THE NANO WORLD  Scaled-up, reliable, and cost effective
manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures,
NANOSCALE - an important inter-discipline generated
by advance science and technology
Research and application of knowledge on nano
materials continue to bring widespread implications in
various areas of society - health care, environment,
energy, food, water and agriculture
NANOTECHNOLOGY - science, engineering, and
technology conducted at the nanoscale
The term 'nanotechnology' was used during the
American term, by Professor Norio Taniguchi's
A NANO METER is a billionth of a meter.
HOW TO VIEW NANOMATERIALS
1. Electron Microscope
German Engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll
 Utilizes a particle beam of electrons to light up a
specimen and develop a well-magnified image.
1. Scanning Electron Microscope
2. Transmission Electron Microscope
2. Atomic Force Microscope
Gerd Binig, Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber
 Makes use of a mechanical probe that gathers
information from the surface of a material.
3. Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Gerd Binig and Heinrich Rohrer
 Enables scientists to view and manipulate
nanoscale particles, atoms and small molecules.
DISTINCT FEATURES OF NANOSCALE
1. Scale at which much Biology occurs
DNA – Serves as the genetic material of the cell and is
only about 2 nanometers in diameter.
Hemoglobin – Transports oxygen to the tissues
throughout the body and is 5.5 nanometers in diameter.
Bio – barcode Assay – fairly inexpensive approach for
identification of specific disease markets in the blood
despite their small number in a particular specimen.
2. Scale at which quantum effects dominate
properties of materials
Particles with dimensions of 1-100 nanometers – Have
properties that are significantly discrete from particles of
bigger dimensions.
Quantum effects – Direct the behavior and properties in
size scale.
Nanoscale Gold – Particles are selectively build up in
tumors, where they permit both precise imaging and
targeted laser destruction of the tumor.
3. Nanoscale materials have far larger
surface areas than similar masses of
larger-scale materials.
NANOMANUFACTURING
devices, and systems.
 Research, improvements, and incorporation for
processes for the construction of materials
2 FUNDAMENTAL APPROACHES:
1. BOTTOM-UP FABRICATION- manufactures
products by building them up from atomic and molecular
scale components.
2. TOP-DOWN FABRICATION- trims down large
pieces of materials into nanoscale
NEW APPROACHES TO THE ASSEMBLY OF
NANOMATERIALS
1. Dip Pen Lithography- the tip of an atomic force
microscope is “dipped” into a chemical fluid and
then utilized to “write” on a surface
2. Self-Assembly- It depicts an approach wherein a
set of components join together to mold an
organized structure in the absence of an outside
direction.
3. Chemical Vapor Deposition- a procedure
wherein chemical act in response to form very
pure, high-performance films
4. Nanoimprint Lithography- a method of
generation nanoscale attributes by "stamping" or
"printing" them onto surface.
5. Molecular Beam Epitaxy- one manner for
depositing extremely controlled thin films.
6. Roll-to-roll Processing- a high volume practice
for constructing nanoscale devices in a roll
ultrathin plastic or metal.
7. Atomic Layer Epitaxy- a means for laying down
one-atom-thick layers on a surface.
BENEFITS AND CONCERNS OF USING
NANOTECHNOLOGY
CONCERNS OF USING NANOTECHNOLOGY
1. Nanotechnology is not a single technology; it
can be pervasive.
2. Nanotechnology seeks to develop new materials
with specific property.
3. Nanotechnology may introduce new efficiencies
and paradigms, making some natural resources
and current practices uncompetitive or obsolete.
4. It may be complicated to detect its presence
unless one has the specialist tools of
nanotechnology.
ENVIRONMENT
Benefits
• Improved detection and removal of
contaminants
• Development of benign industrial processes and
materials
Concerns
• High reactivity and toxicity
• Pervasive distribution in the environment
 • No nano-specific EPA regulation
HEALTH
Benefits
• Improved medicine
Concerns
• Ability to cross cell membranes and translocate
in the body
• No FDA approval needed for cosmetics or
supplements
ECONOMY
Benefits
• Better products
• New Jobs
Concerns
• Redistribution of wealth
• Potential cost of cleanups and healthcare
• Accessibility to all income levels
SOCIAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
CONDUCTING RESEARCH ON
NANOTECHNOLOGY
1. Who will benefit from it? Who won’t?
2. For whom and what are your objectives for
developing your product?
3. How will it affect social, economic, and political
relationships?
4. What problem is your “product” trying to solve?
5. Who will have access to it? Who will be
excluded?
6. Are there dangers involved with its
development? (e.g., safety, health pollution)
How can you minimize them?
7. Who will own it? How can you assure access to
it?
GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Malaysia Nanotechnology Association (MNA)
Registered as a non-profit association on September
2009.
 Seeks to develop nanotechnology for sustainable
benefit of science, technology, industry and the
economy. Registered as a non-profit association
on September 2009.
JAPAN- Nanotechnology Research Institute, under the
National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology (AIST)
 was established on April 1, 2015 with the
mission of substantial contribution to the
industrial application of nanomaterials
CHINA- National Center for Nanoscience and
Technology (NCNST)
 Government initiated research institute with an
emphasis on nanoscience and nanotechnology
Thailand: National Nanotechnology Center
(NANOTEC)
 The leading agency on nanotechnology
development in Thailand.
1. Nano-Life and Health Research Unit:
Research and development goal is to enhance human and
animal health
2. Nanomaterials and Nanosystems
Engineering Research Unit:
Achieve improved design, and utilization of
nanomaterials and nanosystems for energy and
environment.
3. Nano-Agriculture and Environment
Research Unit:
Research and development on innovative food,
agriculture and environment with the application of
nanotechnology to modify materials, structures and
promote environmental sustainability.
4. Functional Nanomaterials and
Nanofrontier Research Unit:
Research and development on molecular engineering of
responsive materials.
5. Nanometrology and Characterizations
and Engineering Unit:
Research and development in the field of
nanometrology, nano-safety, nanoscale testing services,
including nano-characterization of nano product
properties, and engineering prototype development.
Korea National Nanotechnology Initiative
 Main goal is to stand against the top 3 countries
European Nanoelecronics Initiative Advisory Council
 a public-private partnership that targets
nanoelectronics.
Three major government funding agency in India
 Department of Science and Technology
(DST)
 Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research (DSIR)
 Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
US GOVERNMENT
 NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY
INITIATIVE (NNI)
 US government research and development that
aims for a future in which the ability to
understand and control matter at the nanoscale
leads to a revolution in technology and industry
that benefits society.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF NNI
• ELECTRONICS – Made our devices even
smaller and faster
• ENERGY - improved our traditional fuel
sources and making renewable energy sources
more practical.
 • HEALTH – diagnosed diseases far earlier and
target treatments, increasing the chances for a
healthy, long life
• MANUFACTURING - manufacturing concerns
such as scalability, reliability, and cost-
effectiveness are being addressed for
nanotechnology-enabled goods.
• MATERIALS – became lighter, stronger, and
more damage-tolerant than traditional materials,
as well as materials that are flexible and smart
• TOOLS AND TRAINING - resources scientists
need for nanotechnology research and the many
programs designed to prepare people for jobs in
nanotechnology-related fields.
3. Nanometrology for ICT and semiconductor
(nanomaterials and devices with a high degree of
accuracy and reliability)
• Fully operational metrology and FA and
materials testing laboratory
4. Nanostructured Solar Energy Devices and Storage
(Solar panels)
• National Solar Cell R&D Testing Facility, new
design and new methodologies for energy
storage devices, and scaling up processes of
nanostructured solar and energy storage devices.
NANOCLAY- Commercial name for organoclay used
in nanocomposites

