EXPERIMENT NO – 1

Aim:- To obtain the speed control of DC machine using full wave fully controlled thyristorized
converter(Armature control).

Apparatus:- Simulation of the experiment is performed on MATLAB.

Theory:-An electric motor together with its control equipment and energy transmitting device forms an
electric drive. DC motors are extensively used in adjustable speed drives and position control applications.

In this type of speed control we use a single phase full wave converter using thyristors. The ac voltage source
is converted to adjustable dc voltage using these 4 thyristors. Field of the dc motor is excited using a separate
dc source. The output from the convertor is the input to the dc motor at its armature terminals and is called
terminal voltage (VT).

Using the equations of the dc motor we can establish that the rotational velocity(w) of the dc motor is directly
proportional to the terminal voltage and hence by changing the terminal voltage we can control the speed
of the dc motor.

Circuit Diagram:-
Observations:-
Peak amplitude of source voltage=377V(240*(pi/2))

Frequency=50Hz

For a=300
Plot of Speed vs time

For a=600
Plot of Speed vs time

Parameters for full-wave convertor

Alpha(degrees) THD(%) DF(degrees) Form factor Ripple factor
30 14.67 41.6 lag 1.338 0.8993
45 7.38 54.1 lag 1.643 1.304
60 8.81 60.8 lag 1.994 1.725

Conclusion:-

 The speed control of dc machine has been achieved by changing the terminal voltage of DC machine.
 In armature control method, the value of average torque remains constant.
 EXPERIMENT NO – 2

Aim:- To obtain the speed control of DC machine using full wave fully controlled thyristorized
converter(Field control).

Apparatus:- Simulation of the experiment is performed on MATLAB.

Circuit diagram:-
 Speed vs Time plots

a=300

a=600

Conclusions:

 The speed can be varied(above the base speed) using field control method.
 The average power in this method of DC motor speed control remains constant.
 EXPERIMENT NO – 3

Aim:- To obtain the speed control of DC machine using first quadrant chopper.

Apparatus:-Simulation of the experiment is performed using MATLAB.

Theory:- An electric motor together with its control equipment and energy transmitting device forms an
electric drive. DC motors are extensively used in adjustable speed drives and position control applications.

When variable dc voltage is to be obtained from fixed dc voltage we use choppers. In this type of speed
control we are using Type A chopper. In this alpha is called the duty cycle and is defined as the ratio of T ON
and T(total time).

Using the equations of the dc motor we can establish that the rotational velocity(w) of the dc motor is directly
proportional to the terminal voltage and hence by changing the terminal voltage we can control the speed
of the dc motor.

Circuit Diagram:-
Observations:-
For chopping frequency of 300Hz
Vdc source=253V

Duty ratio=0.95

Duty cycle=0.80
For duty cycle=0.60

Determining current ripple for different chopping frequencies

For chopping frequency=300 Hz

For d=60%
For d =80%

For d=95%
 Pulse width(%) I Average(amp) I(max)-I(min) Current Ripple(%)

60 20.57 25.9-15=10.9 53

80 20.71 24-17=7 33.8

95 20.82 21.7-19.7=2 9.6

Conclusion:-
 The speed of the DC motor is controlled by changing duty ratio.
 Decrease in the duty ratio(keeping output voltage constant), will increase the current ripple, but, the
average current will remain the same.
 EXPERIMENT NO-4

Aim:- To simulate the four quadrant operation of DC motor using class E chopper.
Apparatus:- Simulation using MATLAB.

Theory:-
Four Quadrant Operation of any drives or DC Motor means that the machine operates in four quadrants.
They are Forward Braking, Forward motoring, Reverse motoring and Reverse braking. A motor operates in
two modes – Motoring and Braking. A motor drive capable of operating in both directions of rotation and
of producing both motoring and regeneration is called a Four Quadrant variable speed drive.

Circuit Diagram:-
Observations:
 EXPERIMENT NO-5

Aim:- To simulate the closed loop operation of DC motor using class A chopper.
Apparatus:- Simulation using MATLAB.

Theory:-

The measured speed at the motor shaft is fed back and compared with reference speed. The difference
speed error is applied to the speed controller to generate a control voltage Vc which controls the power
converter and produces the desired terminal Vt. This terminal voltage controls the speed of the motor and
thus the speed of the motor can maintained for any variations in the load torque. For example if the load
torque has been increased, due to this high load the motor speed reduces momentarily from its desired
value. Thus the speed error at the output of the comparator increases which increases the control signal
Vc.

Circuit diagram:
Observations:

Conclusions:

With the help of the feedback loop(PID Controller), the speed of the motor remains
constant even on the change of the load torque.
 EXPERIMENT NO-6

Aim:- To simulate the transformation of abc variables into dq variables.

Apparatus:- Simulation using MATLAB.
Circuit diagram:
Observations:
 EXPERIMENT NO-6

Aim:- To simulate the 180 degree conduction mode of 3 phase inverter.

Apparatus:- Simulation using MATLAB.
Circuit diagram:

Observations: