given in the
current approval list entitled "List of Approved Turbine Oils based on TLV 90
13 04".
1. Refer to folder – Drawings and Lists – in the Section "List of Approved

Turbine Oils based on TLV 90 13 04"
When selecting a turbine oil, ensure that the viscosity classification is

appropriate for the turbomachinery involved. A gearbox turbine oil must
be selected for turbomachinery with a gearbox.
NOTE
The products listed here are exclusively of viscosity classification ISO VG 32

and 46, with gearbox turbine oil being indicated. Gearbox turbine oil can also
be used in turbines without gearboxes.
1. If servicing is required for a change of oil, we recommend consulting

PGI1 – Field Service Support, to ensure that you have the most up-to-
date "List of Approved Turbine Oils based on TLV 90 13 04", or to replace
your current list with this one.
2. This will ensure that your selection of turbine oil is based on the latest list
of approved oils.
2.7 Cleanliness of lubricating oil and control fluid system
General
Cleanliness of the oil system is of great significance for safe and long-term
trouble-free operation of turbines and turbosets. Contaminated oil leads to
premature wear of the components and thus to operational disturbances and
to suddenly occurring operational failures. The degree of cleanliness must
therefore be checked at regular intervals.
A distinction must be made between two sources of contamination.
contamination occurring during erection

contamination occurring during operation
Contamination resulting from erection work
During erection of the turbine and the associated components, the oil system
can be contaminated by generally coarse foreign particles. Shavings, fibres
of cleaning cloths, welding pearls, rust, scale, etc. For this reason, the oil
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2 Cleanliness of lubricating oil and control fluid system
system must be cleaned by flushing prior to initial commissioning of the

turbine or turboset.
Even where the relevant flushing insrtructions are followed, complete

cleanliness does not result. During operation, particles break loose due to
temperature changes, high flow rate of the circulating oil or vibration.
In order to minimise the task of flushing, the minimum degree of cleanliness

of the supplied fluids specified in the "Requirements for lubricating oil and
control fluid for industrial-type turbines" and the "Technical conditions for
supply of turbine oils" should be fulfilled.
Contamination during operation
Fine particles of dirt are carried into the lubricating oil and control fluid
system during operation through the sealing rings of the bearing housings
and through the venting filters. In addition, unavoidable wear of the
components occurs.
Requirements
Before the turbine or turboset can be put into service, the cleanliness of the
operating fluid must at least conform to the requirements for the appropriate
classifications of the specification "Requirements for lubricating oil and
control fluid for industrial-type turbines"
The specified degree of cleanliness is also to be checked during operation of

the turbine at regular intervals and to be assured.
Sampling
In order to verify the specified degree of cleanliness, samples must be taken

and analysed at regular intervals (refer to the Section "Maintenance and
inspection overview: Test and maintenance intervals") The samples should
always be taken from the fluid circuit at the same point.
For sampling, we recommend the use of special sampling glasses with

ground stoppers with a capacity of at least 200 ml.
Before taking a sample, at least 2 to 3 l fluid should be allowed to run off at

the sample point; this fluid can later be refilled into the tank. The sample
should now be taken without any interruption of flow.
Particular care should be taken to ensure that the sample is not additionally
contaminated. The sampling glass must therefore be covered as far as
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Cleanliness of lubricating oil and control fluid system
2
possible during sampling and should be sealed immediately thereafter so

that it is airtight.
Each sampling glass should be provided with a label containing the following
information:
sample number,
location of sampling point,
date and time of sampling,
type of fluid,
remarks, where appropriate.
The process should be documented in a sampling report.
Evaluation
The procedure for determination of the degree of purity primarily involves

filtration and treatment of the representative fluid sample. Particles, which
are larger than the pores of the filter paper employed, are retained on the
surface of the filter and can be evaluated using a microscope or a particle
measuring instrument.
In addition, the content of solid foreign matter should be determined in

accordance with DIN 51592. (Note: The solvent benzole specified in this
leaflet has been replaced by N heptane).
We recommend that evaluation of the samples should be carried out only by

the laboratory service of a technical institute or by a competent filter
manufacturer. The laboratory service of Siemens Power Generation,
Mellinghoferstraße 35, D-45473 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany, may also be
availed of.
The sample analysis results should be documented in the sampling report.

