“Continuous Assessment, November-2018

Ph.D. Course Work”

THE IIS UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

Under the Supervision of: By:

Prof.(Dr.) Kavaldeep Dixit MITISa RATHORE

Department of Management ICG/2018/26422

IIIM, Jaipur
 Index
1 Broad Research Area

2 About Review of Literature

3 Articles 1-20

4 Book Review

5 Research Gap

6 Tabular representation

7 References
Social entreprenurship

The term “social entrepreneurship” has gained greater popularity and visibility since the late
1990‟s as the focus on sustainability of “mother earth and humankind” have become
increasingly more important. The popularity of social entrepreneurship is growing considerably
with increased attention in mass media, academic fields, government, charities and corporations
in an effort to better understand the concept (Nicholls 2009).

Social entrepreneurs are increasingly realising the opportunity in addressing the social problem,
thus bringing change. They shift the responsibility away from the public sector; both
governments and non-governmental organisations to the private sector; businesses and
individuals. The entrepreneur is incentivized to generate more profits and as more profit is made,
more social problems are alleviated (Thompson 2002).

Business schools have established dedicated research centres and now offer courses on social
entrepreneurship. But despite this increase in popularity, the concept of social entrepreneurship
remains vague and not well understood and not fully recognised owing to the lack of theory. This
is surprising as social entrepreneurship is often considered by many as an important process
through which social change occurs (Peredo et.al. 2006; Seelos et.al. 2005).

It is also been argued that social entrepreneurship is a complex concept involving many sub
concepts and hence can be called as a “cluster concept”. It represents the combined quality of
five sub-concepts, “social value creation, the social entrepreneur, the SE organization, market
orientation, and social innovation” (Choi et.al. 2014:372). The above definitions confirm that
social entrepreneurs bring large scale transformations and the reason behind social progress,
while working hard to replace short term charity with sustainable solutions. After examining the
diverse definitions, it can be concluded that the term social entrepreneurship denotes the
following components:

 Social enterprises have social impact as their primary objectives and profit making as their
secondary objective

 Social entrepreneurs are driven by altruistic motives

 Their services and products are mainly benefit the people at the bottom of the pyramid

 They tackle a variety of social issues like, poverty, illiteracy, ill health etc by applying
business practices.

For the purpose of this study, social entrepreneurship is defined as:

‘Social enterprises are businesses with primarily social objectives whose surpluses are
principally reinvested for that purpose in the business or in the community, rather than being
driven by the need to maximise profit for shareholders and owners’.

They tackle a wide range of social and environmental issues and operate in all parts of the
economy, and use business solutions to achieve public good. However, all the definitions above
are based on a few case studies or conceptual understanding of the phenomenon. None of them
were based on empirical research with adequate samples. Hence, one of the research objectives
of this study is to redefine social entrepreneurship based on practitioners’ perspective.
Review of Literature
A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge
including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a
particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources and as such, do not report any new or
original experimental work. Also, a literature review can be interpreted as a review of an
abstract accomplishment.

In essence, a literature review identifies, evaluates and synthesises the relevant literature
within a particular field of research. It illuminates how knowledge has evolved within the field,
highlighting what has already been done, what is generally accepted, what is emerging and
what is the current state of thinking on the topic. In addition, within research-based texts such
as a Doctoral thesis, a literature review identifies a research gap (i.e. unexplored or under-
researched areas) and articulates how a particular research project addresses this gap.

A literature review functions as a tool to:

 Provide a background to our work by summarising the previously published work.

 Classify the research into different categories and demonstrate how the research in a
particular area has changed over time by indicating historical background (early
research findings in an area) as well as explaining recent developments in an area.
 It classifies areas of controversy and agreement between experts in the area as well as
identifies dominant views.
 Evaluate the previous research and identify gaps (i.e. unexplored areas).
 Helps in justification of our research by indicating how it is different from other works in
the same area.

1. Literature collection and boundary identification:

 Database used, Google scholar for searching articles;
 Paper published only in peer-reviewed academic journals are considered;
 Paper were collected for last 20 years ; and
 Paper with full text available is considered.
2. Description and Classification of Literature:
 Analysis by year of publication
 Analysis by research methods :
Empirical
Conceptual
Survey
  Analysis by Journal of Publications
 Analysis by Status :
National
International

Why do it? The purpose of the literature review remains the same regardless of the research
method used. It tests the research question against what already is known about the subject.

Through the literature review research will discover whether the research question already has
been answered by someone else. If it has, the researcher must change or modify the question.

