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Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Find the electrostatic potential energy of the system shown in the figure.
–q
60° 60°
+q +q
a
Kq 2 3Kq 2
(1) (2)
a a
Kq 2 2Kq 2
(3) (4)
a a
Sol. Answer (3)
kq (– q ) k (q )(– q ) k (q )(q )
U=
a a a
2. Two charges q and –q are placed at (a, 0) and (–a, 0) on the x-axis. Another charge 2q is taken from (0, 0) to
(0, a), then the work done to do so
q
(1) (2) Zero
2 0 a
q
(3) Infinite (4)
4 0 a
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120 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
3. In moving a unit positively charged body from point A to point B, external work done is 40 J and body acquires
a kinetic energy of 20 J. The potential difference, VB – VA, is
(1) 20 V (2) –20 V
(3) 40 V (4) –40 V
Sol. Answer (1)
U = W – K = 40 – 20 = 20 J
U 20
V 20 V
q 1
4. A charge of 5 nC is uniformly distributed on a ring of radius 4 cm. Find the potential at the axis at a distance of 3
cm from the centre.
(1) 0.09 V (2) 600 V
(3) 900 V (4) 300 V
Sol. Answer (3)
Kq
V=
r x2
2
+ + + – –– +q
++ –
––
++
a a
A B
(1) (2) O
R R
+2q –3q
O a
(AB is circular arc)
+Q +Q –6Q
+2Q
O +Q
a O 2R
(3) (4) R
3R
+2Q –2Q
a
kQ kQ 2kQ –2kQ
In case 3, V 0
a a a a
2 2 2 2
6. In any region, if electric field is define as E (iˆ 2 ˆj kˆ ) V/m , then the potential difference between two points
A(0, 0, 0) and B(2, 3, 4) in that region, is
(1) 6 V (2) 12 V (3) 8 V (4) 9 V
Sol. Answer (2)
V = – E r ⇒ VB – VA E rA – rB
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 121
7. If the potential function is define as
V = (–3x + 4y + 12z) V,
– V – V – V
Ex = 3; E y –4; Ez –12 E = 13 V/m
x y z
10
r (m)
O 2 4 6
(1) 3.5 V/m (2)
100
(3) V/m (4) Zero
35
Sol. Answer (4)
E = –dV/dr. |E| = slope = 0
9. If the given figure shows equipotential surfaces, then the magnitude of electric field is
80 V
60 V
40 V
20 V
30°
10 cm
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122 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
10. A uniform electric field of 200 V/m is directed at 45° with x-axis as shown in figure. The co-ordinates of point P
and point Q are (1, 0) and (0, 2). Find the potential difference, VP – VQ (in volts).
y (m)
Q
45°
P x (m)
200 200
(1) (2) 200 2 (3) (4) – 200 2
2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
200
E
2
iˆ jˆ
rPQ rP – rQ iˆ – 2 jˆ
200
VP – VQ – E.rPQ volt
2
11. There are two concentric conducting shells. The potential of outer shell is 10 V and that of inner shell is 15
V. If the outer shell is grounded, the potential of inner shell becomes/remains
(1) 25 V (2) 15 V
(3) 10 V (4) 5 V
Sol. Answer (4)
Potential difference is only due to charge on inner shell. So potential difference between the two shells
remains unchanged.
V – 0 = 15 – 10
V = 5 volt
12. There are two concentric hollow conducting spherical shells of radii r and R (R > r). The charge on the outer
shell is Q. What charge should be given to the inner shell, so that the potential at a point P, at a distance
2R from the common centre, is zero?
Qr QR
(1) (2)
R r
2QR
(3) (4) –Q
r
Sol. Answer (4) +Q
Since P is outside, both spheres behave like point charges located at O. q
(Common centre) O r
For zero potential at P, 2R
R
P
K Q q
V 0
2R
q=–Q
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 123
13. The graph between the surface charge density and radius of curvature for an isolated conductor at constant
potential is
(1) Straight line with positive slope
(2) Parabola
(3) Rectangular hyperbola
(4) Straight line negative slope
Sol. Answer (3)
1
(Rectangular hyperbola)
r
15. A air filled parallel plate capacitor having circular plates of diameter D is given a charge Q. The magnitude of the
force acting between plates is
Q2 Q2 Q2 2Q 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 0 2D 2 0 D 2 0 0 D 2
Sol. Answer (4)
F = Q2/2A0, A = D2/4
16. Air filled capacitor is charged by a battery and after charging battery is removed. A slab of dielectric material is
inserted in it to fill the space completely. The electric field in the capacitor is
(1) Increased (2) Decreased
Q 1
E = V/d = =E
Cd C
17. If the area of each plate is A and the separation between them is d, then find the equivalent capacitance between
P and Q
A
A d
P A d Q
A d
0 A 2 0 A 0 A 3 0 A
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3d d d d
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124 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
56
3 0 A
Ceq =3C =
d
4 F
4 F 4 F
B
Or x = 2 20 F B
2 F 5 F
A B
4 F
5 F 2 F
7 12
(1) F (2) 4 F (3) F (4) 3.2 F
12 7
Sol. Answer (4)
2F
Q1+ – Q4 5F
By Nodal analysis x + –
Q1 = 2(V – x); Q2 = 5(V – y)
Q3+
Q3 = (x – y) × 4; Q4 = (x – 0)5; Q5 = (y – 0) × 2 A 4F B
V – (0V)
Now, Q1 = Q3 + Q4; Q2 + Q3 = Q5
Solve for Q1 and Q2.
+ – y + –
Q1 Q2 5F Q2 2F Q5
Now, Ceq =
V
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 125
20. Find the potential of point P
30 V
C
P
C C
10 V 20 V
(1) 15 V (2) 60 V
(3) 10 V (4) 20 V
Sol. Answer (4)
C 30 C 20 C 10
V= 20 V
C C C
21. In the circuit shown, the charges on the capacitors A and B are respectively
A B
2C
C C
V
CV CV CV CV
(1) CV, CV (2) , (3) CV , (4) , CV
2 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
Applying Kirchhoff’s loop law,
2q q
V B –2q
2C C +q +q
C A 2C +2q C
CV –q –q
q
2 V
2q = CV
22. The ratio of energy stored by the series combination of two identical capacitors to their parallel combination,
when connected to same supply voltage, is
1
(1) 1 (2)
2
1
(3) 4 (4)
4
Sol. Answer (4)
Series :
C
Ceq
2
1 C 2
E . .V
2 2
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126 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
Parallel :
Ceq . = 2C
1 E 1
E .2C.V 2
2 E 4
23. A capacitor is charged until it stores an energy of 1 J. A second uncharged capacitor is connected to it, so
that charge distributes equally. The final energy stored in the second capacitor is
(1) 1 J (2) 0.5 J
(3) 0.25 J (4) 0.125 J
Sol. Answer (3)
1 C2 1
U . .V 2 CV 2
2 C C 2
1
∵ CV 2 1.0 J
2
U 0.5 J
Remaining 0.5 J distributes equally between two capacitors. That is, each capacitor has energy = 0.25 J
24. An arrangement of three large metallic parallel plates with respective charges marked in figure is shown. What
is the charge appearing on the left face of plate B?
Q1 Zero Q2
A B C
Q2 Q1
(1) Zero (2)
2
(3) – Q1 (4) +Q2
Sol. Answer (2)
As electric field intensity inside any metal plate is zero.
Q1 Q2
Q Q2
q1 1
2
q3
Q1 – Q2 q1 A q2 B C
q2 Q1 – q1
2
Q2 – Q1
q3 – q 2
2
25. An air filled parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 50 F is connected to a battery of 100 V. A slab of dielectric
constant 4 is inserted in it to fill the space completely. Find the extra charge flown through the battery till it attains
the steady state.
(1) 2.5 mC (2) 5 mC
(3) 20 mC (4) 15 mC
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 127
Sol. Answer (4)
Q = CV, Q = CV Q = CV – CV = (200 – 50) × 100 = 15000 mC = 15 mC
26. A parallel plate capacitor, with plate area A and plate separation d, is filled with a dielectric slab as shown.
What is the capacitance of the arrangement?
K d
d
2
A/2
K (K 3 ) 0 A 3 K 0 A
(1) (2)
2(K 1) d 4 d
4 K 0 A ⎛ K 1⎞ 0 A
(3) (4) ⎜ ⎟
3 d ⎝ 2 ⎠ d
V C 2C
3V V
(3) (4)
2K K 2
Sol. Answer (3)
Q1 + Q2 = CV + 2CV = 3CV
Q1 Q2 3CV 3V
V
2C kC C 2 k 2 K
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128 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
28. Air filled capacitor of capacitance 2 F is filled with three dielectric material of dielectric constants K1 = 4,
K2 = 4 and K3 = 6 as shown in the figure. The new capacitance of the capacitor is
d
K1 2
K3
d
K2
2
K1
K1
K3 ⇒ K3
K2
K2
A
k3 0 0 A
2 A
Ceq = , where 0 2 F
d /2 d d d
2k1 2k2
⎛ a⎞ ⎛ a⎞
29. Positive and negative point charges of equal magnitude are kept at ⎜ 0, 0, ⎟ and ⎜ 0, 0, ⎟ , respectively. The
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
work done by the electric field when another positive point charge is moved from (– a, 0, 0) to (0, a, 0) is
[IIT-JEE 2007]
(1) Positive
(2) Negative
(3) Zero
(4) Depends on the path connecting the initial and final positions
Sol. Answer (3)
Points A and B lies on equipotential surface.
q q 2q
30. Consider a system of three charges , and placed at points A, B and C, respectively, as shown
3 3 3
in the figure. Take O to be the centre of the circle of radius R and angle CAB = 60°. [IIT-JEE 2008]
q
(1) The electric field at point O is
2
directed along the negative x-axis y
80R
(2) The potential energy of the system is zero B
2
q C
(3) The magnitude of the force between the charges at C and B is
2
x
540 R O
60°
q A
(4) The potential at point O is
12 0 R
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 129
Sol. Answer (3)
Force between C and B is
1 ⎛ 2q ⎞ ⎛ q ⎞ 1 q2
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
4 0 3 3 (R 3 )2
54 0 R 2
31. Consider a thin spherical shell of radius R with its centre at the origin, carrying uniform positive surface charge
density. The variation of the magnitude of the electric field | E (r ) | and the electric potential V(r) with the
distance r from the centre, is best represented by whcih graph? [IIT-JEE 2012]
(1) (2)
0 r 0 r
R R
(3) (4)
0 r 0 r
R R
1
Inside, E(r) = 0, outside E (r )
r2
1
Inside V(r) = constant, outside V (r )
r
32. Consider a neutral conducting sphere. A positive point charge is placed outside the sphere. The net charge
on the sphere is then, [IIT-JEE 2007]
(1) Negative and distributed uniformly over the surface of the sphere
(2) Negative and appears only at the point on the sphere closest to the point charge
(3) Negative and distributed non-uniformly over the entire surface of the sphere
(4) Zero
Sol. Answer (4)
The sphere is initially neutral. So its net charge on induction will be zero.
33. Three concentric metallic spherical shells of radii R, 2R, 3R, are given charges Q1,Q2,Q3, respectively.; It is
found that the surface charge densities on the outer surfaces of the shells are equal. Then, the ratio of the
charges given to the shells, Q1 : Q2 : Q3, is [IIT-JEE 2009]
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130 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
Q1 : Q2 : Q3 = 1 : 3 : 5
34. A long, hollow conducting cylinder is kept coaxially inside another long, hollow conducting cylinder of larger
radius. Both the cylinders are initially electrically neutral. [IIT-JEE 2007]
(1) A potential difference appears between the two cylinders when a charge density is given to the inner cylinder
(2) A potential difference appears between the two cylinders when a charge density is given to the outer
cylinder
(3) No potential difference appears between the two cylinders when a uniform line charge is kept along the
axis of the cylinders
(4) No potential difference appears between the two cylinders when same charge density is given to both the
cylinders
Sol. Answer (1)
The potential difference between long, hollow concentric cylinders is independent of charge on outer cylinder.
35. A uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius R carries uniform surface charge density of per unit area.
It is made of two hemispherical shells, held together by pressing them with force F (see figure). F is proportional
to [IIT-JEE 2010]
F F
1 2 2 1 2
(1) R (2) R
0 0
1 2 1 2
(3) (4)
0 R 0 R 2
⎡ 1 q2 ⎤
[F ] ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎣ 4 0 r ⎦
⎡ 1 2 A2 ⎤
= ⎢ R2 ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦
⎡ 1 2 2⎤
= ⎢ R ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 131
36. A 2 F capacitor is charged as shown in the figure. The percentage of its stored energy dissipated after the
switch S is turned to position 2 is [IIT-JEE 2011]
1 2
S
V 2 F 8 F
1
U1 C1V 2
2
q = C1V
q C1V V
V
C1 C2 C1 C2 5
1 1
Uf (C1 C2 )V 2 C1V 2
2 10
U
100 80%
Ui
37. In the given circuit, a charge of +80 C is given to the upper plate of the 4 F capacitor. Then in the steady
state, the charge on the upper plate of the 3 F capacitor is [IIT-JEE 2012]
+80 C
4 F
2 F 3 F
Q
V 16 V
C
Now, q = CV = 48 C
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132 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one option is correct)
1. A non-conducting sphere has a total charge Q, uniformly distributed throughout its volume. The centre of the
sphere is at origin and its radius is R. Let U1 be the electrostatic potential energy in the region inside the
sphere and U2 be the electrostatic potential energy in another imaginary spherical shell, having inner radius
R and outer radius infinity, centred at origin. Select the correct alternative(s).
