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Optional FurtherPractice

p.106

p. 107

Suggested
AnswersSection ..................... p .1 1 1

i
 Cross
theoddwordout,asin

Neighbours theexample.
chatterbox,
sbffi, lazybones,
troublemaker
2 sensible,
br€ friendlyambitious
3 b'-6, plants,bulbs,seeds
4 likeable,
caring,
]ne4, friendly
VocabularyPractice 5 gardening,
digging, planting,
bad€
Neighbours
Matchthewordsin thecolumns
Fillin theblanks
withthewordsbelow thenusethemto fill in thegaps
r waters. keeps aneyeonthings. grateful . thoughtful in thesentences
below.
o drives .
...crazy easy-going. a stiffupperlip . polite
o creativer chatting F-l-elsense a garoener
trtd-lo l d b away
Thethreepeoplebelowareneighbours l3-t-6t
crear c o n
t4Ta-1keen d -fashioned
in a block of flats in London. trt-f]drop e of humour
trT.ldepends f litter
Neelam Gupta is 23 years old. Neelamis How would you describe
Indian and she studies photographyat the yourself?
ChelseaSchoolof Art. She lovesher neighbours B : I have a great sense of
and they love her. She is a very 1l thoughtful numour.
person who enjoys helping others.When her
2 A : Do you get on well with
neighboursare away on holiday she 2l waters
yourneighbours?
their plantsfor them and generally3) keepsan
eye on things.Her neighboursare alwaysvery B : Yes.Exceptwhen they drop
4) gratefulto herfor herhelp. litter in my garden.
3 A : How would you describea
typicalEnglishman?
B : Hmm,let methink.Punctual,
Alison Greenway is 25 years old and she
polite and perhapsa little
worksas a DJ for a radiostation.She was born
in Australia old-fashioned.
but she movedto Londonwhenshe
was 15.Alisonis friendlyand 5l easy-going.At. 4 A : Laura'sgardenis lovely!
weekendsshe loves6) chattingand laughing B : Yes,it is. She is a(n) <een
with her friendsin the garden.This sometimes gardener.
7) drivesher neighbours crazy,especially
when 5 A : Can I giveyou a handwith
Alisonand herfriendsplayreallyloudmusicl
the housework?
B: Yes,that'd be great.Could
you pleaseclear away the
Georgiana Portman is 58 yearsold. She is platesthat areon the table?
Englishand she is a HistoryProfessorat London 6 A: What do you usuallydo at
University. Georgiana is very artistic and weekends?
8f creative. Sheplaystheviolinandthe pianoand B: Well,it dependson thetime
she lovespainting portraits. She is a typical of year.In the sum.merI go to
Englishwoman.She is sometimesannoyed by the beachwith my friends.In
Alison'sloudmusicbut she keeps9l a stiffupper
the winter I likegoingto the
lip aboutit. She is very lO| politeand reserved.
onema.
4 Underline
the correctword,asin the example. Word Formation
1 Taniaisveryr_e_s€rygd/thoughtful.
Shedoesn't 6 Completethegapswiththecorrect
word
likeexpressing
heremotions. derived
fromthewordsin bold.
Englishpeoplehavea reputation/politeness
for beinga littleeccentric.
Stop beingsucha noseyparker/:llllbilly and
be sensible!Youarenot a child!
This paintingdepicts/producesthe Acropolis
in Athens.
I didn'tunderstand
the ioke.lt wastoo subtle/
comieal.
Racheltalks all the time. She is such a
chatterbox/scatterbrain.
7 Robertis verycaring.He looksafter/looksfor works for
,Philip a rnternational
his brother and helos his sister with her bankin ^,.* vo*.
in a high-flier;
homework. rntellisent,rl ,ro,,ll It and
talented. veryAMB|TION
8 Leodoesn'ttake after/take careof hisfather. ,";;.; n]""
He lookslikehismother.
9 She'sas busyas a bee/bird.
il,:]"f,;ffiJ;..:lffi:
[::
important SELF
10 Without my glasses,l'm as blindasa @{fox. ff.ffJ:r,;.;T? than
11 As a boss, he's very good with strangers/
emplovees.
'12
Couldyou glgtmakeme a favour?
13 Remember
to keepin feel/touchwlth us.

5 Circle
thecorrectresponse.
A: CouldyougiveMrsEdwards
a call,please?
B: a Notat all.
@ ves,ofcourse.
A: Howoftendo youcleanyourroom?
B: a l'msorrybutI can't.
@ twicea week. verY
Richardis an author'He ts
CREATE
3 A: Doyouthinkyoucouldwashthe car? 3) creativeand artisticbut
a:@ t'm afraidI can't.I haveto go to the sometimeshe can be a little
FORGET
suoermarket. 4) forgetfuland
CARE
b No,I guessnot. 5) careless.He neverremembers
areano
wherehisbooksand notes
4 A: Do you mind switchingoff the TV? l'm
he is alwaYslosingthings'
tryingto sleep.
B: a l'd liketo. ' ';-.."**'"**--' '-
@ Sure.Noproblem. Phrasalverbs
A: I'msosorryfor wakingyouup lastnight. Replacethe phrases in boldwithlookofter,
7
B:@ Don'tworryaboutit. takeafter,rundfterin thecorrect
form.
b I do apologise. looksafter
1 Mrs Harristakes care of mv little sisterwhile
A: I'msorry.I didn'tmeanto upsetyou.
our parents
argat worK.
B: a All right.
2 susan
r'3{"?BlE?'r.rer
father.
@ tt doesn'tmatter.Forgetaboutit. 3 Thewomand81rf,86til robberscreamrng
"
forhelp.
5
 Grammarin Use
PresentSimple.PresentContinuous
& PresentPerfect
Put the verbs in the brackets into presenf
simple,presentcontinuousor pruent pertect.
1 A: What time are we meeting (we/meet)
Johnand Liz?
B: The performancestarts (start) at 8:00 so
we are meeting(meet)them at 7:30.
2 A: ls lan coming (lan/come)with us to the
restaurant?
B: I don't think (noVthink) so. He hasn't
finished(noUfinish)writing his reportyet.
3 A: Haveyou seen(you/see)Linda?
B: No, I think sheis (be)stillat the library.
4 A: How often do you exercise(you/exercise)
at the gym?
B: Threeto four times a week.
A: ls Tanya(Tanya/be)on a diet?
B: No, she just eats (eat) healthy food and
sleeps(sleep)a lot.
A: What time are Lauraand Pennyfeaving
(Lauraand Penny/leave)?
B: Theyhavealreadyleft (already/leave).
A: What are you looking(you/look)for?
B: I am looking(look) for my key.I havejust
lost (jusVlose)it.
A: What time does the Eurostartrain leave
(the Eurostartrain/leave)for Paris?
B: At half pastseven.
A: Where are you going (you/go) on holiday
this summer?
B: ltaly or Greece.We haven't decided(noU
decide) yet.
1 0 A: WheredoesLeolive(Leo/live)?
B: In Kensington,but at the moment he is
staying(stay)with friendsin Paris.
11 A: Are you having (you/have) a party on
Saturday?
B: Of course I am. I have alreadyinvited
(already/invite) everybody!
12 A: Haveyou been(you/go)to the doctor's?
B: Yes, but my temperatureis still going up
(still/9o up)!
6
2 Completeeachgapwiththecorrect
formof
theverbin brackets.
HiClaire,
Justa quickmessage fromEngland!
I can'tbelieve| 1) havebeen(be) herefor two weeks
already.I 2) am having(have)sucha greattime!The
universityis very impressiveand | 3) feel (feel) so
proudto be here.
Sofar,| 4) havemet(meet)a lotof studentsfromother
countries andl5) am sharing(sharc)a largeroomwith
a girlfromHongKonguntilshegetsa roomof herown.
The head of our department6) is planning/has
planned(plan)an internationalpartyforthisweekend.
I 7) hope (hope)it's a goodone. | 8) haven'tbeen
(noUgo)to a partyfor ages!
When 9) are you leaving (you/leave)for Rome?
10)Haveyoufound(you/find)a houseyet?
Writebacksoon.
Lotsof love,
Claire
Stative verbs .l
3 intothe presentsimple
Puttheverbsin brackets
or presentcontinuous.
1 A: Why areyou smelling(you/smell)that egg?
B: Becauseit smells(smell)bad. l'll throw it
away.
2 A: lt feels (feel) great to be on holiday,
doesn'tit?
B: Yes,I am feeling(feel) better already!
3 A: Stanthinks(think) he'sso great!
B: I know.Theysay he is thinking(think) of
going for the boss'sjob!
4 A: Lookat Karen.Sheis having(have)a great
time.
B: Yes,and she certainlyhas (have) a talent
for dancing.
5 A: Why are you looking (you/look) at that
childoverthere?
B: Becausehe looks (look) so much like
David.
 6 A : Andy is (be) really a good Puttheverbsin brackets
intothe correctpresenttenses.
5
boy,you know.
$: B : So why is he being (he/be)
DearBob,
s so sillyright now?
,,::,*:, | 1) om writing (write) to tetl gouaboutsomethingreo[lg
7 A:. Why are you tasting (you/
:l
wonderJul that 2) hashappened(happen)to me!You3) know
taste) the soup? (know) how muchI lovewriting?WeLl., the schoolnewspaper
B : BecauseJohn saysit tastes 4) hasasked(ask)meto be their neweditor.I con'tbetieveit. I
(taste) like water! 5) hovebeenwaiting(wciDJor a chancelikethisJor ages.
Overthe pastfewdags,I 6) havebeenreadLng (read)past
PresentPerfectContinuous editionsoJthe schoolpaperto getsorneideqsoboutwhot the
paperls otl obout.| 7) haveoLreadg wrltten(alreadglwrite)
4 Write a sentencefor each down lots of notesabout what kind oJstories| 8) want (wcnt)
situation, as in the example.Use to include.White| 9) havebeencounting(count)downthe dags
for or siirce. beJore | 10) ottend(attend)thefrst meetingoJthenewspaper
stafi | mustadmltthot I l1) am becoming(become)moreand
1 Maria started working as an
morenervous.I hopeevergthlng goesOK.
engineer fourteen years ago. Wet[,that'smg news.12) Aren't(belnot)gouexcitedJorme?l,tt
Sheis stillan engineer. let gouknowwhot happens.
Maria ttas been warking*s an Bgefor now,
engineer y€#rt.
f*r {aarte€{t Mork
2 He started playingtennis two
:* hoursago. lt was 5:00 pm. ntencetransforrnations
?.w
He has been playingtennisfor
two hours./hasbeen playing 6 Completethe secondsentence so that it meansthe sameas
tennissince5:00pm. the first. Useno morethan threewords.
3 It is snowing. lt started
snowingthree hoursago.
It has been snowinqfor three
hours.
4 A friend tells you that he saw
Susan.The last time yo.u saw
Susanwas in 2001.
I haven'tseenSusansince2001.
5 Bill and Richard are taking
karate lessons. They started
taking lessonsin March.
BillandRichardhavebeentaking
karatelessons
sinceMarch.
6 You are waiting for a friend
outsidethe cinema.You arrived
there twenty minutesago:
I havebeenwaiting for twenty 1 lt's sixyearssinceI startedlearningEnglish.
mtnures. I havebeenlearningEnglishfor sixyears.
7 llna started going on holiday 2 Thisis the third time we havetravelledto New york.
to Santorinifive yearsago. We havebeento New York,threetimesso far.
Tinahasbeengoingon holiday 3 Clairehasn'tvisitedLondonfor two years.
to Santorinifor fiveyears. ClairevisitedLondontwo yearsago.
8 Your brother tells you-he met 4 The lasttime Helentook a train was in 2004.
David.You last saw David ages Helenhasn'ttakena trainsince2004.
ago.' 5 We haveneverbeento a more beautifulcity.
I haven'tseenDavidfor aoes Thisis the most beautifulcity we haveeverbeento.
7
 Thepeoplebelow(1-4)arelookingfor a houseto buy.Decide
whichhouse(A-F)would
bethe most
suitable
for them.Therearetwo housesyoudon'tneed.

Situatedin a quiettraditional
village,this charmingcottageis
idealfor thosewho lovenature.
Set in spaciousgrounds,it is only
minutesawayfrom the
Aliceand Martin
MerseysideConservationPark.
lovepartying.Theyare
verysociableand they have
lotsof friends.Theyare looking Designedby famousMexican
for a big housein whichthey architect,
JavierValladares, this
contemporary houseis large,
can entertainlotsof people
minimalistand practical.lt is
and havebarbecuesin
perfectfor those who,are always
the summer.
on the go.

TheBrowns area
quietandfriendly
family.
This lovelyvillais ideal
Theyarelooking{ora house for partiesand
witha biggardenina nice celebrations.With a large
neighbourhood closeto the outdoorpooland a big
centre.Theyareonh tigni receptionroom,it is
budgetsotheydon'twant perfectfor those who
tn cnon.l q lnt n{ havebusysociallives
money. l and loveentertaining.

Thisbeautifulfamily homeis
onlytwo kilometres away
fromthecitycentre.Situated
in a quiet,safe
SandraandRupert neighbourhood, it hasfour
arehigh{liers.
Theyhave bedrooms anda biggarden.
verybusylivesandtheirjobs Youwon'tbelieve thepricel
arestressfulanddemanding.
Theylikemodernarchitectureand Closeto the centreand in one of
furnishings.
Theiridealhouse the best areas,this largehousewith
wouldbe well-organised its fivebedroomsis idealfor
and spacious. families,Not onlyperfectfor inviting
friendsand familyfor weekend
stays,but alsofor gardenerslooking
Stella
for peaceand quiet.
lovesnature.She is
energeticand activeand Thiswonderful Mediterranean
she soendsa lotof timein the stonehouseis certainlyforthose
garden.Shewantsto buy a house whowantto getawayfromthe
in the countrysidewhichshe can
stressof citycentresand
demanding workschedules.An
fillwith beautifulflowers.She
hou/sflightacrosstheChannel is
also lovestakinglongwalks allyouneedto reachyourown
and havingpicnics. naturalparadiseandat a very
reasonable price.
8
Listening& Speaking Socialising
Describing People 2 theexchanges
Complete withsentences
fromthebox.

. --t'Vou
will heara conversation . Pleasedto meetyou . Niceto meetyou,too.
betweentwo friendsabouta . No,no.lt'smyturn. . sameto you
party.Forquestions 1- 5 choose . How'rethings? r Bye.Havea niceday.
A,BorC. o Sorryl'm late.

1 A: Jane,l'd likeyou to meet Mr Rochester.

B: Pleased to meetyou, Mr Rochester.

2 A: Bye,Linda.l'll seeyouthisevening.
B: Bye.Havea niceday

3 A: Niceto meetyou,Albert.
B: Niceto meetyou,too.

A: Havea niceweekend,Mrs Porter.

B: Thanks,sameto you, Peter.

Whenwasthe party? 5 A: How'rethings?

A Saturday B: Justfine,thanks.

@ Yesterday A: Letme buyyou lunch.

C The day beforeyesterday B: No, no lt'smy turn.
What was great about the 7 A. Sorryl'm late.
dinnerparty? B: Nevermind,you'reherenow!
A the food
B the musicandthe people
@ tne food,the musicandthe
Meeting old friends
peopre
3 phrases
Choose fromtheboxto complete
thedialogue.
3 LauraSingerhas
. Niceto meetyou,too . haven't we met
@ dart blackhairano green o i'd likeyouto meet . Thisisa greatparty,isn'tit
eyes. . Hi,there . Whata fantastic partythatwas
B shortbrown hairand green
eyes.
C blackhairand blueeyes.

4 What is LauraSingerlike?
John: Hi, Andrew. l) This is a great party, isn't it?
Andrew: 2) Hi there!Yes, it is John.
A Sheistalkativeand nice.
3) I'd like you to meet my cousin, Val Jordan.
@ Sfreis friendly,talkativeand
interesting.
John: Nice to meet you, Val.
Val: 4) Nice to meet you, too, John!
C Sheistoo talkative.
John: Val, 5) haven'twe met before?
5 In January,
LauraSigner VaI: Mmm, I think we have but I can't remember when.
@ won the NationalWriting John: I believe it was at Brian Stock's parfy last sunrmer.
Competition. VaI: Yes, that's right. 6) What a fantastic party that was!
is going to Columbia John: Yes, it was. I haven't seen Brian for ages. Is he here
University. tonight?
is going to study Creative Val: He's over there. Let's go and talk to him.
Writing. John: Great!Let'sgo.
 Writing (an e-maildescribingyour family)
Gettingqtarted
Read
therubricandunderline
thekeyword#phrases.
WhatwordVphrases
canyouthinkof relatedto the
wordfamily?mother,father,brother,sister.tall,slim,talkative,etc

Thisis part of an e-mailvou receivedfrom your Mexicanfriend

t\,ii
#
@
Maria.
*
I lovemyfamilybut sometimes pazis
thE drivemeuazy.My tvvinsister
greotbut myyoungerbrotherRoberto canbeannoyingat timesso we
oftenfightoboutthesilliestthings.Whoftyourfamilylike?

[1iteane-m3iltoyourMexican
frienddescribinq
yourfamily.

Let's look closer

2 Readthe e-mailandcompletethe paragraphplan.Usethe

followingheadings:
o requestfor returne-mail
e description - ages,professions,
of parents personalities
o greetingandcommenton laste-mail
e description ns- persona
of brotherVsisterVcousi lities,IikeVdisl
ikes

Deon florio,
Wnl Hou/re things? I reollg enjoged reoding goun Introduction
ernqil
(Para 1) greeting and comment
Voudre luckg to hove such o big ond interesting
on last e-mail
fonilg
p',Hu fqnilgfs or€oL too. t'lg nothen, Heother, is 46 geons
old ond uor{<s qs q l,lqths professon of 0xford Universitg
She's very coring ond thoughtful but sonetimes she cqn be (Pan 2) description of parents -
q little strict l'lg dod, Brion, is 45. He,s o doctor so he ages,professions,
uor{<s long hour.s qnd I dont see hin very often He,s not personalities
strict of qll qnd he con be very geneious lrith. pocket
moneg!
kI hove no brpthers or sisters but I hove tuo cousins
@ Tino ond Jo ore idenUcol tuins
(Para 3) description of brothers/
ond thegfre mg qge. Theg love pop music ond filns qnd ule
si,sters/cousins -
often go out together. Thegfre funng, tqlkeUve ond eosy personalities,
going Houever, Tincds q bit of q chqttertox, uhich con be q likes/dislikes
Iittle tining ot Unes!
pnngtog, I've got to go noul - its dinnen tfune.l.hite bqck
C-ondusion
soon ond tell ne goun neus.
(Para 4) request for return
Toke core,
e-mail
Julio

Lookat the pictures.

Howarethe peoplerelatedto Julia?
A-Julia'scousinsPictureB -Julia'smother picturec -Julia'sfather
n., Picture
I\J
 Opening/Closing remarks
3 l_Mark
the followingopening/
closingremarkswith ORor CB.
Whichcouldyou usein Julia's
e-mail?
1 Hi! Guesswhat? OR
2 Well,that'sall from me. CR
3 Can't wait to seeyou. CR
4 l'm writing to let you know
that ... OR
5 Sorry,I haven'tbe'bnin
touch in a while. OR
6 Byefor now. CR
7 Got to go now. CR
8 Hi! What'sup? OR
9 How'severything going?OR
Topicsentences
The topic sentence is the first
sentence in the paragraph. lt
introducesor summarisesthe main
topic of the paragraphand givesthe
reader an idea of what the
paragraphis goingto be about.The
rest of the paragraph(supporting
sentences)developsthe main idea
of the topic sentence.
Lookat paragraphs 2 & 3 in the e-
4
mail.Findthe topicsentences and
underlinethem.Dothe supporting
sentences developthe mainidea
of the paragraph?How?
Yes,theydo.Thewritergoesonto
describewhatshehasmentioned in
hertooicsentences.
Readthe topic sentencesbelow.
Thinkof supportingsentences to
developthe mainidea.
(SeeSuggested Answers Section)
1 My best friend Kate is the
kindestgirlin the world.
2 MybrotherJonathan isa talented
pianist.
3 Louand Janeare my favourite
cousrns.
Linkingwords and phrases
. To make your pieceof writing more interesting,you can use a
varietyof words and phrasesto link sentencesor ideastogether.
My cousinJo is an attractivegirl.She'sgot blueeyesand longdarkhair
My cousinJois an ottractivegirlwith blueeyesand long dorkhair.
. You can link descriptionsof similar personalqualitiesby using
in addition, also,and, moreover,etc.
Sheis caring.Sheisalwayshelpingpeople.Sheisverykind to etreryone.
Sheis caringand is alwayshelpingpeople.Moreover,sheis verykind
to everyone.
. You can link descriptionsof contrastingqualitiesby usingbut,
on the other hand, however, nevertheless,etc.
Heishordworkingand bright.Hecanbediffrcultat times.
Heishardworkingand bright,but he can bedifficultottimes.
NOTE: When you mention someone'snegative qualities you
should use mild language(seemsto be, can be rather, etc). For
example,insteadof sayingMy brotherPaulislazy, it is better to say
My brotherPaulcanberatherlozyattimes.
Rewritethe sentencesusing linking words or phrases.
(SeeSuggested AnswersSection)
1 Ann is friendly.Sheis caring.
2 Bob is hardworking.Bob is kind.
3 Paulis veryenthusiastic.He is bossysometimes.
4 Helenis reallyattractive.She'sgot green eyesand long fair
hair.
5 Mary is polite and friendly.Sheis forgetfulat times.
6 Janeis so kind. Sheis alwaysvery helpful.
7 Harryis verysociable.He is intelligent.
8 Vivian is like a sister to me. Sometimesshe gets on my
nerves!
Yourturn
Answerthe questions
aboutyourself.
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
1 How manypeopleare in your family?
2 What do they do for a living?
3 What are they like?
8 Read the rubricin Ex.1 again.Useyouranswers in Ex.7 to
writeane-mailto yourfriendin Mexico aboutyourfamily
(80-100words).Usethe paragraph planin Ex.2 to helpyou.
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
11
 Callof the
tcnLlsrul
Irsi:ftut
Vocabularypractice
Il ffi wetlands
Fauna L -forest
I Complete thespidergrams with
thewordsfromthelist.
. lake. chimpanzee fuhlinting/fishins $rqatiuGtud
. hunting/fishing . amphibian
. hare. habitat changes
. mammal . jungleowetlands
o trger. reptile. wolf
. forest. ocean fu tiser

wolf

Flora
1 A pondisa smallwildlifehabitat.
Crossthe odd word out, as in the example. 2 Faclorywaste pollutesthe earth,sriversand
SCAS.
1 woodlands,farmlands, M, hedgerows 3 Peoplealways try to improve their livinq
2 noise,@, dust,air pollution conditions.
3 pollution,starvation,
(:Mfr, illness 4 Thediscovery
of new medicinescan helpsave
4 moths,bats,squirrels,@ffiiF Iives.
5 .bffi, tiger;chimpanzee,wolf 5 Many animalspeciesare at great risk from
Underlinethe correctword, as in the example. extinctionin the Amazon.

1 You can makea wildlifepond/gardenquite

Similes
easily.
2 Joannais a memberof the localenvironmental Complete
thesentences
withthesimiles
team/qrogp. below
3 Plantingtrees can help reducesoil erosion/ . greenasgrass. freshasa daisy
extinction. . brownasa berry. redasa rose
4 Chinchillasarean endangered species/types.
5 The Amazonrainforesthas an extraordinarv 1 Mike, haveyou been on holiday?you,re as
varretyof wildlife/countryside. brownas a berry.
lf you get a good night,ssleep,you,ll be as
Sociallssues freshasa daisyin the morning.
When she first started college,she was as
4 Matchthewordsandcomplete
thesentences.
greenas grass.
lTTdl witdtife a waste Herlipsare as redas a rose.
ETel factory b lives
FTe I riving c spectes I
lZTb'-]tau. d habitat
trTq animal e conditions
12
6 Whyaretreesimportant?
Usetheverbsin thelistto complete
thephrases
in thediagram
below.
. remover reduce. provider protecto release

5) protectfrom
ultravioletradiation 2) provideshelterfor animals

i 4) remove
CO,fromthe

3) release
oxygen

Matchthe two columns andthencreate Wearetryingto raise/recycle

moneyto builda
sentences,
asin the example. wildlifepondinthelocalpark.
OnSunday, students
fromourschoolaregoing
lTItrl useenergy-efficient
lightbulbs
to planVprotecttreeson top of that hill.
paperandplanttrees
P-l-D-l recycle
4 At home. we try to use/recvcleas much
t3lal a wildlifehabitatin ourgarden
create
rubbishas oossible
t4Ttrl keepbeaches ctean
5- lf you want to help planVprolec! wildlife,
f5TA] not useour carsin citycentres
why don'tyou adoptan animal?
A helpreduce airpollution 6 We use/startpublictransporta lot: this way
B saveenergy
we helpreduceair pollution.
C protectwildlife
D protectforests
E helpsaveseaturtlesfromextinction Phrasalverbs
1 8y usingenr:rgy-*ffirient
lighthulbs,'w*
cansav€ Jointhe partsof the sentences.
enerqy"
9
2 Byrecyclingpaperandplanting treeswe can l-TTd-lTheMauritius Maunhus
Dodobirddied....
^r^+^-+ C^-^-+-
Pr \J LCL L | \JI C> 15. lz]-al I r 4 n . . . . . . . .
3 By creatinga wildlifehabitatin our gardens trTrl H ec o u l d n 'mt a k e. . . . . . . .
we can orotectwildlife. fzlb-] Youlookworn ........
4 By keepingbeachescleanwe can help save trT-l Theyhavebrought........
seaturtlesfrom extinction.
5 By not usingour carsin city centreswe can a out of paperand I couldn'tprint my essay
helpreduceair pollution. b out! I think you needsomerest.
c out my favouritewriter'snew book!
8 Underlinethe correctwords.
d out around1690.
1 My neighboursare going to raise/s'lar!a
e out what that signsaid.
campaignagainstthe cuttingdown of the big
tree outsidetheir house.
13
 Grammarin Use Going to
Modals 4 Rupertisthedirectorof anenvironment
agency.Lookat hisdiaryandwritedownwhat
Completethe sentencesusingmusUhaveto- hisarrangementsarefor the followingdates.
shouldloughtto-mustntand the verbsbelow.
. drop ". recyclee hunt . work . respect
. keep . ask

of Heafth
11thNov \ meettheMinister
We should/oughtto recycleall paper;plastic
bottlesand aluminiumcansin our homes.
2 You mustn'tdrop litteron the ground.
3 You mustn'thunt endangered species.
4 You should/oughtto respectthe elderly.
5 You musVhaveto keepyour dog on a lead.
6 You should/oughtto aska lawyerfor advice.
7 I musVhaveto work tonight.

lle is gaing tromeetthe lfrinisteraf Healthan the

2 Youare illwith measles.
Makesentencesfrom
the notes your doctor has left you. Use
should/shouldnt.
. Stayat homefor two week
o Restasmuchasyoucan
r Drinkplentyof liquids
. Seefriendsuntilthe spotsgo
1 Youshouldstayat homefor two weeks.
2 Youshouldrestas muchasyou can.
3 Youshoulddrinkplentyof liquids.
4 You shouldn'tsee friendsuntil the spotsgo
away.
l lth af {$7vembet
He is going to travel to New York for an
EcologyConference on the 30thof November.
He is going to give an interviewto Savethe
Planetmagazineon the 1't of December.
He is goingto go to the Environment
Awards
in Manchester on the 5thof December.
He is going to havea meetingwith his staff
on the 1Othof December.
6 He is goingto appearon a TV chat-showon
the 15thof December.
Will - Going to

The future - tirne words 5 Fillinull or goingto.

Putthe verbsin bracketsinto the pruentsimple 1 A: I am going to donate f20 to my local

3
or futuresimple.
1 We will take(take)part in an environmental
campaign whenwe join "Savea Tree".
We won't go (noUgo) until you come back
home.
I will reqyclethe magazinesafter I finish
(finish) readingthem.
Don't for:get to walk the dog before you
leave(leave)for school.
When will he reach(he/reach)Paris?
environmentalgroup.
B: Welldone! | think that'sa greatidea.
2 A: Are you going to go to the countryside
this weekend?
B : I don't think so. I heardon the newsthat
it is goingto rain.
3 A : What areyou going to do for your science
project?
I am goingto makea wildlifepond.
4 A : Samisgoingto join Greenpeacenextmonth.
B : Great!| willjoin then,too.

14
 5 A: ls Tony coming to the environmental Sentencetransformations
fundraisertonight?
B: I don't know.lwill callhim to find out. 7 Completethe secondsentencesothat it
A: My suitcaseis so heavy!
meansthe sameasthe first.Useno morethan
threewords.
B: I will helpyou carryit.
It isagainstthe lawto huntendangered animals.
A: You look exhausted!
Youmust not hunt endangered animals.
B: Yes.I am. lwill go to bed.
Dinosaun became extinctmillionsof yearsago.
A: What areyour plansfor the August break? Dinosaurs havebeenextinctfor millions of years.
B: We are going to sail around the Greek It would be a good ideato checkthe sitebeforeyou
islands. fill in the adoptionform.
Youshould/oughtto checkthesitebeforeyoufill
A: You still haven'tclearedup the garage.
in the adoptionform.
B: Sorry.I promiseI will do it tomorrow after
lf we don't want animalsto becomeextinctwe
work. mustprotecttheirhabitats.
1 0 A: l'm so thirsty. We musVhaveto protectnaturalhabitats or wild
B : I will get you a glassof water. animals will become extinct.
It is everyone's dutyto do what we canto helpthe
1 1 A: Why did you wake up so earlytoday?
environment.
B : I am going to meet Alison for a quick We musVhaveto do what we can to helpthe
coffee before work. enuronment.
1 2 A: Antonia playsthe celloso beautifully.
n B : She is going to becomea great cellistone
day.
e
1 3 A: What are you doing tonight?
B: l've got tickets to a classicalconcert. I am
goingto seethe St PetersburgPhilharmonic.

14 A: Good afternoon. Can I speak to Tonia,

please?
B: Justa minute,please.I will get herfor you.
15 A: Are you going to learn another foreign
languagebeforeleavingschool?
B: Yes,I am goingto learnSpanish. Word formation{formingnouns)
PrepositionalPhrases 8 Fillinthecorrect
formof thewordsin bold.
1 An increasein factory productionwill lead to
5 Fill in: frcm, in, at.
an increasein factory waste.
1 By adoptinga sick animal,you can help save PRODUCE
animalsfrom extinction. 2 Thank to the Internet, communication
2 Thechindrillais in dangerof becomingextinct. among peoplehasbecomeeasier.
3 We must protect both large and small COMMUNICATE
habitats from being destroyed. 3 Man'sindifferencehasled to the extinctionof
4 Today,nearly 15 percent of the wildlife in manyspectes. DCflNCT
Britain is at risk of becomingextinct. 4 The developmentof new medicineswill save
5 The red wolf livesin the wild. people'slives. DEVELOP
5 In the conclusionof your essay,you can
restatewhy recyclingis so important.
CONCLUDE

15
 Reading
I Lookat the sentencesbelow about a speciesof endangeredturtle. Readthe text to decidewhether the
sentencesare true I(true) or F(false).
1 Thereare morethan two milliongreenseaturtlesin ihe '".rorld. F
2 Thegreenseaturtle is not the onlyseaturtle whosenumbersaregettingsmaller. T
3 Thegreenseaturtle providesfood for humanberngs. T
4 A lot of countriesdo not allowpeopleto hunt the turtles T
5 Fisherman do their bestto avoidcatchingthe turtles. F
6 Theturtlesaresometimes caughtin old fishinglines. T
7 Theturtlesliketo eat plastic. F
8 Touristsfrightenthe turtlesawayfrom their nestingbeaches. T
9 Brightlightsaredangerous for youngturtles. T
10 Scientists
haveknownaboutthe killerdisease
for a lonqtime. F

*-ffirlf{ff(Sln
Se{A}
lFH ry

S-!lr7t6i',efiEru sEATURTLE
llruilrtil[e
isa largeturtlethatcangrowt0 1.5metres intength
andweighupto 200kitograms. tt is
foundinwarmcoastal waters around theworld,butthelargestpopulationstodayareinFlorida
andtheCaribbean,
Hawaii,andBorneo. In alltheseareas theturtlesareat risk,withpopulationsin Florida
andMexico officially
describedasendangered.Although inthepastthere wereprobably several green
million seaturtles
intheworld,
todayscientists
believe
thatfewer than200,000 adultfemales remain.Belowwelistsomeofthereasons why
numbers ofthisandotherseaturtles have declined.

Peoplearoundtheworldhaveusedthemeatofthegreenseaturtleforfoodsinceancient
timesandit isthemain
ingredient
inturtle
soup.Theeggs,
which thefemale
turtles
buryonsandy beaches,
arealsocollected
byhunters.
Unfortunately,
although
lawsbanning havebeenpassed
thehunting people
in manycountries, continueto doso
illegally.

year,more
Every than10,000 seaturtles
areaccidentally
trapped
infishing
nets.Unableto breathe,
theseturtles
soondrown.Manyofthesedeathscouldbeavoidedif thefishermen
mademinorchanges to theirequipment
that
wouldallow
theturtles
to escape.
Forsomereason,many fishermen
seem unwilling
to dothis,althoughthelaw
requires
themtodoso.

Theseasarelittered
withrubbishwhichcanprovedeadly totheturtles.
Theycanbecome entangledinoldfishing
linesandnetsortheymaymistake piecesofplastic
forfood.When theplastic,
theturtlesswallow it canblocktheir
digestive
systems andthentheturtles todeath.
starve

Moreandmorebeaches, usedbytheturtles asnesting areas, yearastourist

arelostevery areasaredeveloped.
Thismeans thatthefemales donothavea familiarplaceinwhichto laytheireggsandasa resultsomefemales
maynotnestatall.Evenif theturtlesdomanage to laytheireggs,thesemaybecrushedbypeople walking
along
thebeach.Justasseriously, theyoung turtles
areoftenconfused bythebright
lights
whentheyhatch andare
unable
tofindtheirwaytotheseaandsafety.

Inrecentyears,scientists
havereported
thata newdisease green
is affecting seaturtlepopulations,
particularly
in
Florida
andHawaii. Scientists
suspectthatthedisease,
whicheventuallykillstheinfected
turtles,
is caused
bya
virusorparasite,
buttheexact
causeisnotyetknown.
Listening& Speaking
Global Warming
a. Youwill heara person
commenting on a new book
aboutglobal warming. For
questions1- 5 chooseA, B or C.
1 The book says that most
experts...
A think the world will get
colderin the future.
@ disagreeon the reasonsfor
globalwarming.
C say global warming is a
naturalprocess
Most scientistsagreethat the
rateof globalwarmingis ...
A not changing.
B slowingdown.
@ growingquickly.
The speaker says that the
book contains...
@ too manycomplicated ideas.
B a lot of sensible
suggestions.
C technicaladvicefor
electricians.
4 The speakeragreesthat we
A spendtoo muchin
supermarkets.
B traveltoo far to find good
food.
b. ln pairs,useyouranswers
in Ex.1ato talkaboutglobal
warming. (SeeSuggested AnswersSection)
2 a. Complete
the exchanges
with sentences
fromthe box.
. Howinteresting! | neverknewthat
o Sorry- | didn'tthinkof that
o Don'tyoujustloveit here
. I suppose you'reright
'l
A: Don't you just love it here?The sea is so beautifuland
calm.
B : Yes,it's a beautifulplace.
2 4 . Didyou knowthat turtlessurvived
the dinosaurextinction
65 millionyearsago?
B : How interesting! | neverknewthat.
3 A : Why are you throwingall that paperinto the rubbish
bin?lt's bestif you recycleit
B : Sorry- | didn'tthinkof that
4 A : Jane,wouldn't it be betterif we rodeour bikesto school
insteadof takingthe schoolbus?We coulddo our part
to reducepollutionin our city.
you'reright!
B : I suppose
b. In pairs,actout similarexchanges.
- Agreeing
Makingsuggestions
3 below.Fillin the gapswith the
Readthe conversation
followingexpressions.
. Whydon't . Howabouto let'so Goodthinking
. Whynot . That'sanexcellent
idea
li,
Beth: Hi, Jo. How is it going?
7a,
Jo: Hi, Beth. Great, thanks. Ive just finished my essay.
t,
Andyou? ,.a.a
Beth: Ive just finished mine, too. i
Jo: WeIl, l) let's do something! I
Beth: OK! 2) How about going to the conservation park?
I'
They are offering free guided tours today.
Jo: Great. 3) Wtry not ask Tom if he wants to come,
too?
5
Beth: 4) Good thinking. I'll give him a call.
i Jo: I have an idea! 5) Why don't we walk instead of
F driving there?
F.
;: Beth: 6) That's an excellent idea!
i
***$$9!'qe'r
r,r@gq&@ry@ryrysryfffr€{sffil@@i98'
17
 Writing (ane-mailaskingfor information)
Gettingstarted
Samisthinkingaboutvolunteering
for a fun runthat will helpraise How
moneyfor endangered species. long/
Whenhesawthe advertisement
i raCe?
below hetook somenotes.Using
the phrases below,turn the notes
intosentences, asin the example.
. Couldyouplease.let meknow...
o I wouldbegrateful if youcould...
o I aminterestedin finding out(if)...
r I wouldliketo know(iflwhethed .,.
r I wouldappreciate it if youcould,..
1 lwauldliketoknawhowlanqthe
racets.
2 Couldyouplease let me know
whattimethefunrunstarts?
3 | am interested in findingout
whentheclosing dateforentries
i
ts. closingj
4 | would appreciate it if you date/
couldtell me if there is an entries
entrvfee.

Let'slook closer

2 Readthe e-mailSamwroteto Ms Hillaskingfor additional

information.
Fillin the paragraph
planwith
the headings
andthenanswerquestions 1-3.
. closing
remarks. asking
forinformation

Deon Ms Hi[

@t " interested in toking pont in the EndongenedSpecies Fun Introduction

Run, ond I uould be gruteful if gou could give me some (Paral) Openingrernnrks,reason
infonmqtion ond send me on entry for.m. for uriting
it if uou could tell me houl
the ruce is ond ulhot Ume it stqnts. I urould olso like to (Para 2) asking for information
knou if there is on entry fee qnd urhen the closing dqte f about the Fun Run
entnies is.

@fnonf gou in qdlvonce fon goun qssistqnce. I look fortrqrd to Conclusion

heoring from gou. (Para 3) closing remarks
Vours sincerelg,
SomMqttheurs

,| Why hasthe writer

startedoff with DearMsHill?Couldhe sign off with Yours
faithfullyor Bestwishes?
Why?
2 Hasthe writer coveredall the points?Underlinethe relevantphrases/sentences.
3 Hasthe writeraskedquestionsnot meniionedin the notes?
18
 Opening/Closing
remarks 4 Change
the followingsentences
frominformalto formal.

3 Markthe followingopening/ I can'twait to hearfrom you

closingremarkswith ORor CR. I am lookingforwardto hearingfromyou.
I want someinformation on Greenpeace.
I wouldappreciate
1 | am writing to requestsome
it if you couldsendme someinformation
on Greenneace
information on the Savethe
Youcancallme on 121 017234.
Panda fundraiser that I saw
I can be reachedon 121 017234.
advertised in this week's
l'd be interestedin applyingfor the environmental
officer
editionof AnimalLovers.
OR
positionI wouldbe interested in applying
for the
2 | look forwardto hearingfrom
environmental officeroosition.
you soon.CR
Youcanget in touchwith me at the address
below
3 Please write back at your
I can be contactedat the addressbelow.
convenience with the
Bestwishes,Yours sincerely,ifaithfully,
information.
CR
4 | saw your advert in Ecology
magazineand I would like to Yourturn
find out more about your
Readthe advert for the PortmanEnvironment Agencyand then
organisation.
OR write a letter askingfor information.Usethe e-mailin Ex.2
asyour model. (SeeSuggestedAnswersSection)
Formal Style
)re which
rtry :ormal lettersare sent to peoplein countries/
an official position or people you work?
don't know very well. They are
,,vrittenin a formal style with a
oolite,impersonal
tone. what
volunteers/
You can write a formal letter to
requestinformation,applyfor a job/
do?
course,etc

Formalstyle is characterisedby the

useof:
. advanced vocabulary
I am writingto enquirewhether...
(NOT+wan++easl<if =..)
. formallinkingwords/phrases
(Furthermore,However,
"x
i Secondly,etc)
Secondly,
Iwouldliketo ...
. passtvevolce
I canbecontacted... now
(NOTYeueaneentaetme...) long/training
c politeformswithout contractions
I
-.! last?
I wouldliketo apply...
(NOT(+!i*P-...)

Colloquial expressions,phrasal
verbs,idioms and short forms are
NOTusedin formalstyle. request
an
application
form
 Takea
break
VocabularyPractice

r expirydate r savedup . turnoff . rushed

. warnedmeagainst. avoided. wandering
. assumed . high-factor. in sight r noticed
. lookingfonrvardto . relieved o destination

Ps' .WW.-Wry'ffiWffia
;ii.

rxm
ffi * # W
::t|L:

a::.ti:a
.:iili;:.
,-::':.:
aa:.,-a:
Forthosewholovetravelling, travelwritingsoundslikea dreamjob.
r:L:
:::;:.;. Notonlydo travelwriterstravelforfreebuttheyalsogetto publishtheirexperiences in guidebooks.
.;tt:l
However, as thestoriesbelowillustrate,
travelwriting
is no holiday!
t,:::
:l:.it
Alma Gram&o
Travel
Writer
forLeisGaGuidetalAadrid
:,rtrtiIt was my third day in Madriddoing researchon restaurants and cafes.As I was
1) wandering around, I saw this quiet little street and I decided to
:::,,:
i: i.:
2) turnoff to the right.| 3) assumedthattherewouldbe morecafes,restaurants and
',,,:: tourists
in thatareabuttherewasn'ta soul4) in sight.Then| 5) noticeda manrunning
towardsme.As he ranpastme, he grabbedmy bag.| 6) rushedto the nearestpolice
,1.'''station.TheytoldmethatI hadbeenwalkinginthemostdangerous neighbourhood in
thecityl
::.
:,,,,
ffiichardFos&er,Travel
Writer Ssm&a K8nam,Travel
Writer
-i:.
forLonely
Planet
Guidefo Chile IarAfncaStudent
Guideto Egypt
My publisher had 7) warnedme againstmountain When you ghoose a tropical or a subtropical
bikingin theTorresdel Paineon my own,but I didn't ' 12)resort,youmustbe careful. Checkanyinformation
listen.I was really8)lookingforwardto the challenge. available
on the areathatyou can layyourhandson.
Theareais in a spectacular mountainrangeand it is Thismay13)reveal potential
problems thatyou may
tinationfor ecotourismandadventure. nothaveconsidered. Mystoryshowsthatsometravel
What I didn't know was that the problemscan be 14)avoidedby
weatherin the mountains
can doing simplethings.Things
change unexpectedly at like wearinga(n) 15)high-
night. So, althoughI had factor sun cream or, in my
10)saved up to buy case, checking the
expensive bike equipment, I 16)expiry date on an anti-
hadn't thoughtabout buyingthe mosquitolotion.On my first
appropriate clothes.lt was so coldthat night in Cairo,I appliedthe lotion
night I nearlyfroze. In the morning,I woke up withoutchecking.As a result,I was bitten by an
exhaustedandillbut11)relievedthatlwasalive! infected
rnosquito
andendedup in hospitall
',20
 2 Matchthe wordsthenusethe phrases
to fill in Underlinethe
the gapsin sentences
1-8. correctword.

TTTdIrental a tnsurance
I2-fbl buffet b car
Ft-f-] boarding c hour
t4T0-1birth d company
Where do we check i4/off for our flight to
fsTa-]travel e map
Moscow?
reT"lroao f pass
Shestoodon the ship'sdeck/portand waved
FT'-] rush I certificate
to her family
lE-th-1room h servrce
We are planningto go on a cruise/ferryto
1 The car broke down so we had to call the the Aegeanlslands thissummer.
ientalcompanyfor a replacement. 4 Can you give me a lltVboot to the train
2 You will needa copyof your birth certificate station,please?
in orderto get a new passport. 5 ls this the right platform/compartmentfor
3 You'll get a boardingpassat the airline's the 3:15trainto London?
check-incounter 6 Thehoteloffersdisabled/wheelchair facilities.
4 Thistrain hasan excellentbuffetcar. 7 You'dbe betteroff bookingyourticketsthrough
5 We will not be ableto find our way to that a reputable/rural
travelcompany.
beachwithout a roadmap. 8 We would like to apologise for any
6 You should always buy travel insurance inconvenience/warn ing caused.
beforegoingabroad. 9 Paullost his temper/moodwhen the car ran
7 Duringthe morningrushhou; the trainsare nr rt nf notrnl
packedwith people.
10 Therewas a verylong queue/boardingat the
8 The hoteloffersroomservice. counter.
Fillin with the correctpreposition.
Phrasalverbs
1 Today,I am goingto work on foot. phrasalverb.
6 Complete
with the appropriate
2 Do you enjoytravelllngby train?
3 Whengettingoff a train,you mustmindthe gap Couldyou giveme a lift to the port?
betweenthe trainandthe olatform. Couldyou dropme off at the port?
4 Keepwalking towardsthat gate. The ticket Someairlinescheatpeopleby chargingthem
officeis on your left. too muchfor tickets.
5 Theplaneis boardingat gate25. Someairlinesrip peopleoff by chargingthem
]al
too muchfor tickets.
on 4 Completethe idioms.
Lisasaidgoodbyeto Brianat the trainstation.
)n. LisawavedBrianoff at the train station.
1 | am hopingthat Mary and Johnwill return
tay
homesafeand sound.(unharmed) On our way to Paris,we stayedfor a little
vel
2 Now and agaln I go to Claridge'sfor my w h i l ei n C a l a i s .
afternoontea.(occasionally) On our way to Pariswe stoppedoff in Calais.
3 l'm afraidwe can't oick and choose.We can Theystartedon their journeyto Americafull
onlyafforda cheaphotel.(chooseselectively) of hopeandoptimism.
4 She livesin the countryside.Shecan't stand They set off for Americafull of hope and
the hustleand bustleof London.(very busy optimism.
and noisy) Whenthe planeleftthe ground,we got really
5 When Lisalost her job we had to scrimpand excited.
savefor a year.(spendvery little money) Whenthe planetook off we got reallyexcited.
an

21
 Grammarin Use
Usedto I Would
Fill in the gapswith usedto, wouldor both.
1 | usedto travela lot when I livedin America
2 Betty usedto be a hotel receptionistbefore
shejoinedJ&JCompany
3 We usedto lovetravellingby boat but now
r n r o n r o f a r t r : r r a l l i n,nJ 0 y p r a n e
4 Beforeshe met her husband.she used to
travelalone.
5 As students.we used to/would take short
weekendbreaks to London.
6 They used to go away two or three times
a year.but now they aretoo old to travel
7 When Brianwas younger.he usedto/would
staywith hisgrandparentseverysummer.
8 In the winter we used to/would go on ski
triosto Austriaor Switzerland.
2 Readthe extractfrom a story and put the
or the pdsf
verbsin bracketsinto the pastsimple
continuous.
The snd the Bone
Oneday,a dog 1)waswalking(walk)overa bridge
carryinga bone in his mouth When the dog
2) looked (look) down into the water, he 3) saw
(see)his own reflectionand 4) thought (think) it
was anotherdog carryinga bone.lmmediately the
(start) 'other'
dog 5) started barkingat the dog
becausehe 6) wanted (want) his bone. As he
7) was barking(bark),the dog 8) dropped(drop)
his own bone into the river.The bonewas lost and
the dog 9) learned(learn)the lessonthat whenyou
wish for more than you have, you risk losing
everyrn
Ing.
22
3 Jointhe sentencesusinEthe pastperfectand
the words in brackets,as in the example.
1 Shebrokeherleg Shecancelied hertrip (after)
Aftershehadbrokenherieg.sneco.ncelled
hertriys.
2 She arrivedin London.All her friendsleft for
Edinburgh (bythe time)Bythe timeshearrived
in London,
allherfriendshadleftfor Edinburgh.
3 Sarahwent white-waterrafting.She did a
trainingcourse.(before)Sarahhad done a
trainingcoursebeforeshe went white-water
raftrng
4 lt startedraining.They reachedthe airport.
(already... when) lt had alreadystarted
rainingwhenthey reached the airport.
5 Miriamarrivedat the port The ship left. (by
the time) By the time Miriarharrivedat the
oortthe shiohad left
4 Readthe situationsand makesentencesfrom
the words in brackets.
1 | wasverytrredwhen I arrivedhome.
(l/work/hardall day)
lhad beenworkingharda{lday"
2 Thetwo boyscameinto the house.Theyhad
a footballand theywere both verytired.
(they/play/football)They had been playing
football
3 Therewas nobody in the kitchenbut there
wasa smellof burntfood.
(somebody/cook)Somebody hadbeencooking.
4 Annwokeup in the middleof the night.Shewas
frightenedanddidn'tknowwhereshewas.
(she/dream) Shehad beendreaming.
5 When I got home,Mikewassittingin front of
the TV.Hisclotheswere coveredin oaint.
(he/paint/theroom)
He had beenpaintingthe room.
Word Formation
5 Usethe prefixesun-,ini mis-,over-,dis-to form
negative Then,usethemto
adjectives.
completethe sentences (1-5).
(un)friendly (ovedpopulated
(un)comfortable {in)convenient
(mis)informed
He is a s -':":ed bossbecausehe is
^ t , , - - - ^ - - - -
dt\ Jc,: a-:= -
Ca:-:= i ; - :.=':rc.rlatedcityin India.
3 Wigsarehot anduncomfortable to wear.
4 Hearrivedat a veryinconvenient
moment.
5 Thetaxidriverwasrudeand unfriendlv.
Completethe exchangesby putting the verbs
in bracketsinto the pastsimple,pastcontinuous,
postperfector pastperfectcontinuous.
1 A : Howwas(be)yourtrip to Berlin?
B : Great!We did (do)a lot of sightseeing
and
met (meet)somereallyinteresting
people.
2 A . How did you break(you/break)your arm?
B : I was hiking (hike) in the Black Forest
and I tripped(trip)overa rock.
in Freiburg
3 A : Didyou see(you/see)Claudiaat the party?
B : No, we didn't. By the time we arrived
(arrive), she had already left (already/
leave).
A: When did you realise(you/realise)that
you hadtaken(take)the wrong train?
7 Completethe secondsentencesothat it
B: I had just ordered(just/order)dinner in
the buffet car when I heard (hear) the
announcement,
5 A : DidToniago out (Tonia/goout)?
B : Yes,she did (do). She had been studying
(study) in her room for hours so she
decided(decide)to take a break.
6 A : How long hadTim beenlooking(Tim/look)
for a job before he was hired at the
NationalGallery?
B : Well,he hadjust graduated(usVgraduate)
from collegewhen he was called for an
interview.
7 A : Why wasAndreaso stressed?
B : She had been typing (type) her essayon
the computerall morningwhenit suddenly
crashed(suddenly/crash).
A: Lindalooked(look) so upsetwhen I saw
ner.
B: I know. Shehad been crying(cry)all day.
She lost (lose) her dog in the park this
morntng.
her job at
A: Did Nicoleleave(Nicole/leave)
the bookshoo?
B: Yes,she had been working (work) there
since1999 and she felt (feel) it was time
to moveon.
1 0 A: By the time I was 27, I had saved(save)
enoughmoneyto buy a car.
B: Really? | was 31 when I bought(buy)my
first car. I had been working (work) very
hard for yearsbeforeI had (have)all the
money.
1 1 A: Why wereyou so latethis morning?
B: I had beendriving(drive)my carfor twenty
minuteswhen I got (get)a flat tyreand had
(have)to callroadservice.
1 2 A. What'sthe problem?
B: Theywere trying (try) to fix the machine
for hoursyesterdaybut it is stillbroken.
Sentencetransformations
meansthe sameasthe first.Useno morethan
threewords.
1 Whenwe wereat university,JohnandI would
workon a fishinoboatin thesummer.
When we were at university, Johnand I used
to work on a fishingboatin the summer.
When he graduated,he startedworkingas a
travelagentin Madrid.
He started working as a travel agent in
Madridafterhe hadgraduated.
As I was getting ready to leave, Monica
walkedin.
I was getting readyto leavewhen Monica
walkedin.
Johnand I havebeentogetherfor 25 years.
Johnand I havebeentogethersincethat day
25 yearsago.
After living in Spain for twenty years,we
cameto London.
Beforewe came to London,we had been
livingin Spainfor twentyyears.
23
 Lookat the text in eachquestion.
Whatdoesit say?Markthe correctletterA, B,or C.

TeachEnglish
abr oad
NEVERLEAVE Teaching
experience
not necessary
Rent-free
accommodation
L U G G AE
G Competitive
salary
UNATTENDED -:"='i'-tli
irri.". ,"..n nsexperience
youcan
teachEnglish
abroad
Youmusttakeyourluggagewith you on the ($) YoucanteachEnglishabroadwithout having
plane. teachingexperience.
Youmustn'tleavewithouttakingyour C Whenyou teachEnglish abroadyou must
luggagewith you. haveteachingexperience
/a\.,
(9) You must keepyour luggagewith you at all

toourtravel
Subscribe and
newsletter
previews
offers,
exclusive
receive and
giveaways
bye-mail week.
every
.-.@rffiMr!9.t\Yq.)83

A You mustsubscribe to our newsletterin oroer

to receiveoffers,previewsetc. A Lauracanbookherflightin herown time.
B You haveto subscribe to the newsletterevery B Lauramust book Leonie's
flioht assoonas
WCCK. possible.
@ tt is possible
to receiveoffersetc, if you @ Lauramusthurryup and bookherflightas
subscribe to the newsletter. soonas possible.

ilr. LSsT,STMLEhI MRTUISSING

!;:t
t:.: ITfigVIs
IVl{JsTHEREP*RTED
l:
llll' TS T'hIEDHPARTMHNT
:,'
ffiFPI.'BI.ICSAFETYAT TI-IE
AIRPffiRT.
Callus nowif you arebetweenlB-30
:@rqlwry.rye.r1rtgi*f
ryrKt,l
Lost,stolenor missingitemsmustbe left
A Youcanget bargainpricesif you areover30 wherethey are.
B You mustbe a studentto get bargainprices. Lost,stolenor missingitemsmust be taken
to the Departmentof PublicSafety.
@ Vou mustbe between18 and 30 to get
bargainprices @ Anythinglost,stolenor missing
mustbe
reportedto the Departmentof PublicSafety

24
Listening& Speaking TravelInformation
Bookingtickets 3 Usethe sentences the dialogue.
to complete

Youwill heara conversation betweentwo

friends,oneof whomis complaining abouta
telephone if
booking.Decide each sentence is
corrector incorrect.lf it is correct,tick (/) YES.
tick(./) NO.
lf it is incorrect,

YES NO

1 Lucyspentan houron the phone

tryingto book a flightto Edinburgh. n=
2 Thetravelagentwas polite. E Z
3 Thetravelagentkept sayinghow
busyhe was. Z =
4 Thetravelagenthadn'theardabout A: Good morning, Travel Bookings.
the BritishAirwayshalf-priceoffer. V Z l) How can I help you?
5 Lucycriedon the phone. rE B : I'd like information on ferry tickets to
6 Lucydidn't book herticket in the Calais, please.
end. Z E A: 2) When would you like to travel, sir?
B : Tuesday morning. I would like a one way
Complaining ticket, please.

Choosethe correct response.

A: 3) Just a moment,I'll check. The ferry
leaves at 7:15 in the morning and then
1 A: I wasn't satisfiedwith the room service.lt every half hour after that until I I:00 at
wasn'tefficientat all. night.
a:@ t do apologise, sir.
Sor4r,did you say 7:I5?
b How canI helpyou?
A: 4) Yes, that's right.
2 A: How did you find the room?
B : Could you tell me how long the journey
n: @ n was dirtyand the viewwas awfu..
is?
b I didn't.
A: Yes.5) It takes around 75 minutes, sir.
3 A: What was wrong with your camping
B: And how much does it cost, please?
holiday?
A : @ t t w a sn o t w h a t I h a di n m i n d . A: It's $35.
b Thecampsite wasgoodenough. B : Great. 6) I would like a ticket for the 8:15
ferry, please.
4 A: I didn'tlikethe coachtrip.
B: a Sowhat do you want usto do?
@ wnatwastheproblem?
a Yes,that'sright
5 A: Excuseme, the sheetsin our room have a Whenwouldyouliketo travel
not beenchanged. a Justa moment, l'llcheck
B: a What do vou mean? a lwouldlikea ticket
@ t'r sorry. l'll send someoneup a HowcanI helpyou
immediately. a It takesaround75 minutes

25
 Writing (a story 1stperson narrative)
Getting started

Read
therubric.
Whatisthestoryabout?
Whoisthestoryabout?
Thestoryisaboutlthebestholidayl'veeverhad.Thestoryisaboutme
rlti

r"i!
Youworkat a teenmagazine. Theeditorhasasked
youto writea shortstoryentitled,
Thebest
holidayI'veeverhad,

Let'slook closer
2 Readthe storyandcompletethe paragraph planwith the headings:
climax
events,
eventsin sequence,
whathappened
in theend/feelings.
i::::'Ai::M
:ffi#.# rr)':'''i:':'
g'1': *ru,mw
W W" were all in good spiritsafter spendingthe whole summer
campingin Europe.ltaly was our final destinationand we were
Introduction
settingup campfor the verylasttime.We werestayingat a fantastic (Para 1) set tbe scene
campsite,big treesshadedour tent. At night you couldhearvoices (wbo, wben, ubere, wbat)
happilychattingin the darkness
and insectsbuzzingin the trees.
@ One evening, we decided to go to a traditional ltalian
restaurant.We had been cookingfor ourselves most nights,so it
seemedlike a realtreat to havesomeoneprepareour mealfor us.
Everyonegot dressedup in their best clothesand we headedoff
towardsthe town. Thefood was delicious. We tuckedinto all kinds (Pata 2) events in sequence
of pasta,pizzasandjuicyfreshfishdishes.Then,afterwe'd finisheo
eatingtherewas a specialdancingdemonstration by someof the
locals.We clappedand cheeredas theywhirledaroundthe dance
floor. Then,they madeus havea go. No one wasverygood but we
had a greattime tryingto get the movesright.
fu Wnenthe musicfinallystoppedwe noticedthat everythingin the
restaurantwasshakingfrom sideto side."QuicklGet underthe tables.
It'san earthquake,"
shoutedone of the waiters.We hadn'tnoticedthe
groundmovingbeforeaswe hadbeenconcentrating on dancingl
W W" were tremblingwith fear by the time the earthquakewas
over.lt only lasteda minute,but it seemedlikemuchlonger.Luckily,
Conclusion
no one was injuredand the restaurant wasn'tdamaged,apartfrom (Pan 4) what happened in the
a few brokenplatesand glasses. One thing is certainthough, my end/ narrator's feelings
friendsand I will alwaysrememberthe night when our dancing
nearlybroughtthe housedown!
, ,,,t,:r: I r,

Linkers
3 Linkthe sentences.
Usethe words in bracketsin the correcttense. (Seesuggested
Answers
section)
1 Thejourneyended.We got off the boat.(assoon as)
2 Theboatwassailing. We wereeatingice-cream on the deck.(while)
3 | was driving.I hearda loud noise.(when)
4 Theplanehit someturbulence. Thepilotmadean announcement (after)
5 | bookedmy flight.I lookedat travelwebsiteson the Internet.(assoon as)
26
 4 the correctpasttense.
Readthe extractbelowandunderline Matchthe beginnings of the
storiesto the endingsandsay
whichtechniques havebeen
As I tl was driving/had drove home,it 2f started/was usedin eachone.
starting to rain.Suddenlythe road3f was becoming/became (SeeSuggestedAnswers Section)
'reryslippery.
Then,outof nowherea dog4f 1an/wasrunning out Beginnings
ln frontof thecar.Thedog 5l had disappeareO/aisep@9.
jiom viewand | 6) was slammed/slammed on the brakes. "Don't walk under a
ladder.lt's bad luck." my
Lttcki|y,|7}learnea@howtodriveindangerous
grannyusedto say.
conditions and | 8f was stopping/gletped veryquickly.As I
gl got/was getting outof thecar,thedog l0| was wagging/
I2-tal Why.for no reason
at all,
Eggg! histail.Hewasabsolutely fine.
do you feel scaredwhen
youwalkintosomerooms?
to beginyour story
Techniques
It wasso quiet,I couldhear
An interesting
beginning ending.
is as importantasan interesting
my stomachrumbling.We
An interestingbeginningwill catch the reader'sattention and
were all lylngon the floor
make him/herwant to continuereading.A good endingwill
as the bank robberstook
makehim/herfeelsatisfied.
the money.
Youcan STARTyourstoryby:
a) usingyour sensesto set the sceneand describe the weather,
Endings
atmosphere,surroundings or people's
actionsto createmystery
or susoense. A The man behind the
| rysulrj
ke*r rfu wintihautilng *r*u*d me.ltvtr;squiteS6vllfostnight counter had savedus all
andit frlt strs,nqe all #"1*n*"
t* br *ut in thev'tiklern*ss with his bravery.
We were
b) usingdirectspeech. grateful.
all extremely
'Always rsn
!a*k rk€briqhtsider;{li{e,kids,'f'ArFrisb*inusedt* rcllus.
c) asking a rhetoricalquestion.i.e. a questionthat does not I often think back and
reoutrean answer. laughto myself.I met my
Hcvey*u everfrave.llerj
hy truln*fi {t w#rmsuntmernight"? husband because he
d) addressingthe readerdirectly. droppeda pot of painton
I *r* surey*uul{kn{}vs'wh*t
a barga!nis. me while he was painting
e) referringto your feelingsor moods. a window frame. Just as
lw*s erheusted
betcuselh*d b*ensharspinq
sll{}{ternoor:. well l'm not superstitious!

to end your story

Techniques I can still hear the words
of the fortuneteller and
Youcanendyourstoryby: shudder to myself.
a) usingdirectspeech. "Bewarethe houseof the
'ltsgaingt* be right,' risingsun,"shehadsaid.
*ll .juhnsa,iC t* me.
b) referringto yourfeelingsor moods.
Weweretrembling"tvith fe.nrhutwewerehappyt* besliv*" Yourturn
c) askinga rhetorical question.
', 1l/hydoesit shwuys ha't*r* bt s*rltfffrulr?' 6 Youreditor at University
Magazine
ron) d) people's hasaskedyou to write a story
I describing reactionsto/feelingsabout the events
entitled Thehappiest
dayof mylife
i developed in the mainbody.
'pr**r}a{ (80-100 words).UseEx.2 asyour
I Uyfnt*erhndberamc thehera*f therlayand!wasextremely
1 " .
modelandtry to makeyour
I ntffi"
storyinterestingby usingthe
techniques mentioned above.
(SeeSuggestedAnswers Section)
27
 Liveand 2 Crossthe oddwordout, asin the example.