Taiwan National Science and Technology Program for PHILIPPINE ATOVI TECHNOLOGY
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology  Atovi is a Filipino developed product based on
Education Program: nanotechnology on the level of e-potentials. It is
a feed premix powder made from vitamins and
• Establish interdisciplinary nanoscience & minerals.
technology curricula  It can absorb and utilize all medication,
nutritional inputs, antibiotics, and leaving no
• Enhance basic science knowledge (from high
residues on the cellular level.
school)
 The technology can be administered to
• Promote international collaboration and practically all animals, plants & crops,
personnel exchange aquaculture species & bacteria.
• Recruit talents from abroad including personnel
from mainland China
• Promote academic-industry collaborating
research and personnel exchange
National Research Council of Canada Nanotechnology
Research Centre
• Tungsten Needle- Used for article manipulation,
embryos and glass blowing
Australian Office of Nanotechnology
• Dedicated to substantially enhancing Australia's
research outcomes in this important field
Possible Application of Nanotechnology in the
Philippines
• ICT and Semi-conductors
• Health and medicine
• Energy
• Food and Agriculture
• Environment

The Philippines’ 5-year Nanotechnology Roadmap

FOUR MAJOR PROGRAMS
1. Nano-based technologies and materials
• Nano-based technologies/materials for
Environment: Water and Waste Water
Purification, & Nano-based Engineering /
Industrial materials
2. Nanosensors and Nanodiagnostics
• Food (detection of contaminants) , Agriculture
and Forestry (detection of diseases), and health
(Filipino ethnicity-based nanodiagnostics)