Q2 Q2 3 Q2 3Q 2
(1) U1 (2) U 2 (3) U1 U 2 (4) U1
80 R 80 R 5 40R 200R
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
Energy density in electric field,
1
U 0E 2
2
If r < R,
1 Qr
E
4 0 R 3 dr
r
Energy in the element shown in figure,
2 R
1 ⎛ 1 Qr ⎞ 1 Q2
dU1 0 . ⎜ . 3 ⎟ .(4r 2dr ) = . 6 .r 4 .dr
2 ⎝ 4 0 R ⎠ 80 R
1 Q2 R Q2
U1 . ∫ r 4 .dr =
8 0 R 6 r 0 40 0 R
1 Q
If r R, E . 2
4 0 r
2
1 ⎛ 1 Q⎞
Energy in the element, dU2 0 . ⎜ . 2 ⎟ 4r 2 .dr
2 ⎝ 4 0 r ⎠
Q2 1 Q2 ⎡ 1 1 ⎤ Q2
U2
8 0 ∫ R r 2
.dr ⎢ ⎥
8 0 ⎣ R ⎦ 8 0 R
Q2 ⎛ 1⎞ 3 Q2
U1 + U2 = ⎜ 1 ⎟
8 0 R ⎝ 5⎠ 5 4 0 R
2. A spherical shell is uniformly charged by a charge q. A point charge q0 is at its centre, then
R1 q0
R2
⎛ q⎞
q ⎜ q0 ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎛ 1 1⎞
(1) The work done by electric forces upon the expansion of shell from radius R1 to R2 is
40 ⎜⎝ R R ⎟⎠
1 2
(2) Electric energy of system will decreased upon expansion
(3) Electric energy of system will ramain same upon expansion of shell
(4) The electric field and energy changes is localised only in spherical region of inner radius R1 and outer
radius R2
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 133
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)
Field and energy will change only in spherical layer of inner radius r1 and outer radius R2
Let E1 and E2 are field intensities in the hatched region at a distance r from the centre of system before
and after expansion.
1 q q0 q0
E1 , E2
40 r 2 40r 2 R1
R1 R2 q
R2 0 2 q0
U i Uf ∫ (E1 E22 )4r 2dr q0
R1 2
⎧⎛ 2
⎛ q0 ⎞ ⎫⎪
2
0 R2 ⎪ q q0 ⎞
U i Uf ∫R ⎨⎜ 2⎟
⎜ 2⎟ ⎬
4r 2dr
2 ⎝ 4 r ⎠ ⎝ 4 r ⎠
⎩⎪ ⎭⎪
1
0 0
q q0 q / 2 ⎛ 1 1⎞
U i Uf ⎜⎝ R R ⎟⎠
4 0 1 2
2nd method q1
2
q qq0
Ui q0
2c 4 0R1
q2 qq0
Ui
8 0R1 4 0R1
q2 qq0
Uf
8 0R2 8 0R2
Welectric = Ui – Uf
q(q0 q / 2) ⎛ 1 1⎞
⎜⎝ R – R ⎟⎠
4 0 1 2
3. The field potential inside a charged ball of radius R and centre at O depends only on distance from its centre
as V(r) = r2 + when , are +ve constant. Now choose correct options
(2) Electric flux passing through an imaginary sphere of radius r centre at O will be –2r4
48
(4) Electric energy of charged ball will be 02R 5
5
V(r) = r2 +
v
Er 2r
r
= Er.4r2 = –8r3
for volume charge density
q
4r 3E
0
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134 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
dq
4d (r 2E )
0
dq = 4r2dr
4r 2dr
4 r 2dE 2rEdr 0
r 2
r 2 ( 2dr 2rEdr dr
0
r 2
2r 2dr 4r 2dr dr
0
r 2
6r 2dr dr
0
= – 60
For electric energy
1 1
(i) Inside u = 0E 2 = 0 4 2r 2
2 2
dV = 4r2dr, dU = 202r24r2dr
= 802r4dr
8 80 2 5
U 0 2R 5 R
5 5
4
(ii) Total charge = 60 R 3
3
= –80R3
Electric field outside the ball
1 4 2R 6
u 0
2 r4
1
20 2R 6
r4
dv = 4r2dr
r 2dr
dU 20 2R 6 4
r4
⎡1⎤
V 80 2R 6 ⎢ ⎥
⎣R ⎦
V = 802R5
48
Vtotal 0 2R 5
5
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 135
4. A thread, bent in the form of a semi circle of radius R, is placed in y-z plane, with its centre at the origin.
The charge per unit length of the thread is . Select the correct alternatives.
z-axis
y-axis
P(R, 0, 0)
x-axis
ˆ
(1) Electric field at O is 2 R k (2) Electric potential at O is 4
0 0
(3) Electric field at P lies completely in x-z plane (4) Electric field at P is along – z-axis only
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
Z
Let us consider an element of angular width d as shown in the figure.
+
d = Rd
+
Electric field at O due to this element, +
d
R
KdQ +
dE
R2 y
o
Due to symmetry about z–axis, the net field will be along negative z–axis only
K R sin .d
dE = dE sin =
R2
K R K 2K
. cos 0
2 ∫0
E= sin .d =
R R R 20 R
E . kˆ
20 R
KdQ K Rd
dV K d
R R
1
V K ∫0 d 40 .. 40
Due to symmetry, components of electric field along y–axis due to various elements at P will be mutually
cancelled out. So, only components along x–axis and z–axis will remain. Hence, the electric field at P will
lie completely in x–z plane.
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136 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
5. A thick shell with inner radius R and outer radius 3R has uniform charge density . It has a spherical cavity
of radius R as shown in figure. Choose the correct options
3R
R 4R
P
O O1
7 R
(1) Electric field at O will be zero (2) Electric field at O1 will be
12 0
11 R 2
(3) Electric field at P will be (4) Potential at O will be 23 R
24 0 6 0
q
(1) Field at 0 will be 4 r 2 is
0
4
q . R 3 , r = 2R
3
4
R 3
E0 3
4 0 4R 2
R
120 toward O1
0–
(2) Field at O1 E2 = 0
qcn 7 R
E1.4(2R )2 so Enet 12
0 0
4
qen (8R 3 R 3 )
3
4
7R 3
3
4
P
E1.4.4R 32
7R 3
0
7 R
E1
12 0
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 137
(3) E1 is field due to +ve
E2 is field due to –ve charge t^– t^–
Q
E1
4( 4R )2
4
Q (27R 3 R 3 )
3
26 4
R 3
3
26 4 R 3
E1
3 4 16 0R 2
12 R
24 0
Q
E2
40 (2R )2
4
Q . R 3
3
4 R 3
E2
3 4 4 0R 2
1 R R
12 0 120
12 R R
EP
24 0 120
11 R
24 0
4r 2dr O r
dV
4 0r
rdr
0
V1 (9R 2 R 2 )
2 0
4R 2
0
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138 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
Q2 4R 3
V2
40 (2R ) 3 4 0 2R
R 2
60
V0 = v1 + v2
23 R 2
6 0
6. The diagram shows three concentric conducting spherical shells having radii R, 2R and 3R. The initial potential
of each shell is as mentioned in figure. Choose correct options
15 V
30 V 10 V
(1) If the inner shell is earthed, charge present on its surface would be zero
(2) If the outer shell in earthed, then potential of middle would be 5 V
(3) If the inner and outermost shell are shorted then potential of middle would be 10 V
(4) If inner and middle is shorted then energy stored in space between these would be zero
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
⎡ q q2 q3 ⎤
k⎢ 1 ⎥ 10
⎣ 3R ⎦
30 V 15 V 10 V
k[q1 +a2 + a3) = 30 R …(i) R
A B C
2R
⎡ q q2 q3 ⎤
k⎢ 1 15
⎣ 2R 3R ⎥⎦
3R
⎡ 3q 3q2 2q3 ⎤
k⎢ 1 ⎥ 15 …(ii)
⎣ 6R ⎦
⎡q q q ⎤
k ⎢ 1 2 3 ⎥ 30 …(iii)
⎣ R 2R 3R⎦
⎡ 6q 3q2 2q3 ⎤
k⎢ 1 ⎥ 30 …(iv)
⎣ 6R ⎦
30R
q1 q2 q3 …(i)
k
90R
3q1 3q2 2q3 …(ii)
k
180R
6q1 3q2 2q3 …(iii)
k
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 139
equation (iii) – (ii)
90R
3q1
k
30R
q 1
k
From (i) & (ii)
90R
3q1 3q2 3q3
k
90R
3q1 3q2 2q3
k
⎫
q3 0 ⎪
⎪
q2 0 ⎬
30R ⎪
q1 ⎪
k ⎭
7
(A) 0
qinner = 0
–30R
–30R/k k
(B)
⎡ 30R 30R ⎤
VB k ⎢
3R ⎥⎦
= 5 V
⎣ k 2R k
(C)
30R
VC k 10 V
13R k
7. Figure shows a set of equipotential surfaces. There are a few points marked on them. An electron is being
moved from one point to other. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
10 V 20 V 30 V 40 V 50 V
A C
B
E
D
x-axis
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140 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
(1) Work done by the electric field, in moving the electron from A to D, is positive
(2) Work done by the electric field, in moving the electron from D to B is same as from B to C
(3) The electric field is directed along + x-axis
(4) As the electron moves from C to E, the potential energy increases
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)
10 V 20 V 30 V 40 V 50 V
A C
B
E
D
x – axis
Electric field is directed from higher potential to lower potential i.e., along negative x–direction.
