Additional question 5.

4 Lenses
[1]
1. [SBP Trial 2006 P2 (A) Q7 (a)]
Figure shows an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment.
The objective and the eyepiece of the telescope have powers of + 2 D and + 20 D respectively.
The objective lens also has a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the eyepieces.
Objective Eye piece

(a) (i) Explain why the objective of the telescope needs to have a larger diameter. [1 mark]
Menumpukan lebih banyak cahaya dari objek supaya imej lebih terang
To collect more light from the object [produce brighter image]

(ii) Calculate the length of the telescope. [2 marks]

Calculate the focal length correctly

1
f0 = m/ 0.5 m / 50 cm
2
1
f0 = m/ 0.05 m / 5 cm
20

length of the telescope = 50 + 5 = 55 cm

2. [PERAK 2007 P2 Part B Q9 (c) (i)]

Suggest modifications to be made to convert the periscope to binoculars [4]

object convert

Right angle prisms

image
observer
image observer

First prism:
Total internal reflection occurs twice (2 kali) [1]
periscope Second prism: total internal reflection occurs twice [1]

Binocular

5.4 Telescope & binoculars, light phenomenon 1

3. [SPM 1998 P2 (A) Q2]

Symbol Observation
P Fish in an aquarium seems closer from its real position
Q When right hand is brought up in front of a mirror, image shows left hand being brought up
R Shot aim at a fish from the bank of river into clear river does not hit its target
S On a hot day, a pool of water is seen on a dry road
T The wall of the intestine can be seen by doctor through endoscope made by fiber optic
U Moon’s image can be seen at the surface of water at night

Table 1 shows an objective found in a research about the phenomenon of light

(a) State three light wave phenomenal involved in observation P, Q,R, S, T and U.

(b) Categorize the given observations into a few group according to light wave phenomenal
by using the given symbol.

(c) (i) Explain why observation R happened.

(ii) State one suitable way to shoot a fish so that the shot hit the target.

4. Draw the ray diagram to show that the water in a deep pool appears less deep that
it really is.
[3 marks]

5.4 Telescope & binoculars, light phenomenon 2

 Suggested answer [1998 P2 (A) Q2]
(a) Refraction, reflection and total internal reflection.
(b) Refraction = P, and R
Reflection = Q and U
Total internal reflection = S and T

(c) (i) Light ray from fish that travels towards water-air boundary is refracted away from normal.
Shooter view light ray as a straight line.
Apparent position of the fish is higher than the real position of the fish.
Shot fired only moves towards the fish’s image.

(ii) Apparent position of the fish is higher than the real position of the fish,
So that the shooter will have to shoot lower than the apparent position of the fish.

Summary : The construction rays of Astronomical Telescope

1. The objective lens (convex) of a telescope 2. The eyepiece lens (convex) acts a magnifying glass for
produces a real image of the distant object looking at this small real image.
It is usual to have the real image exactly at the focus of
the eyepiece lens. This is called normal adjustment.

Objective lens Eye piece lens

5.4 Telescope & binoculars, light phenomenon 3

 Real image
Parallel rays
from top of
distant object I

To the top of
virtual image
(at infinity)

first image, I1 formed by the objective lens is final image, I2 is virtual, inverted and (magnified)
real, inverted and diminished much larger than the object.

The first image, I1 becomes the object for the

eyepiece

Parallel rays f0 fe
from top of
distant object
fe, fo

Objective lens
Top of image
appears
to be here Eye piece
(kanta mata)

comparison between fo and fe [for focal length]

f0 > fe focal length of objective lens > focal length of the eye piece
comparison between mo and me [focal linear magnification]
Linear magnification linear magnification of
m0 < me of objective lens < of the eye piece

Power of lens,
Astronomical telescope 1
= focal length

Formula,
1
P= f

5.4 Telescope & binoculars, light phenomenon 4

 M0 < Me

f0 > fe
Figure 20
1. An astronomical telescope is an optical instrument that is used
to view objects at a great distance, such as planets and stars.
2. An astronomical telescope consists of two convex lenses.
(a) The power of objective lens is low because the objective lens has a long focal length, f0.
(b) The power eyepiece lens is high because the eyepiece lens has a short focal length, fe.

focal ength  focal ength 

f0 > fe
3. The distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece is (f0 + fe ),

  
it is the principal focus of the objective lens, F0 is coincident with the principal focus of the eyepiece, Fe.
Both lens have the same focal plane/[or at principal axis]

4. Parallel rays of light from the distant object converge at the focal plane of the objective lens to form the
first image, I1, which is real, inverted and diminished.

( objectivel ns) (ey piec ) 

5. The first image, I1 becomes the object for the eyepiece.
6. The first image, I1 is at the focal plane of the eyepiece.
The final image, I2 is virtual, inverted and magnified.

7. The final image I2 is formed at infinity (object at very far distance).

8. The magnification of the telescope in a normal adjustment (pelarasan normal), it is with image formed at infinity,
is given by:

M= f0
or M=
Focal length of objective lens, f 0 fe
Focal length of eyepiece, f e

Exams Tip
Method of drawing a ray diagram for an astronomical telescope.

5.4 Telescope & binoculars, light phenomenon 5