1 nursery,secondary hlg-. ::iD*fi€etiol:K

learn 2
3
4
@et(v, gym,libraryac
private,primaryp}ftE{r, state
headmaster; headteacheltutor,bu*€
5 certificate,
diploma, degree, amb€@n
6 seminar,lecture,class,
D:(
VocabularyPractice 7 classmates,pupils,students, 5!{s
Education
3 Matchthe wordsin the columns then use
themto fill in the gapsin the sentences
below.
Fillin the gapswith the wordsbelow.
. ordinary. well-behaved t]]-el social a attention
. relyon r lifechangrng l-zfd-lenrol b subjects
. improved. value Fl-ft h i g h c school
. commented . compulsory FTgI gooo d on a course
. of itskind . treat trTb-]
school e situations
. respecto instruct reTrlpayrng f marks
rrFt pflvare g manners
Summerhill school trTF]playing h fields
is not a(n)
1) ordinaryschool.
Also knownas
the only'free
school'2) of its
kindin the UK,
Summerhill is all
aboutfreedom.At
Summerhill lessonsare not
3) compulsory. lf a pupildoesn'tlikemaths,he
or she can choosenot to go to classes.That of
coursedoesn'tmeanthat a pupilcan alwaysdo
as he or she likes.Thereare 190rulesat Manypeopledo not know how to behavein
Summerhill and one of the firstthingsteachers certainsocialsituations.
4) instructchildrento do is to 5) treat each I think l'll enrolon a courseto improvemy
otherwith 6) respect.As a result,pupilsare German.
7) well-behaved and 8) valuegood manners. There'sa greatvarietyof schoolsubjectson
Pupilssay that studyingat Summerhill can be offerat Eton.
9) lifechanging.'Learning to 10)relyon Schools that teach good manners have
ourselvesto makedecisionsis somethingthat becomeverypopularin recentyears.
we wouldn'tlearnin an ordinaryschool,' Gettinghigh marksin all subjectswill help
11)commentedfourteen-year-old pupilJo you get an interviewat Oxfordor Cambridge.
Whitley.Parentsare also enthusiastic. Poppywas not payingattentionin classso
'Summerhill she couldn't answerany of the professor's
has 12)improvedour daughters'
mannerssaidone of them.'ltis a greatschool!' 0ue$rons.
Charlottestudiesat a(n) private school in
Switzerland.
t +*.
"4,.,*,-
"o,-+r".**q,. "' *-%hq\,sq*Mj+is,\@.+s,+6asre+\q.qo,q.p,#"% !@ td@r.h4'
8 All new studentsto St Paul'sSchoolwere
shown the library,classroomsand playing
fields
28
 4 Usethewordsin boldto rewritethesentences 6 Circle
thecorrect
word.
usingthecorrect
idiom.
graduatedl@on
1 susanna a newcourse
Soniahas learnedthe ooem so well that she in ChildPsychology.
can rememberit without havingto readit. studylong hours
Studentsat HarvardUniversity
heart Soniahaslearned the poemby heart. andhavea verydemandingschedule/@
I won't makethe samemistakeaqainbecause Paul graduatedwith a course/@ in
I havelearnedfrom it. Engineeringfrom McGillUniversity.
lessonI won't makethe samemistakeagain 4 ril""n *ur@/relied by herteachers
becauseI havelearnedmy lesson. to applyto medicalschool.
I only met Tessaa month ago but I feel like . 5 We attendedu@/esson on Maths.
know her extremely
well. 6 rfreCdelAtiib/closefor the essayis Monday.
a monthago but I can
book I onlymet Tessa 7 A teacher/(JtdbgivesAndrew privatelessons
readher likea book. everyFridayevening.
I had no idea that Brian'soarentsare world 8 My brotherPatrickis learning/@for a
famous-writers. I guess,I learna new thing degreein Science
everydayl 9 Tina*.t@/dropped by bulliesat
live I had no ideathat Brian'sparentsare school.
world famouswriters I quessvou live 1o tt comments/@to beseenwhetherthis
a n dl e a r n! will be beneficial.

7 Completewith the correctpreposition.

Word Formation
1 Shesookewith her mouthfull of food.
Usethe suffixesto form nounsfromthe words
2 Robertalwaysgets the blame for whatever
the
in the list.Usethe nounsto complete
bad happensin class.
sentences.
3 Mrs Sullivanis very popularwith all her
. dance. collecto piano students.
-or . examine. operate 4 Shegrew up valuinggood manners.
'\€#t!
. music. organise 5 Herbrotherstudiesat BristolUniversitv.
. comedy. create
. perform

1 Russianballet dancer Rudolf Nureyevwas Phrasalverbs

tn b o r ni n 1 9 3 8a n dd i e di n 1 9 9 3 . 8 Fill in: fake, let, go, break,settlein the correct
2 The telephonein Mr Perkins's officeis always form.
ny answeredby the operator.
1 A: You shouldn't be upset about coming
3 Rupert Montague is a great collector of
secondin the race.
French19th centurypaintings.He hasover50
B: I know but I feel that I havelet everyone
of them.
0own
4 BritishcomedianRowanAtkison,alsoknown
2 A: How did shereactto the news?
as Mr Bean,isverypopularin Japan.
3lp B: Shebrokedown andcried.
5 Meredith Brown is the organiserof many
3 A: I took your number down incorrectly.
international
art exhibitions.
SO Couldyou repeatit for me, please?
6 Arthur ConanDoyleis the creatorof Sherlock
)r's B: Of course.lt's 212 015694.
Holmes.
4 A: Housepricesare not as highthisyear.
7 The pianist gave a fine performanceof
tn B: Yes,they havegonedown by 15o/o.
Beethoven's'Moonlight Sonata'.
5 A: All the houseworkhasbeendone and the
8 A(n)perfomeris a personwho actsor singsin
ere childrenhaveleft for school.
front of an audience.
Ing B. Good, now I can settle down to my
writing.
29
 Grammarin Use 6 "l am half-English,
ha f-:a ran."Bobsaid.Bob
said(that)he waVisra '-:"9 ish,half-ltalian.
Reportedspeechstatements
7 "We arein oursecondyrear of highschool,"said
Fill in: soy, tell or askinthe correctform. BillandAndrew.Billanc Fncr€wsaid(that)they
1 lcan't sayfor sure,but lthink Lynnis already were/arein theirsecondyearof highschool
lookingfor a newjob. 8 "l haven'twritten my essayyet," said Rachel.
2 The teachersaid he was disappointed with Rachelsaid(that)shehadn'twrittenheressav
vet.
our examresults.
3 They said they had a wonderfultime in
Reported questions/commands/orders
Cambridge:
4 And now I would like to say a few words 3 Turnthefollowing
sentences
intoreported
aboutthe summerschoolplay. questions,
asintheexample.
5 Laurasaidthat shehasenrolledon a creative
1 "ls Brianwell-behaved?" MrsGardneraskeo.
writingcourse.
MrsGsrdnerasked
if Brianwssvvell-behsved"
6 He askedfor theirhelpbut therewas nothing
2 "Can you help me out with this Maths
theycoulddo.
problem?"Leanorasked.Leanoraskedif I
7 ProfessorJonespromisedto tell us why he
couldhelpherout with the Mathsproblems.
from hisjob.
had resigned
3 "Whereisthe nearesttrainstation?"sheasked.
8 Sheasksfor favoursall the time. I find it reallv
Sheaskedwherethe nearest trainstationwas
annoytng.
4 "Will you pick me up from the airportat
9 "Of course,
l'myourbestfriend,"shesaidto me.
10:00?"he asked.He askedif I would orcr
10 Sheasked(told)Tim to meet her outsidethe
him up fromthe airportat 10:00
crnemaat 7:00.
5 "What are your plans for tomorrow?" Paul
Reportedspeechstatements asked.Paulaskedwhat mv 0lanswerefor rne
next day.
2 Turnthe followingsentences
into reported
6 "Do you preferclassical
musicto jazz?" Dan
speech.
askedme. Dan asked if I preferredclassical
musicto jazz
"Are you goingto university
in September?"
Abby asked.Abby askedme if I was goingto
universityin September.
"You'd betterwake up earlytomorrow,"Tim
said.Tim told me that I had betterwake up
l'm studying
earlythe nextday
veryhardfor
"Could you lend me your car?" John said.
my exams.
Johnaskedme if I couldlendhim my car
1 0 "Be nicerto yoursisters,"Mrs Bakersaid.Mrs
verykard {*r 'rris
T*m sairl {that)he vr*s srur:lying
Bakertold me to be nicerto my sisters.
{x{}m5.
"l studiedEnglishat BristolUniversity," 1 1 "Clearup the messin the livingroom," Zoe
Laura
said.Laurasaid(that)shehad studiedEnqlisn said.Zoetold me to clearup the messin the
livingroom.
at BristolUniversity.
Leahsaid,"l havebeena teacherfor ten years."
12 "Put that down," Sallysaid.Sallytold me to
put rt down.
Leahsaid(that)shehasbeena teacherfor ten
years. 1 3 "Don't be late tomorrow" Liam'sbosssaic.
Ann said,"l was doing the gardeningwhen it Liam'sbosstold him not to be latethe nexr
startedraining."Ann said(that) she had been 0ay.
'l4 "You
must finish the report today," Mr
doingthe gardening whenit (had)started
raining
"l will enrolon a Musiccourse,"saidTina.Tina C a n n o ns a i d .M r C a n n o nt o l d m e t h a t I h a d
to finishthe reportthat day.
said(that)shewould enrolon a Musiccourse
30
,,rrn Turnthe followingtext into DirectSpeech.
(SeeSuggeste_d
AnswersSection)
6 Timistalkingto histeacherabouthislow
The studentadvisoraskedPaulwhy he thoughthe
didn'tdo well in the exams.Paulsaidthat there
weremanyreasonsbehindhispoor performance.
Fleexplained
that first of all,he hada fearof exams.
ThestudentadvisoraskedPaulto tell himwhat
caused the fear.Pauladmittedthat he foundit
difficultto organisehistime andthat he didnt pay
attentionin class.As a result,he alwaysfelt
u:nprepared.The studentadvisorsuggested that Paul
spendmoretime in the libraryandkeepa daily
schedule
ofthe thingshe needed to do.Paulsaid
that he hadalwayswantedto organisehistime but
didn'tknow how to. He agreedto keepa schedule
andorganisehistime.Thestudentadvisorasked
himto meetwith him againthe followingweek.
"\//hyd* y*u thinky*u didn'td* wellin therr;;;,;
.^iestadentadvisrsrnsk*r:j
Paul.
Reportingverbs
Usetheverbs
inthelistto report
the
sentences.
. promise. suggest. explain. deny. ask
"Please turn down the music,"Philipsaidto
7 Completethe secondsentencesothat it meansthe
)oyce.lthilipcskedJ*yreta turndowntfu rnusie"
"Let's go to the Picassoexhibition,"Susan
saidto me. Susansuggested (that)we golour
goingto the Picassoexhibition.
3 "l didn'tbreakthe porcelain
vase,"Evelyn
said.
Evelyn deniedbreakingthe porcelain
vase.
4 "l will improvemy manners," Jennysaid.Jenny
promised (that)shewouldimprovehermanners.
5 "Lauracan't cometo the partyas she hasan
exam tomorrow" lan said. lan explained
(that)Lauracouldn'tgo to the partyas she
hadan examthe followingday.
6 "Let'sgiveAndy a call,"saidRichard.Richard
suggested (that)we give/ourgivingAndya call.
7 "l will sendyou a postcardfrom Saltzburg,"
Claudiasaid. Claudiapromised(that) she
would sendme a postcardfrom Saltzburg
8 "This laptop is very easyto use as it is the
latest technology," he said. He explained
(that) the laptop was very easyto use as it
wasthe latesttechnoloov.
Reportingmodalverbs
gradesandhow to improvethem.Turnwhat
the teachersaidinto reportedspeech.
"You will haveto work harderif you want to
improveyourgrades,"the teachersaid.He said
thatTimwouldhaveto workharderif hewanteo
to improvehisgrades.
"You must organiseyour day moreeffectively,"
he said.He saidthat Tim musVhad to orqanise
hisdaymoreeffectively.
"A tutor canhelpyou in the evenings,"
he said.
He said that a tutor could helo Tim in the
evenrngs.
"Youhaveto spendmoretime in the library,"he
said.Hesaidthat Timhadto spendmoretime in
the library
"You will haveto pay moreattentionin class,"
hesaid.HesaidthatTimwouldhaveto oavmore
attentionin class.
6 "Youcanaskme for helpwheneveryou want,"
he said.Hesaidthat llm couldaskhim for help
wheneverhewanted
7 "Youshouldmakea planbeforeyoustartwriting
your essays," he said.He saidthat Tim should
makea planbeforehe startedwritinghisessays
Sentencetransformations
sameasthe first. Useno morethan three rnords.
1 "Let'senrolon an eveningcoursewith lmperial
College,"Barrysaidto me.
Barrysuggested our enrolling/that
we enrol
on an eveningcoursewith lmperial College.
2 "l will handin my finalyeartheslsbeforethe
d e a d l i n e .I "s a i d .
I promised that I would handin my finalyear
thesisbeforethe deadline.
3 I will neverfailmy examsagain.I havelearned
from my mistake.
I havelearnedmy lessonand I will neverfail
my examsagatn.
our parentswhen she
4 My sisterdisappointed
droppedout of college.
My sister let our parentsdown when she
droppedout of college.
5 " l appliedto the University
of Oxford," Mikesaid.
Mikesaidthat he hadappliedto the University
of
oxford.
31
 Reading
Readthe text and choosethe correctanswer(A-C)for questions1-5.

1 What is the author'smain purposein writing @ Shu travelledthe world as an author anc
the text? soeaKer.
A to presentus with a short biographyof D Shemovedto Alabama.
HelenAdamsKeller
4 Helenwas an exceptionalpersonbecause
B to talk about the success
a deaf and blind /:\
oersoncanachievein life Q!) shemanagedto achievegreatthings.
B she was the first blind and deaf oersonto
C ao explain
why HelenAdamsKelleris such
write a book.
an Insptnng person
C she was the first blind and deaf oersonto
D to describe personality
HelenAdamsKeller's
graduatefrom college.
What would a reader learn about Anne D she raisedfundsfor blindand deaf peoplein
Sullivanfrom the text? America.
A Shewas likea sisterto Helen.
5 Which is the best descriptionof Helen?
@ Sfrewas Helen'steacherand closefriend.
C Shewasverycloseto Helen.
blindness to achivegreatthings
anddeafness
D Shewasan inspiration
for Helen.
B la blind and deaf authorwho travelled
What did Helendo after she graduatedfrom over39 countries
college? C lan exceptional blind woman who
A Shewent to Massachusetts. er andauthor
B Shewrote lheSforyofmyLife. a gifted blindand deaf authorand speaker

elen Adams Kellerwas born in Alabama in 1880 Radcliffe College. In 1903, she wrote an
IJ
I I and died in 1968. Helen became deaf and blind autobiographicalbook calTedThe Snry of my Life.ln
after a short childhood illnesswhen she was 19 months 1904,Helen graduated from Radcliffe College becoming
old. In 1886, aged six, Helen was introduced to Anne the first deaf and blind person to graduate from college.
Sullivan, a twenty-year-old teacher who was partially Helen became famous all over the world as an author
blind. Anne was the first person to teach Helen the and speaker and travelled to over 39 countries with
meaning of words. The first word that Helen learned Anne. Anne Sullivan died in 1936.Helen devoted the
was 'water' which Anne taught her by running cool rest of her life to raising funds for blind and deaf
water over her palm. Anne also taught Helen how to people in America. In 1960, she published another
speakby touching the lips and throats of other people, book, entitled Light in my Darkness.She died in June,
which is known as the Tadoma method. Helen was 1968in Connecticut.
very close to Anne, and called her 'Teacher'. They
Helen Keller will always be remembered as an
remained closefriends and companionsfor 49 years.
exceptional person who overcame her blindness and
In 1894,Helen and Anne moved to New York to study deafnessto achieve great things. As she always
said,
at the Wright-Humason School for the Deaf. In 1898, 'The best and most beautiful things in the
world
Helen entered The Cambridge School for Young Ladies cannot be seen or even touched. Thev must
be felt
in Massachusetts and in 1900 she was admitted to within the heart.'
32
 Listening& Speaking A: Couldyou pleasehelpme with the Science
project?
EveningCourses B: a Yes,you could.

Youwill hearinformation regarding @ ves,certainly.

eveningcourses. information
Fillin the missing A: Couldyougivemea lift to the shops,please?
in the numbered spaces. I preferwalking.
B: a Actually,
@ Sorry,l'm not takingthe car.

Telephone etiquette
THE EVENINGCOLLEGE
Completethe telephone
conversation
with the
offersevening1) languagecourses. sentences
below.

ENROLLTODAYANDSAVET2O . Whoisspeaking, please

. l'lljustgethimforyou
COURSES on offer:French,ltalian,2) Spanish, . Wouldyouliketo leavea message
;;t
"'-l .
Greekand3) Portuguese HowcanI helpyou
nqsI .
- l
Great.l'd appreciate
it
.l All our 4) teachersare nativespeakerswith a
I minimumof 4 years'5) teachingexpeTience.
-:t
l Coursesstartin 6) Septemberand consistof a
Good moming. National Gallery.
m totalof 28 lessons.
I) How can I help you?
__.1Enrollment:Up until7) August31st B : Hello! May I speak to Mr Byrne, please?
A: 2) Who is speakingplease?
Tel:02072240714 B : This is Helena Bell, Mr BynTe'ssister.
e-mail:language@evening
college.co.uk A: One moment, Mrs Bell. 3) I'll just get him
for you.
B : Thankyou.
A: Im afraid IMr Byrne is not answering his
phone. 4) Wouldyoulike to leavea message?
B : Yes, thank you. Could you please ask
Polite requests- agreeing/
him to call me?
disagreeing
A: Of course. I'll make sure Mr BynTegets
Circle
thecorrect
sentence. the message.
an
.In 5) Great.I'd appreciateit.
1 A: a Canyou giveme your dictionary?
ring
@ CouldI borrowyour dictionary?
)ge.
B: Yes.of course.
lhor
with Couldyou lendme f 10?
the @ t'* afraidI can't. I only havef5 in my
leaf wallet.
ther b Actually,I don't do that.
[ng,
3 A:@ Wouldyou mindhandingout the
photocopies,
please?
an
and b Handout the photocopies,
now.
;aid, l'm afraid I can't. Mrs Soundersaskedto
orld seeme in her office.
felt
 Writing (a for-and-against
essay)
Gettingstarted
Readthe rubricandunderline
the keywords.Thinkof reasons
forandagainst
boardingschools
and
completethe spidergrams.

o' Yourteacherhasaskedyouto writean essaydiscussing

the positiveandneoative
aspects
of goingto
$a.boardingschoo|.Writeyoures5ay.*pt.iningwhatitlslit.@schoo|mostof
Y the year.
more excellent more childrenfeel
independent
facilities expenStve
students verylonely

pupilsareencouraged
I
to pupilsfrom poorer
takepartin manyactivities familiesfeelinsecure
Let's look closer

2 a' Readtheessay belowandcompletetheparagraphplanwiththeheadings. Howmanyof yourideas

canyoufindin theessay? (ss,own
answers)
' advantages
& justifications/example5
r youfopinion. disadvantages
& justifications/examples

@w flore and more parentstoday chooseto send

theirchildren
to boardingschool.Butwhereas some
childrenenjoythe experience,
othersfind it difficult
and unpleasant.So,what reallyare the advantages
and disadvantagesof boardingschools?

@ There are certainadvantagesto attendinga

boardingschool.To start with, pupilslearnto rely
on themselves and maketheir own decisions.As a
.result,
they become more independent. (Para 2) advantages
Furthermore, boarding schools have excellent
facilitiessuch as swimming pools, theatres and
cinemasand pupilsare encouraged
to take part in
, InOh!activities.

@ llowever, living in a boardingschoolhas its

" disadvantages. The main drawbackis that children
feel verylonelywhen they are separatedfrom their
parents and other family members.Also, the (Para 3) disadvantages
majorityof boardingschool studentscome from
wealthy families.As a result, pupils from poorer
familiesmight feelinsecure
or isolated.

W ln conclusion,goingto boardingschoolhasits
advantagesand disadvantages.I believe that
parentsshould researchand discussthe pros and Conclusion
'consto determineif boardingschools (Pan 4) vour opinion
are right for
theirchildren
and family

b. Underline
thetopicsentences
in themainbodyparagraphs
of theessay.
Canyouthinkof alternative
ones? (SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
34
 :or-and-against'essaysare one type of discursive 4 Readthe extracts
belowandsaywhichare
',rrting in which you discussthe advantages/ begi;rnings
andwhichareendings.
Then
identifythe writing technique(s)
that has/have
: sadvantages of a specifictopic.A 'for-and-against'
been used in each.(SeeSuggestedAnswersSection)
=.sayshouldconsistof:
' an introductionin which you presentthe topic, Have you ever thought how many toxic and
--aking general
a remarkabout it without giving chemicalsubstances are to be found in our
l.ir optnton; shampoos, deodorants and creams? According to
: a main body in which you presentthe pointsfor a recentstatistic.98o/o
of the toiletrieswe useare
:-d against,in separateparagraphs, supporting verydangerous to our health.So.doesthat mean
3.r
,, r argu j
mentswith ustifications/examples; that we shouldstopusingtoiletries
altogether?
: a conclusionwhichincludes youropinion(e.9.ln
'r^yopinion/view,
I believe/think,
etc) or a balanced In my opinion,there are many points against
-irmmaryof the topic. dieting.Besides, as CyrilConnolysaid,'The one
r You must not includeopinionwords(l believe,I way to get thin isto re-establish
a purposein life.'
:^ink, etc) in the introductionor the main body.
More and more peopletoday choosenot to have
3pinionwordscan be usedin the final paragraph,
children.Most peoplethink that a life without
.',rereyou maystateyouropinion.
childrenmust be terriblylonely.but is that really
n'For-and-against' essaysare normallywritten in
the case? Having no children has both its
lformal style; therefore you should,avoid using
advantagesand disadvantages.
;trong language(l know, I am sure, etc), short
i:ltences,colloquialexpressions
or idioms. Tosum up, I believetherearemoreadvantages than
rDu can find this type of writing in articles, disadvantages abroad.After all, if you
to travelllng
- :wspapers,
magazines, etc. don't traveland exposeyourselfto differentcultures,
you will shutyourselfoff from the restof the world.
Linkers As St. Augustinesaid,'Theworld is a book, and
Replacethelinkers with thosewho do not travelreadonlyone page.'
in boldin theessay
thefollowing. (SeeSuggested Answers
Section)
Yourturn
r Toconclude. Firstly
. Inaddition
a. Usethe ideasbelowto discuss the prosand
r Forthisreasono Ontheotherhand
consof studyingin a foreigncountry.Use
. Consequently. 1t71or.ou.r
appropriate
' linkers.
(SeeSuggested Answers Section)
Pros
Techniquesto begin or end your essay . exoerience differentculture
. become moreooenandtolerant
r'c attract the reader'sinterest and make the
. makenewfriends of differentnationalities
beginningor endingof your essaymore effective, Justification
/ou canusesomeof the followingtechniques: o learnthe history, customs, language, etc
a includea rhetoricalquestion expand horizons
. accentthat ncooleare differentand have
Isit truethat a greatteachercanchangeyourlife?
b addressthe readerdirectly different customs,beliefs,etc
. become international
andcosmopolitan
lf you are potient and caring,you will have more
Cons
chances of becominga greatteacher . missfamily/friends
c includea quotation (i.e.a sentenceor phrase . difficultto adaptto newwayof life
taken from a book, play,etc).When we usea o spenda lot of time on your own, without
quotation,it is necessaryto mentionthe name emotional supportfromfamily
of the personwho said/wroteit. . newcustoms completely to yours
different
AsG.KChesterton said,'Education
issimflythesoulof
a societyasit passes
fromonegeneration
to another' b. Useyouranswers
in Ex.5ato writeyouressay
/e (120-150 (See
words). 5uggested
AnswersSection)
)n)
35
 Weird&
wonderful
VocabularyPractice
Fillin thegapswiththeappropriate
words.
o countless . horn. popular. haunting
. killing. mythical
. speedr protect
r treasures . deaths

fill4 eoplehavealwayslovedmythsand
lL throughout historytherehavebeen
llcountlessstoriesaboutdragons,unicornsand
other2f mythicalcreatures. Somemythsare about
beautiful sirensthatpullsailorsto their3| deathswith
their4l haunting songs.Othersareaboutbravemen
5| killingdragons whowatchoverpriceless 6f treasures.
Thentherearethoseaboutthe unicornwithitswhitecoatandits magical7f horn.In the Mediterranean andthe
MiddleEastthereareotherstories of griffins
withthesightand8f speedof eagles job
andwhose itwasto 9) protect
riches. Eachandeverycountry intheworldhasitsownsetof mythsthathavebeenpassed downfromgenerationto
generation andwhichcontinueto be l0f popular withchildren
andadultstoday,

2 Circle
thecorrect
word.
1 Some mythicalcreatures*.r. (6-rriE) I
unaffectedto anypoison.
2 AncientGreekgods*ere6moFdD/vaIuable
3 In Greekmythologythe Sphinxwould kill
thosewho couldnot solveher(iiici'le)
lpuzzle.
The Hydra'snine heads*ere @l
pointedto a longneck.
5 Giantswere@/scared by peoplebecause
theywerecruelandmeancreatures.
6 The Sirenswouldsingsongstrickingsailors
into€t6EEDVdriving theirshipsto rocks.
7 Somepeopleweremovingl@*ith fear
asthe giantenteredthe village.
The sailors@l.t'attered their feet in
time to the musicof the Sirens.
Asthe childrenapproached the cave,the dragon
knocteal(6wnEd.
36
10 thunder(ffrbiEclyrattled
overthe darkforests
andmountains.
Crossthe oddwordout, asin the example.
1 petrified,terrified,*nau@, frightened
2 ecstatic,sFedy,pleased, happy
3 surprised, ifu*6nt, shocked, amazed
4 chattering, shaking, r$*i(9, trembling
5 rlfih, sphinx,centaur, hydra
6 strength,courage, powel tFs(e
7 lDn€n, vast,gigantic,huge
8 mean,nasty,bad,sffi
4 Fillinthecorrect
preposition.
Tom trembledwith fear when he saw the
ghost.
Therewas no escapefrom the dangerslying
ahead.
 We were all surprisedat how brave and 7 We could hear the floorboardsfrom the
fearless
shewas. u p s t a ifrlsa t. . . . . . . . . .
4 Theherodiedfrom a swordwound.
@ creaking B rumbling C cracklrng
5 Chrisgaspedwith horrorat the sightof the 8 lt wassocoldmyteethwere..........
.
giantbear.
@ chattering B crackling C creaking
Shewasso happyshewas smilingfrom earto
EOt.
9 Thefirewas allnioht.
7 He was as white as a sheet after the @ crackling B firing C rattling
earthouake. 10 Bodylanguageis as important as
8 Laurenisfondof ancientGreekmyths. ranguage.
9 Paulhasa collectionof sciencefictionbooks.
@ verbal B voice C speaking
10 TheSphinxisassociated with ancientGreece.
ldioms

Fill in: frightenedthe lifeout of, livein fear of,
scoredto death of, fight to thedeath.
1 A: How did Laurafindthe horrorfilmT
B: Shedidn'tlikeit at all.tt friqhtened
the life
out of her.
2 A: Areyou comingwith usto the snakeshop
on Sunday?
B: l'm afraid.I can't come. I am scaredto
re deathof snakes.
ot 3 A : Paulloveshischildrendearly, doesn'the?
:o B : Yes,he would fight to the deathto protect
them.
4 A : Lifein SierraLeoneisverydangerous.
7 Fillin the the correctword.
1 He had to sweat blood to become a
multimillionaire.
2 Herarrogantbehaviourmakesmy bloodboil.
3 | might fight with my brother but we love
eachotherto bits.As theysay,bloodis thicker
than water.
4 Thepooranimalwas killedin coldblood.
5 Don't expect to get any informationfrom
lt's likegettingbloodout of a stone.
Susanna.
8 Fill in: petrified, delighted, bored, shocked.

B : I know. Peoplelive in fear of losingtheir 1 We wereall delightedto hearthe good news.

lives. 2 I can'twatchTV all day;I get so bored.
3 Janewas petrifiedwhen shesawthe snake.
6 Circlethe correctanswer. 4 The peoplewere shockedwhen they heard
aboutthe planecrash.
1 The strongwind has been blowing
sincethismorning.
A continually @ continuously Phrasalverbs
C continuing Fillin come,pull,get,hand,toke,in the correct
9
tense.
on the floor
1 Thetaxidriverpulledoverto the sideof the
A lied @trv C laid
roao.
3 Liam'sbehaviour
isout of
l've read in the newspaperthat a Spanish
A check B test
@ control companywill takeoverBritishAirways.
I lovethispartof town.lt meof Paris. 3 Janehandedovera letterof apologyto lan.
@ reminds B remembersC informs 4 What has come over her? She is actinq so
Thedust up in a cloudaroundus. strangely!
@ rose B risen C raised It took him yearsto get over his parents'
he T h ew i n d w a s . . . . . . . .a. .n d t h e l e a v ew
s ere divorce.

ng A rattling
... howling@howling... rustling
C howling... rattling
37
 Grarnmarin Use Fillin the correctrelativepronoun.Putcommas
wherenecessary. WriteD for defining,writeND
Relative clauses for non-defining. and saywhetherthe relative
Userelativepronouns/ pronoun/adverb canbe omittedor not.
adverbsto complete 1 MarthaGraham,who was one of America's
thesentences 1-6 most importantchoreographers, died in New
with phrasesfrom :: Yorkin 1991. (ND,cannotbeomitted)
the box. :,'i 2 Maria,who is gettingmarriednextweek,isan
old friendof mine.(ND,cannotbe omitted)
3 The girl who the headmaster expelledfrom
schoolis NoraSmith.(D,canbe omitted)
4 BillJones.
who studiedat the sameuniversity
as
. sheisthelifeandsoulof a party my father;hasbecomethe new managerof the
o hiscostume RitzHotelin Madrid.(ND,cannotbe omitted)
wonthescariestcostumeorize
o mostpeoplego on holiday 5 The Halloweencostumethat Lornais wearing
. wonfourOscar awardsin 2005 belongsto my sisterPat.(D, can be omitted)
. it iscelebrated
on the31stof October 6 That's the boy whose father used to be a
. shehasbeenbefore famousathlete.(ND,cannotbe omitted)
7 The books which were on my desk were
Halloweenis a festivalwhithiscelebrstedon the (ND,cannotomitted)
removedby the librarian.
31stafActober.
8 The hotel where we stayedlast year doesn't
Lauraisthe kindof girlwhoisthe lifeandsoul (D,cannotbe omitted)
havea goodreputation.
of a party.
9 2004 was the year when they held the
'Million
DollarBaby'is the film that won four (D,canbe omittted)
OlympicGames.
Oscars in 2005.
10 That'sthe bag whose strap is broken.(ND,
4 Stevewas the one whose costumewon the
cannotbe omittec.
costumeprize.
scariest
4 Jointhe sentencesusingrelativepronouns/adverbs.
5 Emmadoesn'twant to travelto a olacewhere (SeeSuggested AnswersSection)
shehasbeenbefore. Laurais talkingto a man.He repairedhercar
6 Augustisthe monthwhen mostpeoplego on yesterday.
holidays. Laurais talkingta the man who repairedher car
yesterday.
2 Circle
thecorrect pronoun.
relative 2 That'sthe hotel.We stayedtherelastsummer.
1 Brian is the student@ /whose always 3 We went backto the shop.My sisterwasthere.
askinga lot of questions
in class. 4 Thisisthe car.He drivesto work in it everyday.
2 She is the girl@ /who's mother is a 5 That'sthe village.Mary'sson livesthere.
neurosurgeon at St Thomas'Hospital. 6 Thisisthe girl.Hercookingis brilliant!
3 This is the house@ /who the smiths 7 It'sDecember.
TheSwedeshavea festivalthis
boughtlastmonth. month.
He was shoutingat the driver@/who's 8 Shehasa beautifulnecklace.
lt usedto belono
carhadbrokendown in the middleof the roao. to hermother.
The village@/which he was born is 20 9 There'sthe lady Herdaughterlivesin ltaly,
milesfrom Edinburgh. 10 That'sthe spookyhouse.lt hasa ghost.
1979was the year@/which we movedto Word Formation
Argentina.
5 Fillin the blankswith adjectivesderivedfrom
the street@/which she livesis one of the words in bold.(SeeSuggested AnswersSection)
the mostexoensive streetsin London.
1 Madonnais a very singer. SUCCESS
It was this time last year where/@hEh we
2 Johnis a very boy. HELP
first met.
3 T h en e w sI e f tu s . . . . . . SPEECH
38 4 Sheis a very ... woman. BEAUW
 Comparatives
and Superlatives 8 A: Pablbisn'tverysociable.
VD B: No but todayhe'smoretalkative(talkative)
Haveyou seenPrideandPrejudice?
Complete than l'veeverseenhim.
thesentences
withthe
correct
formof the adjective Fillinwiththecorrect
formof thewordin
l )

in brackets. 8
}W brackets.
Mr BingleY is morePolite Come and visit one of 1) the.m*st e/i;titlg
an (polite)than Mr DarcY. (exciting)countriesin the world - Peru,where
Elizabethis Younger (Young) the peopleare 2) more hospitable(hospitable)
rm thanJane. than anywhereelse.You will seesomeof 3) the
Mrs Bennet is the loudest oldest(old) sitesin the world, as well as 4) the
di
(loud)characterin the film' most modern (modern) citieswith 5) the best
ne in the
Mr Wickhamisthe worst (bad)character (good)restaurants
in SouthAmerica.
film. To maketravelarrangements6) easier(easy),our
rg Elizabeth (clever)personIn ner
is the cleverest tour includesguidedvisitsto some of 7) the
) family. mostfamous(famous)colonialcitiesin Peru.You
a Mr Darcyis richer(rich)than Mr Bingley' will also get the opportunityto explorethe lost
beautiful
7 Mr DarcY nas got the most city of Machu Picchu- one of 8) the most
re (beautiful)houseElizabeth haseverseen'
interesting(interesting)sitesin South America.
more
Mr Darcy thinks that Elizabeth is
.l\
Our companyofferstailor-madetours for even
I t
attractive(attractive)than MissBingley' 9) the smallest (small) groups. We provide
0/
accommodationin family hotels which offer
1e
10)friendlier(friendly)servicethan the larger,
-) Complete theexchanges withthecorrect
form morecrowdedones.
of the adjective/adverb
in brackets.
1 A: Stella takes her work more seriouslv
Sentence
transformations
)5.
n) (serious)than Maria,doesn'tshe? 9 Completethe secondsentencesothat it
d l
B: Yes.Shedoes.Marianeedsto try harder. meansthe sameasthe first.Useno morethan
threewords.
2 A: Lisais gettingbetter and better(good) at
a{
herjob. Rebecca was friendlierthan all vour friendsat
l'm gladto hearit. your birthdayparty.
lr.
3 A : I think we shouldbuy the greensofa.lt's Rebecca was the friendliestof all vour friends
e.
so much more comfortable(comfortable) at your birthdayparty.
ry.
thanthe blueone. Richard's
motherorganisedhisparty.
I couldn'tagreemore! It was Richard's
mother who oroanisedhis
party.
lrs 4 A : I thinkit'stimeto go.
No one in the familyis as happyas Richard
K '
You'reright.Theearlierwe get home,the
today.
rg earlier(early)we'llget to bed.
Richard
isthe happiest
one in the familytoday.
5 A : Somebody grabbedmy bagthismorning.I
Sybilwas of great help to them duringthe
tried to catchhim but he ran faster(fast)
partypreparations.
than me.
Sybil was very helpful during the party
O h ,n o !
preparations.
6 A : It was John who ran the furthest(far) in Mary gave Richardthis book as a birthday
n) the race,wasn'tit? presenr.
B: That'sright.Theothersdidn'thavea chance! This is the book Marv oave Richardas a
;s
7 A: Which is the coldest(cold) planet in the birthdaypresent.
.P
solarsystem?
H
B: Plutolthink,but checkin the enryclopaedia.
Y
39
 Reading
Readthe text andquestions
below.Foreachquestion,
circlethe correctanswerA, B or C.

of St Lucia,whichis cetebrated
fl.feast in Sweden
13th December,is ot
:;l...'., festivats.
rre st r..^:- .
e+Lucia
of the most popular
Swec
is thesaintof tisht;r;;#::,ilil;r::
and
{he #effist n:":::T_to.nsesr cotdest
wintersymbolisesthereturn
Accordingto tradition
earrvin the mornin^
earty
,.r"*. of tn" ourLswedish
swerrich
of rightin oarr<ne's"s.qarx
homesa younggirlwakes
up
mornins,::i:::u
puts on a rong

#r sash at the waistand #;;:',*T^:tr::

:.: . ,):::::...a.
:::
What is the main purpose
writing the text?
A To tell the storvof St Lucia.
@ to talk about the St Lucia
festivalin Sweden
C To explain why the St Lucia
festivalisso popularin Sweden.
2 What does a readerlearn about
the Feastof St Lucia from the
text?
@ rt is a widelycelebrated
dayin
Sweden.
B lt isonlycelebrated
in big cities.
C lt is not as popularas other
festivalsin Sweden.
40
a crownde"JraieOwitfr
servesher familysaffron candles,and
buns and ."0".. The
familywear long white boys in the
shirtsand pointe-O-
servethe buns and hats and help to
the coffee.ani,Or.n
oUgngo to school
in these costumes
and serve tr,. oun,
:::;:: to their
Everyvillageand evr
;r.'"";t yJ;:ffiT,l;,i:T:::ffii
However,
Luciawho is setectedfrom
amongino,lr"no, of girls
competition.
Thewinneris announcJd in a
andthewinneris then on TV on St Lucia,sday
drivenaround in
to spreadher lightin factories, a horse carriage
"*n otOp"opt",,
n*p,r"*,
andfoodstores.Almost homes
everySwedelono*.the
St Luciasong
manv
stLucia
sonss
o'ttn.most
popurar
"- 5ll;il::;:"
The nighttreadsheavity
Aroundyardsand dwellings,
ln placesnot reached
by the sun,
the shadowsbrood.
Into our dark house
she comes
bearinglightedcandles.
SaintLucia,SaintLucia.
What is true accordingto the text?
A Children givebunsand coffeeto theirfamilyand friends.
Aoys and girlsdressin specialcostumes.
@
C Thegirlswearwhite dresses and carryone lit candle.
What does St Luciasymbolise?
A Thesaintof winter.
B Lightand darkness.
/:\ -,
(! Thereturnof light in the darkness
of winter.
5 What doesthe writer tell us about 13th December?
A lt is the longestdayof the year.
B Children don't go to school.
@ t is a day when peoplecelebratethe returnof light in the
darkness
of winter.
 Listening& Speaking Philiphasalreadydecidedto
A organisea party.
Partytime
B missthe next party.

Listento the dialoguebetweenPhilipand @ go to Jill'sbirthday

party.
Simon.Foreachquestionchoosethe correct Invitations
answerA, B or C.
2 Circle
thecorrectresponse.

b 1 A: Howwouldyou liketo cometo my partyon

Sunday?
B: @ Thanks.
Thatwouldbe verynice.
!rp
b l'm afraidit's late.
)d
ld
A: Do cometo the cinemawith us.
te
B: a Yes,ldo.
:o
)l
@ Soundsgoodbut l'm afraidI can't.
tr
A: Pleasecometo my birthdaypartyon Friday.
B: a lt'sall right.
@ t'Oloveto come.

4 A: I'm havinga New Year'spartyon Sunday.

Wouldyou liketo come?
B:@ | wouldn'tmissit for the world!
b Oh.comeonl

3 Fillin the gapsin the dialoguewith the

words/phrasesbelow.
o lt'sso frighteningo Don't be scared
. I am scaredof . lt was nothing
. reallyfrightenme

Jenny: What a spookyhousel

& P
Which did Simonprefer?
A Jill'spartyon Saturday.
B Paul'spartyon Sunday.
@ littt partyon Sunday.
What pleasedhim most about the party?
A Thecostumes.
@ rheship.
C Thedancing.
The gardenwas arrangedto
A makespacefor everyone.
(gl createan atmospnere.
C havebettermusic.
1) lt'sso frightening!
Elsa: There'snothingto be frightenedof. Comeon,
let'sgo inside.
Jenny: You must be joking.2) | am scaredof haunted
nouses.
Elsa: 3) Don't be scared!Thereare no ghostsinside.
Jenny: How do you know? Empty old houses
4) reallyfrightenme. Oh dear!What was that
sound?
Elsa: 5) lt was nothing.
Jenny: What do you mean?| hearda howlingsound.
l'm sureit wasa ghost!
EIsa: Jenny,it's only the windl Come on, let's go
backhomebeforevou faint.
41
 Writing (3rd personnarrative)
Gettingstarted
Read
therubric.Whoarethemaincharacters?
lsthewriterinvolved
inthestory?

Youhavebeenaskedto write a shortstoryfor NewWritingMagazine.

Thestorymust
beginwiththewords:"l'mtired,"complainedJaketohisfriendTerry."Canwestopherefora
rest?" (SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)

Let'slook closer
2 a. Readthestoryandcomplete
theparagraph
plan.
r completion
ofstory,
referring
to moods,
consequences,
reactions,feelings
andcomments
. descriptionof incidents
leading
upto the maineventand
details
of theeventitself

W ' l ' ^ t i r e d l ' c o m p l a i nJeadk et o h i sf r i e n dT e r r y . ' C awne s t o p

herefor a rest?'Therewas no response fromTerryas he searched
downthe riverfor anylandmark that mightshowwhichdirection
theywereheading in.Theywerewellandtrulylost!Suddenly, Jake
pointedtowardssomething half hiddenunderthe bank.'l can't
believe it!'he squealed. 'lt'sa canoe.Comeon! lt'll be quicker
to
get downstream andfindsomesignsof life.'Splashing throughthe
muddywaters,theyscrambled into the old canoeandweresoon
heading downstream.
W At first,all was calmuntilthey reached an openareaand a
suddenwind beganto rockthe old canoefromsideto side.They
weremovingmuchfasternowandlosingcontrolof thecanoe.'Too
fast,'screamed Jakeas they followeda bendin the river.'We're
goingtoo fastl'Justthen,therewasa loudcracking soundasthe
canoehit a hugeboulderat the sideof the rivelthrowingthe two Main Body
boysout intothe freezing water. (Para 2-3) description of incideni:
p Seconds later,frantically trying to keeptheir headsabove leading up to the main event and
details of the event itself
water,they struggledtowardsthe nearbybank, their clothes
becoming heavierand heavier. Fortunately for them,one of the
locals happened to spotthemashewaspassing andyelledto them
to grabthe long,heavybranchhewasholdingout for them.
p Witfrinminutes,the two boyswere lyingexhausted on the
'This
riverbank. iscertainly oneadventure we arenot likelyto forget
for a verylongtime!'saidJake.Beingextremely Concluslon
grateful to their (Pan 4) completion of srory,
rescuer, theypromised neverto do anything sosillyeveragain. referring to moods, consequencd$,
reactions, feelings and commen:-.

b. Number
theevents
in theordertheyhappened.
FTTI Jakesearched for a landmark. tEl-l Jakenoticeda canoehalf hiddenunder.
tET6-] A local
spottedthem and helpedthem out. bank.
[e|3-l Thetwo boysheadeddownstream. ITT-I Theboysthanked
theirrescuer.
F-1-51 Thecanoesmashed into a boulderand threw f-E4l The canoebeganto rock from side to
the boysout because
of thewind.
42
 Writing techniques Verbs
Readthe theory.Findexamples of the writing 5 Completethe sentenceswith verbs from the
J
techniques
mentioned belowin thestory. list, as in the example.
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection) . reminded. cried . explained. admitted
-: . shouted o threatened. wondered
nake your narrativemoreinterestingto the readel
',:- should: 1 Who is this man?' Annaw*ndertd.
I rse a varietyof adjectives,such as imaginative, 2 'Youdon't understand,' 'Linda
Paulexplarned.
uonderful,
cautious,etc insteadof simplisticones hasnothingto do with it.'
suchas nice,good,well, etc. 3 'Freeze,'the policemanshoutedat the thief.
'Youare
e.g. lnsteadof: Johnisagoodboywithniceideas. underarrest.'
youcanwrite: John ls a great boy with 4 'lf you tell anyoneabout our meeting,there
will be consequences,' Brianthreatened.
wonderfulideas.
n LJse 5 'Yes,it's all my fault,' Mrs Saundersadmitted
a varietyof verbssuchas wondered, screamed,
,,vhispered, assheheldbackhertears.
etc to avoidusingsardall the time.
6 'No,you can'tdo thisto me,'Jennycried.
e.g. lnsteadof: "Help!"hesaid.
7 'Make sure you call Mr Perry tomorrow
youcanwrite: "Help!"hescreamed.
morning,'SimonremindedMark.
' Usepresentor past participlesto join two simple
sentencesinto one longer,more sophisticated
Participles
sentence.
Use a presentor postparticipleto join these
e.g. Insteadof: He turnedon the light. He saw
sentences.
someone in theroom.
you canwrite: Turningon thelight,hesaw 1 Jakewasexhausted. Hecouldn'tgo on.
someonein theroom. "iukerculdn'tq* *n.
Beingexhaustrttl,
2 They splashedthrough the muddy waters.
Theyscrambled into the old canoe.
Adjectives
Splashing through the muddy waters,they
4 a. Thefollowingadjectives canbe usedinstead scrambled intothe old canoe.
of other simplisticones.Put them in the 3 The boyswerethrown out of the canoe.They
correctbox,as in the example. foundthemselves in the freezingwater.
Beingthrown out of the canoe,the boys
. slighto great. evil . happy. massive
foundthemselves in the freezingwater.
. delightful . horrible. tiny . remarkable
4 He grabbedthe branch.He pulledhimselfout
o fantastic r gigantlc. vast. pleasant. huge
of the river.
. tenific. enormouso attractive. awful
Grabbing the branch,he pulledhimselfout of
the river
big gigantic,
massive, vast,huge,enormous
5 They kept their heads above water. They
small sliEht,tiny struggledtowardsthe bank.
bad evil,horrible,
awful Keeping theirheadsabovewater,theystruggled
good/nice great,happy,delightful, to the bank
remarkable,
fantastic,pleasant,
terrific,attractive
Your turn
b . Replacethe words in bold with words from 7 NewWritingMogazinehasaskedits readersto
Ex.4a. (SeeSuggested
AnswersSection) send in storiesfor its annualshort story
competition.
The story must end with the
1 Thisis a(n)reallybig house.
words Thenextmorning hewokeup,pockedhis
2 It is quite easyto makesmallchangesto the
ne suitcases
andreturnedhome.'Write your story
way you live. (100-120 YoucanuseEx.2 to helpyou,
words).
3 We had a(n)reallybad journey. aswellasthetipsmentioned above.
4 Theviewfrom our hotelwasvery nice. (SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)

43
 State-of- 2 Cross
theoddwordout,asin theexample.
1 W, thriller,horror,detective

rne-arI
r l . 2 laptop,DVDplayer,digitalcamera,@ci6
3 complex,gripping,pEd+etet{$, engaging
4 themepark,theatre,art gallery,
)M
5 delete,restart,store,[bl6

VocabularyPractice Matchthe wordsin the columns then use

themto fill in the gapsin the sentences
below.
Enterta i n ment/Fi Im/Technology
FTd-lspecial a tracK
Fillin the gapswith the wordsbelow. t2-l-.1oox b ovation

. classic
. sequel. definitely
. suspense trTrl computer c -office
. rewarded o fantdsy
adventure r set . worth t4l-rI openrng d effects
o entertains
. original. punished fs-l-a-ltitle e animation
reTs
I full f night
FT6-I standing g house

1 Pollywas luckyto get ticketsfor the opening

Mmr*drse niqhtof the concert.

M The new film Carsis sureto be a(n)box-office

hit
StarWarshassuchgood specialeffectsthat you
believewhat'shappening on the screenis real
R O A Lt f DT ?}f t t A H L
r(t{rs?frt"tit Charlieand the Chocolate
The title trackon a CD is a songor pieceo'
euef
musicthat hasthe samenameasthe album.
Factory, the 1) fantasy
Shrek is a good example of the use o'
adventure by RoaldDahl,
computer animationto produce realistic
is the kind of book you
believablecreatures.
can'tput down.Theplot
The band had a(n)full houseon Saturday-
is full of 2) suspense
and
therewere no seatsfreeat all.
all the actionis 3) set in
The audienceshowed its appreciationb*
a chocolatefactory. Five
giving the soloista(n) standingovationa:
luckychildrenget a tour
the end of the evening.
of the businessrun by
Mr Willy Wonka after
they win 'goldentickets' 4 Rewritethe sentencesusingthe correctidiom.

in candy bars. Famous 1 Tim enjoyedhimselfso much at the concer:

for his4) originalcharacters,
Dahl5) entertainsus he dancedand sang and had a great tin:
with his storyof spoiledkidsand what happens with hisfriends.
to them. Onlyone good boy,CharlieBucket,is Tim hada whaleof a time at the concertwi-.'
not 6) punishedfor bad behaviour.On the hisfriends.
contrary,he is 7) rewardedwith the big prizein He paid an awful lot of moneyfor thosene,
the end.To find out more,get yourselfa copyof Armanijeans.
this children's8) classic.lt's a fantasticread and He paid an arm and a leg for those ne ',
you should 9) definitelybuy it. tf you like it, Armanijeans.
there'salsothe 10) sequelentitledCharlieandthe Nowadays,a lot of couplesshare the t
GreatGlassElevator.lt is also well 11)worth whentheygo out.
reading. Nowadays, a lot of couplesgo Dutchwl =r
theygo out.

44
 4 MP3playershavebecomeverypopular. A: Do you believe in aliens?
MP3playershavetakenthe world by storm. B: Yes.I don'tthinkwe'realonein the universe

A: Thisis my favourite
songon the album.
Word Formation B: lt'sminetoo.
t6 Add -eneitherasa prefixor suffixto makeverbs 5 A: Spielberg
isworkingon a new film.
from the followingadjectivesand usethem,in B: Really?
What'sit called?
theircorrectform,to completethe sentences.
6 A: CGI (ComputerGeneratedlmagery)has
. dark. light . Sure. quick. short
W. had a huge impacton the way filmsare
o rich . Sharpr fl;pp
maoe.
1 Tomclosedthe curtains
to darkenthe room. B: Yes,indeedit has.
2 Nothingcan dampenhis enthusiasm for
technology.
3 He pressed
the buttonto lightenthe picture 8 Fillin the correctword to completethe reviews.
on the screen.
4 We reallyneedto sharpenthe knives. . star . special
effects. mission. directed
5 Travelling
o filmed. olot
to new countriesand experiencing
differentculturesenrichesour lives.
n9
Paulgot up reallyearlyto ensurea good place ln Superman Returnsour 1) star is once
in the oueue. more on a 2) missionto savethe world.
lce
Thewomanquickened herpaceasshewalked This is a trickyjob, of course,and as a
alongthe darkroad. result the 3) plot of the film is
rou
Maybethey shouldshortenthe film as three unpredictable
and exciting.Theaction
-l
hoursistoo lono. is 4) filmed using high-definition
of
video camerasto createthe best
t.
6 Underline
thecorrect
word. possibleimages.The 5) special
of
effects are better than ever
tic, 1 The Internethashad an enormousimpacVhit
before and are highly
on the worldof communication.
believable.
Congratulations mustgo
2 The plot is challenqinq/challenged
and quite
to BryanSingeqwho 6) directedthis new
difficultto follow.
blockbuster.
by 3 The book takes you to an imaginative/
^+
dL imaqinarvworld of witchesand wizards.
4 I was stunned/stunningby the specialeffects
in the new Superman
film. . applause. download. recordings
n. 5 Davesaid he was bored/boringwith playing . interviews
. track . audiences
computergames.
-'rt:
6 | lovethis film so much- | hooetherewill be a
me Thedebut albumof Chensh is out
sequence/ggue].
soon and shouldnot be missed.
7 Coco Chanelis well resoectedin the field/
rith You can 7) downloada taste of
regionof fashion.
their music for free from the
8 The Ant Bully receivedfavourablq/favourite
CW Internetand decidewhich 8) trackis
reviewsrecently. your favourite.The band have been
CW playingto huge9) audiences who havegiven
7 Completewith the correctpreposition.
the young sistersroaring 10)applause.Visit
bitl 1 A: ls it difficultto makea careerin the film www.cherishsisters.com
for more information
business? about TV 11) interviews,concertsand future
B: Not if you are determinedto succeed. 12)recordings.

2 A: Are you interestedin specialeffects?

B: Not really.Formethe plot is moreimportant.
45
 Grammarin Use 2 Fillin a,anor thewherenecessary.
Articles 1 Timmyis sucha responsible
boy.
2 Theyouth of today spendmore moneyon -
Fillin o,anor thewherenecessary.
clothes.
' 3 - jazzmusicisn'tmy favourite.
4 Thegamehe boughtcostsf20.
5 Let'smeetat the caf6nearthe river.
6 - actorsdo not alwaysbecomefamous.
7 A computer
canonlydo whatyouprogram it
to do.
8 -JohnWaynewasa popular
actorin the1950r
9 TheChinese
arehardworkingpeople.
10 TheQueenwillopenthe ceremony.

Quantifiers
Underline quantifiers.
thecorrect
1 A: Mum, l've invited a few/few people
Situatedin 1)- Eastern Asia and bordering for dinneron Saturday.
2)theSouthChinaSeaand3)- China, HongKong B: Hmm, how much/manvpeopleexactly,
is 4) a charmingChinese city with 5)- western Robert?
elements.lt enjoys6) a mildclimatefrom7)the
2 A: I am afraidI havefew/littleknowledoe of
middleof September to 8)the end of February.
9)fhe month of August has 10)the highest comDUters.
rainfall. B: lt'snevertoo lateto learna little/little.
Visitorsfrom11)theU.K.canenterHong
Kongwithout12)a visa. 3 A: lt took the writersome/several
weeksto
Hong Konghas 13)a population of nearly7 complete the chapter.
millionbut it is 14)a compactcityso youarenever B: Hehasno/notanytalentin myopinion.
farfrom15)- shopping areasand16)- majorsights. 4 A: Haveyou playedall/everymy computer
17)- Public transportationvia 18)- bus,19)- ferry games?
or 20)* trainisefficientandinexpensive.Most21)- B: No,I haveonlyplayed
feWa few of them.
signsarein both22)- English and23)- Chinese.
24)Theshopping 5 A: Thereare feMa few good songson the
centresareamazing and25)the
templesand parksofferquietrelaxation. album- l'm really
disappointed.
26)The
majorityof Chinese peoplespeak27)- Manadarin withyou- therearemuch/a!q[Ot
B: I disagree
but manyenjoy28)theopportunity excellent
tracks.
to practisetheir
-
English,so 29) communication is not 30)a 6 A: Haveyoueaten4y/some ice-cream?
problem. Themajority of 31)- hotelsarein 32)the B: No.Therewasno/noneleft.
citycentrebut thereis also33)a growingnumber
of resort-style
hotelsoutsidethecity. Adverbs
34)A visitto the Jademarketin YauMaTaiis Putthe wordsin orderto makecomplete
35)a must. There is 36)a huge varietyof sentences.
Whattypesof adverbsarethe
souvenirsyoucanbuyfrom37)the markets and wordsin bold?
youwon't believe 38)theprices!
HongKongis one of 39)the safestcitiesin computergameVupstairs/are
playing/theboys
Theboysareplayingcomputergamesupstairs.
40)theworld.Comeand experience 41)the
(place)
holiday
of 42)a lifetime!
to the art gallery/he/the
trip/enjoyed/really
He reallyenjoyedthe trip to the art gallery.
(degree)
46
 3 dramatically/cinema-goerVthe
number of/ 4 Ann calledan hourago,didn'tshe?
hasrisen 5 Sheisn'tFrench,is she?
The number of cinema-goershas risen 6 He didn'tcome,did he?
ly.(manner)
dramatical 7 Theyarestillat work, aren'tthey?
4 wenVthey/tothe zoolyesterday 8 Sheboughta new car,didn'tshe?
Theywent to the zoo yesterday(time) 9 Johnwill buya bike,won't he?
5 check/e-mailVmy/hardlyever/l 10 Jillis goingon herown, isn'tshe?
I hardlyevercheckmy e-mails.(frequency)
6 dinner/outside/we/had/our Phrasalverbs
nit
We hadour dinneroutside.(place)
7 agree/yourcommentyl/with/totally
7 Fiff in cut, take, turn, stay,give.

i0s. 1 A: Fancystayingup to watchthe horrormovie

I totallyagreewith yourcomments.(degree)
8 the instructionVeasily/understood/Angela with me?
Angela easilyunderstoodthe instructions. B: l'm sorry.I'm so tiredl'm goingto turn in
(manner) for the night.
t her homework/Sandy/soon/to
do/promised 2 A: I'm sorryto cut in, but I haveto tell you
Sandypromisedto do her homeworksoon. somethingreallyimportant.
(time) B: lt's OK,go ahead.
)ver 10 new CDVBen/all
the time/buys
3 A: How much did they take in at the box
Benbuysnew CDsallthe time (frequency)
:tly, office lastweek?
B: I don't know exactly,but I know it wasa lot.
Reflexivepronouns
:of 4 A: OK, I give in! You can go to the concert,as
Complete
theexchanges pronouns.
withreflexive longasyou arebackby midnight.
1 A: Nicehair. B: Thanks, Mum!

;to B: Thanks.I cut it myself. 5 A: Do we haveto stayin tonight?Why don't

2 A: Can you help me with my essay,
Sally?lt's we go to the cinemainstead?
n. due tomorrow! B: Goodidea.Do vou know what'son?

Iter B: Not again,Simon.Thistime you'regoing

to havedo it yourself. Sentencetransformations
em. 3 A: Who madethe cake? 8 Herearesomesentencesaboutthecinema.
B: Jillmadeit herself.
Complete thesecond
sentencesothat it
the means thesameasthefirst.Useno morethan
A: Do you needanyhelpwith yourhomework? threewords.
rt of B : No,we'll do it ourselves.
1 Mostteenagers in Canadago to the cinema.
A: What shouldI spendthe moneyon? There are only a few teenagersin Canada
B : Youcouldbuy yourselfsomenew clothes.
who don't go to the cinema.
6 A: What happenedto the computer? 2 There are severalreasonswhy people go to
B: lt switcheditselfoff. the cinema.
A: Who is he goingto the partywith? Peoplego to the cinemafor a lot of reasons.
B: He hasn't invitedanyone.He's going by 3 Thereisn't a more excitingfilm than TheLord
himself. ofthe Rings.
TheLordof the Ringsis the most excitingfilm
oys Questiontags ever.
arrs. 4 l'm surethe film will be a box-officehit.
thequestion
Complete tags.
Thefilm will be a box-officehit, won't it?
I
1 That'sa greatfilm, isn'tit? 5 The cost of a ticket to the cinemahas risen
2 Let'sgo to the cinema,shallwe? dramaticallyin recentyears.
lery.
3 Shehasn'tleft yet, hasshe? Recentlyit hbsbecomemuch moreexpensive
47
 Reading
Thepeoplebelow(1-5)are allplanning
to go to the cinema
tonight.Decide
rv-hich
filmwouldbethe
mostsuitablefor each.Therearethreefilmsyouwon't use.

Billenjoys
workingout, Thisaction-packedfilm is guaranteed
to keepyou on the edge of
especially
in yourseatlStarring
SamuelL.Jackson, this isthe storyof a nightmare
the gym. He journeyoverthe Pacificwith somedeadlysnakes.you haveto wait
likesto watch untilthe veryendto findout who is responsible
andwhat happens
to
grippingthrillers the passengers.Not for the faint-hearted,
however.
and filmswith unpredictable
plots.
Thisclassicmysterythrillerbasedon the story by GrahamGreeneis
set in Vienna,Austria.With its stunningcinematography, twisting
Susan's plot and unforgettablemusicalscorethis film is a must. Evenfiftv
'
- l
t ,,favouritekinds yearsafter its creationthis film stillguarantees
a good night out.
,:::a.,:,;a;
:llili:::t
oI lilmsare
ti]]g]:]:
:,;;::;i: r'romantic
StarringUmaThurmanand LukeWilson,thisheart-warming filmtells
comediesand
' dramas. the storyof what can go wrong when you date a superhero.
At first
+pry, Forher,it
our beauthinkshe hasmet the idealwoman,but asisquiteoftentne
is importantthat filmsstar
case,quitethe oppositeistrue.
well-knownactors

ThisSpanish film isa well-crafted

thrillerbasedon the lifeof MikelLelaza,
Steveloves
a secretagentwho infiltrates the terroristgroupETAin the mid-70s.This
science-fiction
fascinating
film promises action,dramaandpoliticalintrigueandhasmuch
filmsand
to sayaboutSpain's
turbulentpast.(lnSpanish
with English
subtitles.)
actionfilms.
He is a great
admirerof special Want to learnwhat'sup with this belovedsuperhero?Thenthis film rs
for you! Packedwith actionand impressivespecialeffects,Superman
oncemorehasto savethe world from destruction. Butthe ouestionis
- can he win backthe loveof hislifewithout losinghispowers?
t
Karenlikesto
::ril$l
L'::::,.::,:;:: foreign
l,lywatch
js'll'r'
ifilms that have What happenswhen threeteensdiscover that a scarymonsterlivesin
rt3Ull :;fimportant theirneighbour'shouse?Watchand find out! Thisanimatedfilm isfull
::tttgl
themes.She of fun, adventure
and comedy.lt issuitablefor the wholefamily.
goesto the ci
because
it makesherthink
E
Basedon the book by AlistairMaclean, TheGunsof Navaroneis still
ratedas one of the bestwar filmsevermade.Filmedon locationin
Johndoesn'tgo Rhodes,it wasa majorbox-officehit in 1961and won an Oscarfor its
to the cinema specialeffects.StarringGregoryPeck,David Niven and Anthony
veryoften but Quinn,thisfilm is a classic.
when he does,
he enjoys
Thisfantasythrillertellsthe storyof an unusualfemalecreature who
watchingfilmswith
warns humanityof impendingdanger. Alreadybeingadvertised as
historical
significance.Therefore, 'the
best film of the year',this uniquefilm offersgreatactingand a
he reallyenjoyswar films.
wonderfulstory.
 Listening& Speaking Askingabout a
problem/offeringhelp
Expressing
viewpoints
Completethe dialogueswith the
Youwill heartwo phrasesbelow Thereare two
siblingsdiscussing phrasesyou can't use.
of whatto buytheir
fatherfor his o What'swrong
are
birthday.Decideif o What'sthe matter
/ait
eachsentence is r What'sthe problem
;to
trueor false,andtick r What'shappening
(/) the correctbox. . Do you want me to havea
lookat it
l 1 5 o Sorry,I can't help
Ing o Perhaps, I can help
ifty r GladI couldhelp
1 Lurywants to buy her dad something
1 A: Hi Sue.How areyou?
differentthisyear. n T B: l'm fine but I wish I could
ells 2 Theirdad reallyloveseatingpopcorn. I V say the same about my
'irst 3 A 'Skype' phone helps reduce your
mobilephone.
the p h o n eb i l l . Z T A: Why? 1) What'swrong/the
4 Theydecideto get an iPod. E a marter/thenrohlemwith it?
5 They are going to order the present
B: lt hasn't been working all
from a website. V E day.
rza, 6 Lucy'sbrother knows his way around
this the Internet. a r A: 2) Perhaps I canhelp?
.rch B: That would be awfullykind
of you.
A: lt looks like the battery is
flat. You just need to
nts Positiveand negativerecommendations
rechargeit.
tan
nts Usethe phrasesto fill in the gaps. A: 3) What'swrong/thematter/
r I wouldn'tbother r lt'sexcellent. lt'swell worth a look the problem?
. lt'sdisappointingo lt's awful B: I can't connect to the
Internet.What am I doing
srn 1 A: What do you think of the new Madonnasong? wrong?
full I expectedit to be better.
B: lt's disappointing. A: 4) Do you want me to have
2 A: What isthe new shoppingcentrelike? a lookat it?
B: lt'sawful,l'veneverbeento a worseone. B: Yes,pleasedo.
still A: There,that'sdonethe trick.
3 A: Haveyou beento the new youth club?
'| tn B: You'rea genius!
You mustgo!
B: Yes.lt's excellent.
' its A: 5) GladI couldhelp.
l'm thinkingof goingto that new videoshop.
lny
B : lwouldn'tbother,if I wereYou.
What is the computerprogramme,GoogleEarth,like?
B : Amazing!lt'swellwortha look-
vno
ta5
d a

49
 Writing (a letter to a friend reviewing sth)
Getting started
Read therubric.
Thisispartof a letterfromyourEnglish
pen-friend
John.

ffi Haveyoueverbeento a livemusicperformance?

$ pleasewrite and tell me. l'd love to hearall about it.

Whatareyougoingto writeabout?
Whichof thefollowing
canyouinclude
inyourletter?
Circle.
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)

Let'slook closer

2 a. Readthe letterbelowandcomplete the paragraphplanwith the

headingsbelow.
. whatyoudidn'tlikeandwhy . singer/band
youwentto see
o whatyoulikedandwhy . recommendation
' *1
Howmanyof yourideascanyou find in the letter? ul
(5s'ownanswers)

Dear fohn,
fi> ru How are you? It was great to get your letter. You asked me
if I had ever been to a live music performance. Well, I actually went
tl
Introduction
(Para 1) {ireetings.'t easons.fbr
to a pop concm on Saturday - it wasgreat! lwuiliwg

p n sturred the singerAlsou - maybeyoulve heard.of her? The (Pan 2) singer/band you went to
tickets were f,.50each but it was weII worth it! see

fu fhere was a wondeirfutatmosphere- the cheerfulfans shouted

enthusiastically as she came onto the stage. She looked fantastic
thanks to the elaborate lighting and her trendy wardrobe. Her voice (Para 3) what you liked and why
sounded angelic. There was a vaied programme, with songsfrom
all of her albums and plenty of opportunityto danceand sing along!

I However, I was a linle disappointed that the concertfinished so

early.Even thepeople around me werecomplainingthat the concert (Pan 4) what you didn't like and
was too short for thepice of the ticket. why

fu> Anyway, we still had a great eveningand came away with the
best impression. If you everget the chance to seeAlsou in concert,
(Para 5) Conclusion
you should definitely go. Have you heard her new album? Wite
recommendation
soon and tell me what you think of it.
Love,
Alex

b. Readthe letteragain.WhatdidAlexlike/dislike
aboutthe concert?
Whatreasons/examples
aregiven
to supporteachviewpoint? (SeeSuggested Answers Section)

3 Replace
the underlined
adjectives
andadverbs
in the letterwith the following.
oentertaining
. fabulous. modern.wildly . complex. heavenly
. upset. latest
50 (SeeSuggested
Answers
Section)
 Readthe extracts(1-4)belowthat review 5 TherevieWpremieresaidthat it was one of
variousevents.Fillin the missing
topic the bestproductions of the year.
sentences (A-D),thensuggestothersuitable 6 lt was sucha predictable/ggp@performance
onesof yourown. that shewasgivena standingovation
(SeeSuggested Answers Section)
-re 7 TomHanksreceived oraisefor hisrole/actorin
opening nightof the Moscow StateCircus
in
Forrest
Gump.
3lasgow wasa hugesuccess.
-he 8 The routinesand the positioningof the
FarnboroughAirShowwasa bighitagainthis
dancerson stage are the responsibility
of a
r'-cdf.
conductor/choreoqrapher
wassoimpressed withthe performanceI wentto
cn Friday.
haveneverbeento anything
soboringinallmylife! 6 Match items(1-5)to the nouns(a-e).

ro famous/ frlm/television a screen

m live/studio/solo b
c
performance
novel
ffi big/small/silver
:ut - there was nevera dull moment.The
:'ogramme was well-arranged
.i
m children's/fantasy
best-selling
/
d film
e actor
and well_ i
:roreographedIn my opinion,,it is definitely horror/ silent/ feature
. lEId-l
.a,,',t

-he new exhibitionhad nothingto capturemy lm[uaffi

l 'nagination.I stronglydisagreewith the critic
,vho wrote, 'highlyoriginaland entertaining'I
.ninkthe completeoppositeistrue!
r#w$eMf$

Background information
Theexhibition/theatre
openedin
Thedancecompany/band
'1989
formedin 2001.

I -iie
ringmasterhad an excellentsenseof humour
:rd the crowd enjoyedthe spectacular show. In
The Air Show runseverysecondyearand takes
p l a c ei n . .

Descriptions
"ry opinion,the highlightof the whole evening Thesoundsystemwas excellent.
,,,'as
when the monkeysescapedinto the crowd! Thevenuehadgreatfacilities.
The lyricswere greaVpredictable.
4 n
+ D r ,
Thelightingwassuperb/dreadful.
Thecastwassuperb/amazing/verytalented.
Generalcomments/opinion
Don'tmissitl
It'swell worth seeing/going
to.
W e . * ' e r , r i " ' : ' '
You reallymustsee/go/listento it.
$ Underline
the correctword.
Yourturn
1 Shakespearesometimes used plots/
programmes
fromancientGreekplays 7 Usingthe language above,writea letterto a
friendreviewing something you attended
Even though I don't usuallygo to see
recently (e.9.art exhibition/the
openingof a
blockbusters/multiplex,I reallylovedMission
newvenueor a concert) (100-120 words).Use
lmpossible.
the ideasbelowaswellasyourown.
Tolright, ballerinaSylvie Guillem will be
'gn (SeeSuggested Answers Section)
appearing/peform!ry the role of Clara in . name/time/olace of evento cost
TheNutcracker. o whatyoulikedaboutit
of a playcomesdown to a good
The success . whatyoudidn'tlikeaboutit
script/lyricand a good director. . finalthouohts andrecommendation
51
 All in a ldentifythe jobs from the descriptions
the peopledo.
of what

day'swork 1 Thispersonfliesaerop,anes.
2 Youtakeyour
mechanic
ptlar
carto thispersonto be repaired

3 This person takes care of sick animals

veterinarian
VocabularyPractice Thispersonworks in an officetyping letters
answeringthe phoneandarranging meetings
Jobs
secretary

Whatdo thesepeopledo for a living?Lookat This personwill help you investmoney i"
the pictures
andunderline
the correctworc. companies.stockbroker
Thispersoncontrolsthe movements
of aircraft
airtrafficcontroller
This persondesignspagesfor the Internet.
web-designer
8 Youpaymoneyto thispersonin a shopor bank
teller
9 Thispersonhelpschildrenand familieswhc
haveproblems. socialworker
10 Thispersonwill giveyou the keyto your hote
1 doctor/ scientist
room.deskclerk/receptionist

Completethe exchanges
with verbsfrom the
list.

o promote . apply o dismisso retire . resign

1 A: So,areyou goingto applyfor the job?

B: No.I don'tthinkl'm suitably
qualified
for it.
3 librarian
/ teacher
2 A: lan is goingto resign.
/ plumber
4 carpenter
B: Really? Why?
A: He'sfounda better-paid job.

3 A: lf this projectis successful,

my manager
will promoteme.
B : G o o dl u c k !

4 A: l've stillgot sixyearsaheadof me beforeI

retrre.
B : H a n gi n t h e r e l

5 A: I've heardthat the companywill dismiss

severalpeoplenext month.
B: Oh, no.Any ideawho?

4 Fillin thecorrect
response
fromthelist.
o Somehodv nntthesack.
. Let'scallit a day.
o Thewayshe's going,
. She'sbeenworkinq around
theclock.
 1 A: I can'tworkanymoretonight;I'mverytired. Crossthe oddoneout asin the example.
7
B: Soam l. Let'scallit a day.
2 A: lt'smidnightand Ritaisstillat the office. 1 salary,
wages,}kWpay
B: What's going on? She'sbeen working 2 earn,gain,win,ftd
rired.
aroundthe clock. 3 @*Fr€rc, job, career,profession
3 A: Didyou hearwhat happened thismorning?
4 under-paid,
\@+-Fd-d, poorlypaid,overuyorked
nals 5 boring,Eeatr4[uninteresting,repetitive
B: Letme guess.Somebody got the sack.
4 A: Didyou seewhat Katedid thismorning? 6 business,
uDise*qf!,industry,
company
.TATq

B: Yes,I did. Theway she is goingshe'llget

Ings.
fired.

)y In 5 Complete
the text with phrases
fromthe list. Phrasalverbs
Youmayhaveto changethe formof the verbs.
8 go,put,fall,look.
Fillin:corry,
:raft. . workovertime. beherownboss. workfor
. a successful 1 A: Can you pleaseput me throughto Mrs
career. workfromhome
. beemployed. setup . self-employed Lucas?
rnet.
B: Justa minute,please.
Sheila has 1)a successful career with a large
2 A: I can't rememberwhat time my meetingis
)ank. ocsmetics company where she 2) has been
IOmOrrow.
miinloyedas a senior marketingmanagerfor the
B: Why don'tyou lookthroughyournotes?
who mes,t threeyears.Althoughshe is quitesatisfiedwith
iltner 3 A: Mike,if you carrythis projectthrought'll
1ob,she sometimesfeels that her work is not
lotel mtroreciated, especiallywhen she has to 3) work
promoteyou to headof the department.
ur*'srtirne. B: l'll do my best,sir.
She is now thinkingof 4) setting up her
mmnr businessso that she can 5) be her own boss. 4 A: Why are you so upset?Thingscan't be
he
Sl'reilila
thinksthat she would be happier6) working that bad at work.
vt:ri'rhome,even though she accepts that people B: You say that becauseyou don't know
n lt[ldr-rto
are 7) self-employed are less secure than what I haveto go througheveryday.
tltqrsewho 8) work for a largecompany.
) 5 A: He'safraidthat his olansto start his own
rr it. 6 Choosethe bestwordto complete thejob businesswill fallthrough.
adverts. B: lt'snaturalfor himto feelthiswav.
'il[@havea 1) vacancv/spacefor a young,dynamic
nnd hard-working 2) studenVgraduate to lead our
pawingsalesforcein the Londonarea.As leaderyou
\Nord Formation
,ffi,ril
heresponsible for3) team/groupdevelopmentand
lager
4,|educationtrainingand you will 5) reply/repo[ 9 Completethesentences
withthecorrect
word
ffrrectlyto thecompany SalesDirector. derived
fromthewordsin bold.
1 Thepoliticiangavea verydistortedversionof
Doyouenjoy
&e youwillingto work6) changes/shifts?
even$. DISTORT
lFe 7) happiness/satisfactionof solvingchallenging
2 He admittedthat the governmenthad made
Slproblems/questions without9)control/Supervi5ion]
someveryregrettablemistakes. REGRET
are you 10) oractical/handy? Do you have a
'yes' 3 The prime minister promisedto be more
11)deanltiOy lf youcananswer to
licence?
driver's
thenwe wouldliketo hearfromyou.
questions,
tr:ese to complaints
responsive in the future.
RESPOND
She thanked her husbandfor his caring
WEWANTYOU
rtt{,ttfh
over 300storesnotionwideBookWorldis now supportat a verydifficulttime. CARE
fnrnlyestoblishedos the No,l bookshopin the UK,lf The ministerresignedbecausehis position
idou ore 12)sfimuloled/molivoled,commified, was no longerdefendable DEFEND
trS)ombitious/rulhlessond enjoysucceedingin on
excitingfost-pocedwork 14)locotion/environmenl,
we wont youl No previous15) skill/expeliengE
rcquired, 53
 Grammarin Use A: What'swrong?
B: l'm runninglate. lf I don't get (noVget)
Conditionals
thereon time, the meetingwill start (start)
where possible.
Replaceif with r,vhen withoutme.

1 .. ....... lf thisdoesn'twork.he'llbe in trouble. A: Why aretheseflowerson Jane'sdesk?

2 when lf he is in a bad mood. it is betterto B: lt's her birthday.
stayaway (remember),
A: Oh no. lf I remembered
3 .. . ..... lf you don't havetime today,you can I would havebought (buy) her a present,
finishthe reporttomorrow. too.
4 when lf l'm tired.I can'tconcentrate
at all.
A: Thisis a beautifulneighbourhood.
5 when lf Jasonasksfor a raise,he'llget it for
B: I agree.lf I find (find)a flat for rent here,I
sure
will move(move)in right away.

A: Why is Peterso stressedout?

2 Match the phrases1-8to phrasesa-h to make
B: He has a meeting with the marketing
full sentences.
manager.Wheneverthey meet (meet),

Etr lf Johnhadgot up ten minuteslater, theyend (end)up havingan argument.

m UnlessYvonnepasses her Frenchexams, 7 A: UnlessLiamshows(show)up in the next

m job,
lf Paulfound a better-paid fiveminutes,Mr Johnsonisfiring(fire)him.
Etr lf Mr Blackcalls, B: Oh, no. ls he lateagain?
H UnlessKatefinishesthe lettersby 5 pm,
m lf you seeFrank,
8 A : Youhaven'tsaida word all morning.

m lf Bobhadn'tbeenso nervous,
B : l'm verybusywith this report.You know,I

m lf Jane'scolleagues
were morefriendly,
would finish(finish)it fasterif you hel
(help)me.
A: No oroblem.
a she'llhaveto do someovertime
b he would havedonebetterat the interview. Wishes
c hans out tosether outside the
4 Readwhat the mansaysandmakesentences
};:"-r,O asin the example.
d he would resignon the spot.
e he would havemissedthe bus. 1 | don't havetime to meetJacktoday.
f askhim aboutanyvacancies in the company. I wishllfonlyI had timeta meetJGCktad6y.
I shewon't get into university. 2 | can'ttake anydaysoff work thisweek.
h tell him I'm out for lunch. I wish/lfonly I could take some days
off thisweek.
Puttheverbsin brackets 3 | lostmy passport.
3 intothe correcttense
I wish/lfonlyI hadn'tlostmy
to complete
theexchanges.
passport.
1 A : Do youthinkI shouldapplyfor thisjob? I didn't followyouradvice.
B : lf I were (be) you, I would apply (apply) I wish/lf onlv I had followed
right away. your advice.
2 A : Congratulationson your promotion. l'm very stressedout. I
B : Thankyou! lf I get (get) the job, I won't don't know how to relax
leave(leave)the company. I wish/lfonly I knew how to
relax.I am so stressedout.
I didn't know Marywasin town.
I wish/lfonlyI had knownthat
Marywas in town.
54
 7 | don't haveanyfriends. 4 She is going to write a coverletter.Shecan
I wish/lfonly I hadsomefriends sendit with her CV.(to)
8 | ate too much.I feelsick. She is going to write a coverletter to send
I wish/lfonlyI hadn'teatentoo much. with her CV.
Shewantsto find a morningjob. Shewants
to.havemoretimeto spendwith herchildren.
Readthe letter and completethe exchanges (in order to)
usingtheverbsin theircorrect
tense. Shewantsto find a morningjob in orderto
spendmoretime with herchildren.
Shehasboughta new suit.Shewantsto make
)eor Steve, a good impression (soas to)
at interviews.
i'm sorrgobouttheotherdag.I wishl 1) hadbeen Sheboughta new suitso as to makea good
fre) hereto seegou.f ontggou2) totd(telDme impression
at interviews.
:tot UouwerecomLng earlier,| 3) woutdhave
:langed (change)mg schedutel
Thereasonwhg I wasn'thereis becouse I decided
:i go to a conJerence.
lt washeldin the most Sentencetransformations
;:nozingplocelI wishyou4 hadseen(see)it! | Completethe secondsentence
ion't meonthot it wasexcetlent because inJoctit
7 sothat it
meansthe sameasthe first.Useno morethan
wastheoppositel Nothingseemed to workproperLg threewords.
;nd thespeokers wereterribLe. I wishI 5) never
teord (heor)oJthe event.lt wosa comptete Celiais upsetbecauseshe didn't get the job
wasteof
rnteondmoneg.Angwag, | 6) witttelt(tetDgouotl at the advertising
agency.
N, I sboutit the nexttlmeI7) see(see)gou. Celia wishesshe had got the job at the
)ed Whichreminds me,whendo gouthinkgouwittbe advertising
agency.
L,ntown agoLn?IJl 8) were(be) you,l 9) wouldwrlte She is savingmoney becauseshe wants to
(write)a date[n gourdiary now.If gou10) sent attenda seminar.
kend) methe inJormotion bg email., thenI promiseI Sheissavingmoneyso asto attenda seminar.
1l) woutdbe (bd here,ondnot runningolf to sittg lf she doesn'tattendthis seminatshewon't
conJerences! be consideredfor the job.
A[tthebest, She won't be consideredfor the job if she
-nrls doesnot attendthis seminar.
Shecan't moveout becauseshe can't afford
to payrent.
lf she could afford to pay rent, she would
Clausesof purpose
moveout.
5 Jointhepairsof sentences
usingthewordsin She didn't take her brother'sadviceso she
brackets,
asin theexample. didn'tfinda job in London.
lf she had taken her brother'sadvice,she
1 Fayewantsto find anotherjob. Shewantsto
would have found a iob in
havea biggersalary.(in order to)
London.
Fayewantsra find anatherjab in arderta hsvea
biggersulary.
Shearrangedto seeher manager. Shewanted
to askfor a pay increase.(with a view to)
Shearranged to seeher manager with a view
to askingfor a payincrease.
Sheis updatingherCV.Shecan useit to apply
for a new job. (so that)
Sheis updatingher CV so that shecan useit
to applyfor a new job
 Reading
a. Thepeople(1-4)areall lookingfor newjobs.Readtheirdescriptions
andunderline
the keywords.

Michael has had severalwell paid

jobs. Now, he wouldliketo use his
Geoff has always liked making psychologydegreein a job that he
things to entertainhis children.
can improvepeople'slives.
Sincelosinghis job as a.teacher
he has been lookingfor a way to
turn his hobbyinto a career.

Susan first noticedher flair for Brookeis currentlyworkingin an

writingwhen she won a creative office for a publishingcompany,
writing competition at school. but she dreamsof a lessordinary
However,hercareeras a poetis not life. She wants to explore new
goingverywellandshe mustfinda places and help protect the
newjobto paythe bills. environment.

b. Readthejob advertisements
(A-F)anddecidewhichjob wouldbe the mostsuitablefor eachperson.
Therearetwo you don'tneed.

" @ rTour ^ - -- :ExploreAlaskaLtd

- Guide
A lifeof adventureawaitsyouinAlaska.Explore AlaskaLtdis
lookingfor guidesto leadsmallgroupsof tourists through
the Alaskanwilderness and to oromoteconservation in the
area. No previousexperienceis requiredas on-the-job
training willbe provided.
Applyin writingto WilliamSeward,
ExploreAlaskaLtd, 3 PrimroseSt, Ketchikan, Alaska,AK
99950-3365.
j Cu.egiver - Spring Lake Retreat
lookingfor a trainedanimalpsychologistto work with our
collectionof wild and exotic animals. ldeal candidates
should have a degree in veterinary medicine and a
backgroundin psychology.Applicationforms are available
from HumanResourcesDept,DunstableZoo, Bedfordshire,
CardsWriter - Comic CardsLtd
Can you say it with style?Comic Cards Ltd wants
writers with wild and witty imaginations.Salaries
are good for those who can come up with catchy
lines and lots of laughs. Email John Keats at
www.comiccards.co.uk.
G----
Do you have the qualitiesto help people with mental
illness lead rich and rewarding lives? Spring Lake
Retreathas an excellentsuccess rate in dealingwith
mental illnessand we are lookingfor caregiverswho
can approachthose in need with respect.For further
informationcall Florenceon 01484627 895.

Toy Designer- Lullaby Toys Plc

Film Extra - Talent Inc
Wantto be in the movies?TalentInc is lookingfor peopleto
takepafi in a Hollywoodfilmthat is beingshot herein London.
The work requiresa great deal of waiting around.Although
therecan be no guaranteethatyou will appearin the finalfilm,
you may see yourself ne)d to a major star. For more
information, callSandyon01292364 807.
Want to bring a littlemagic into young lives?Lullaby
Toys Plc is lookingfor an imaginativetoy designerto
expand our range of educationaltoys for children
under7 yearsof age. The idealcandidateshouldhave
experience in toy designand a passionfor education.
Tel.Jov Fischeron 02646738 991.

(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
^l
4l

\E

th
to

)y
to
)n

/e
n.
 Writing (a letter of appliration) @ energeticand sociable
b candrivea car
Getting started
@ takena coursein photography ,,.,s1,
1 Read
therubric
andunderline
thekeywords. @ good organiser
Then,answerthe questionsthat follow. e speakEnglish and German
f workedasa photographer
You have come acrossthe following job ad for the schoolnewspaper
;;
g in the localnewspaperand you want to workedasa shopassistant
ff rpply for the job. Write your letter of *r,i:l;lZi2i
" application.
Let's look closer
l .
'*""- """- --'
ii'-
fi Do you wantto get out and seethe world?Areyou 2 Readapplication
lettersA & B andwritethe
il interestedin photography? paragraphnumbernextto the headings in the
I lf yes,thenyou couldworkon a cruiseship!Weare listbelow.
lookingfor a photographer who'salwaysaroundto . opentng remarks/reason(s)for
writing41 B1
takememorable photosof ourpassengers as wellas . closingremarks 45 85
developand sell the pictures.All equipmentis . age/qualifications/experienceA2 82
providedby thecruiseline. o otherinformation A4 84
lf interested,contactMr Ellioton 089g-7g6756 or via . personalqualities ffi 83
emailat _. , andwe willarrangea
job interview.Portfolio
necessary.
DearManager, E
W Hil l'vedecided to dropyoua lineaboutthejob
you advertised in thisweek'sonlineeditionof Ny
Magazine forTeens.
fu t ana 2O-year-old student andl,mquitegoooat
takingpictures.Two yearsago I took a one-year-
coursein photography and l,ve workeo as a
photographer for ourcollegenewspaper. l,veworked
What kind of letter do you haveto write? a part-timeasa shopassistant at a photostudio,too. I
letterof application
wantto studyphotography at UELandsomedayl,m
2 Who is goingto readyour letter?Mr Elliot
sure l'll work as a professional photographer for
3 Shouldthe stylebe formalor informal?formal
National Geographic. My English andGerman aren't
4 Tick( /) in the list of pointsbelowwhat yor.,
shouldincludein your letter:
badeither.
. yourfavouritesubjects p t haven'tworkedprofessionally beforebut l,m
at school
. yourqualifications surel'd be goodat the job. I am veryfriendlyand
. anypreviousexperience outgoing.I love travellingand seeingdifferent
. a description
of yourappearance places. Also,I canprovide a referenceletterin which
.your personalqualities my previousemployer saysI'ma goodphotograpner
.yourplansfor the summer andthat youcancounton me.I canshowyoumy
What do you think the successful
candidate workanytimeyouwant.
shouldbe like? p* | won't be doinganythingin JulyandAugust.
a artistic @ adventurous We haveour holidays thenso I canworkwhenever
@ friendly @ sociable youwant.
c canng f sporty p- Voucanget in touchwith meon 0g657345
6 Forthis job someonewould needexperience or
at lhirsch@yahoo.com..Let meknowsoon!
In:
a Allthe best,
modelling @ tatingpictures
c workingwith youngchildren
7 What qualifications
would someoneneed in /ro**a
orderto be considered
for this iob? LauraHirsch
 b. Findandunderline examples
of these
iear Mr Elliot, featuresin the letters.
p I am writing to apply for the position of (SeeSuggested
Answers Section)
;)r3tographerwhich was advertisedin this week's Lookat the highlighted
4 sentences/phrases in
:r ineed't'onof NY Magazinefor Teens. letterA andunderlinethe corresponding
p t am a 2O-year-old student.Two yearsago I appropriatesentences/phrasesin letterB.
iir3l<6 one-year-course in photographyand I have (SeeSuggested Answers Section)
rilorrkedas a photographer for our college Yourturn
-€wspaper.
:r$:6 I havealsoworked part-timeas a shop
rssistantat a photo studioin my neighbourhood. lt 5 a. Readthe rubric,then,answerthe question
that follows.
s rny ambitionto study photographyat UELand
e ;rrne day to work as a professional photographer
the 'cr Youhavecomeacross the followingjob ad in
such prestigiousmagazinesas National
the localnewspaper
andyouwant to applyfor
3eographic.
thejob.Writeyourletterof application.
B1 p Despitemy lack of formal work experience, I
B5 'eel that
I am quite suitablefor the position.I am :,'
82 ,try friendlyand sociableand I love travellingand
B4 ii Oo you: love to shop?Payattentionto j
,eeing different places.What is more, I am very ,.ffiil
B3 details?Why don't you get started as a
"uent in both English and German.I can providea
-eference ffi MysteryShopper?Visit differentbusinesses,
letterfrom my previousemployerin which ffi poseas a customer,
evaluatethe serviceano
am describedas hard-working,efficientand a #
ffi completean evaluationform. Get paid to
:hotographerwith great potential.My portfoliois # shop at stores, eat at restaurants,watch
OD ffi
ii'ailableat your request. ffi
# moviesand more!
\IY p Sincethe schoolholidays includethe monthsof s
No experience is necessary.
-.rlyand August,I will haveno othercommitments
-+
Apply o nIine dt rr!::-:-Li;::.f ::. r.-t=:;ii:,:-rr.
O L :rd I would be availableto work the whole two
ar- ronths.
1 What skills/qualifications
do you think would
}' t may be contactedby telephoneon 08657345
eo helpyou get the job? Circle.
lr via emailat lhirsch@yahoo.com.
I lookforwardto
).I 'eceivinga replyin due
course. @ loveshopping
,m b haveworkedas a shooassistant
"ourssincerelv, @ O. friendly
br
/**o*'K' r+o/t' d haveworked as a waiter/waitress
1't
-auraHirsch e be fluentin foreignlanguages
*."iJ€r+4iry4ts|_1:.irysF,.tr@ry9ryeffi
ffiffi m$s f be a good organiser
m g be artistic
'lo
h be sporty
nt a . Comparethe two letters.Whichone usesan
i can drivea car
ch appropriateformal style suitablefor a letter
of application?Mark the featuresin the list
EI
b. How are you going to beginand end your
below asA or 8.
ny letter?
1 passivevoice B
A DearSir/Madam, C Dear;
, L . 2 a friendly,personaltone A
Yoursfaithfully, Yourssincerely,
er 3 everyday vocabulary A
4 formallinkingwordVphrases B B DearMystery
shopper,
nr 5 phrasalverbsor idioms A Yours,
6 long and complexsentences B
7 advanced vocabulary B 6 NoWwriteyourletterof application.
Use
8 colloquialexpressions A letterB fromEx.2 asa model.
9 a polite,impersonal tone B (SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)

59
 Staying OliverHook,

Safe Mostpeoplemanageto 13)walkawayfrom

dangerous situations,
othersfindthemselves
seriously14)threatened.Theimportantthingis
notto makeyourselfa(n)15)target.Attackers
lookfor 16)vulnerablepeople.
Avoidbeingthe 17)victim.
VocabularyPractice Protectyourselfand be
Self-Defence carefulat alltimes.

Fillin the gapswith the correctword/phrase.

. potential . disable. vulnerable. brains
. bestdefen6ge physical force. threatened
o fancymoves. victim. sense. attacked
o lateat night r target. potentially. g!.asp
z Matchthewordsin Column
A to thewordsin
e distract. walkawav
ColumnB.Thenusethephrasesto complete
thesentences.
SELF.DEFENGE
ADVICE FROMTHE EXPERTS
tlTh-l self a the law
ETq m t n o r b back
FT. I arme0 c offence
ff youarebeing1)attacksdandcannotrun t4rf-l cflme d cnarges
away,the bestthingto do is to use2) physical trTsl well e robbery
force.Karateis the3) bestdefencein such rel-6-l
fight t scene
situations.A goodkarateinstructorwillteachyou FT'l break I lit
howto escapean attacker's 4) grasp,or howto trTd-l press h defence
5) distractor 6) disablehim.Karateis notonly
aboutperforming 7) fancymoves. 1 A: Did Mrs Barker press chargesagainst
It is alsoaboutusingyourbrain the burglar?
andcommon8) sense. B : No,in the endshedecidedagainstit.

2 A : what happenedto the threeteenagers?

B : Theywerefound guiltyof armedrobbery.
3 A : Do you think dangerous
drivingshouldbe
treatedasa(n)minoroffence?
6. Absolutelynot. lt is a veryseriousmatter.
LindaCrant,
4 A : Didyou manageto photographthe victim?
B : No, unfortunately
photographers
were not
Theimportant thingis to avoida(n) allowedat the crimescene.
9) potentialattackbeforeit happens.
Thebest
5 A : What happenswhen people under 18
wayto do thatis to useyour10) brains.Avoid
breakthe law?
walkinghomealone11)lateat nightand carry
a mobilewithyouat alltimes. B : Theyusuallyappearin juvenile
court.
Don'tputyourselves in A: Whenshouldyou fight back?
12)potentially
dangerous ,, B: Onlywhen it's the last resort.you should
situations.
*w| try to walk awayfirst.
Br A: Arewe safewhenwe go out aloneat night?
B: You aresafeas long asyou stayin well-lit
areas.
60
 8 A: Do you seeKarenoften? Circle
thecorrect
word.
B: Yes,I see her twice a week at the self-
1 GeorgeaskedMiriamfor a 6fbl drive home.
defenceclass.
Learninghowto defend
yourself
willhelpyou
avoida Ql"ntpt vulnerable
attack.
Shemade-lrerself
r@l victimfor the
thieves.
4 Childrenand the elderlyaredfraEld/ disable
l :f,
" to protectthemselves against
criminals.

l
ta
;'1r
5 HerfriendGuhlharmedSue's feelings.
6 These thingsdo not happeninGiDl true life.
7 Heaskedto be left6l6i-dt/lonely.

h 8 Thethieftriedto@/
shewaswalkingdownthestreet.
removeherbagas

9 Thejudges@/ met a difficultsituation at

t h et r i a l .
she@)/ jumped away from the
1O Thankfully
rrgg.o 666;ffib/ harmtess.
Underlinethecorrect
word,thenfill inthe 1 1 It is importantto be / conscious of
correctpreposition. @
yoursurroundings
whenyouareonyourown.
1 He was due to appear in courUprisonlast 1 2 Paulmanagedto escape hisattacker'r@/
Monday. snatch.
2 The robberswere taken to the policestation 13 Theywerelyingon the floortotallydffirrceiEB:
in handcuffs/custody. / threatened.
3 Shewassentenced/convicted to four yearsin
"14 Ue@empG)/
==-€ broketo escape
fromprison.
prisonfor the accidentshecaused. 15 MrnyQ-ffun9gD/
barristers
manageto avoid
4 Thepickpockets puVplaced
were immediately a pnsonsentence.
underarrest.
ldiom s
5 Everyonewas surprised
when Mrs Bowlerwas
sentenced/chargedwith shoplifting. Filfin: wrisf,red,record,take.
6
6 Theyhavebeenaccused/orderedof theft twice.
7 The criminals were brouqht before the Canyou take down the victim'sdetails
olease?
iudqe/jury.
/. 2 Can I speakoff the record?
8 She was attacked/armedby three teenage
0e ooys. 3 Hissentencewas a slaoon the wrist.
9 Three criminals escaped/abandonedfrom 4 Shewascaughtred-handed asshewasrobbing
prisonyesterday. a store.
10 Theyqot awav/ranaway with murder.
n? Phrasalverbs
11 Shewasfound/saidguiltyof kidnapping.
ot '12
The burglarsbroke/enteredinto the flat at 7 Jointhe phrases
to makecomplete
sentences.
threein the mornino.
I-TTE Highprices
andbadservice
havedriven
Cross
theoddwordout. ETE Manychildren run
4
trTtl Theburglars
managed
to get
1 pickpocket,
burglar,
)Dtn$, mugger t4Tb-l Thewomanwascryingbecause
they
2 policeofficer;ffii, securityguard,detective weretaking
ld judge, juror
3 barrister;shDp+if[6r,
a awaywithout beingnoticedby anyone.
4 kidnapper;robber;Vir*i<r,thief
t? b her dog awayfrom her.
5 vulnerable, weak,$Fe{q, defenceless
lit c away from homeeachyear.
d awaymanycustomers.
61
 Grammarin Use 6 WillMrsEdwards marKthe tests?
Willthe testsbe markeooy MrsEdwards?
The passive
passive
Fillin withthecorrect tenseof the 3 Fillinthegapswithbyor with.
verbsin brackets.
1 TheSistineChapelwaspaintedbyMichelangelo
1 A: What an amazingstory! 2 A new law hasbeenpassed bythe government
B: lt is great,isn'tit? lt waswritten (write) by 3 Thesaladwasmadewith veoetables fromour
AgathaChristie. garoen.
2 A: Whenwas lhe Lordof the Rrngsreleased? 4 Kelly'sbedroomwallsarecoveredwith posters
(TheLordofthe Rrngslrelease)? of U2.
B : l n2 0 0 1 . 5 The cake was filled with strawberries ano
cream.
3 A: lsthisneighbourhood safe?
6 PrideandPrejudice
was written by JaneAusten
B: Not really.In fact, I hear that peopleare
i n1 8 1 3 .
attacked(attack)all the time.
7 Our holidayhad been spoilt by the bad
4 A: Havethey installedan alarmsystemyet?
weather.
(install)
B: No,the firealarmwill be installed,
8 Thepackagewastied up with string.
tomorrow but four securitylightsand two
lockshavealreadybeenfitted(already/fit). Changeinto the passive.
4
5 A: What happenedto the burglars?
A thief stole an important painting from the
B: Theywerecaught(catch)by the policeas
NationalGalleryyesterday.
The gallery's
securityguard
theywerecomingout of the bank.
reportedthe robberyto the policeat 7pm last night
6 A: Did you hear that the high streetwill be
The police have arrested a man who they are
closed(close)tomorrow?
questioningat the moment.Thepolicethink he is the
B: No! How am I goingto get to work?
man responsible but they haven'tfound any proof as
7 A: Hasthe university contacted youaboutyour yet. The policegave no more information.They said
grades? they will carryout a full investigation.
Gallerystaffsaid
B: No, I was told (tell)that the gradeswill be the gallerywill not be opento the publicthisweek.
sent(send)to us by mail. (SeeSuggested AnswersSection)
8 A: What happenedto Lisa?
5 What do the newspaperheadlinesmean?
B: Shewasmugged(mug)on herwayto the
Rewritethem into full sentencesusingthe
trainstation.
correctpassivetense.
9 A: Did you buy the specialanti-graffitipaint
for yourwalls? HEALTHM|N|STERTO OPENNEW
:
B: Yes,we did. In fact, it is being applied HOSPITALTOMORROW .]
(apply)by the paintersaswe speak. aai$F''.@onrE.rtei.er'r

EcHARcE
Ig,?lr:.g.gqPr
wfrlrwo-iriiiffi,ED
2 Rewritethe sentencesin the passive.