W e E . S
For displacement A to D, angle between E and S is obtuse. Hence W is positive.
Let S DB and S BC represent the displacements from D to B and B to C respectively. S DB and S BC have same
components along E (uniform). Hence work done is same for both displacements.
If electrons moves from C to E work is done against electrostatic force. Hence the potential energy increases.
8. A point charge q, is placed at a distance r from the centre of an aluminium sphere, of radius
R (r > R). Select the correct alternatives
O
q r R S
q
(1) When the switch is open, the potential at O is 4 r
0
9. Figure shows three concentric conducting spherical shells of radii a, b and c (c > b > a). The innermost and
outermost shell are given charges Q1 and Q2 respectively, and the middle shell has been earthed. Select the
correct alternative(s).
Q2
c Q1
O
b a
⎡ b⎤
(3) The charge on the outer surface of outermost shell is Q2 ⎢1 ⎥
⎣ c⎦
⎛ b⎞
⎜1 ⎟Q2
(4) The potential at a point outside the outermost shell is ⎝ c ⎠ , where r is distance from O
40 r
Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4) Q6
Q5
Charge on different surfaces have been shown in the figure Q4
Q3
Q1
From Gauss law,
Q1 + Q3 = 0
and Q1 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 = 0
Q3 = – Q1 … (i)
Q5 = – Q4 … (ii)
Conservation of charge on outer-most shell Q5 + Q6 = Q2 … (iii)
⎛ b⎞ ⎛ b⎞
Q5 Q2 ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ Q6 = Q2 – Q5 = Q2 ⎜⎝ 1 ⎟⎠
c c
Potential at a point outside the outer-most shell is,
⎛ b⎞
1 Q ⎜⎝ 1 ⎟⎠ Q2
V c
4 0 r [Q1 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6] 4 r 4 r
6
0 0
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142 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
10. Inside a charged thin conducting shell of radius R, a point charge +Q is placed as shown in figure potential
of shell may be
Q
(1) Equal to
40R
R
Q
(2) Smaller than Q
40R
Q
(3) Greater than
40R
(4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
11. C1= C C2= C
–2CV +2CV
q0 = 2CV
k2
k1
2V V
Initially C1 has charge 2CV and k1 & k2 are open.
3CV
(1) If k1 is closed and k2 remains open, magnitude of charge flown through k1 will be
2
9CV 2
(2) For case (1), heat dissipated in circuit would be
4
(3) Now k2 is also closed (k1 already closed), magnitude of charges flown through k2 would be 5CV
(4) Heat dissipated in circuit in case (3) would be 8.75CV 2
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
⎛ q 2CV ⎞ q q – 2CV +q
⎜ ⎟⎠ C V 0
⎝ C
q q
2V V 0
C C
2q
3V 0
C
–2q = –3CV
2V V
3CV
q
2
3CV 3CV 2
Work done by cells = V
2 2
1
Initial energy stored in capacitor C.(2V )2 = 2CV2
2
Finally stored energy :
2 2
1 ⎛V ⎞ 1 ⎛ 3V ⎞ 1 V2 1 9 5 2
Vf C C⎜ C. C V 2 CV
2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 2 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 2 4 2 4 4
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 143
2 3 5 9
Heat dissipated = 2CV CV 2 CV 2 = CV 2
2 4 4
q = –3V
Now k2 is also closed : –2CV
+2CV –CV +CV
Charge flown through k2 = –3CV – 2CV = –5CV
Magnitude = 5CV
1 1 5
Vf = C(2V )2 CV 2 = CV 2
2 2 2
Work done by cell
5 2V V
(2V ) (2V ) CV 5CV 2
2
Work done by cell
5CV 5CV 2
(V ) V
2 2
15
Total work done CV 2
2
5
Vf CV 2
2
25
Heat dissipated CV 2
4
12. The circuit shows two capacitors, C1 and C2, charged so as to have respectively charges q1 and q2. The
switch is closed. Which of the following choices are incorrect?
C1, q1
S
C2, q2
(1) Total electrostatic potential energy of the system is always same before and after closing the switch
(2) Total electrostatic potential energy of the system always decreases after closing the switch
(3) The redistribution of charges take splace due to potential difference between them
(4) There may not be a flow of charge on closing the switch
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
When switch S is closed, redistribution of charge will take place if the potential differences of two capacitors
are unequal. In this process, there is always some loss of potential energy of system as heat.
+ – C1, q1
+ –
C2, q2 S
But if the potential difference across two capacitors is same, then no redistribution of charge takes place.
In this case, there is no loss of potential energy as heat.
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144 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
13. Consider the electrical circuit shown. A potential difference V exists between A and B. The charges on various
capacitors are shown. Select the correct relationship(s).
3C q
3
3C
q1 3C q2
A q4 B
3C 2C 3C
q4
(1) q1 = q2 (2) q3 = q4 (3) q1 = q3 + q4 (4) q3
2
Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4) 3C
+–
Capacitors with charges q1 and q2 are in series.
q1 = q2 q3
3C 3C
Capacitors with charge q1 are in series with a parallel
q1 q4 q2
combination of capacitors of charges q3 and q4
A A
q1 = q3 + q4 +– +– +–
3C 2C 3C
q3 q q
and 4 q3 q3 4
3C / 3 2C 2
14. When a dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of one of the two identical capacitors in figure, which
of the following properties increase?
First
C
Cell
K C
Second
(1) Charge on the first capacitor (2) Charge on the second capacitor
(3) Potential difference across the first capacitor (4) Potential difference across the second capacitor
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
C
Before dielectric is inserted : Cnet =
2 First C +Cell
–
C K
Charge on each capacitor is
2
V C
Second
KC
After dielectric is inserted Cnet
1 K
C
We know Cnet if K > 1, which is true.
2
Net capacitance increases and hence charge. Since capacitors are in series, therefore charge of both
capacitors increases.
V
Potential difference across first capacitor, initially =
2
Q KV
Potential difference across first capacitor, finally =
C 1 K
KV V
∵ K > 1 therefore
1 K 2
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 145
15. Two non-conducting spheres of radii R1 and R2 and carrying uniform volume charge densities + and
–, respectively, are placed such that they partially overlap, as shown in the figure. At all points in the
overlapping region, [JEE(Advanced)-2013]
–
R1 R2
(1) The electrostatic field is zero (2) The electrostatic potential is constant
(3) The electrostatic field is constant in magnitude (4) The electrostatic field has same direction
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
E1 r1 E2 – r2 E1
3 0 3 0 r1
r2
c2
E a c1 a
30
Electric field of constant magnitude and direction.
(2) The Gauss law can be used to calculate the field distribution around an electric dipole
(3) If the electric field between two point charges is zero somewhere, then the sign of the two charges is the same
(4) The work done by the external force in moving a unit positive charge from point A at potential VA to point
B at potential VB is (VB – VA)
17. Six point charges are kept at the vertices of a regular hexagon of side L and centre O, as shown in the figure.
1 q
Given that K , which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct? [IIT-JEE 2012]
40 L2
F L E
+q –q
P
S T
A D
O
+2q –2q
R
B C
+q –q
(1) The electric field at O is 6K along OD (2) The potential at O is zero
(3) The potential at all points on the line PR is same (4) The potential at all points on the line ST is same
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146 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
18. In the circuit shown in the figure, there are two parallel plate capacitors each of capacitance C. The switch
S1 is pressed first to fully charge the capacitor C1 and then released. The switch S2 is then pressed to charge
the capacitor C2. After some time, S2 is released and then S3 is pressed. After some time,
[JEE(Advanced)-2013]
S1 S2 S3
C1 C2
2V0 V0
(1) The charge on the upper plate of C1 is 2CV0 (2) The charge on the upper plate of C1 is CV0
(3) The charge on the upper plate of C2 is 0 (4) The charge on the upper plate of C2 is –CV0
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
When S1 is pressed and released
S2 S3
+2CV0
+ C1 C2
2V0 – V0
CV0 +CV0
+ C2
2V0 – V0
When S3 is pressed
CV0 – CV0
+ C1 C2
2V0 – + CV0 V0
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 147
19. A spherical metal shell A of radius RA and a solid metal sphere B of radius RB(< RA) are kept far apart and
each is given charge '+Q'. Now they are connected by a thin metal wire. Then [IIT-JEE 2011]
A RB
(1) E Ainside 0 (2) QA > QB (3) R (4) E Aon surface EBon surface
B A
q A qB
R R
A B
EA(inside) = 0
qA > qB
A q A RB 2 RB
B qB RA2 RA
E A A RB
EB B R A
20. A parallel plate capacitor has a dielectric slab of dielectric constant K between its plates that covers 1/3 of
the area of its plates, as shown in the figure. The total capacitance of the capacitor is C while that of the portion
with dielectric in between is C1. When the capacitor is charged, the plate area covered by the dielectric gets
charge Q1 and the rest of the area gets charge Q2. The electric field in the dielectric is E1 and that in the
other portion is E2. Choose the correct option/options, ignoring edge effects. [JEE(Advanced)-2014]
Q1 E1
Q2 E2
E1 E1 1 Q1 3 C 2K
(1) E 1 (2) E K (3) Q K (4) C K
2 2 2 1
C C1 C2
K 0 A / 3 2A / 3
C1 , C2 0
d d
(K 2)0 A
C
3d
C K 2
C K
1
V
Also, E1 E2 , where Vis potential difference between the plates.
d
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148 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
21. A parallel plate capacitor having plates of area S and plate separation d, has capacitance C1 in air. When two
dielectrics of different relatives primitivities (1 = 2 and 2 = 4) are introduced between the two plates as shown
C2
in the figure, the capacitance becomes C2. The ratio C is [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
1
d/2
S/2
2
+ –
1
S/2
d
(1) 6/5 (2) 5/3
(3) 7/5 (4) 7/3
Sol. Answer (4)
The capacitance of 4 individual sections
without dielectric would be C each
1 1
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 7
Ceq ⎜ ⎜ C
C ⎟⎠ C ⎟⎠
=
⎝ 2C 4 ⎝ 2C 2 3
22. A point charge +Q is placed just outside an imaginary hemispherical surface of radius R as shown in the figure.
Which of the following statements is/are correct? [JEE(Advanced)-2017]
Q ⎛ 1 ⎞
(1) The electric flux passing through the curved surface of the hemisphere is 1
2 0 ⎜⎝ 2⎠
⎟
(2) The component of the electric field normal to the flat surface is constant over the surface
Q
(3) Total flux through the curved and the flat surfaces is
0
(4) The circumference of the flat surface is an equipotential
Answer (1, 4)
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 149
Curved = – Plane
Q
⎡ Q ⎤
⎢ 1 cos ⎥
⎣ 2 0 ⎦ 45º
R
⎡ Q ⎛ 1 ⎞⎤
⎢ ⎜ 1 ⎟⎥
⎣ 2 0 ⎝ 2⎠⎦
R
The circumference points are equidistant from Q
All points will be at the same potential.
Options (1) and (4) are correct.
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
A particle P, of charge q and mass m, is placed at a point in gravity free space and it is free to move. Another
particle Q, of same charge and mass, is projected from a distance r from P with an initial speed v0 towards
P. Initially the distance between P and Q decreases and then increases.
1. What are the speeds of particles P and Q, when their separation is minimum?
v0 v0 v 0 2v 0
(1) , (2) 0, v (3) , (4) 0, 0
2 2 3 3
v0
mv0 + 0 = (m + m) v v=
2
1 q2 1 1 q2 1 1 q 2 mv 02 1 q 2 mv 02
(1) mv 02 (2) mv 02 (3) (4)
40 r 2 40 r 2 40 r 4 40 r 4
Sol. Answer (3)
1 v 02 mv 02
Kinetic energy of system at minimum separation = 2 m. =
2 4 4
From conservation of mechanical energy principle, the potential energy at minimum separation,
⎛ 1 q2 1 ⎞ mv 02 1 q 2 mv 02
U⎜ . mv 02 ⎟ = .