Such documentation is important, since these records facilitate evaluation of
the operational safety of the plant.
If the specified limit values are exceeded, measures must be taken. The
operating liquid must be cleaned, e.g. by means of micro-filters or oil by-
pass filtering systems.
The maximum tolerance range in continuous operation, in which it is

absolutely necessary to take the above-mentioned measures, extends to the
lower limit of the next higher group.
If it becomes apparent that contamination is increasing, measures should be

undertaken at the earliest possible opportunity, in order to assure the safety
of the components.
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2 Oil flushing program
2.8 Oil flushing program
Associated documents
0-0640-T-Nr.-00 RI flow diagram - lubricating oil
0-0641-T-Nr.-00 Control circuit diagram
2-3905-0895-00 Flushing-oil lines / flood lubrication parts
2-3911-T-Nr.-00 Control-oil lines
2-3913-T-Nr.-00 Lubrication-oil lines
The following abbreviations apply in this section:

MV Solenoid valve
SV Servo valve
NOTE SSV Quick-acting stop valve
ASSV Quick-closing bleed valve
ESSV Quick-closing extraction valve
U Converter
US Changeover valve
SSB Emergency tripping block
SSE Emergency tripping device
Make sure you discharge your inspection obligations properly!

This section is to be understood as instructions on steps to be taken.
Always satisfy yourself – in particular on the basis of the associated
documents – and on your own responsibility as to the conclusiveness
ATTENTION and completeness of the actions described!
Observe the safety regulations!

You should also comply with the safety regulations given in the
document entitled ‘Safety'!
ATTENTION
Before starting installation, switch off the oil pressure supply and check
there are no oil leaks before each flushing!
No installing or removal work is permitted on the oil system (valves,
plates, lines and so on) unless the oil pressure supply is switched off!
DANGER
Before each flushing you must make sure that the subsystem to be
flushed has no oil leaks!
Failure to do so may result in large quantities of oil escaping from the
system.
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Oil flushing program
2
Opened pipe connections and blanking disks

Make sure that opened pipe connections are always closed dust-tight
during flushing!
Do not fail to label where blanking disks are fitted, making sure the
NOTE labels are outwardly easily visible!
Removal of flushing hoses

Removing flushing hoses will always include restoring the original pipe
connection!
NOTE
Flushing oil
The oil lines can be flushed with either the normal oil provided or a
flushing oil.
NOTE
Flushing with normal oil
Once flushing is finished, check oil samples to see whether the oil can
continue to be used after conditioning.
Flushing with flushing oil

Once flushing is finished, the flushing oil must be removed without
leaving any residue and replaced by fresh oil for use in operation.
Flushing oil and operating oil are of the same oil type!
Note!
Do not use other flushing agents.
Scope and type of description in this section

This section is solely concerned with flushing the oil system and also
with flushing the turbine-operated main oil pump (if present).
The description will deal with the most comprehensive case - in other
NOTE words, not all components described may be present.
For reasons of presentation, it is possible that the same actions appear
several times in succession in this section.
Preparations - lubricating oil and control oil systems - first commissioning

Oil lines made of austenitic material and works trials of the turbine unit:
The turbine unit oil system is supplied in a cleaned state. The oil
system does not therefore need any further flushing.
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If the oil system of the oil supply system is flushed, the oil supply
connections to the lubrication and control oil systems of the turbine
unit must be shut off.
Oil lines made of carbon steel:
See preparations for lubrication oil system servicing with use of
flushing-oil lines at the bearing surround.
See preparations for control oil system servicing.
Preparations for lubrication oil system servicing

1. Remove the orifice plates
2. Fully open all bearing oil restrictors.
3. Remove all original filter elements.
4. Remove the top parts of the radial bearing, rotate the bottom parts into
the alignment position. This may be omitted if flushing-oil lines to the
bearing surround are present!
5. Remove axial bearing. This may be omitted if flushing-oil lines to the
bearing surround are present!
6. Remove the drive shaft and impeller of the encoder at the speed
controller. Clean the housing and fit it. This may be omitted if flushing-oil
lines to the bearing surround are present!
7. Clean the bearing housing including the oil ducts inside and reassemble
it.
Preparations for control oil system servicing
These procedures are decribed in the original turbine operating manual
Limit values and settings
The oil system should be set so that it can be flushed at the highest possible
oil mass flow rate.
If the oil temperature rises above 80 °C during oil flushing, the cooling
system should be started up.
Minimum Maximum
Oil temperature 25 °C 80 °C
Monitoring
During flushing, check whether all pipes of the designated flushing route are
being flushed: the pipes being flushed should warm up.
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Oil flushing program
2
Duration of flushing
Flushing must be continued until an oil purity of 16/13 per ISO 4406 or
Class 6 per NAS 1638 is reached.
If oil purity is not being checked, each section must be flushed for about 2
hours.
Section-by-section instructions for flushing the control oil system
These procedures are decribed in the original turbine operating manual
After flushing
1. Remove all blanking disks and flushing lines you fitted for flushing.
2. Remove the identification labels from the blanking disks.
3. Completely drain the oil system.
4. Clean the oil tank and lubrication oil filter.
5. In the case of oil flushing with normal oil, the oil used should be cleaned
and conditioned.
6. The oil system must be filled with cleaned oil.
7. Fit all relay valves.
8. Remove the cylinders of the quick closing valves. The inside parts of the
cylinders and fittings (pistons, springs and so on) must be cleaned
carefully.
9. Fit back the original filter elements of the double oil filter.
10.Set the damping devices 5620, 5621, 5622, 5623, 5625, 5626.
11.Fit all radial bearings and the axial bearing in the operating position.
12.If present: Reconnect the oil supply to the lubrication oil system (reopen
the shut-off valve).
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Initial commissioning Commissioning
© Siemens AG PG I 2007 Data subject to change.
PG I14314 Training
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© Siemens AG 2007

