Exercise 3 (12/10/18)

a) A 3m-long quarter circular gate of radius 2m is located in the side of the reservoir containing
water as shown in Figure 1. Determine the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components
of the force of the water on the gate? Ignore the atmospheric pressure. Will this force pass
through point A? Explain.

Figure 1: Side view of a water reservoir

yC  hC  s  b / 2  6  4 / 2  8 m
FH  ghC A  981084  2  627480 N
  42 
FV  Wfluid abovethe submerge surface  mg  g  9810 6  4    2  717432 N
 4 
FR  FH2  FV2  953121 N

2. Determine force, F (minimum) required to close the door which hinged at B in figure 2.
Neglect the door weight, door width = 3m

2m
hinge

5m

45º

5m

Figure 2

yC  s  b / 2  2 / sin 45º (5 / 2) / sin 45º  6.364 m

hC  2  5 / 2 @ 6.364 sin 45º  4.5 m, FR  ghC A  98104.55 / sin 45º3  936457 N
 35 / sin 45º  / 12
3
ab3 / 12
y p  yC   4.5 / sin 45º   7.0187 m
yC A 4.5 / sin 45º 5 / sin 45º3
Moment due to external force act on door = Moment due to hydrostatic force act on door
936457( y p  2 / sin 45º )
F (5 / sin 45º )  FR ( y p  2 / sin 45º )  F   554937 N
(5 / sin 45º )

3. Determine oil density to keep the door below from moving to either side as shown in figure
3. (width =2.5 m)

2m oil

3m

water

6m

Q3

hC , water  yC , water  3  6 / 2  6 m, hC , oil  yC , oil  5  6 / 2  8 m

y p, w  yc, w  (ab3 /12)  ( yc, water A)  6  (2.5  63 /12)  6(6  2.5)  6.5 m
y p,oil  yc, oil  (ab3 /12)  ( yc,oil A)  8  (2.5  63 / 12)  8(6  2.5)  8.375 m

Moment due to water force act on door = Moment due to oil force act on door
FR , water ( y p , water  3)  FR , oil ( y p , oil  5)
 water ghc ,water A( y p ,water  3)   oilghc ,oil A( y p ,oil  5)
 water ghc ,water A( y p ,water  3)  water hc ,water ( y p ,water  3) 1000(6)(6.5  3)
 oil    = 777.78 kg/m3
ghc ,oil A( y p ,oil  5) hc ,oil ( y p ,oil  5) 8(8.375  5)
 4. In a water reservoir at steady condition, consist 2 inlets and 3 outlets using the same pipe
size. Determine the volume flowrate at outlet 3 if inlet 1, inlet 2, outlet 1, outlet 2 are
35m3/min, 2000liter/s , 2.52×106 kg/hr, 800,000 cm3/s

m in,1  m in, 2  m in,1  Vin  m in /( in Ain )

     
in,1 in, 2   out,1   out , 2   out , 3


    
out , 3  in,1  in, 2   out ,1   out, 2

m 3 1min l 1m 3 kg 1hr 1m 3 cm 3 1m 3
 35   2000   2.52 10 6    8 105 
min 60 sec sec 1000l hr 3600 sec 1000kg sec 100000m
= 7/12+ 2- 0.7 - 0.8 = 1.083 m3/s

5. Oil, SG 0.8, flow inside a cubical reservoir with 1.603 m³/min at section 1. At the same time,
the oil exit at section 2 with velocity of 60 cm/s and at section 3. The oil inside the reservoir
is actually increasing its level, h at 20 mm/s. The reservoir dimension is 1m x 1m x 1m.
Determine the velocity and mass flowrate at section 3. If the system is at steady state which
the water level is remain unchanged ( h  0 ), determine mass flowrate at section 3.

Q1 = 1.603 m³/min 2 V2 = 60cm/s

= 20mm/s

d2 = 60 mm
Oil, SG 0.8

Q5 3 d3 = 80 mm
V3 = ?

dmCV
 m   m
in out
dt

d
  in    out  dtCV
 
     Ah
1 2 3

  A V  A V  A h
1 2 2 3 3 CV

   D2  V  A h 1.603 / 60   0.06 (0.6)  (11)(0.02)

2 2
1 2 CV
V3  4  4 = 1 m/s
 D3 2
 0.082
4 4

 D3 2  0.082
  A3V3  
m V3  800 (1)  4.021 kg/s
4 4
 m   m
in out 0
    
in out 0
 
    0
1 2 3
  AV  AV  0
1 2 2 3 3

   D2  V 1.603 / 60   0.06 (0.6)

2 2
 1 2
V3  4  4 = 4.98 m/s
 D3 2
 0.082
4 4
 D3 2
 0.082
m  A3V3   V3  800 (4.98)  20.03 kg/s
4 4

6. A water distributor channelling water from inlet 1 to three outlet, 2, 3 and 4. The area of
outlet 2 is 1.5 times of outlet 3 and a quarter of outlet 4. If the inlet area is twice the size of
outlet 4 and velocity at outlet 2, 3 and 4 is 2m/s, 0.7 m/s and 0.9 m/s, determine the inlet
velocity.