⎝ 4 0 r 2 ⎠ 4 4 0 r 4
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150 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
Comprehension-II
A point charge q is placed off centre at point C inside a thick spherical shell
of inner radius a and outer radius b. Shell is neutral and conducting. a r B
B
OA = rA O rC q
C
b
OB = rB
rA
OC = rC A
Kq Kq Kq Kq Kq Kq
(1) (2) – (3) – (4) Cannot be calculated
rC rC a rC a b
–q
q
q
Total charge induced on the inner surface equal –q and on outer surface = q
Kq Kq
(1) Zero (2) , towards C (3) , towards B (4) Cannot be determined
(CB )2 CB 2
Sol. Answer (2)
Net field at ‘B’ equal zero, field due to charges induced on outer surface of shell at ‘B’ is zero. Thus, field
at ‘B’ due to induced charges equals to negative of field at ‘B’ due to point charge q.
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 151
Comprehension-III
Consider an evacuated cylindrical chamber of height h having rigid conducting plates at the ends and an
insulating curved surface as shown in the figure. A number of spherical balls made of a light weight and soft
material and coated with a conducting material are placed on the bottom plate. The balls have a radius r <<
h. Now a high voltage source (HV) is connected across the conducting plates such that the bottom plate is
at +V0 and the top plate at –V0. Due to their conducting surface, the balls will get charged, will become
equipotential with the plate and are repelled by it. The balls will eventually collide with the top plate, where
the coefficient of restitution can be taken to be zero due to the soft nature of the material of the balls. The
electric field in the chamber can be considered to be that of a parallel plate capacitor. Assume that there are
no collisions between the balls and the interaction between them is negligible. (Ignore gravity)
[JEE(Advanced)-2016]
A
–
HV
+
q
Current i
T
Where T is time taken by spheres to move from bottom to top.
1 ⎛ 2V0 q ⎞ 2
h ⎜ ⎟T
2 ⎜⎝ hm ⎟⎠
⎛ KV 2 ⎞
h ⎜ 0 ⎟T 2
⎜ mh ⎟
⎝ ⎠
2 ⎛ m⎞ h
2 mh
T ⇒T ⎜
KV0
2 ⎜ K ⎟⎟ V
⎝ ⎠ 0
KV0
i ⇒ i V02
⎛ m h ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ KV ⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠
1. Answer (4)
2. Answer (1)
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152 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. The following figure shows three concentric conducting shells. The two inner shells are grounded and a charge
Q is given to the outermost shell.
a
+Q
b
c
Qa
STATEMENT-1 : The net charge appearing on the innermost shell is .
c
and
Qb
STATEMENT-2 : The net charge appearing on the central shell is .
c
Sol. Answer (4)
Let Q1 and Q2 be the charges on inner-most and middle – shells respectively. Then
KQ KQ2 KQ1
=0 …. (i)
c b a +Q
Q2
KQ1 KQ2 KQ Q1
=0 …. (ii)
b b c
a
KQ1 KQ1
(i) – (ii) =0
a b b
c
Q1 = 0
Qb
Q2
c
2. STATEMENT-1 : When some charge is given to an irregular shaped conductor, it distributes itself so that charge
density is same everywhere.
and
STATEMENT-2 : A conductor has to be equipotential under static condition.
Sol. Answer (4)
1
Statement-1 is wrong. Because charge density for a conductor, , where r is radius of curvature.
r
3. STATEMENT-1 : Inside an isolated uniformly charged hollow spherical shell, electrostatic potential is constant
everywhere.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Electric field inside a isolated uniformly charged hollow spherical shell is always zero.
Sol. Answer (1)
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 153
4. STATEMENT-1 : If the distance between plates of a charged isolated capacitor increases, then the potential
energy in the electric field of capacitor increases.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The energy stored in a capacitor is always directly proportional to separation between the
plates.
Sol. Answer (3)
Q 2d
“For a given charge”, U = a 2 /2C = i.e., U d.
2 0 A
5. STATEMENT-1 : Potential difference between two concentric charged metal spherical shells is directly
proportional to the charge of inner sphere.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The field inside the space between the two spheres described above will be only due to charge
of inner sphere.
Sol. Answer (1)
In the region between the two shells, E qinner.
6. STATEMENT-1 : Work done to move a charge on the surface of metal solid charged cylinder is always zero.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Work done to move a charge on an equipotential surface is zero.
Sol. Answer (1)
A conductor under static condition is equipotential.
7. STATEMENT-1 : At a point electrostatic field is zero, then potential at that point may be zero.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Negative of the potential gradient is equal to electrostatic field.
Sol. Answer (2)
E = 0 dV = 0 this does not imply V = 0.
10. STATEMENT-1 : If distance between plates of charged and isolated parallel plate capacitor increases then force
between plates decreases.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Force between two point charges is inversely proportional to the square of distance of
separation.
Sol. Answer (4)
Force is independent of separation, in a parallel plate capacitor.
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154 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
11. STATEMENT-1 : When two isolated charged metal spheres are touched with each other potential energy of
system may decrease.
and
STATEMENT-2 : There may be transfer of charge from one to other after touching.
Sol. Answer (1)
Whenever a transfer of charge occurs by itself potential energy decreases.
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1
(A) E (p) Point charge
r2
(B) E r (q) Spherically symmetric charge distribution
1
(C) V (r) Long line charge
r
⎛ r2 ⎞
(D) V2 V1 f ⎜⎜ r ⎟⎟ (s) Plane sheet of charge
⎝ 1⎠
KQ KQ
E and V
r2 r
A spherically symmetric charge distribution behaves like a point charge for outside points.
1 r2
For a long line of charge , V2 V1 2 ln r
0 1
For a plane sheet of charge, V2 V1 2 (r2 r1 )
0
C1V1 C2V2
(A) V (p)
C1 C2 V1 V V2
C1 C2
C1, V
C1, V1
1 C1C2
(B) U (V1 V2 )2 (q)
2 C1 C2
K
C2, V2 C2, V
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 155
(V V1 ) V2 V
(C) (r)
C2 C1 V V1 V2
C1 C2
C1 C2
V1 V2
1 C1C2 2
(D) Total energy = 2 C C (V1 V2 ) (s)
1 2
(t)
V1 V V2
C2 C1
Sol. Answer A(p, q), B(q), C(p, q), D(p)
In figure represented by (p),
q = C1 (V1 – V) = C2 (V – V2)
V1 C1 V C2 V2
V V1 V2 V
C2 C1
C1V1 C2V2
Also, V C1 C2
C1C2
Ceq. = C C
1 2
1 C1C2
U 1 Ceq. (V1 – V2)2 = 2 C C (V1 V2 )
2
2 1 2
1 C1C2
U . (V1 V2 )2
2 C1 C2
3. If some charge is given to a conducting object of any shape, then match the following colums, under
electrostatic condition
Column I Column II
(A) E at a point within conducting material (p) Must be zero
(B) E at a point outside the material (q) May be Zero
(C) E at a point in the cavity having no charge (r) May be uniform but not zero
(D) E at a point in the cavity having some charge (s) May be non-uniform
(t) Cannot predict
Sol. Answer A(p), B(r, s), C(p), D(s)
Inside the conducting region, E = 0
In a cavity without charge E = 0, but in a cavity containing charge, E 0.
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156 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. Consider the circuit shown with key opened. Capacitor-1 (3 F) is charged to potential difference of 9 V.