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Training on Industrial Steam Turbines

Type of Machine: SST800 – EEHNK 90/3,2

This Document fits for training puposes

© Siemens Power Generation 2007. Technical data subject to change.

1 Proper usage of steam turbine 5

2.2 Steam quality 6

2.3 Cleanliness of the steam lines 12

2.4 Requirements for turbine oils 20

2.5 Technical conditions for supply of turbine oils 28

2.6 List of approved turbine oils 32

2.7 Cleanliness of lubricating oil and control fluid system 33

2.8 Oil flushing program 36

Siemens AG PG I Printed in Germany

1 Proper usage of steam turbine

 The steam turbine is exclusively intended for conversion of thermal

The section "Initial commissioning" essentially contains the requirements

A distinction is made for steam quality between initial commissioning and

For fault-free operation we recommend an operating mode that allows the

2.2 Steam quality

Impurities in the steam can cause corrosion and deposits in superheaters,

Carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs as a corrosive steam impurity in the form of a

The deposits in turbines resulting from steam impurities can lead to

strength of the blade materials, for example, in the region of beginning

Guidance values for continuous operation

Continuous monitoring of the water-steam cycle should be effected by

Parameter Unit Guidance value Normal operation values 2)

Conductivity at 25 °C downstream of μS/cm < 0.2 0.1

Silicic acid (SiO2) mg/kg < 0.020 0.005

Total iron (Fe) mg/kg < 0.020 0.005

Total copper (Cu) mg/kg < 0.003 0.001

Sodium 4) (Na) mg/kg < 0.010 0.002

Guidance and normal operating values for live steam condensate in

1) We recommend operation at below the guidance values up to and

Conditioning of the water-steam cycle, alkaline operation, neutral operation

The considerations regarding feedwater treatment are also applicable to the

Guidance values for start-up operation

The guidance values cannot be attained economically on initial

Time period per event, in h < 100 < 24 <4 0 2)

1) We recommend that, in order to avoid efficiency reduction and

The corresponding time periods are to be interpreted as maximum times, for

Notes on the parameters of Tables 1 and 2:

The electrical conductivity is the most important parameter for monitoring

coresponding acids, which, by virtue of their higher specific conductivity,

Silicic acid is fundamentally volatile. The volatility is dependent, among

Sodium occurs in the water-steam cycle either in the form of so-called

The total iron concentration is an indicator for existence of corrosion

proceses, the maximum total iron concentration should be 0.050 mg/kg

2.3 Cleanliness of the steam lines

Steam strainers installed upstream of the emergency stop valves provide

In order to avoid this happening so far as is possible, the steam systems

The cleaning methods to be employed, the boundary conditions to be taken

Evaluation of the degree of cleanliness is to be undertaken in co-operation

Two proven methods of cleaning are available:

which can be employed either alone or in combination.

Chemical residues occur and these cannot be removed adequately even

Instrumentation and control devices installed in the piping system, which

Parts removed should be replaced by blanks, where appropriate. Sensitive

Where the blow-steam is discharged to the condenser, the following

 the cooling water supply system,

Dimensioning of these blow exhaust pipes must be based on the blowing

Provisional installations for blowing must be fabricated from clean piping

Design-related water pockets in the discharge lines should be adequately

The steam turbine is exclusively intended for conversion of thermal

the cooling water supply system,

Evaluation on the basis of number and size of pits

List of approved turbine oils in conformity with TLV 9013 04

As a general rule, all the products listed in the above mentioned

for lubrication of bearings and gearing,

Lubricating and control oils which conform to the relevant

Lubricating and control oils which conform to the relevant

Lubricating and control oils which conform to the relevant

Lubricating and control oils which conform to the relevant

Lubricating and control oils which conform to the relevant

Old plants with gearing 4.5 °E

Old plants with gearing ISO VG 68

High-pressure hydraulic system with separate fluid circuit