Wheredo they teachself-defence

courses?
Wheresreself-defence
rcurcestaught?
STOLEN PICASSO i
Who brokethe window?
PAINTINGS FOUND
Who wasthe window brokenby?
Whenwill you deliverthe flowers? \ Maior
- strike to be orgarrised
Whenwilltheflowersbe delivered? by fire nsh_:ef1a*s!5r*,6a.*!da^./
f"
Havetheycalledyou aboutthe job?
Haveyou beencalledaboutthe job? 1,. ATHLETE SERIOUSLY
Didthe mechanic
fix the car? ..' INJUREDAT THE WEEKEND
Wasthe carfixedbv the mechanic? ^*'.*
:"-*'* **-****
62 o;ff;dffi;'*" ;ffiffi;;'
 Causative form . 5 Shewas so upsetwith the test resultsthai
shebrokedowncrying.
6 Usethe causativeformto rewrite the sentences.
9 Jointhesentences
usingthelinkers
in
1 Thedentistwill lookat histeeth. brackets.
IO. l4etwillhsvehisteethlaokedst (bythedentist).
2 Theplumberis fixingthe tapsin my flat. 1 Maryhashad her flat brokeninto threetimes.
nr.
I am havingthe taps in my flat fixed by the Shewill havean alarmsysteminstalled.(for
r
olumber. this reason)
3 Themechanichasrepairedher motorbike. Maryhashad herflat brokenintothreetimes.
She had her motorbike repairedbv the Forthis reason,
shewill havean alarmsvstem
mechanic installed.
4 An artistis paintinga portraitof Susan. 2 Sunbathingcan be very dangerous.lt is
Susanis havingherportraitpaintedby an artist. important to wear high-factorsunscreen.
5 A technicianwill connectour new telephone (therefore)
linetoday. Sunbathing canbe verydangerous.Therefore,
Our new telephonelinewill be connected
bv it is importantto wearhigh-factor
sunscreen.
a technician
today. 3 Therearemanydrawbacks plan.
to,thisbusiness
6 SomeonedeliversLeo'snewspapers everyday. We arethinkingof comingup with a new one.
Leohashis newspapers (consequently)
deliveredeveryday.
7 Thesurgeonoperatedon Nick'sarm. Therearemanydrawbacks plan.
to thisbusiness
ne Nickhadhisarm operatedon by the surgeon. Consequently,we are thinkingof comingup
rro with a newone.
Write sentencesusing the causativeform.
1r. 4 Ben doesn'thavea lot of money.He cannot
rre 1 Thehairdresser
is cuttingMelanie's
hair.What (asa result)
buy any insurance.
t t E is Melaniedoing?Melanie ishavingherksirrut. Bendoesn'thavea lot of money.As a result,
as 2 The painterswill paint the Matthews'house. he cannotbuyanyinsurance.
rid What will the Matthewsdo?
rid The Matthewswill havetheir housepainted
Everyfeach/eithe
r/neither
by the painters. 10 Fillin:every,
each,
either
or neither.
)n) 3 The dentistis cleaningJohn'steeth. What is
1 You can either call or e-mailme - whateveris
Johndoing?
easierfor you.
Johnishavinghisteethcleanedby the dentist.
2 Everystudenthasbeengivena safetyleaflet.
4 A thief stole Lea'sbag yesterdaywhile she
3 Neitherof usfelt likegoingto the cinema.We
was sittingat a caf6.What happenedto Lea?
weretoo tired.
Lea'sbagwasstolenby a thief yesterday while
4 Eachone of hischildrenhasgot a ph.D.
shewassittingat a caf6.
5 A nail artist had paintedJane'snailsfor the Sentencetransfarmations
wedding.What hadJanedone?
Janehad had her nailspaintedby a nailartist 11 Complete
thesecond
sentence
sothatit
for the wedding.
means thesameasthefirst.Usenomorethan
threewords.
€lausesof result
1 A thief hasstolenSally's
jewellery.
I Fillin the gapswith soor such.
Sallyhashad herjewellerystolenby a thief.
He found so much usefulinformationon the Sallyinsuredher flat yesterday.
Internetthat he'llfinishthe essayin no time. Sallyhad her flat insuredyesterday.
Shewas runningso fast that shetrippedover Thealarmsystemkeepsthievesaway.
a rocK. Thieves
are kept awayby the alarmsystem.
She has such bad grades that it will be Twotechnicians
installedthe securitywindows.
difficultfor her to get a placeat university. The securitywindowswere installedby two
His behaviourwas so irresponsible
that the technicians.
headmasterexpelledhim. 63
 Reading
Readthe text about problemsbetween teenagersand their parentsand decideif eachsentenceis f
or F (false).

1 Teenagersdon't feelthat livingwith their parentsis hardwork. F

2 Themostcommonargumentsbetween parents and teensareaboutuntidiness
and householdchores. T
3 Teenagersget veryangrywhen parentsrefuseto helpthem with the housework.F
4 A surveyby St GeorgeUniversity showedthat thereare manyapproaches to
teen-parentproblems. T
5 Yellingat teensand clearingup afterthem is particularly
successful. F
6 Lettingteensexperience the consequences of theiractionsis not a very
successful
method. F
7 Communication betweenparentsand teensisveryimportantaccordingto
psychologists. T
8 Parents shouldlistento what theirchildrenhaveto say. T
9 Tellingteensoff because their room is untidyistotallyunnecessary. F
10 Understandingthat teens'roomsaretheir own privatespaceis quite ,i
important. T

p arentscomplainthat it is difficultto livewith teenagers. {

5 Thenagain,teenagerssay exactlythe samethingabout t'3,
theirparentslAccordingto a recentsurvey,the mostcommon
arguments betweenparentsand teenagers arethoseregarding
untidiness
and household chores.On the one hand,parentsgo
: ri' ;
mad over untidy rooms, clothes dropped on the floor and their
children'srefusalto help with the housework.
On the otherhand,
teenagerslose their patiencecontinually
when parentstell them off for
droppingthe towelin the bathroom,not cleaningup theirroomor refusingto do the shoppingat the
suoermarket.

h" survey,conductedby St George,University,showedthatdifferentparentshavedifferentapproaches

T
X to theseproblems.However,someapproachesare muchmoresuecessful than others.For example,
thoseparentswhoyellat theirteensfor theiruntidiness,
but laterclearup afterthem,havefewerchancesof
changingtheirteens'behaviour.On the contrary,thosewho letteenagers experience the consequences
of
their actionsare more successful.For instance,when teenagerswho don't help their parentswith the
shoppingdon'tfindtheirfavourite
food in thefridge,theyareforcedto reconsider theiractions.

g'-trsychologists
saythatthe mostimportantthingin parent-teen relationships
is communication. Parents
1-r
E shouldtalk to theirteensbut at the sametime they shouldlistento whatthey haveto say. Parents
shouldtelltheirteensoff whentheyare untidybut theyshouldalsounderstand thattheirroomis theirown
privatespace.Communication is a two-wayprocess.lt is onlyby listeningto and understanding
eachother,
thatproblemsbetweenparentsandteenscanbe solved.

64
 Listening& Speaking Warningothers
Safety tips ,::::,,:t::l 3 Fillin the gapsin the dialogue
with the phrases below.
Youwill heara
presentelon a
university radio
k . :9,))::.:.:"::::
:].:a,lillu
. if I wereyou o it'sa badideato
o Don'tdo that o That'strue
. I suppose you'reright
station, talking lrl:liii:l.tlilili:
.aa.:::..a:::::::,.

aboutsafety t:tl:tiiil!i)lltlti:
::-:::,4:::::a:,:
Paul: Brian,1) if I wereyouI wouldturn
tipsfor
downthe music.lt'stoo loud.
students. Decide
if eachsentence Brian: But we're havinga party,aren't
is corrector we?
incorrect. lf it is Paul: Well,2) it's a bad ideato keep
correct, tick(/) YES.lf your neighboursawake just
it is incorrect, tick(/) NO. becauseyou feel like havinga
pany.
YES NO
lf you sharea flat with others,therearetimes you'reright.
Brian:Yes,3) | suppose
when you can leavethe windowsopenwhen Paul: Soaren'tyou goingto turn down
yougoour.
E V the music?
2 Peoplemightfollowyou into the hallsof Z T : B r i a n :W e l l , I t h i n k w e s h o u l dw a i t
residence. until all the guestsleave.We
5 Alwayslockyour bedroomdoor
V I ] don'twant to spoilthe fun.
4 Nevertakea taxion yourown aftera nightout. E V Paul: 4) Don'tdo that, Brian.We'llget
f It is not a goodideato usecash-machinesat in troublelTheneighbours
mrght
night. A T callthe police.
Markingyour propertydoesn'tmakea
difference
if it is stolen.
r a Brian: 5) That'strue l'llturn it down
straightaway.
Expressingannoyance/Calming
someonedown
Circle
thecorrect
response. Word Formation
1 A: I am sickand tiredof the trafficon the roads!
b:ftr Larmoown! 4 Completethe sentenceswith the
correctderivative.
b Takeit down!
1 Theburglargot into the house
2 A: I won't toleratethe neighbour's
noiseanymore.
throughan openwindow.
the B:@) Takeit easy.We'llcallthe police.
BURGLE
b lt isn'tenough.
2 He is in prisonfor armed
les furiousaboutherplayingmusicso latel
3 A: I'm absolutely robbery. ROB
rla B: a Letyourhairdown!
3 Thekidnapperdemanded
sof @ r""p yourhairon !
f 100,000. KIDNAP
;of
A: l'vehad it with hisbaddriving!
the A thiefbrokeinto my cal but he
B: a That'sa bad idea.
didn'tstealanything. THEFT
@ oon'tgetsoworkedupl
Everyyearshopliftingcosts
rnts A: l'm fed up with her badattitude!
departmentstoresmillionsof
rnts B:@ Relaxt poundsin lostincome.
)wn b Lookout!
SHOPLIFT
ter,
A: l'vehadenoughof theirsillyideas.
A:@ Simmerdown.They'reonlytryingto help.
b I guessso.
65
 Writing (an essayproviding solutionsto problems)
Let'sget started
Read Canyousuggest
therubric. to theproblem?
anysolutions
1TA teenmagazine
isaskingits readers
to write in with their
* suggestions
on howto surfthe Internetsafely.
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)

Let'slook closer
a. Readthe articleandcomplete the paragraph
planwith
the headings below.Haveanyof yoursuggestions been
includedin the article? ,. , ,l
o solutions/suggestions
& posibleresults
r whattheproblem .
is summarise opinion

W tttostteens use a computernowadays.The Internetallows

themto chatwithfriends,findhelpwithhomework,
do researchand Introduction
(Para L) what the problem is
find out the latest news. However,the Internetcan also be
dangerous if it is notusedcarefully.
@
e-mailaddressor username. Theyshouldmakesure it doesn't
identifytheirage or genderin anyway.Thisway someonecannot
use it to track them down. Also, users should nevergive out
personal information online.By makingsuretheystayanonymous, Main Body
they stop others from sendingspam* and from using this (Pan 2-4) solutions/
information to causeharm. suggestions& possible results
@- Another wav to stay safewhen usingthe Internetis to keep
onlinefriendships online.In cyberspace, it is easyfor peopleto
pretendto be something theyare not.Keepingfriendships online
avoidsunnecessary danger.
ffip- Finally,it would be a good ideato only usewebsitesthat are
classedas child-friendly. In this way, userswill be protectedfrom
inappropriate material.
@w Overall,thereare a numberof waysto makesureteensare Conclusion
safewhiletheysurf.lf theywereput intopractice,I believeyoung (Para 5) summarise opinion
peoplecouldbe keptoutof harm'swaywhentheyareonline.
*unwanted e-mailssenttoyou,usually a product
advertising orservice

Whichwordshasthe writerusedto introduce

hissuggestions
andtheirresults?

Readthe articleagainandunderline
the topicsentences
in the mainbodyparagraphs.
Canyou
suggestafternative
ones?
(SeeSrrooesred
Answers
section)
66
isays providingsolutionsto problemsare piecesof To makesuggestions:
r'',i't-ifl9
in whichyou discuss
a problemand its causes o A usefulsuggestion/Another
solutionwould be
h ,',rellas the expectedresultsor consequences
of to..
',:.' suggestions. An essayprovidingsolutionsto o ...couldbe solvedby ...
i::clemsshouldconsistof: o Steps/Measures shouldbe takenin orderto solve/
aL an introductionin which you statethe problem d e a l w i t h. . .
and/orwhat hascausedit; o Anotherway to ... is/wouldbe to ...
a main body which consistsof two or more r Thesituationcouldbe improvediflby...
paragraphspresentingsuggestionsand their o lt would be a good ideaiflto ...
results/consequences.
You should start a new o lt would helpif you/we/etc
...
paragraphfor each suggestionand its results/
To presentresultsand consequences:
consequences;
r As a result,...
I a conclusion in whichyousummariseyouropinion.
o Thiswouldmeanthar ...
i=ays providingsolutionsto problemsare normally
r Then,..
r.i-ieh in a formal style.Theyare usuallyfound in
-r3ir(spapers o Bydoingthis,you/we/etc would ...
and magazines.
. lf . ., the resultwouldbe ...
r TheeffecUconsequence/result of ... wouldbe ...
3 theproblems
Match (1-5)tothesuggestions
(a-e). o In thisway,...
a problem
Choose andthinkof moresuggestions.
a. A teenmagazinehasaskedits readersto
givesuggestions
on how to avoidstressbefore
exams.Matchthe suggestions(1-5)to their
FTFI buttying at school
results(a-e).
corresponding
t21-.-l stress
beforeexams
trIE hazardsof shopping
online
[4-f.l school
vandalism
FTcl cartheft 1 startstudyingaheadof time
2 take shortbreaks
3 eat healthily
and get enoughsleep
a makea revision timetable
4 makea revisiontimetable
b talkto an adultyou cantrust
5 studywith a friend
c parkin a safeplaceor in a garage
d makesureyourcomputerhassecurityfeatures FFI discussanydifficultiesthat comeup
e installCCTVcameras rifsl be calmand be preparedfor exam
t2-l-Emind be clearand studvtime be more
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection) effective
Match the suggestionsabove to each of the t3l-d-l haveenergy
andbeableto concentrate
resultsbelow.Usethe languagein the table. IZI-e-]workbemoreorganised andbeableto
assessprogress
b. Usethelinkingwordsandphrasesfromthe
[TTal youwill beveryorganised tableto makesentences,
asin theexample.
l-2Te-lvandalswill becaughtred-handed
A usefulsuggestion
wouldbeto startstudyingahead
t3l-d-] hackers
will not be ableto seeyourcard
number details of time.Asa result,
youwillbecalmandprepared
for
thieves
will not haveeasyaccess theexam. (SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
FTq to your
Ldl Your turn
l5lTl theywill beableto helpandyouwill not .Useyouranswers in Ex.5 andyourownideas
sufferalone to writean articleof 120-180
wordsproviding
(SeeSuggested
Answers
Section) solutions to the problem. You can usethe
article
in Ex.2 asa model.
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
67
 Forces
of Lookat the weathermapandcomplete
gapswith wordsfrombelow.
the

nature . showers. downpour drizzle. snowfall

. sleet. sunshine
. chillv. hail. warm

VocabularyPractice
Extremeweather
i

1 Tick(/) thecorrectbox.
\i
L

:i.
_t
T
.\

,4i

.,1

,i
,t
2 Match
theanimals
to theirsounds. ii
:
,l

F-l-f.lS N A K C S a chirp ,i

PT6-1 cananes b twitter

FT.l OOVCS c neigh Nofthernlreland:A 1) chillywet dayfor Belfastand
t4T.l horses d howl t,
area.Cloudy,andexpecta 2) downpour . Maxtemp7-g
t-sl-alcrickets e coo ,i
degrees C. Temperatures dropping to 3-5 degreesC
reTill WOIVCS f hiss laterintheday.
ift.
Scotland: Typicalwinterweather.Heavy3) snowfall
:l.f
Crossthe odd word out, as in the example. expected in the Highlands.Edinburgh is cloudywith
4.
4) hailand5) sleet.lt will probablychangeto snowby
1 shore,coast,9e{, beach
evening.Max temp 2-4 degreesC. Temperatures
2 buzz,nlb<ce, chirp,hiss dropping to below0 degrees C laterintheday.
3 flood,avalanche, drought,b}€e Yorkand NorthEastEngland:
,X A windycloudyday
4 chilly.fpDd{g, freezing.scorching t throughout the area.Yorkis experiencing somelight
5 blizzard,
T
thunderstorm, hailstorm,shG 6) showersthatwill continueuntillateafternoon. Max
temp10-12 degrees C.Tonight strongwinds.Mintemp
Completewith the correctpreposition. B-10degrees C.
1 Thehurricanedestroyed everythingin
Southwest Englandand Wales:A cloudyday in
Wales with Cardifi experiencingsome 7) drizzle.
its path iil Chanceof heavierrain as the day progresses.
i,ri
Max
2 Farmers arealwayscomplaining about tempB-10degreesC. Windylatein the evening. Min
the weather. temp7-9degrees C.
Travellersto the regionshouldbe awareof the Londonand SouthEastEngland: A beautiful
dayin
possibilityof terroristattacks. England's capital.Lots of 8) sunshine and 9) warm
4 How shouldwe dealwith this problem? temperatures. Maxtemp12-14degreesC. Somerain
5 Tanyawas frightenedof spiders when expected early thisevening. MintempB-10degrees C.
shewasyoung.
68
 Matchthe wordsin the columns thenuse Choose
thecorrect
wordA, B,Cor D
8
themto fill in the gapsin the sentences
below.
1 A ........of wind blewthe papersoff the table.
FTg l sea a conditions A gash @ gust C gush D gasp
l2Te I t<irrer b rate 2 The dog was frightenedby the soundof the
FIA climate c porsontng t h u n d e r . . . ..... .
FI;l weather A bett B bel
d rain @ nott D butl
IET6I survival e oees 3 The... ....of lightning
lit up thewholegarden.
l6ld-i torrential f change A flesh @ lastr C flame D flare
FTc I rood g currents 4 B e i n go u t i n t h e . . . . . . . s. .u na l l m o r n i n om a o e
us feelquiteweak.
1 Advancesin medicine have improved the @ OlazingB flamingC grilling D fryrng
survivalrateof patientssufferingfrom cancer. 5 Come in, come in. What are you doing,
2 Sea currentsmake swimminqin the area standing out therein the . ...... cold?
oangerous. A frozen B froze @ freezingD .freeze
3 Killer bees attack anyonewno comes near 6 The littlegirlsmiledas the snow......... landed
theirhive on hertongue.
After the meal in the restaurant.I suffered Qy tlake B drop C stone D cube
from food poisoning. S u d d e n lay ,. . . . . . . o
. .f s u n s h i nber o k et h r o u g n
Torrentialrain causedmassivefloodino ano the clouds.
left manvhomeless. A belt B line @ ruy D bolt
6 The effects of climate change are being 8 My carwindscreen
was brokenby hugehail
studiedthroughoutthe world.
7 Due to unsuitableweather conditionsthe @ stones B flakes C pebbles D drops
plane will have to be divertedto another 9 | g o t c a u g hitn t h e . . . . . . . r. .a i nt h i sm o r n i n q
airoort. andgot soaking wet.
A gushing
@ pouring
Underlinethe correctword to completethe B dripping D flowing
d
.9 idiom. 1 0 C a ny o uh e atrh ew i n d ?l t ' sb l o w i nag . . .. . . . .!
c Suddenlyeverything went wrong: I didn,tget
A drizzle B gust C breeze@ gale

into college,my best friend movedaway,my Word Formation

lll
grandmagot ill. But they say 'it neverrains,
rh 9 Formnounsfromthe verbs,usingthe suffixes
-ion,-ing,-mentandusethemto completethe
but it pours/flows/streams'.
)y
IQ Simonwasn'tlookingverywellthismorning.I Sentences.
think he's feeling a little bit under the
. erupt o poison. developo transmit. move
ly storm/weather/cli mate. . populate. warn . explode
ht I can't understandwhy you two are fighting.
lX What a blizzard/hunicane/stormin a teacup. A severeweatherwarningwas broadcaston
rp Tim has no idea what's happeningin the the radio
world. He has his head in the skies/clouds/ Theradiotransmission
was broadcastin manv
tn differentcountries.
heavens.
l6

Karen stole my !hunc!g./lightning/breeze The eruptionof the volcanodestroyedmany

ax
when shewrote her nameon the articleI hao homesin the area.
lin
written. 4 Hisillness
wasdiagnosed asfood poisoning.
tn 6 We shouldsavefor a stormy/rainy/cloudy
day. 5 Theworld'spopulationcontinuesto rise.
'm 7 WhenLizgot into the RoyalAcademyof Music 6 The marinebiologists
recordedthe movement
rin shewason cloudnine/seven/eleven. of the dolohins.
Bobwas reallyill for a while,but now he,sas 7 Theexplosion in the minewas not fatal.
rightassleet/drizzlelrain. 8 A lot of money is spent everyyear on the
development of new medicines.
69
 Grammarin Use 5 A: PeopleQg:tn'glshould go walkingin the
ino;: the correctequipment.
mountains'^,v
Phrasalverbs B: I agree.reopte@/may take greater
Fillin: draw, turn, put, do, break,hold. care

6 A:@-allMustn't I go homenow?
1 A: Johnny,you'd betterdo up your shoelaces
B: Yes,you@lmight.
beforeyou trip overthem!
B : O K ,M u m . 7 A: My b."r@/can haveproducedmore
honeythis summerTherewere plentyof
2 A: lt is getting late and I don't want to hold
flowers.
you up any longer. Let's continue the
B: Perhaps
trey@/wouldn't because
meetingtomorrowmorningat nine.
' of the storms.
B: Seeyou at ninethen.
8 A: What a downpour.TheboatsGa-nTVmustn'
3 A: I am goingto be in Londonfor a few days. besailing.
Canyou put me up? B: l'm afraidyou@/can be right.
B : It will be my pleasure.
4 A : Did manypeopleturn up at the party? 3 to the meanings.
Matchthe sentences
B : Not many,but we had a nicetime.
F]-CEIBillylookstired.Hecan'thavesleptvery
5 A: When doesyour schoolbreak up for the
well
holidays?
the plants
t2-l-61Sallycan'thavebeenwatering
B: NextMonday.
thisweek.Theyareverydry.
6 A: Can we draw up here for a moment? | F-l-a-lThat'shis car.He must haveleft it here
want to buy a newspaper. after the party.
B: Sure. t4ld-l Tanyamight not passher drivingtest.
ITT| Helenis smiling.Shemusthavegot that
newjob.
Modals
reTe-lMarkmightnot buya new carthisyear.
2 Circlethe correctverb. Irr/q He might not havebeencaughtin the
storm
1 A: You haven'ttakena breakyet today.You
a l'm surehe did.
@lcan be hungry.
B: Yes,l@/may eata horsel b l'm certainthat shedidn't.
c He probably didn't.
musV@have studiedvery
2 A: Thestudents
d It'spossible
that shewon't.
much.Theirtest resultsareterrible!
e It'spossible
that he didn't.
B: Theymighv@ improveif they want
f l'm sureshedid.
good grades.
I It'spossible
that he won't.
3 A: Don't go out without a scarfand gloves!
Theweatherforecastsaidthe temperature usingan appropriate
Rewritethe sentences,
4
@lcan dropto belowzero. modalverb.
B: Youshouldl@be right.l'll takethem
with me. 1 lt'slikelythat it will rainlatertoday.
It mighVmayrainlatertoday.
4 A: You'resoakingwet. You@/might have
He probablydidn'tgo skiing.
hadyourumbrella withyou.
He mighVmay not havegoneskiing.
taken
B: I know I know.t musvG-n-oiidlhave
will turn out well.
I think everything
tr. turn out well.
Everything may/might
l'm suretheirplanetook off on time.
Theirolanemusthavetakenoff on time

70
he 5 l'll let you driveme nome. Readthe situations
nt. Youcandriveme home.
7 andmakesentences from
the wordsin the brackets.
Usemightor may.
ter 6 l'm not surewhetherl'll go out tonight. (SeeSuggested AnswersSection)
I may/might go out tonight 1 | can't find my raincoatanywhere.I wonoer
7 lt is possiblysnowingin Scotlandright now whereI put it.
It may/might
be snowingrnScotland
rightnow a: (you/puViVin the wardrobe)
b: (you/efViVatwork)
ore 5 Choosethe correctforms. 2 I can'tfind Sam.Do you knowwherehe is?
of
a: (he/go/for lunch)
A: Hi, Gene. ls that you? What are you still
b: (hdgo/homdforthe day)
use doing at home?You 1) could/shouldhave
Why didn'tGloriaanswerthe phone? l'm sure
left by now.
shewashomeall lastnight.
tn't B: What do you mean?Whattime is it?
a: (she/goltobed early)
A : l t ' s1 3 : 1 0 .
b: (she/notfeel/liketalking)
B: What? lt 2) may/can't be. My watch says
Freddidn't come to the par1y.Do you know
12:30.lt 3) can't/must havestopped.I knewI
why?
) sheLld/mighthavereplacedthe battery.
a: (hdhave/other plans)
A: Nevermind that now. You had better hurry
b: (he/not
have/anyone to go with)
very or you 5) miqhVcanmissthe train.
B: Okay,okay.lf I leavenow, | 6) could/can't
ants still make it. By any chance7) could/might Sentencetransformations
you take me to the station?
8 Completethe secondsentencesothat it
nere A: Oh,all right.| 8) should/mustn't be therein meansthe sameasthe first.Useno morethan
aboutfiveminutes. threewords.

Thereisa chancethat it will rainat the weekeno.

that 6 Lookat the pictures.Make deductions.
It might rainat theweekend.
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection) We're sure Sheilahasn't taken the boat to
Malta.Theseais too rough.
She can't havetaken the boat to Malta.The
seais too rough.
He'sgot a terribleheadache. l'm sure he's
beenworkingin the sunall morning.
He'sgot a terribleheadache.He must have
beenworkingin the sunall morning.
Floodsare possiblehere,even in the hottest
monthsof summer.
Therecan be floodshere.evenin the hottest
monthsof summer.
l'm surehe didn't take hisovercoat.Look.it's
rightthere.
He must haveforgottento take his overcoat.
Look,it's rightthere.

1 Theymightbeon holidoy
71
 Reading
Readthe text andquestions
below.Foreachquestionchoosethe correctletter(A,B,C or D).

he settlementof Oymyakonis situatedin EasternSiberia,

Russia.lt isthecoldestpermanentlyinhabited placeon Earth.
Temperatures are said to havereachedas low as -96.16 degrees
Fahrenheit(71.2Celsius). Thisis hardlysurprisingas Oymyakon lies
onlya fewhundred milessouthof theArcticCircle.
Oymyakon hasnotalwaysbeena permanent placeof residence.Before
the 1920s,Oymyakon was onlyvisitedby reindeerherders.Later,the Soviet
governmenttook stepsto settlethesenomadicpeopleand nowthe areaboastsa
population
of about800.
The peopleof Oymyakonhavehad to adaptin orderto survivein this harshenvironment. Owning
livestock(reindeerand horses)is essentialfor food and for trade.Growingfruitsor vegetablesis only
possible in theshortsummerseason.Forthe remainder of thetime,thegroundis frozen.Transportation is
noteasyasdieselfreezes at -58degreesFahrenheit. In Oymyakon wearingfur is nota luxurybuta necessity.
Luckily,the localpowerstationburnswood to providehomeswith hot waterand this makesindoorlife
bearable.
it or not,thelocalpeoplesometimes
Believe chooseto bathein thesesub-zero
temperatures.
Swimming
in icywateris saidto prevent
coldsandpneumonia. Thebravepeople whodo thiscallthemselves
members
of the'Walrus Club'.Whenyouthinkaboutit,it istrulyamazingwhatpeoplecanendurewhentheyhaveto.

The writer'smain purposein writing this text What does the writer say about bathing
is to frozenwaters?
A explainwhy peoplelivein sub-zero A Thepeoplewho do it areriskingtheir
tem0eratures. B lt is onlyadvisable
for animalsto do it.
peopleto visitOymyakon.
B encourage /-\ ,. ,
€) lt hashealthbenefits.
C informus aboutthe SovietUnion. D Peopledo it because they enjoyit.
@ describe
what it is liketo liveunder harsh
How might the writer best describe
conditions.
settlementof Oymyakon?
What does the writer tell us about reindeer placeon Earth
@ t isthe coldest
herders? wherepeopleactua live.
/:\ _.
Q! Theyusedto be nomadicpeople.
B Theywere discouraged from livingin
Oymyakon.
B lt is a well-knownscience
C Theyview fur asa luxury.
research
stationvisitedby ma
D Theygrow vegetables all yearround.

When talkingabout reindeerand horsesthe

writersayspeople C lt'sa largeSiberian
town located
A keeptheseanimalsas pets. closeto the ArcticCircle.
/i\ ,
(B ) havelivestockin orderto survive.
C raisea widevarietyof animals.
D havethem solelyfor their fur.
with muchto seeand do.
72
 Listening& Speaking 2 A: Are we still going on the picnic this
afternoon?
WinterHolidays
B : Not likely.lt'srainingand 5) it mightkeep
rainingall day.
. Youwill heartwo peopletalkingabouta
Well, it has rainedso much already,6) it
winterholiday.Fillin the missing
information
in the numberedspaces. should have stopped raining by this
afternoon.
B: I think you're being ratheroptimistic.
a Zoll SkiREsoRr/ think we should postponethe picnic.
n. After all, even if the sun comesout, the
)S Location grasswill be wet. We 7) couldcatchcold.
)S Theresoftis in Austriain an attractive
village11762 A: I think you're right. Let'sgo to the nev.
metresabovesealevelin the HoheTauernmountain shoppingcentre.
re range.
et Gilimate e it shouldhavestoppedraining
a t it mightkeepraining
Moderatecontinental climate.Winters2f generally
sunnywithreliable andfrequent snoMalls. I couldcatchcold
rg Facilities
rly
&er 200kilometres include
ofskiruns.Activities 3l ice-
is
iy.
skating,tobogganing,sleighridesandllamahikes. Makingspeculations
ife flpe of accommodation on offer
r Hotel 3 Matchthepictures
r Self-catering andthe
1g
4f chalet
)rs Friceof holiday
3. € 5) 530 for oneweek'sstayat hotelincluding two
rrealsa day.
Restaurants
Therearemanydifferent kinds.Prices
are
6f reasonable.

probabiIity/possibility
Expressing
2 Complete (1-2)
thedialogues withsentences
(a-g).
1 Theymaybe brotherand sister.

1 A : Do you think we will have a white 2 He mightnot likemedicine.

Christmas thisyear? 3 Theymightbe studying.
B : 1) lt mightsnowif we'relucky. 4 He maybe stoppingthe traffic.
A: What did the weatherforecastsay?
5 Theymight be verytalented.
B : It said2) it couldget eveqwarmerby the
6 Shecan'thavesleptverywell. tr
end of the week.
Theweatherisso unpredictablethesedays! 7 Theycouldbe on a course. tr
B : Yes,3) it can be warm and sunnyevenin 8 Theymight be fatherand son. tr
December. 9 He maybe ill. tr
A: I guessit isn'tgoingto snow now.
B : It maybe warm now, but you neverknow,
1 0 Shemaybe bored. tr
fi-]
1 1 Theymight be practisingfor a concert. t - l
4) it couldget cold later. rFl
12 lt mustbe quitechilly. L:]
it could get cold
later
c it couldget even
warmer 13 Theycouldbe at university. tr
It mightsnow d it canbe 14 Shemaybe a nurse. tr
73
 Writing (an e-mailreplyingto an invitation)
Gettingstarted
Readthe rubricandunderline
the keywords,thenanswerthe questions.