Capacitor - 2 (6 F) is charged to potential difference of 3 V. The key is now closed. What will be the potential
difference (in V) across capacitor-1 in steady state?
Capacitor-1
+ –
Resistor Key
– +
Capacitor-2
Sol. Answer (1)
C1V1 C2V2
V
C1 C2
3963
36
1
2. Suppose that electric potential due to a small charge configuration varies inversely with square of distance from
the charge distribution. Electric field intensity will vary inversely with what power of distance from the charge
configuration in this case?
Sol. Answer (3)
dv
E
dr
3. Consider an electric dipole located in uniform electric field in stable equilibrium position. It is now slowly rotated
to the position of unstable equilibrium. Work done by the external agent in the process is numerically how
many times the maximum electric torque experienced by the dipole during the process?
Sol. Answer (2)
4. Find the magnitude of electric potential at the origin due to following charge distribution (If q = 1 nC).
q –3q 5q –7q
O 1m 2m 4m 8m
1 ⎡1 –3 5 –7 ⎤ q ⎡ 2⎤
⎥ where a = 1, r = –1 , d = 2
a dr
E = 4 q ⎢1 2 2 3 ⎥ = 4 S ∵ ⎢S 2
0 ⎣ 2 2 ⎦ 0 ⎣ 1– r (1– r ) 9⎦ 2
2
= 9 × 109 × 10–9 × V/m
9
= 2 V/m
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 157
5. The bob of mass m, charge q is circulating in a vertical circle of radius R. With the help of a string. If the
maximum speed of the bob is V then the period of revolution is T1. If an electric field of magnitude (mg/q) is
setup which makes an angle 60° with upward vertical. Again the bob is circulating in same circle and its
maximum speed is also V, then the period of revolution is T2. Find then T1/T2.
Sol. Answer (1)
Period of revolution is same only position of bob when speed is maximum will change.
60
qE = mg
FNet = mg
mg
6. A uniform charged shell is reassembled in the form of a sphere of same radius but charge uniformly distributed
through out of its volume. Find the ratio of initial potential energy to work required for it.
Sol. Answer (5)
1 1 q2 1
2 4 0 R 2
Required ratio = 5
3 1 q2 1 1 q2 3 1
– –
5 4 0 R 2 4 0 R 5 2
7. Three point charges q, q/3 and 16q have to be arranged on positive x-axis within 20 cm, so that system’s
potential energy is minimum. Find the distance of charge q /3 from charge q.
Sol. Answer (4)
⎛ q⎞
For minimum potential energy the position of q and 16q are 0 and 20 cm and position of ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ is that place
3
where field due to q and 16q is zero.
20 16q q 0 20
x= 4 cm.
16q q 5
8. Two conducting closed surfaced shells are shown in figure. They are connected by wire through switch S. If
q1 and q2 charges are given to inner and outer shells respectively. The switch is closed find the ratio of final
charge to initial charge of inner shell.
q2
q1
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158 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
9. There are three conducting and concentric spherical shells of radii R, 2R and 3R. The charge on inner and
outer most shells are q qnd 3q while middle shell is earthed. Find the ratio of number of field lines emitted
by outermost shell and inner shell.
Sol. Answer (3)
Since middle shere is earthed so there is no any change of charge on other shell. Required ratio = charge
ratio.
10. Three charged conducting plates are separated by small distances as shown in figure. The charges on the
plates are shown. Find the ratio of charge on right surface and left surface of the middle plate.
2Q 3Q 5Q
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
– dV
Potential at a point is relative to some fixed reference E . For a given potential function, E can be
dr
uniquely found. Also, negative sign indicates that potential decreases in the direction of field.
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 159
3. STATEMENT-1 : In any condition the electric field inside a conductor is always zero.
STATEMENT-2 : Under electrostatic condition, conductor is a equipotential volume.
STATEMENT-3 :Electric field just outside a conducting surface is .
20
Only under electrostatic condition, field inside is zero and field outside is 20 .
SECTION - H
1. Two point charges q and –2q are kept on x-axis at (–a, 0, 0) and (2a, 0, 0). Find the locus of all points where
electric potential is zero. Assume that electric potential at infinite distance from a point charge is zero.
q 2q
Sol. At any point (x, y, z), V
2 2 2
40 ( x a ) y z 4 0 ( x 2a )2 y 2 z 2
For V = 0, we have
2 ( x a)2 y 2 z 2 ( x 2a)2 y 2 z 2
2. Two infinitely long wires running parallel to the x-axis carry uniform charge density + and –.
z
– +
y
(0,–a,0) (0,0,0) (0,a,0)
x
(a) Find the potential at any point (x, y, z) using origin as your reference.
(b) Write equation of the equipotential surface having potential V0, show that it is a cylinder.
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160 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
In vector form
Y
(0,–a,0) (0,a,0)
E rˆ +
2 0 ( y d )2 z 2 2 1
( y a ) ˆj zkˆ
20 ( y a )2 z 2
Now, dV E.dr
⎡ ( y a ) jˆ zkˆ ⎤
dV ⎢ .dxiˆ dyjˆ dzkˆ ⎥
2 0 ⎣ ( y a )2 z 2 ⎦
⎡ ( y a )dy zdz ⎤
dV ⎢ ⎥
2 0 ⎣ ( y a )2 z 2 ⎦
( y a )d ( y a ) zdz
dV
2 0 ( y a )2 z 2
V ( x , y ,z )
d ( y a )2 z 2
∫ dV 2 0 ∫ ( y a )2 z 2
0 (0,0,0)
⎡ ( x , y ,z )
⎣ ln( y c )2 z 2 ⎤⎦
20 (0,0,0)
⎡ a2 ⎤
⎢ln 2 ⎥ , say V1
2 0 2
⎣ ( y a) z ⎦
Similarly
( y a) ˆj zkˆ
E
20 ( y a )2 z 2
( y a )dy zdz
dV
2 0 ( y a )2 z 2
⎡ ( y a )2 z 2 ⎤
V ln ⎢ ⎥ (say V2)
2 0 ⎣ a2 ⎦
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 161
V = V1 + V2
⎡ a2 ⎤ ⎡ ( y a )2 z 2 ⎤
ln ⎢ ⎥ ln ⎢ ⎥
2 0 ⎣ ( y a ) z ⎦ 2 0 ⎣
2 2
a2 ⎦
⎡ ( y a )2 z 2 ⎤
ln ⎢ ⎥
2 0 ⎣ ( y a )2 z 2 ⎦
⎡ ( y a )2 z 2 ⎤
V ln ⎢ ⎥
2 0 ⎣ ( y a )2 z 2 ⎦
2 0V
( y a )2 z 2
e
( y a )2 z 2
2 0V
If V = constant then e = constant = K
Then
( y a )2 z 2
K
( y a )2 z 2
( y a )2 z 2
K
( y a )2 z 2
( x x )2 ( y a )2 z 2
K
( x x )2 ( y a )2 z 2
PA
constant
PB
P(x, y, z)
A(x, – a, 0) and B(x, a, 0)
If K 1
Than locus of P will be cylinder
K=1
It becomes perpendicular bisector.
3. Given that E (3 x 2 y )iˆ xjˆ V/m , find the work done by electric field in moving a charge of –2 C from (0, 5,
0) to (2, –1, 0) by taking the path
(a) (0, 5, 0) (2, 5, 0) (2, –1, 0)
(b) y = 5 – 3x
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162 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
Sol. E 3 x 2 iˆ yiˆ xjˆ
dV E.dr – 3x2dx – ydx – xdy
V = –x3 – xy + C
WEF = q(VA – VB)
4. Two long co-axial cylindrical metal tubes (inner radius a, outer radius b) stand vertically in a tank of dielectric
oil (dielectric constant k and density ). Constant potential difference is maintained between tubes by means
of a cell as shown in figure. To what height (h) does the oil rise in the space between the tubes.
V
2 0
C
⎛ b⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ a⎠
2 0 l
Ci
⎛ b⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ a⎠
2 0 (l h ) 2 0 kh
Cf
⎛ b⎞ ⎛ b⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟ ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ a⎠ ⎝ a⎠
2 0
[l h(k – 1)]
⎛ b⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ a⎠
1 2 dc
⇒ Fe v
2 dx
v 2dc
∫ Fedx ∫ 2
v2
C
2
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 163
mgh
w mg
2
v 2 C mgh
0
2 2
mgh = v2c
v 2 20
gh 2 (b 2 a 2 ) [l h(k 1) l ]
⎛ b⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ a⎠
v 2 20
h 2g (b2 a 2 ) h(k 1)
⎛ b⎞
ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ a⎠
2v 2 0 (k 1)
h
⎛ b⎞
g (b 2 a2 )ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ a⎠
5. A hemispherical bowl of radius R carries a uniform surface charge density . Find the potential at the topmost
point A, taking potential at infinity to be zero.
Sol. Let us consider elementary ring of radius Rcos and width (Rd) as shown in the figure.
dQ = 2Rcos.Rd. A
r
1 dQ
dV . Rcos
4 0 2R . 1 sin
Rsin d
R
2R 2 ..cos . d
⎛ ⎞ O
4 0 . 2 . R . ⎜ cos sin ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠
R
2⎛ ⎞
V= . ∫ ⎜ cos sin ⎟ . d
2 2 0 0 ⎝ 2 2⎠
R ⎡ ⎤ 2
= ⎢ 2 sin 2 2cos 2 ⎥
2 2 0 ⎣ ⎦0
R
=
2 0
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164 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
6. Eight point charges are placed at the corners of a cube of edge 1 m as shown. The magnitude of each charge
is 1 pC and their signs are as shown. Calculate the work done by external agent in slowly disassembling
this system of charges.
+q
–q
–q +q
+q
–q
+q –q
Sol. Total number of pairs of charges = 8C = 28
2
Out of these 28 pairs, 12 pairs have charges of opposite polarity separated by a (edge of cube), 12 pairs
have charges of same polarity separated by a 2 and 4 pairs have opposite charges separated by a 3 .
Potential energy of system, +q
Kq 2
Kq Kq 2 2
U 12 12 4
a a 2 a 3
–q +q
2
Kq ⎡ 4 ⎤
6 2 12
a ⎢⎣ ⎥
=
3⎦
–q +q
9 109 10 24 ⎡ 4 ⎤
=
1 ⎢ 6 2 12 ⎥
⎣ 3⎦
= – 52.4 10–15 J +q –q
Work done by external agent in disassembling = 52.4 10–15 J
7. A parallel plate capacitor has the space between the plates filled with a medium whose dielectric constant
increases uniformly with distance. Let d be the distance between the plates and K1 and K2 be the dielectric
constant of the medium at the two plates (square shaped with area A). Find the capacity of the capacitor.
Sol. Dielectric constant varies as given by
⎛ K K1 ⎞
K K1 ⎜ 2 x
⎝ d ⎟⎠ y
⎛ 1⎞ dx
d⎜ ⎟
⎝ C ⎠ 0 KA
integrating within suitable limits,
1 1 d dx
C 0 A ∫ 0 ⎛ K 2 K1 ⎞
O
x dx x
K1 ⎜ x
⎝ d ⎟⎠
d
1 ⎡ ⎛ K 2 K1 ⎞ ⎤ d
= ⎢ln ⎜⎝ K1 . x⎟ ⎥ .
0 A ⎣ d ⎠ ⎦ 0 K 2 K1
d K2
= A(K K ) . ln K
0 2 1 1
0 A(K 2 K1 )
C
⎛K ⎞
d ln ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ K1 ⎠
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Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 165
8. A point charge Q is placed at the origin of the coordinate system. What is the electrostatic energy within
an annular spherical region, with centre at origin and inner and outer radii R and 2R respectively.
Sol. Let us consider a spherical volume element of radius x and thickness dx,
dV = 4x2 . dx
KQ
E=
x2
Q
1 x R
u = 0E
2
dx
2
Energy in the element, 2R
dU = u . dV
1
= 0 E 2 . 4x 2 . dx
2
1 K 2Q 2
= 0 . 4x 2 . dx
2 x4
dx
= 2 0 K Q .
2 2
x2
Integrating with suitable limits,
2R
2 0Q 2 ⎡ 1⎤ Q2 1 Q2
U
⎢ x ⎥ = 8 2R.
(4 0 )2 ⎣ ⎦R 0 16 0 R
9. In the circuit shown, C1 = 15F, C2 = 30F, C3 = 30F, C4 = 30F and C5 = 60F. At steady state, the
potential difference between points P and Q is 50 V. Calculate the potential difference across capacitor with
capacitance C5.
C2 C3
Q
C4
C1 C5
15 30
Sol. Equivalent capacitance between P and Q = = 10F
15 30
30 60
Equivalent capacitance between Q and R = 30 + = 50F C2 Q C3
30 60
In series, potential difference is in inverse ratio of capacitances C4
C1 R
Potential difference between Q and R 10 C5
i.e., =
Potential difference between Pand Q 50
+–
10 P V
Potential difference between Q and R = 50 = 10 V
50
C4 30 10
Potential difference across C5 = 10 10 = V = 3.33 V
C 4 C5 30 60 3
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166 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
10. A charge q is placed at a distance of 2R from the centre of a spherical conducting shell of radius R. What
is electrical potential, due to charges induced on the shell, at a point which is farthest from the point charge?
q
Sol. VP = V0 = 4 (2R )
0
O
q P
q 2R
VP = 4 (3R ) Vind
0 R
q q q
Vind = 8 R – 12 R 24 R
0 0 0
11. A metallic sphere is cut into two along a plane whose minimum distance from sphere's centre is h. The radius
of the sphere is R and total charge is Q. What force is necessary to hold the two parts together?
2 2 2 Q 2 (R 2 h 2 )
Sol. F ( R h )
2 0 320 R 4
12. The distance between the plates of a planar capacitor is d and area of each plate is A. As shown in figure,
both plates of the capacitor are grounded and a small body carrying charge Q is placed between them at a
distance x from one plate.
Q
d
x
E1 d x Q dx
⇒ 1
E2 x Q2 x
Also, Q1 + Q2 = – Q
⎛ d x⎞
Hence, Q1 Q ⎜⎝ ⎟
d ⎠
⎛ x⎞
Q2 Q ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
d
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