Reviewed Articles

Research Articles by year of publication:

Year No. of Research Paper

2000-2005
2006-2010
2011-2015
2016-2018

Research article by research methods:

Topic No. of Related articles

Empirical
Conceptual
Survey
Research article by Journal of Publication:

S.NO Journal of Publication

International Research Journal of Engineering
1 and Technology(IRJET)

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Research article by Status:

National International

.
ARTICLE 1:

Tripda Rawal (2018).A study of Social

Entrepreneurship in India. International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET)
 The study was conducted to understand social entrepreneurship with its basic framework,
roles and responsibilities in Indian society and its overall contribution.

 For this descriptive work of data collection have been done, including reports of various
industrial agencies like CII, ASSOCHEM, and FICCI, published reports from govt. bodies, web
resources,etc.

 Study highlights the contributions made by the social enterprises in India. It focuses on
deprived sections of society and sees social benefits primary and profits secondary. It
addresses social problems by capitalizing the local resources and applying entrepreneurial
principles and leads to social innovation. It works towards bottom of the pyramid and
generates employment.

 The study also highlights the challenges faced by social entrepreneurship in India like it is
confused with social work, lack of financial resources and creativity regarding thinking graet
ideas, shortage of talented workforce due to its relativity to social benefits rather than
personal benefits, lack of planning and appropiate structure,etc

CONCLUSIONS –

 Measures to face challenges include, proper training and development institutions, inclusion
of social entrepreneurship in course syllabus, creating mass awareness, providing
infrastructure, social entrepreneurship development programs, funding to social
entrepreneurs, govt. projects should be given to social entrepreneurs and awards and public
felicitation.

 Social Entrepreneurship is the best combination of social service and entrepreneurial skills to
look for social problems.
ARTICLE 2:

ARTICLE 3:

ARTICLE 4:

ARTICLE 5:

ARTICLE 6:

ARTICLE 7:
 Book Review

Book Name: Handbook of Research Methods on Social Entrepreneurship

Authors: Richard Seymour, Seymour, Richard G. (Richard Gregory)

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Publication Year: 2012

eISBN: 978 1 78100 105 9

Contents:

Introduction

In this book ‘social entrepreneurship’ has in the past proved

problematic, and debate continues concerning what it does and
does not entail and encompass. This unique book frames the
debates surrounding the phenomenon and argues that many of the
difficulties relating to the study of social entrepreneurship are
rooted in methodological issues. Highlighting these issues, the
book sets out ideas and implications for researchers using
alternative methodologies.

Contributors expertly present practical guides for researchers,

setting out appropriate strategies and methods that can be adopted
to explore and understand social entrepreneurship. Chapters deal
with research strategies such as storytelling, action research and
the case study, as well as the methods appropriate for
understanding discourse, large data sets, and networks. The book
also explores some challenges for researchers, and will be of
particular interest to early career researchers or researchers first
approaching the field.

PART I: CURIOSITY
1. Understanding the Social in Social Entrepreneurship
2. Researching Social Entrepreneurship

PART II: POSTURE

3. Listening to Narratives

4. Participating in Research

5. Bounding Research Settings

PART III: GATHERING

6. Discourse Analysis

7. Social Network Analysis

8. Surveys and Data Sets

9. Drawing and Verifying Conclusions

PART IV: VOICE

10. The Challenge for Researchers
RESEARCH GAP
Many studies in entrepreneurship have intended to assume that entrepreneurs think and act
similarly irrespective of their nature, location and industry /sector of operations. . That means
there is little significant diversity and institutional contexts of how different entrepreneurs
operate (Bruton et.al. 2008). An empirical study to understand the social and commercial
entrepreneurs and their thought processes would be one such step in this direction. The extant of
social entrepreneurship research has primarily based on case studies or anecdotal evidence to
explore the phenomena of social venture creation (Mair & Marti, 2006) and systematic data
collection efforts are lacking. This trend is mainly due to the inherent difficulty and lack of
widely accepted process or means to assess the value created by these social ventures (Dees
1998a). Standardized and widely accepted measures of social value creation are still in the
developmental stages as many organizations and investors attempt to quantify the triple bottom
line benefit or blended values of social ventures create for society
TABULAR PRESENATION

Sr. Author(s) Year Title of Source Research Observations

No. Paper Methodology

INTERNATIONAL PAPERS
Sr. Author(s) Year Title of Source Research Observations
No. Paper Methodology

NATIONAL PAPERS
1

3
4

6
7

10
REFRENCES
Tripda Rawal (2018).A study of Social Entrepreneurship
in India. International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology(IRJET)