Youhavereceived an invitationto spenda weekendat yourfriendJames'parents,cottaqe.Wilg an

+
tr!
ffi
e-mailreplvinoto hisinvitation.In youre-mailyoushould
ry
6 . thankhimfor the invitation
. saywhethervou areableto qo
a

,|
What will you write?Who to? 3 What mustyou includein youre-mail?
2 What stylewill you write in? 4 How couldyou begin/endyour e-mail7
(SeeSuggested AnswersSectior:t
Let'slook closer
2 Readthe e-mailsbelowandcomplete the paragraph
plan.Whiche-mailaccepts
the invitationandwhich
refuses
it? Underline
the sentences
that showusthis.

HiJames! DearJames,
Introduction
pr.tt wasgreatto getyoure-mail.I @no* areyou?l'm fine!l'm realll
(Para l) opening
alwaysenjoyhearingyour news! enjoyingthe summer holidayssc
remarks
farl

@ fhanks so much for the @manUs so muchfor invitingme

invitationto spendthe weekendat to spend the weekend at your
your parents'cottage.I would reallv parents' cottage! The cottage
love to come! l've been studying soundswonderful. I really wish I
reallyhard recentlyso it'll be great could come but unfortunatelyI
to relax on the beach and have can't as my sisteris getting married
somefun! that weekend. We're all reallv

p t havea coupleof questions p I reallyhopeyou havea good

about the weekend! | work on time at the cottage anyway.Have
(Para l) asking some
Fridaysuntil 7pm. What time are you invitedanyoneelse?Are there
questions about the
your parentsplanningto set out? lf any interestingplacesto visitin the
weekend
we are leavingearlierthan 7, I can area?| bet you'll have a brilliant
ask for that day off! Also, what time.Writeandtell me all aboutit!
should I bring with me? Do you
think I will needanvwarm clothes?

W|^ l o o k i n g forward to the p tt wouldbe reallygreatto catch

weekendalready!Please thankyour up soon.Perhaps
we can meetup in
parentsfor letting me come! Write a coupleof weeks?Onceagain,I'm
backsoon, so sorry| can't makethe weekend.
Love, Love,
Jo Dan

acceptsthe invitation refuses

the invitation
 1ilruaffi
inviting people
a Why don't you join us?
a It would be greatif you couldcomealong.
a Do you fancyjoiningus?
a It would reallymakemy dayif you couldcome.
a I would be so happyif you couldmakeit.
a I do hopeyou can makeit.
a Youslmplymustcome.
a sayyou'llcome!
Please 1 (accept)Thanks,
that soundslovely!
a It wouldn't be the samewithout you.
a I won't take 'no' for an answer. 2 (refuse)
| reallywishI couldcomebut ...

Choosefromthe phrases
aboveto inviteyour 3 (accept)
Thatwouldbe wonderful!
friendto:

1 yourbirthdayparty. 4 (refuse)l'd loveto, but ...

Pleasesayyou'llcometo mybirthday party!
2 your schoolconcert.
It wouldbegreatif youcouldcomealongto my Yourturn
school concert. pen-friend
3 stayat yourhousefor theweekend.
5 YourEnglish hasinvitedyouto her
sixteenthbirthdayparty.Writean e-mail
Yousimplymustcomeandstayat my house replyingto herinvitation(60-80words).In
for theweekend. youre-mail,youshould
ne
4 Choosefromthe phrases in the boxto . thankherfor inviting
you
UT
accepVrefuse
an invitationto: . refuse giving
the invitation, a reason
a6
Jv
o suggestmeeting upanother time
. . 1 yourbestfriend's
dinnerparty.
_t 2 go on a packageholidayto Spainwith your Usethe planbelowto writeyoure-mail.
-ro friend. (SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
llv 3 havea mealout with vourfriendand his/her
paren$.
4 yourcousin'shousewarmingparty.
)o
/e
re
'to
lan[ua[g
Acceptinglnvitations
Dear (+ yourfNendsfirst name),
rt Introduction
I (Pan l) opening remarks
a Thatwould be greaVwonderful!
a Thanks,that soundslovely! Main Body
a I would reallyloveto! (Paru 2) tbankfriend- refusegiving reason
a I wouldn't missit for the world! (e.9.studyfor exam)
:n (Yan 3) suggestmeetingu1tanotber time
a Thankyou, l'll definitelycome/bethere.
n (e.g.nut weekend)
T] Refusing Invitations Conclusion
(Para 4) closing remarks
a That'sso kind,but I reallycan't.I
Yours,
a l'd loveto, but ...
(yourfirst name)
o Thanksso much,but ...
a Thanks,but l'm afraidI can't makeit
a I reallywishI couldcomebut ...
75
 Time
Festive l'm Sandy Cane and I'm 12. In
the UK we've got a specialday

parties are really fun

VocabularyPractice
because we 8) light big
Festivals & Special Days bonfires and 9) let off

Readwhat thesepeoplesayabouttheir
andfill in the blankswith
favouriteholidays
the wordsbelow.
. cooks. card. music. light. letoff
. chocolates
. exchanqe . throw . visit
2 Crossthe oddword out, asin the example.

1 chopped,
sliced, WM, grated
2 maincourse, trF#G, starter,dessert
I'm Marc Sarrazinand I'm 25 yearsold. 3 hot,spicy,bitter,Fi€
I'd say that Thanksgiving is mY 4 paragliding,
$dt, bowling.tennis
favourite holiday. In the USA it's 5 course,pitch,poiS, rink
celebrated in a very big way. My
mum l) cooks a special dinner 3 Matchthe wordsin the columns andthenuse
with stuffed turkey and vegetables. themto fill in the gapsin the sentences
below.
we 2) visitfriends
In the afternoon,
and relatives. We 3) exchange F-l-el bitter a chicken
greetings and watchfootballtogether. t-2-l-r-l
hot b cheese
FTbl grated c nours
FTE-]grilled d eggs
FTq eafly e chocolate
1.fl:)#_r,litittfll!-r.+-q,ry.r.1
.t ii+ruiwi. "
reTd-l scrambled f chillipepper

1 A: What wouldyou sayyourfavouritething is

My name is RoisinJoyce and I'm from
lreland.I like mosi celebrations,but
my birthday is my favourite day of
the year. I alwayscelebratethe
day in style! This year my
parents gave me a beautiful
4) card and a huge box of
delicious Later,mY
5f chocolates.
friends took me io a fancy
restaurantwhere we had a great
mealand then listenedto live6) music
untilaftermidnight.
rtaipr,,fllj,qWi$U.$W;$W.$$W
76
ffihru.*.
to havefor breakfast?
B: Hmmm,I guessl'd haveto sayscrambled
eggswith toast.
2 A . What wasthe weddingcakemadewith?
B : It was made with vanilla sorbet, fresh
rasberries
and bitterchocolate.
3 A : Areyou readyto orderyourmaincourse,Sir?
B : Yes.I thinkl'll havethe grilledchickenwith
a bakedpotato.
4 A: What time did you get back from your
date lastnight?
B: Gosh, I don't know We danced and
laugheduntrlthe earlyhours.
5 A: Thesauceis quitespicy
B: Didyou useanyhot chillipeppers?
 € +: Can I servethe pastanow? 2 We passedall our exams.Let'sgo out a n o
ts: No, wait. We have to put the grated havea greattime.
cheeseon first. We passedall our exams Let'sgo out a n d
havea ball.
-tnderlinethe correctword, as in the example. 3 | just starteda new job and believeme it's a
1 5he refusedto giveme the reeips/prescription completely differentsituationfor me
ror herapplepie. I just starteda new job and believeme it'sa
j think l'll havethe raw/steamedriceinsteao wholenew ballgame.
4 lf you're not going to be co-operative,
you
cf Frenchfries.
3 Did you want your steak with melted/ mightaswelljust leavethe class.
lf you'renot goingto playball,you mightas
mashedpotatoes?
4 ilcan't believehow expensive welljust leavethe class.
a bottle of still/
5 I lent you the moneyso now you must be
bubblywater is at this restaurant.
5 You'll haveto get a new set of golf skates/ responsible and pay it back.
I lentyouthe moneyso now the ballisin your
clubsfor the matchnextweek.
6 Can you believethere were over 20,000 court
viewers/:peclqlorsat the match?
Completethe sentenceswith althoughor in
7 Do you know who the finalistsare in the
spiteofldespite.
tennis tournament/contest?
I That man over there was a silver medal 1 Although I like boxing,I think it is a very
defender/winnerat the GreekOlympics. dangerous sport.
9 Why don't you join the school volleyball 2 Despite/lnspite of being expensive,I tove
society/team? skiing.
'10 3 | thinkcross-country
runningis fun, despite/in
Thefinalscore/pointof the gamewas12-2.
spiteof beingverychallenging.
5 llvlatch
the sportsin the listto the verbsin the 4 Jogging is an excellentway to get fit,
table. a l t h o u g hi t i st i r i n g .
'Hang-gliding
n diving. ice-skating 5 isexcitingalthoughit isexpensive.
. hang-gliding
. athletics
. basketball. cross-country
running. aerobics Phrasalverbs
' bungee .
jumping scuba diving. baseball
'snowboarding . yTln6trrfing
. swimming 8 Complete the sentencesusingverbsfromthe
listin the correctform.
i diving,ice-skating, hang-gliding. cross-country, . carryr put r bring. 199L
r u n n r n g .b u n g e e j u m p i n g , s c u b a d i v i n g ,
1 A: You should have stoppedwhen you
snowboarding. windsurfing, swimming
realised youhadhurtyourankle.
basketball.
baseball B : l k n o w , b u t i f l h a d n ' t c a r r i eodn , I
wouldn'thavecomein second.
athletics,
aerobics 2 A: Haveyou any ideawhat broughton his
illness?
B . Probablythe fact that he went out in the
Rewritethe sentences
with the correctidiom coldwith no jacketon.
fromthe listbelow.
3 A : Didyou seethe smileon Sam'sfacewhen
r ballisinyourcourt. havea 56ll o playbal he finished
the race?
. wholenewballQdmeo gettheballrolling
B : Yes.He was happy becausehe knew his
dadwas lookingon.
1 Let'sstartthe process
andstartthe baseball
9ame. 4 A : Are you ready?
Let'sget the ball rollingand beginthe B : Justlbt me put on my coatandwe cango
qame
baseball
77
 Grammarin Use 11 A: Do you mind c ng (call)Tna to see if
she'scomingtonight?
(to) infinitive/-ingform
B: Sure, I was planning to call (call) her
Completethe gapswith the correctform of anyway.
the verbsin brackets.
12 A: I can't believeyou forgot to take (take)
1 A: lwant to ride(ride)my bikein the park. your baseballglovewith you.
B: Me too. Can I come(come)with you? B: I meantto put (put) it in the bag but then
I forgot.
2 A: I am really looking forward to going (go)
to the match on Saturday. 2 in thecorrectformto
Usetheverbsin brackets
B: l'm not. I hatewatching(watchXootball. complete
thesentencesaboutJenny.
3 A: You had better get (get) lots of practice Jennyusedto 1) play(play)tennistwice a week
beforebasketball seasonstarts. (exercise)
but shestopped2) exercising lastyear
B: I agree.I will try to work (work) out as when she started3) working (work) long hours
often as I can. as an investmentbanker.Although Jenny has
beenavoiding4) eating(eat) fast food at work,
4 A: Will you be allowedto eat (eat) sweets
she has put on weight. Her doctorsaysthat she
afterthe operation?
must 5) joln (oin) a gym as soonas possibleand
B: Not really.My doctorsaidlwill needto cut
try 6) to lose(lose)weight. Jennycan't wait to
down (cut down) on fat and sugar.
7) start (start) exercising
and is lookingforward
5 A: Did you rememberto wish (wish) Paul to 8) getting(get) in shape.
HappyBirthday?
B: Oh, no! | forgot.l'll call(call)him now! Circle
thecorrect
answer.
3
A: Stop biting (bite) your nails and calm 1 A: l'll neverforgetto scorel66rind>tfrat
oown- winninggoalin the hockeymatch.
B: Sorry but l'm too nervousright now to B: Yes,but you forgotthanking
calm(calm)down. yourcoachfor allthe helpandtime he gave
vou beforethe finals.
7 A : There'sno point waiting (wait) for Liz.
She'lltake hoursto get ready. 2 A: Whydon'tyou try to drinkl@.
B : How aboutmeeting(meet)her laterthen? glassof water?
B: I did that. t'tttry@/ to hold my
8 A : It'sno usewaiting(wait) in the queuefor breathfor a minute.Maybethat will stop
tickets. myhiccups.
B : How about ordering(order)them on line
3 A: Let'sttop@/ buyingsomething at
then?
thatboutioue.
9 A : Sallycan'twait to join (oin) the swimming You shouldstop to
B: You can't be serious.
team. tr'op@tt shopslikethat.
expensive
B : I know. She'splanningto go (go) to try- 4 A: They usedto@/ going to the gym at
outs on Friday. leasttwicea week,buttheystopped.
B: I couldn'tstandthat.l'm usedtoGGibl
1 0 A : Coach,will you let me play (play) in the
get regularexercise.
finalmatch?
B : l'm afraidit'stoo lateto take (take)on any 5 A: Didyourememb.r@/ pickingup
new players, Jim. somemilkfromthe shop?
B: Yes,but I don't rememberto pay /
for it!

78
 dl Usethe phrasesin the list to completethe
5 Readtheexamples.
Usethestructuresto
about how to keep in shape.you
sentences yourpreferences.
express Thencomplete the
may haveto changethe form of the verbs. exchanges
usingsimilar
structures.
. talk you out of yourfitnessgoals (SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
. try to go to the gym threetimesa week
:e) I'd preferto stayat home.
r eat fatteningfoods . warm up e over-exercise
I prefercyclingto jogging.
l'd ratherplaytennisthan(play)basketball
-t I 1 Youshouldtry to go to the gym threetimesa
l'd bettergo to thegym.
week to establish
good fitnesshabits.
2 Avoid eating fattening foods or you'll gain 1 A :Sheshouldexercisemoreoften.
weight. B : She'dbetterdo moreexercise.
3 Don't let otherstalk you out of your fitness
2 A : Why don't we go to the footballmatch?
reK goalsor you'llbe disappointedin yourself B : l'd preferto stayat home.
:dl 4 You mustn'tover-exercise
as you will get sore
3 A : I like exercising
at home morethan at the
lr5 muscles.
gym.
td5 5 Rememberto warm up before doing any
| prefergoingto the gym.
B: Really?
rK, Srrenuous
ine exercise
or you couldhurt yourself. 4 A: Shallwe go to the courtsfor a gameof
nd souash?
IO
B: Actually,l'd ratherplay tennisthan (play)
Lookat the table,then rewritethe sentences
)rd souash.
usingthe verb in bracketsin the correctform.

-ing form
Word Forrnation
Infinitive
Present (to) work playing 7 Matchthe wordsto formcompound
nouns.
Present
Continuous
(to) be working tTr6-lyo9a a u p
Perfect (to) haveworkec havingworked rzF-trunner- b classes

Perfect (to) havebeen

l3I"l hang- c diet

Continuous
t4l-.1body d drinks
working
trl-d-tfizzy e gliding

Da 1 Patis sorryhe fouledthe memberof the other

rcTqbalanced f image

team. (regret)
my
Sentencetransformations
Patregretsfouling/having fouledthe member
:op of the otherteam. 8 Completethesecondsentencesothatit
Tom has improvedhis servingskillsover the means thesameasthefirst.Usenomorethan
lastyear.(seem)
threewords.
Tomseemsto haveimprovedhisservingskills 1 Chrislookslikehe is reallyenjoyinghimself.
to overthe lastyear. Chrisseemsto be enjoyinghimself.
to L, Our team is losingby five pointsand there is 2 Lastyear he wasn't in the team becausehe
onlya minuteleft in the game.(appear) was veryyoung.
O L

Our team appearsto be losingby five points
andthereis onlya minuteleft in the game.
9t
He usuallygoesto all hisschoolmatches.(tend)
He tendsto go to all hisschoolmatches.
up
The boys say they have been practisingvery
hardlately.(claim)
t!9
The boysclaimto have been practisingvery
hardlately
Lastyearhe wastoo youngto be in the team.
3 He can'twait to be in the finalsin spring.
He is lookingforwardto beingin the finalsin
spnng.
4 Maybehe will be a verygood basketball
player.
He hopeshe will become/tobecomea verv
good basketballplayer.
5 I'm gladthe coachput him in the team.
It was nice of the coachto put hirn in the
team.
79
 Reading
Lookat the sentences belowaboutan
eatingcontest.Readthe text to
decideif eachsentence is corrector
incorrect.Markthe sentences asA, i
correct,or B, if incorrect.
hinkof yourfavourite food.Do
t
I youhunger forhamburgers? Do
jam doughnuts makeyour mouth
water? Do you crave chocolate
milkshakes or, perhaps,something
healthierlikestrawberriesor mango?
Now,howwouldyouliketo entera
competitionto eat mouthfulafter
mouthfulas quicklyas possible?
Would a prize of five thousand
dollarstemptyouto try?Well,if this
is yourideaof fun,you'renotalone.
Competitive eatingis now a well-
organised activityfor thousandsof
people from all over the world,
althoughit's most popularin the
USA,wherethetradition began.
Nathan'sHot Dog EatingContest
takesplaceeveryFourthof Julyin
Coneylsland,NewYork.According
to legend, in 1916,fourimmigrants
hada hotdogeatingcontestat the
site of the first Nathan'sstandto
showwho was the mostpatriotic.
Today, the competitionbrings
togethermanyof the world'sbest
competitiveeaters. The current
champion is Japan's Takeru
Kobayashi, who set a worldrecord
of eating 53lz hot dogs in 12
minutes,but this year he faces
the prizeat an eatingcompetition
Ususally
money.
2 Competitive
eatingohlyhappens in the USA.B
3 Nathan'sHot Dog EatingContestfirsttook
place
in1916.
4 OnlyAmericanscompetein the contest.
5 Theworldrecordholderisa man.
80
toughcompetition fromAmerica'sSonyaThomas,'TheBlack
Widow', whoholdsthe recordforeating65 hardboiledeggsin
7 minutes.
Otherworldrecordsincludeeating137 chickenwingsin 30
minutes,972boxesof popcornin 12 minutes andalmosta kilo
of butterin 5 minutes,but don't imagineyou haveto be
enormous to breaka record.Kobayashiweighsjust 65 kilos
andThomasweighsonly55 kilos.In fact,beingoverweight is
thoughtto be a disadvantage
in competitive
eatingas bodyfat
stops the stomachfrom expandingas much as it could.
Kobayashi expandshis stomachfor a competition by eating
largerand largeramountsof food,andthenexercises so the
fatwillnotgetin thewayduringa competition.
The rules of Nathan'sHot Dog EatingContestare quite
simple.Twentycompetitors standbehinda longtablewithhot
dogsanddrinks.Thecompetitors caneatthemhowever they
like,butmostusually
diptheirfoodin waterto makeit easierto
chewand swallow.Whoevereats (andkeepsdown)the most
hot dogsin 12 minutesis the winner.'lt's all aboutwillpower,'
saysKobayashi, whojust picksup anotherhotdog,tearsit in
halfand stuffsbothhalvesintohis mouth.Soundsdelicious,
doesn'tit?
is 6 Mostrecordbreakers areoverweight.
A 7 lt'sa good ideato increase
the amountsof
foodyou eat beforea competition.
8 Therearemanyrulesto obeyat the contest. B
A 9 Competitorscan'ttouchthe food with their
B hands.
A 10 Thewriterof the articiethinksthe
arefun.
comoetitions B
 Listening& Speaking A: Do you playvolleyball?
A:@ fr...sometimes.
Festivals
b lt mightbe.
Youwill heara conversationbetween A: How often do you rideyour bike?
JanetandSheilaaboutan annualfestivalthat B:a ldo.
theyarethinkingof attending.Forquestions
@ whenever
I can
1-6chooseA, B or C.
5 A: Do you drinka lot of fizzydrinks?
1 Wholivesin thetownof Pictou? B:@ Not really.
@ Janet b l'd loveone.
B Sheila
C JanetandSheila Asking for/Giving directions
2 Sheila
saysthatsheismostinterested
in
A goingto thebeach.
3 a. Completethe conversationwith the
expressions
below.
@ learningaboutPictou. o nextto the offices
C catchingfishin the o theyarejustbehindit
lake. r Yes,sorry.
Where's the gym,please
I ne testlvtttes at :
: i . Youneedto turnrightat reception

n
the HectorFestival,,.i A: Youlookkindof lost.CanI helpyou?
lastfor B: 1) Yes,sorry. thegym,please?
Where's
lra
)l'-l
A oneday. A: lt's2) nextto theoffices.
B two days. B: Howdo I getto the offices?
l€ @ fivedays. A: 3) Youneedto turn rightat reception.
]S The festival is held in ''::::'::'
':'t:t:'''':'t':'::::
":':: B: Arethe officesnextto receotion?
IS A: Actually,4) theyarejustbehind
honourof it.
A a boat. B: Thanks a lot.
o"
@ a groupof people. b. Complete
the dialogue
with the expressions
C a specialanniversary.
t6 below.
Whatwill Sheilado for the firsttime?
o Howdo youtravelto workeveryday?
@ f'earbagpipemusic o Howoftendo youexercise?
F+
IE B listento Scottishsingers I Whatdo youusuallyhavefor lunch?
oi C watch Scottishdancing r
l\,,
Whatdoyouusually drink?
rl
Who getsa discounton ticketsto the events? A: Wouldyou saythat your eatinghabitsare
tc
A students healthy?
r, B adults B : I supposeso.
If- @ students
andolderpeople A: 1) What do you usuallyhavefor lunch?
D
B : It depends,really.lt's usuallya packedlunch
from home.
Avoidingdirectquestions
A: 2) What do you usually drink?
Circle
thecorrect
response. B : About 2 litresof water per day,plusfruit juice
for breakfast.
1 A: Do you drinka lot of water? A: 3) How often do you exercise?
B: a llikeit. B : Unfortunately, I don't asI work reallylonghours.
@ t,totthatmuch,I guess. 4) How do you travelto work everyday?
2 A: Do you eat anydairyproducts? B : Sometimes I walk but most of the time I take
the bus.
B: a Exactly.
@ trtotthat often.

81
 Writing (a surveyreport)
Gettingstarted
Readtherubricandunderlinethekeywords/phrases.
Whatwords/phrases
canyouthinkof related
to the
wordsurvey?
report,
statistics,
results,
carry
out,information,
questions,
majority.
minority,
percenrerc
Your teacher has askedyou to write a survevreport about the improvements
studentswould like madeto their school.

Writea reportaboutthe improvements

yourfellowclassmates
wouldlikemadeto theirschool.

Let'slook closer

2 a. Readthe reportandfill in the subheadings

below.Thereis one
subheadingyoudo not needto use.
' Introduction
o Foodo conclusiono VegetarianDisheso Drinks

Ms Pash,Headmistress
JanFerguson,
ClassPresident
Schoolimprovements
12thJanuary

@ lntroduction (Para 1) state the purpose and

Theaim of this reportis to presentthe resultsof a surveyin which
content of the report
500 pupilswere questionedabout the improvements they would
likemadeto the school.

Wprood
The majorityof the pupilswould liketo seea largervarietyof food (Para 2) present the results of
in the schoolcafeteria.In fact,threeout of fivewould liketo seea the sur-vey related to food
vegetariandishon the menueachdav.

fu*.Orinks
Althoughmanypupilsdrink fizzydrinks,fruit drinksare more (Para 3) present the results of
popularamongthe students.Fiftypercentof the pupilsaskeo the survey related to drinks
admittedhavingmorethan onefizzydrinkperday,however, thev
saidtheywouldpreferfruitdrinks.

fua, Conclusion
Tosumup.a largenumberof pupilspreferto havevegetarian meals
andfruit drinksinstead
of junkfoodor fizzydrinkson the menu.I
recommend that the SchoolBoardtake actionto make more (Para 4) summarise the points
healthyoptionsavailable
to pupils.

b. Readthereportandcomplete the paragraphplan.Inwhichparagraph(s)

doesthewriterpresent
the
results
of hissurvey?
Inwhichparagraph(s)doeshesummarisehispoints?
ln whichparagraph(s)
does
hestatethe purposeandcontentof hisreport?

82
 Whichof thefollowingaretruewhenwe write 1 therefore 3 directly excellent
a survey?Lookat the reportin Ex.2 and 2 Whatismore 4 Finally
answer.
a Thestyleof writingis informal. . rmprove
thecentre
T
b Thepersonwho is goingto readthe report
r theaimof thisreportis
is someonein authority. T
6) l've written this report to recommendways
c We write our pointsundersubheadings.
T
to 7) make the centre better.
6 Theaimof this 7 rmprove
tnecentre
reoortts

. attract . alteredo to sumuo

8) To cut a long story short, the community

centrewould 9) get morepeopleif somethings
were 10) changed.
8 Tosumup 10 altered
9 attract

Yourturn
6 a. Youwork for the localnewspaper. The
editorhasaskedyou to carryout a survey
in orderto find out what peoplein your
town would liketo seedoneto improvethe
4 Completethe following sentenceswith items communitycentre.Readthe ideasbelow
from the box above. andput themunderthe correct
1 Thepurpose/aim
subheadings in the table.
of this reportisto showwhat
the majorityof pupilsfeelabout cafeteriafood. r stayopenlateat theweekends
2 The majorityof pupilswant healthierfood to
o dancecompetitions
. cake& second-hand clothes
sales
be servedin the cafeteria.
. largercanteen
3 Onlya smallnumberof studentsbringpacked
o newtennisballsandracquets
lunches.
. largerseatingarea
4 As requested,this report was written/carried
. bingoevenings
out to presentthe resultsof a surveyregarding . baby-changing room
the W programmes teenagerspreferto watch. . disabledWC
5 The extractsbelow are written in the wrong
larger canteen, larger seating area,
style. Readthem and replacethe words/ facilities
phrasesin bold with more suitableones from baby-changing
room,disabled
WC
the lists. equipment newtennisballsand racouets
. finally. excellent
. whatismore dance competitions,cake & second-
more events
. directly. therefore handclothessales,
bingoevenings
openrng
stayopen lateat the weekends
ParkdaleCommunityCentre is one of the most hours
convenientyouthcentresin town. lt is locatednear
the secondary school'l) so it is easilyaccessible b. Usethe informationfrom Ex.6a aswell as
to
yourown ideasto write the surveyreport.
students.2) Also, there is a large skating rink
Youcanusethe reportin Ex.2 asa model.
3) right behindit. 4) The last thing is, there are
(SeeSuggested Answers Section)
5) good facilitiesfor peoplewith specialneeds.

83
 '{} ',&;'
ffir
r WY 4:
ffiffi-
4 : \&w
&f
*,

Unit 1
a People
Drawlinesto completethe mindmaps
with thesewords.Youcanaddyourown words,too. Compare
with
yourpartner.
. c u i l y . b e a r rdw d W . S l i m . b r o w .ns t r a i g h t . m o u s t a c h e . s h o r t . f r rebcakllde.sp l u m p . n e i g h b o u
. a v e r a g e h e i g h t . t h o u g .hctuf ur il o u s . c a r e l e s s . b l u e . S feeeeanr l y t e e n s . b r o t h e r . f o r g.estifsut le r
.middle-aged.cousin.old.co-worker.disorganised.thin.ambitious.selfish.funny.c
. bestfriend. imaqinative . classmate o honesto tall

ffi ffi

':,rr.'.
;::1,' .'rr.,:rrr. .,.t,t.:,.r.,,,..
..,ltl:tlt.Ur,t:,ltll:,1:''
\ l
1 l
V l

{\"=**-l
r.r"rr'rt""-l

lrlllrliit.:lt,,r,atti

specialfeatures

2 Choose word.Usethe phrases

thecorrect of yourown.
in sentences

1 givehim the benefiVrightof the doubt 6 noisereallygetson my nerves/head

2 do/make me a favour 7 get into trouble/fun
3 keepan ear/eyeon things 8 my feeling/sense of humour
4 it drives/leadsme crazy 9 seelife in a comicallamp/light
5 hold/keeRon good termswith 10 what comesto mind/headwhen
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection
o Chores

3 Completethe verbs.Make sentencesusingthe phrases.

1 mop the floor 5 deliverthe furniture

2 feed the pet 6 vacuumthe carpets
3 clearthe table 7 changethe sheets
4 takeout the rubbish 8 cleanthe oven
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)

86
 U n i t2
. The Environment
Drawlinesto complete
the mindmap
with thesewords.Inpairs,addtwo moreto eachcategory.
' p r a i r i e . b a l d e a g l e . b.ibsooan. s e a t u r t l e . h e d g e r o w . p a n d a . b ou m t t eo rufnl yt a i n s
' c h i m p a n zeesep o t t e d d o l p. thi g
i ne r . b r o w n h a r e . o c e a n . c h i n c h i l l ae. loi zt taerrodb e eo a n t
. cockroach .woodlands . farmland .jungle. pond. river. lake.wetlands . macaw

2 Complete
thephrases.
Usethemin sentences
of yourown.
o release. cut down . environmental. soil . endangered.
factory . air . danger . wildlife . live
'l
cut down trees 6 soilerosion
2 endangered species 7 to release oxygen
3 environmental groups 8 airpollution
4 wildlifehabitat 9 be in dangerof extinction
5 factorywaste 10 livein the wild
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
on) 3 Putthewordsin brackets
intothecorrectform.

1 Thetiger is a(n)dangerous
(danger)species.We mustdo what we canto protectit.
2 Manyplantsareon the vergeof extinction(extinct).
3 one of our mainconcernsisthe protection(protect)of the environment.
4 san DiegoZoo is famousfor its animalbreeding(breed)programmes.
5 | don't think it was his intention(intend)to drop litter in the Nationalpark.
6 she is studyingenvironmental (environment)scienceat university.
7 Thelocalcouncilis tryingto makeimprovements (improve)to the town park.
8 We arefull of admiration(admire)for her because shedoesso muchfor the environment.
9 Don'tswimthere!Thewater is contaminated (contaminate).
10 lf treesarecut down,then soilerosion(erode)willoccur.
87
 ffi-l
h#f
tr ffiWffiffiw w
U n i t3
. Travel
A to thewordsin Column
Matchthewordsin Column B.