1 2

Q6 4

 
   
 0  A1V1  A2V2  A3V3  A4V4  0
1 2 3 4

A2  1.5 A3 , A2  0.25 A4 , A1  2 A4 ,
0.25 A4  1.5 A3  A3  1 / 6 A4
2 A4V1  0.25 A4V2  1 / 6 A4V3  A4V4  0
2V1  0.25V2  1/ 6V3  V4  0
V1  0.25(2)  (1/ 6)(0.7)  (0.9)/ 2  0.76 m/s

7. Olive oil, SG 0.85 flow inside an upper section pipe of 12cm diameter with average velocity
of 3.5 m/s. Then, the oil flows downward into a smaller pipe at the lower section. The
diameter of the lower section pipe is one third of the upper section pipe. The elevation
difference between the pipe sections is 13m. Determine pressure difference between the lower
section pipe and the upper section pipe. Neglect any losses and sketch the pipe diagram.

Pup Vup2 2
Plow Vlow
  zup    zlow
g 2g g 2 g
 2
 d up
2
/ 4  Vup   d up  2
4
   V
2   d 2
/ 4  Pup Plow  d low  up Vup2
 h  low    0
Pup Vup P
     h
low

g 2 g g 2g g g 2g 2g

Pup  Plow  g 

Vup2 d up d low 4  1 
  (3.5) 2 0.12 0.044  1
 h  850(9.81) 
 
 13  308.1kPa

 2g   2(9.81) 

8. Determine the velocity of incompressible air flow at 15 cm section (density = 1.2 kg/m3)
through a smooth pipe reduction from 15 cm to 5 cm and the water manometer gives 0.5 m
measurement.

Air 1
15cm 2 5cm
x

0.5m
Q8 A B
Water

P1 V12 P V2 P1 V12 P V2
  z1  2  2  z 2   0 2  2 0
 air g 2g  air g 2 g  air g 2g  air g 2 g
2 2
 A1V1   d12 / 4  V1 
   V1    V12
 
2

P1  P2 V2  V1

2 2
 2 
A

d 2 / 4 
2
d / d 4  1 V12
 1 2
 air g 2g 2g 2g 2g
Manometer analysis,
PA  P1   air gx   air gh, PB  P2   air gx   w gh
PA  PB , Thus,
P1   air gx   air gh  P2   air gx   w gh  P1  P2   w gh   air gh  (  w   air ) gh
Continue previous

 

P1  P2 (  w   air ) gh d1 / d 2   1 V12
4

 air g  air g 2g

2 g (  w   air )h 2(9.81)(1000  1.2)(0.5)

V1    10.1 m/s
 
 air d1 / d 2   1
4

1.2 0.15 / 0.05  1
4

 9. Determine the velocity of oil flow at 20 cm section (density = 850 kg/m3) flow through a
smooth pipe reduction from 20 cm to 4 cm and the water manometer gives 1.9 m
measurement.

Q9 4cm

x2 = 3m

x1 =1.1m
20cm

1.9m
Oil Water
A B

oilV12 oilV22 oilV12 oilV22

P1   oil gz1  P2   oil gz2  P1   0  P2   oil gx2
2 2 2 2
  d 2 / 4  V 2 
  1 2   V12 
   
1
 V22  V12    d 2 / 4    d1 / d 2 4  1 V12 
P1  P2  oil   gx2   oil   gx2   oil   gx2 
 2  
2
  2 
 

Manometer analysis,
PA  P1  oil g ( x1 )  oil g (h), PB  P2  oil g ( x1  x2 )   w g (h)
PA  PB , Thus,
P1  oil g ( x1 )  oil g (h)  P2  oil g ( x1  x2 )   w g (h)
P1  P2  (  w  oil ) gh  oil gx2

Continue previous

P1  P2  (  w  oil ) gh  oil gx2 


oil d1 / d 2 4  1 V12   oil gx2
2

(  w  oil ) gh  oil gx2 


oil d1 / d 2 4  1 V12   oil gx2
2

(  w   oil ) gh 

oil d1 / d 2 4  1 V12 
2
2 g ( w  oil )h 2(9.81)(1000  850)(1.9)
V1    0.102 m/s

oil d1 / d 2   1
4
 850 0.2 / 0.04  1
4
 
 10. Determine the manometer height if air flowrate enter with 19 liter/s at 10 cm section (density
= 1.2 kg/m3) through a smooth pipe reduction from 10 cm to 5 cm and pitot tube is located at
the 5 cm section.

Air 10cm 5cm

Water h
Q10
A B

P1 V12 P V2 P1 V12 P 0
  z1  2  2  z2   0 2  0
air g 2g air g 2 g air g 2g  air g 2 g
P1  P2 0  V12  V12
 
air g 2g 2g
Manometer analysis,
PA  P1   air gx   w gh, PB  P2   air gx   air gh
PA  PB , Thus,
P1   air gx   w gh  P2   air gx   air gh  P1  P2   air gh   w gh  (  air   w ) gh
Continue previous

P1  P2 ( air   w ) gh  4
 

 (d 2 ) 2
1 
air g air g 2g

 4  2
 2 
h
 air  d1   1.2 
4(19 / 1000)  (0.1) 2  
2

= 0.00036 m
(  w   air ) 2 g (1000  1.2) 2(9.81)