A free vibration of the mechanical system shown in Figure 7-53(a) indicates that the amplitude of

vibration decreases to 25% of the value at t= after four consecutive cycles of motion, as Figure
7-53(b) shows. Determine the viscous friction coefficient b fo the system if m = 1kg and k = 500
N/m.

Logarithmic decrement = ln = ln

Thus

ln

Or

( )=4

Solving for ξ
By substituting n = 4 and =4 into this last equation, we obtain

= = = 0.055

Nothing that

= and 2 =b/m, we find

= =22.36 rad/s

b= 2 m=2x0.055x22.36x1 = 2.46 N-s/m

A mass of 20 kg is supported by a spring and damper as shown in Figure 7 – 54 (a). When a mass of
2 kg is added to the 20 kg mass, the system vibrates as shown in Figure 7 – 54(b). Determine the
spring constant k and the viscous friction coefficient b. [Note that (0.002/0.08) x 100 =25%
máximum overshoot corresponds to ξ= 0.4.]

The
system equation is

(m+2) +b +kx =p

Substituting the given numerical values m = 20kg and p = 2g = 2 x 9.81 N into this last equation, we
obtain

22 +b +kx =2x9.81

At steady state

k =2x9.81

From Figure 6-48(b), =0.08 m. Thus

= =0.08

Solving for k, we obtain

K= = 245 N/m
 Since

= = 3.34 rad/s

2 =

We obtain

b=2

However, if the car decelerates rapidly in a collision or sudden stop, the pendulum is subjected to
an impulsive torque. Such an impulsive torque causes the pendulum to swing forward and causes
the bar to engage the ratchet, locking the reel and safety belt. Thus the passenger is restrained in
place.
Referring to Figure 7-60, assume that the car is moving at the speed of 10 m/s before a sudden
stop. Stopping time Δt is 1s. The pendulum length is 0.05m. Find the time to needed for the
pendulum to swing forward by 20°.

The momento of ineria of the mendulum about the pivot is J=m . The angle of rotation of the
pendulum is Ɵ rad. Define the forcé that acts on the pendulum at the time of sudden stop as F(t).

Then, the torque that acts on the pendulum due to the forcé F(t) is F(t)l cos Ɵ. The equation for
the pendulum system can be given by

m = F(t)lcos Ɵ - mglsen Ɵ

We shall linearize this nonlinear equation by assuimng angle Ɵ is small. (Although Ɵ = 20° is not
quite small, the resulting linearized equation will gibe an approximate solution.) Bye approximatin
cos Ɵ=1 and sen Ɵ=0, Equation (1) can be written as

m Ɵ

ml +mg Ɵ=F(t)

F(t)= m

ml +mg Ɵ = 33.3 m
 + Ɵ=

l= 0.05m

+196.2= 666

Taking Laplace transforms of both sides of this last equation, we obtain

( ) Ɵ(S) = 666( )

Ɵ(S)=- (1- )

=( ) (1- )

The inverse Laplace transfor of Ɵ(S) gives

Ɵ(t) = 3.394(1-cos14t) -3.394{ - [cos14t ) ]}

t= , Ɵ=20°=0.3491 rad.

0.9491 =3.394(1-cos14
Consider the pendulum system shown in Figure 7-62. Determine the natural frequencies and
modes of vibrations.

=- -k ( - )

=- -k ( )

+ +k =k

+ +k =k
 sen

sen

Sen

Sen

A–

- A+ B=0

For constats A and B to nonzero, the determinant of the coefficients of Equations, must be equal to
zero, or

=0

This determinant equation determines the natural frequencies of the system. Equation ca be
rewritten as

- =0

+( ) =0
 ( )( )=0

= , =

The first natural frequency is (first mode) and second natural frequency is (second
mode).

At the first natural frequency =

=1