A
f-fl-alboarding lSTil check-in a pass e free
l-216-lboot loTEl buffet b lock f desk
m flat lTTdI road c car g hour
@ rush lE'Iel outy d map h tyre

2 Putthe wordsin the list underthe correctcategory.

. l a n d i n g . s e a t b e l t . t a k e -.ocfrfu i s e . c a r r i a gr beo o t . f l i g h t r c o m p a r t m e n t . c h e c ke -pi l6a t f o r m
. c a b i n o s t a t i o ne p o r t o a c c e l e r a troerx h a u s t p i poeb o n n e t . d e c k . s t e e r i n g w h e. 6etl i u g 1o p i l o t
. captain. crew . ticketinspector. airsteward

compartment,
seatbelt,boot, accelerator,carriage, takeoff, flight,landing, cabin,port,deck,
cruise,
exhaustpipe,bonnet, platform,station,deck, compartment, checkin, captarn
steeringwheel,driver firlzof in<nortnr
' J V L ! ! v ' pilot,crew,air steward

. Accommodation

3 Listthewordsundertherightheadings.
. cottage. lawn. terraced . garden. detached . two storeyo bungalow. bedsitt corridor. landing
o attic. cellar. hall. garage. fence. flowerbeds. semi-detached
r fifthfloor. flat . balcony . drain

cottage,terraced,detached,two bedsit,corridor, garage,

landing,attic,cellar, lawn,garden,balcony,
storey,bungalow,fifth floor,flat, hall fence,flowerbeds,
drain
semi-detached

4 Underline item.
thecorrect
1 We took a beautifulwalk along/bythe beach.
2 lt is cheaperto travelthereon/by car.
3 Whenwe get towards/offthe ship,we'll takethe busstraightto the hotel.
4 lt takesthem aboutfifteenminutesto go to the beachon/by foot.
5 Walktowards/alongthe train stationand you'llseethe bankon your right

88
 U n i t4
. Education
Usethe words:enrolling,resit,miss,seminor,sitting,university,
Correctthe sentences. revise.
subjects,

1 | can'tcomewith you.l'm passing an examtomorrow.sitting

2 Theschooloffersa widerangeof lessons. subjects
3 resit
lf I failmyexam,l'll haveto do it nextSeptember.
4 Before an exam,youshouldreadfor it. revise
5 lf youloseclasses, youwon'tdo wellin the exams.mtss
6 He'sa professor in a primaryschool.university
7 Theprofessor gavea 45-minute conferenceon endangered species.
seminar
8 l'm interested in attendingin thatcourse.enrolling

2 Circle
theoddoneout.
1 art,matfrs,@-rD 4 classroom,
lab,@
z tea.r'"r,(r@professor s GEd-e)test,exam
g G;G;;;ok, pen primaryGGil)
6 secondary,

o H u m a nS o u n d s

3 Put the verbs into the correctform to completeeach sentence.

o g r u n t . w h i s t l e . c o u g h . s n o r e . s n e e z e. y a w n . s i g h . y e l p . s n i f f o g r o a n

1 My fathersnoresso loudlywhen he'ssleepingthat he keepseverybody

elseawake!
2 Thefanswhistledwhen the strikermissedan open goal.
3 Shegroanedin surprlse
when I suddenlyopenedthe door.
4 Hewas in sucha bad moodthat when I spoketo him he just gruntedin reply.
n how muchwork he had to do.
5 Robertsighedwearilywhen he realised
6 Heyawnedloudlyand then saidhe was goingto bed.
7 My motherhasstoppedcoughingsinceshegaveup smoking.
8 | alwayssneezewhen I smellpepper.
afraidthat he couldsmellsmoke.
9 He sniffedthe air suspiciously,
10 | gavea smallyelpof surprise
when he told me how muchmoneyhe earned. r

o Sounds

4 Fillin thegapsin thesentences formof theappropriate

belowwiththecorrect verb.
sound
o sing. howl. rumble. creakr rustle
. crackle
1 As we werewalkingthroughthe forest,the leavesrustledin the wind.
creakedundermy weight.
2 | walkedslowlyacrossthe robmand the floorboards
3 What a beautifulday!Thesunisshining,a breezeis blowingandthe birdsaresinging.
4 | thinkthereisgoingto be a storm.I canhearthunderrumblingin the distance.
the wind howledreallyloudly.
5 | didn't sleepa wink all night because
6 We decidedto stavin and watchW in front of the cracklinqfire.
89
 Unit5
. Moods& Feelings
Underlinethe correctword in eachsentence.

1 He clenched/curled hisfist angrilywhen he heardthe bad news.

2 Shealwaystwists/crosses her legswhen she'ssittingdown. ;.,
3 The boysstood in front of the teacherwith their headsbowed/bent.
4 He folded/creased hisarmsand thought for a momentbeforeanswering.
5 The guardstood smartlyto attentionwith his backstraighvstiff.
6 Sheput her handson her legs/fr,ipandlookedat the dirty roomwith her mouth open.

. Waysof looking

2 Fill in; glare, blink, glimpse,wink, stare,peer, glance,frown, gozed, peep.

1 Sheglancedat me in disbelief
when ltold herthe news.
2 Sheblinkedher eyesrapidlyasshetriedto stop hertears.
3 As we drovethroughthe park,we gazedsomesquirrels playingin the trees.
4 Thelittleboy put hishandsoverhisfaceand peepedshylyat us throughhisfingers.
5 Therefereeglimpsedquicklyat hiswatch and then blew hiswhistleto startthe game.
6 | peeredthroughthe dirtywindow tryingto seewho was in the room.
7 Theexhausted
hikersstaredat the campflre in silenceasthe flamesslowlydied.
8 Our teacherfrownedwith disappointment when shesaw how badlywe had done in the test.
9 Sheglaredangrilyat the boyswho had brokenherwindow.
10 My brotherwinkedat me to show me that therewas nothingto worryabout.

o Ways of walking

3 Underlinethe correctword in eachsentence.

1 Theystrolled/creptslowlyaroundthe park,enjoyingthe eveningsunshine.

2 Thesoldiersstamped/marched smartlyacrossthe square.
3 Shehopped/ploddedslowlyup the hill,the heavyshoppingbagscuttinginto her hands.
4 I must havetramped/crawledthe streetsfor hoursbeforeI found a placeto sleep.
5 Everybody cheeredwhen the exhausted athletefinallystaggered/strayed
acrossthe finishingline.
-
6 ln the dark,I stumbled/driftedon a stoneand nearlyf.ll
7 Thecaptainstalked/limpedslowlyfrom the fieldaftertwistinghisankle.
8 Thetouriststrooped/wanderedaroundthe market,not reallywantingto buy anything.

o Ways of laughing

4 Underline
thecorrect
wordin eachsentence.
1 Theteacherbecameannoyedwith the littlegirrs'childishgrinning/giggling.
2 He chuckled/grinned quietlyto himselfas he readher amusingtettE--
3 | couldtell from the biggrin/laughon hisfacethat he was pleasedaboutsomething.
4 Shegavea politesmile/giggleof thankswhen her bossconqratulated her.
90
 U n i t6
r Entertainment
Complete
the spidergram
with asmanywordsaspossible.

drama children's
action

comedy true lifestory

scrence
fiction
fictional fantasv

2 Fill in: review, trailer, foyer, plot, performonce.

1 Beforethe mainfilm therewas a trailerfor the followingweek'sfilm.

2 The reviewby the "Times"criticwas good.
3 Let'sgo to the 9 o'clockperformance shallwe?
4 We can meet in the foyerif you like.
5 Theplotwas ratherdulland unimaginative.

3 Underlinethe correctword.

1 The conductorand the orchestra/bandbowed at the end of the concert.

2 Beethovenwas a musician/cogg1.
3 We haven'tseenthis groupon stage/theatre.
4 Thespectators/aug[ence listenedin silence.
5 Theviewers/fansscreamed wildlywhen the bandstartedsinging.
6 We'vealwayswantedto hearthem live/alivein concert.
7 Theirnew CD is in the peaUtop ten.
8 We couldn'thearthe lyrics/plotverywell, but we were gladto be at this concert.

4 Crossthe odd one out.

1 star;blockbuster;film,Dhcd. 5 theatre,cinema,caf6,@@
2 audience, film,rfbsEe, applause 6 concert hall, q:mdy, musical performance,
3 Fq@. album,track,song band
4 subtitles,dubbed,)d<(English cast,director,Hieq.film

91
 U n i t7
. Work

1 Usethe words and phrasesin the box to completethe text below.

' a p p l i e d f o r . i n t e r v i e w s . b e o f f e r e d a j o b . p r o m o t e d . s a c k e d . s e l f - e m p .l o
f ryeeedl a n c e
. out of work . shiftwork o overtime. employer. maderedundant

I am proudto saythat I haveneverbeen1) sackedfrortranyjob, but I was 2) maderedundantjust overa yearago.

eventhough I had recentlybeen 3) promotedto senioreditor. After that, I was 4) self-employedfor about six
monthsand in that time I must have5) appliedfor hundredsof jobs and gone for dozensof 6) interviews. I was
beginningto think I would never7) be offereda job again,eventhough I am quitepreparedto do g) shiftwork ano
as much9) overtimeas an 10) employercouldpossibly ask.Thenmy luckchanged.A friendtold me abouta course
for 11) freelance
writers.Surprisingly,
the thought of workingfor myselfhad nevercrossedmy mind,but I decided
that being12) out of work might not be sucha bad idea,after all.Sofar,thingsaregoingquitewell.

2 Choose
thecorrect
answer
A, Bor C.
1 Vivianisn'tat hometonight;she'sworkingthe 5 Youcantrusthercompletely;she's
very..........
.
night reliable B dedicated C patient
@
A overtime @ shift C hours
M i k ew o r k sf o r a p u b l l s h i n. g. . . . . . ... .
Whydon'tyouapplyfor thisjob?Youhavegot A business B industry @ company
verygoodcomputer
She finds her job very ..........;
all she does is
A degree B licence @ skills
answerthe phoneand type a coupleof letters
3 Jasonwantsto p u r s uae. . . . . . . .i .n.a d v e r t i s i n g . everyoay.
@ career B job C profession A stressful @ boring C creative
Althoughmy job isn'tverywell-paid,
it's very
..........;
I learnsomething
neweveryday. @ earns B gains C wins
A satisfying @ challenging C repetitive

3 Complete
thesentences
with a wordderived
fromthewordsin brackets.
1 Thisartistmust be verygood;hiswork is quite impressive . (impress)
2 Shewritesthe scriptfor a TV series;it's a very creativejob. (create)
3 lt wasn'tverysensible of you to quit yourjob. (sense)
4 She'sa volunteerfor the RedCross.lsn'tthat interesting? (interest)
5 | won't applyfor thisjob becausel'm not at all interested in this kindof work. (interest)
6 Beverycarefulhow you replyto this e-mail;theseareverygood clients.(care)
7 Why don't you talk to Harryaboutthis business
ideaof yours?He'scompletelyreliable.
(rely)
8 Sheworksfor an environmental organisation.Theydo amazingwork there.(amaze)

92
 U n i t8
. Crime
Completethe sentenceswith derivativesof the words in brackets.

1 When Stuartwent homelastnight,he founda burglarin hisflat. (burgle)

2 Thenumberof muggingsin the neighbourhood hasgonedown the pastcoupleof years.(mug)
3 Themen areguiltyof at leastten bank robberies. (rob)
lo, 4 Thefamilyarewaitingfor a callfrom their son'skidnappers. (kidnap)
stx 5 Shoplifterswill be immediatelyarrested.(shoplifting)
'as 6 Becarefulin this neighbourhood; youngchildrenare usuallypickpocketers.
(pickpocket)
1d 7 He ran afterthe thief but didn't manageto catchhim. (theft)
)C

-U
2 Usethe words in the list to completethe spidergrams.
r w i t n e s sr b a r r i s t e r . d e t e c t i v e . s e c u r i t y g uoaj rudr o r . m u g g e r . t h i e f . b u r g l a rr j u o g e
. bankrobber. offendero policeofficer
mugger
m ugger er
barrist
offender wrtness detective

thief
@ sg6g11g
1uy 6r6

burglar bankrobber

IS
3 Matchthe phrases
in ColumnA to the phrases
in ColumnB.
-rrs
B
re press a to ten yearsin prison
[m break b with blankrobbery
Ff,il found c charges
m appear d guilty
lE-l_e-l
place e underarrest
l-6El besentenced f the law
m becharged g beforethe judge
@ bebrought h in court

4 Complete
thesentences
with thecorrectpreposition.
1 Thepolicearrestedhim for drivingwithout a licence.
2 Hewas chargedwith receiving stolengoods.
3 The men were accusedof theft.
4 Theywere convictedfor a seriouscrimeand sentto prison.
5 Thejudgesentenced them to 10 yearsin prison.

93
 ffiW
%i
9i
ffi
' # #tr"-w
Unit9
. AnimalSounds
Matchthe animalsto the sounds'

miapw hjss
BOAB
%mww
lf Dh*t

Answerssectlon)
(SeeSuggested

. Collectivenouns

2Putatick(/)intheboxestomatchthecollectivenounstotheanimals'

colony /
school /
flock /
/ ,t/
herd
,/
pack
/ ,/
troop
swarm {
/
pride

. Weathersounds
the correctword in eachsentence'
Underline
on the canvas'
to the gentlepatter/clatterof raindrops
1 We satin the tent listening
2Theskygrewdarkandinthedistancetherewasamutter/rumbleofthunder.
3Thewindhowled/murmureda||night,makingitdifficultforustos|eep.
4Thelighteningstruckthegroundandwasimmediatelyfo|lowedbythesuddenclaR/flasho

94
 U n i t1 0
. CookingMethods
Choosethe correctword to completeeachsentence.
. f r y . s t e a m. b o i l . s i m m e ro r o a s t. b a k e . p o a c ho
grill
t steamedvegetables tastebetterand containmorevitaminsthan vegetables that havebeenboiledin water.
2 Eggsareoften friedin a littlefat, but theytastejust as good if they
are poachedin water.
3 You can roastthe potatoesin the ovenwith a little oil, but it
is healthierif you leaveout the oil and iust
bakethem.
4 Fishis deliciousif you grillit overcharcoal,
but you haveto be carefulit doesnot burn.
5 A good stew shouldneverboir,the riquidshourdjust simmergentry.

r Meals

2 Choosethe correctword to completeeachsentence.

r maincourse. sidedish,lr,d.qqSerts . snack
r..sJ.qrtgr
1 | don'thavetimefor a properlunch;I nor,mally
justhavea quicksnack.
2 Wouldyoulikemeator fishfor yourmaincourse?
3 | don't likedesserts
that areverysweet.
4 A freshgreensaladmakes a goodsidedishto go with thismear.
5 we weren'tveryhungry, sowe decided notto havea starterto beginthe mear.

o Sports

3 Underlinethe correctword in eachsentence.

1 That footballclub sufferedtheir heaviestfailure/defeatever

lastweek.Theylost 15-0!
2 l'm sureshewill beavwin, she'smuchfasterthan any of the
others.
3 | liketo playa game/competitionof tenniswheneverI can.
4 The umpire/refereestoppedthe fight when one of the boxers
was injured.
5 Lastnight'sfootball match/contestwas so excitingthat I was
on the edgeof my seat most of the time.
6 Theyhavesomeverygood spectators/glayers and so I think they will be the championsthis season.
7 we're lookingfor peopleto makeup a crowd/team for
cricketthis saturday.Are you interestedin playing?

95
 as in the
Usethe phrasesto makesentences'
Unit 1 example.
I Presentsimpte- Presentcontinuous
they/walk/twohours
Completethe exchangesbelow with the Tkeyhavebeenwnlkingfar twahaurs"
correctform of the verbsin brackets' she/dothe gardening/thismorning
Shehasbeendoingthe gardening thrsmorning
1 A: WhereareYougoing(You/go)?
(you/want) they/sende-mails/morning
B: To the cinema.Do you want
in the morntng'
Theyhavebeensendinge-mails
to come?
2 A: Whereis (be)Yourneighbour? he/workouVtwentYminutes
B: She'sawayon a businesstrip' I am looking He hasbeenworkingout for twentyminutes'
(look)after her gardenat the moment' formof theverb'
thecorrect
4 Underline
the
A: How often do You go (You/go) to
in the
hairdresser's? 1 Jude has been working/hasworked
B : Aboutonceeverytwo months' gardenfor the Pasttwo nours'
dinner
Whyareyousmelling the
(you/smell) 2 Haveyou had/Haveyou been having
flowers? yet?
B: Theysmell(smell)beautiful' 3 .ianehas visited/hasbeen visiting Portugat
A: WheredoesLukework (Luke/work)? before.
book
B: At a bank down town' He works
(work) as 4 Fionahas been reading/hasread this
a clerk. sincelastsummer!
law'
Are you going(You/go)on holidaY? 5 Jameshas studied/hasbeen studying
B : Yes,I am flying (fly) to Londontomorrow He now worksfor a big law firm'
lt's
mornlng. 6 Haveyou evereaten/been eating caviar?
(the train/
7 A: What time doesthe train leave deIcious!
leave)?
5 Filfin:never,yet,for, since,ever,olready'iust'
B: At quarterPasteight'
8 A: Haveyou got anyplansfor tonight? - 1 PaulahasalreadY had dinner'
us/
B: Yes,I am seeing(see)Mike'Careto Joln 2 Helenhasneverbeento Australia'
3 | haven'tfinishedthe projectyet'
) PresentPerfectsimPle- Present 4 We havebeenwaitingherefor overan
hour'

pertedcontinuous 5 Owenhaslivedabroadsrnce2004'
6 HasDavideverhad Chinesefood?
Complete asin the example'
the questions
)3 7 Kate has alreadyleft the building'You might
Then,answerthem aboutYourself' catchuPwith her if Youhurry'
1 HaveYaueverbeento (be)
Paris?
'{es'
lhcve'/ t'la,l'venev*rbeentaParis"
Have.youevergoneDungeejumping?(go)
No,l'venevergonebungeeJumplng'
Haveyou everdrivena lorry?(drive)
Yes,I have.
(meet)
Haveyou evermet anybodyfamous?
Yes,I have
Haveyou evertriedsushi?(tY)
No, I havenevertriedsushi'

96
 Unit 2 ) Will/Goingto
) Modal Verbs
3 Fillin the correctform(begoingtoorwill)
of the
Underline
thecorrect
item. verbsin brackets.

1 A: Thewolf in that cagelookshungry.l'll give 1 A :Why areyou dressedin this suit?

him somethingto eat. B : BecauseI am going to meet (meet) Mr
B: No! You mustn'Udon't have to feed the Sullivan
in an hour.
animals.lt's not allowed. 2 A : What areyour plansfor the summer?
2 A: Yourdog hasbeenbarkingfor ages.Can't B : We are goingto spend(spend)Augustin
you do somethingto keephim quiet? our cottage.
B: lt's time for his walk. I musVshouldtake 3 A: ls Ann here?
him to the oark. B: Yes,sheis.I will get (get) her for you.
3 A: l'm goinghikingin the National Parkat the 4 A: l'm thirsty.
weekend. B: I will make(make)you an orangejuice.
B: Youought to/must weargood hikingboots. 5 A: Why areyou turningon the radio?
4 A: My sonwould reallylikea pet. B: I am goingto listen(listen)to the news.
B: You haveto/shouldget him a puppy. 6 A: I don't know how to usethis blender.
5 A: Didn't you see the sign?You doh't have B : I will show(show)you.
to/mustn't throw rubbishhere. 7 A : It'stoo hot in here.
B : Oh?Sorry.I didn't seethe srgn. B : I will open(open)the window.
A: Don'tforgetto waterthe plantswhile I am 8 A : What areall theseeggsfor?
awayon holiday. B : I am goingto make(make)an omelette.
B : MusVShouldI water them everyday?
A: I think that governmentsought to/havg
to do mor,eto protectthe rainforests.
- Futurepertect
) Futurecontinuous
B : I absolutely
agree. Put the verbs in bracketsinto the correct
4
A: I likezoosbut it's a pity the animalsare in tense.
cages.
B: Yes.They musVshouldbe living in their 1 A: Do you think you will havefinished(finish)
naturalhabitat. by lunch?
B: I thinkso.
2 Write what you must/musfn't
do at the zoo. 2 A: Willyou be seeing(you/see)Tomtomorrow?
B: I don't know yet.
1 feedthe animals(X)
3 A: What will you be doing;(you/do)thistime
Youmustn'tfeedthe animals.
next week?
2 pet the tigers(I)
B: I will be swimming(swim)in the sea.
Youmustn'tpet the tigers.
4 A: Shallwemeettomorrow?
3 obeythe zoo keepers(/)
B: Surebut after 6 o'clock.I will havedone
You mustobeythe zoo keepers
(do) the shoppingby then.
4 keepquiet (/)
5 A: By the end of this yeaq I will havesaved
You must keepquiet.
(save)f 100.
5 climbinto animals'cages(I)
B: Welldone.
Youmustn'tclimbintoanimalcages
6 usea cameraflash(.x)
You mustn'tusea cameraflash.

97
 Unit 3
) PdstsimPle- Pastcontinuous
Put the verbs in bracketsinto the past simple
or the Pastcontinuous.
1 A: Didyou feel(you/feel)the earthquakelast
night?
B: Yes.I was taking(take) a showerwhen it
happened (hapPen).
2 A : Why is Georgeso sad?
B : He was driving (drive) his new car
yesterday when somebodycrashed(crash)
into him from the back.
3 A : l'm meetingSusanlateron.
B : I know. She called(call)me earlierwhile I
was getting(get) readyto comehere.
4 A: What is Fionaso excitedabout?
B: She was walking(walk) down the street
when she ran(run) into her favouriteactor'
5 A: How did you find (you/find)out aboutthis
packageholidaY?
B: I was leaflng(leaf) through a magazine
when I came(come)acrossan ad.
A Why isthe PlanedelaYed?
6 A:
B They mistook (mistake) one of the
passengersfor a criminalwhile he was
going(go)throughpassportcontrol.
7 A: What'swrong with Mike'sfoot?
B: He sprained(sprain)his ankle while he
climbing(climb)uPthe stairs.
8 A: What were you doing (you/do) yesterday
at 6 o'clockin the afternoon?
B: I was watching(watch)TV while Ann was
cookinq(cook).
A Where'sJohn?
9 A:
B : He was having(have) dinnerwhen they
rang(ring) from work and he had (have)
to leaveurgentlY.
1 0 A: Why is Daveso uPset?
B: He was workrng(work) on his computer
when it suddenlyswitched(switch) itself
off so he loSt(lose)all hiswork.
98
b-
) PastPertect'Past
Pertect
continuous
intothe pastperfect
Puttheverbsin brackets
2
continuous.
1 Maggie'sfeet were sore.Shehadbeenwalking
(walk)for an hour.
2 John was very tired. He had been working
(work) on hislaPtoPfor hours.
3 Jackie looked very happy. She had been
playing(play)in the sandall morning.
4 Timand Fayewere lost.Theyhad beendriving
(drive)in circlesfor an hour.
5 We went to Ann's house but she wasn't
there.Shehad gone(go) out.
6 | askedLynnif she wanted to eat something
but shewasn'thungry.Shehadjust had(jusU
have)lunch.
7 When we reachedthe airportwe realised we
had left (leave)our ticketsat home.
8 We had been playing(play) football for an
hourwhen it startedraining.
9 He went to the doctor yesterdaybecausehe
had not beenfeeling(noVfeel)well.
1O lt was quietwhen shegot home.Thechildren
had gone(go)to bed.
3 a. Readthe sentencesand replaceusedtowith
wouldwhere possible.
1 This houseused to have a beautifulgarden
full of red roses.
2 When we were young,we usedto go to the
beachhouseeverysummer.
3 My grandmotheralwaysusedto helpme with
my mathshomework.
4 My father usedto havea red sportscar when
he wasyoung.
5 Dianeusedto work as a secretarybeforeshe
startedher own business.
(SeeSuggestedAnswersSection)
b. What did you useto do five yearsago.
Writesentences.
Iusedtogoto bedearlY.
I didn't useto havelonghair.
AnswersSectionl
(SeeSuggested
 U n i t4 1 Diana told me to finish typing the letters
beforelwent home.
) ReportedSpeech
2 'ThatChemistryexperimentis quite easy,'the
1 Turnthese
sentences
intoreported
speech. teachersaid.
3 He saidto me that he hadfounda greatjob in
1 'Thisrs the best report card my teacherhas
Paris.
evergivenmel'Jacksaidto hisparents.
4 Shauna said that she wanted to leave
Jacktold his parentsthat was the best report
and get a job.
university
cardhisteacherhadevergivenhim.
5 Christold us a greatstorylastnight.
2 'Where is the lecture taking place this
afternoon?'Ann said. 3 Usethe correctform of the verbs in the box to
Ann askedwherethe lecturewastakingplace report the ordersbelow.
that afternoon. .
: .tg!t'n promise. order . deny . slglg€st
3 'l couldn'tansweranyof the problems on the
1 'Of courseI didn't cheatin the tesil' shesaid.
Mathspaper,'saidPenny.
Shedeniedcheatingon the rest.
Pennysaid she couldn'tansweranv of the
2 'Open your bag, now' the detectivesaid to
problems on the Mathspaper.
'Miss her.
4 Smith was correctingexam papersall
Thedetectiveorderedherto open her bag.
yesterdayevening,'saidJonathan.
3 'Turnoveryour papersand startwriting,'said
Johathansaid Miss Smith was correctino
the examiner.
papersallthe previousevening.
'Do The examinerexplainedus to turn over our
5 you want to join the photographyClub
papersandstartwriting.
with me?'Patsaidto me.
4 'Whydon'twe meetlater?'said Monica.
Pat asked me if I wanted to ioin the
Monicasuggested meetinglater
Photography Clubwith her.
'l 5 'Don't worry,I won't tell anyoneyour secret,,
6 applied for the computer courseat the
he said.
college,'saidTom.
He promisednot to tell anyonemy secret.
Tomsaidhe appliedfor the computercourse
at the college. 4 Writethe reported
sentences
in directspeech.
'Can
I copy your Sciencenotes,please?'Sue
said. 1 Theteachersaidthat theywoLrlddo a test the
Sueaskedme if shecouldcopymy Science followingweek
notes.
'Michael, 'You
you are not paying enough will do a test nextweek'saidthe teacher.
attentionin class.'saidMrsJones. 2 Lynn said that she had never seen sucn a
Mrs Jonestold Michaelthat he was nor difficultexampaper.
'l
payingenoughattentionin class. haveneverseensucha difficultexamoaoerl,
'l had saidLynn.
finishedall my homeworkbefore my
friendcameto visit,'saidSandra. 3 Gaylepromisedto helpJunewith her History
Sandra saidshehadfinished homework.
all herhomework
'l
beforeher friendcameto visit. will help you with your Historyhomeworrc,
1 0 'Haveyou seen our new teacheryet?' John June,'saidGayle.
saidto me. 4 The teacheraskedme if I had finishedall of
Johnaskedme if I hadseenour newteacner my homework.
'Haveyou
yer. finishedall of yourhomework?'the
teacherasked
n) 2 Completethe sentences belowwith the 5 He askedif he couldopenthe window.
correctform of sayor tell. 'Can
I openthe window?'he asked.
99
 U n i t5
V RelativeClauses
Choose
thecorrect
item.
Paulawas reallyangry when she saw the
damagewhich/who the dog had done.
Sharonis the girl who/whose party we went
to lastnight.
Halloweenis a festivalin thaVwhich everyone
dresses up asa ghostor a witch.
People who/which write novels are called
authors.
5 Thatisthe churchwhen/wherehe got married.
6 My mother remembersa time when/who
there were no suoermarkets.
I would like to dress uo in a costume
who/which is reallyscaryfor Halloween.
8 Doesanyoneknow whose/who maskthis is?
2 Fillinthecorrect thenput
relativepronoun,
commas wherenecessary.
1 Dragons, whichhavebigclawsandwings.are
terrifiingcreatures.
2 Theman.whowasdriving thecaqwasspeaking
on hismobilephonewhenhecrashed.
3 Students who havejoinedthe university
this
year must registerat the Accommodation
Officebefore12 pm.
4 Caroline,whosebrotherwas in my class,
became a doctor.
5 Thecarwhichis parkedoutsideour houseis
Tony's.
3 Jointhe sentences
belowusingwhich,that,who
or whose.
Johnisa teacher.Heisverypatient.
John,who isverypatient,isa teacher.
That is the book. lt has lots of information
aboutmythical creatures.
Thatisthe bookwhichhaslotsof information
aboutmvthical creatures.
100
3 Thatwomanis an artist.Herhouseis on our
street.
Thatwoman,whosehouseis on our street,is
an artrst.
Halloweenis a festival.lt is greatfun.
Halloweenis a festivalwhich is greatfun.
StephenKing is a writer.His booksare quite
frightening.
StephenKing is a writer whose books are
quitefrightening.
) Comparatives dnd Superlatives
4 Fillin thegapswiththeappropriate
formof
thecornparativeor thesuperlative.
1 Dragons (scary)
arethescariest of creatures.
2 Let's go and see the other film. lt's a lot
funnierthan (funny)this one.
3 Michelleis morepolitethan (polite)Joan.
are getting hotter and hotter
4 Temperatures
(hot)
5 Rachelis a lot thinnerthan (thin) her friend
Sarah.
6 Paulcan run fasterthan (fast)Bob.
7 He is friendlierthan (friendly)hisbrother.
8 Sheswimsbetterthan (well) me.
9 This is the most expensive(expensive)dress
of all.
10 Ann is the most intelligent (intelligent)
studentin the class.
5 Choose
thecorrectitem.
1 Patriciais twice as cleverer/cleveras Carol.
2 lt's getting colder/coldest and colder. Let's
lightthe fire.
I get burnedveryeasilyin the sun becausemy
skin is fairesVfairerthan yours.
Sandy has the besVgood voice of all the
singersin the musical.
The faster /fastest we drivethe fasterwe will
get there.
 U n i t6 6 Thiscompanygivesa laptopto ..........
one of
) Articles its executives.
A any @ every c all
1 Completethe exchanges
with a, an or the
wherenecessary. I Adverbs
3 Makecompletesentences.
1 A: Mikesentmea textmessage earlier.
B: Really? So,you knowaboutthe partyon 1 They/ two films/ lastnight/ watched/ at the
Saturday? ctnema
2 A: Why don't you sendme an e-mailwith Theywatchedtwo filmsat the cinemalastniqht.
the informationfromhome? 2 Call/ quickly/ her/ on her mobile/ back
B: Well,the computer at homeis broken. l,ll Callherbackquicklyon her mobile.
sendit fromworK. i ." .' : 3 Tom / in his room / reading/ was sitting /
3 A: I boughta newmobile phone. quietly/ comics
B: Really? Did you get the one I told you Tom was sittingquietlyin his room reading
about? comtcs.
4 A: WasKateat the meeting thismorning? 4 She/ afterdinner/ in a hurry/ immediately / left
B: Yes,shewas.Shegavea presentation of Sheleft in a hurry,immediately afterdinner.
hernewproject. 5 She/ allday/ at the office/hasbeenworking
5 A: We went to the cinema last night to Shehasbeenworkingall dayat the office.
watchthe film. 6 After that call/ confused/ he / totally/ was
B: What wasthe title of the film you saw? After that call,he wastotallyconfused
6 A: I don't likewesternsat all.
B: Are you serious? Haven't you ever F QuestionsTdgs
watchedthe film The MagnificentSeven?
It'sone of the bestfilmsever!
4 Completethe questiontags.
1 Thisisa nicesong,isn'tit?
) Quantifiers 2 You'vegot a car.haven'tyou?
3 Comehere,won't you?
2 Choose
thecorrectanswer
A. Bor C. 4 Davehasn'thad lunchyet, hashe?
5 l'm rightaboutthis,aren'tt?
1 Thereare thingsI wantto askyou.
6 Thepolicecaughtthe bankrobbers,didn'tthey?
A a little @afew C all 7 Helenwill studyabroad,won't she?
2 Therewere peopleat the cinemalast 8 Janeworksat a bank,doesn'tshe?
night.
A many B little @ a lot of
I ReflexivePronouns
3 Damienhas invited peoplefrom the 5 Fillinthecorrect
reflexive
pronoun.
office. 1 Marionlookedat herselfin the mirror.
@ several B alot C little 2 Mikedidthe Mathshomework allby himself.
4 Can I borrow . . . . . . . m
. . o n e yf r o my o u ?l ' m 3 Behave yourself
whenyouarein the library.
broke! 4 Children,helpyourselvesto somepizza.
@ a little B afew C much 5 We boughtthiscountryhousefor ourselves.
6 lanand Marytaughtthemselves how to play
5 How directorshave worked together
the guitar.
on thisfilm?
7 Don'ttouchthis,it'shot.you'llburnyourself.
A few B much @ many
8 He claimsto havemet the president of the
USAhimself.
101
 ffi :"1::,..,S'.':i',,*i
I
'r.!:iir.i:ilsfil.'.,
trffiffiffie:
Unit 7 7 Wishes
b Conditionals
3 Whatdoeseachperson
wish?
1 Completethe sentencesusing the correctform 1 | haven'tgot enoughmoney.
ofthe verb in brackets. lwishI hadertoughmoney.
2 Please stop playingthe musicthat loudly.
1 lf the alarm clock had gone off, I wouldn't
I wishthe musicwasnot so loud
havebebn(noVbe)latefor the meeting.
3 | didn't know you were in hospital.
2 lf you applyfor the job, theywill call(call)you
lwish I had knownyouwerein the hospital.
for an interview.
4 l'veeatentoo much.Now I feelsick.
3 lf he liked(like)hisjob, he wouldn't lookfor a
I wishI had not eatenso much.
new one.
5 | shouldn'thavepaintedthe roomyellow.
4 lf Kate earnedmore money,she would buy
I wish I had not paintedthe roomyellow.
(buy)her own flat
6 | can'taffordthiswatch.
5 lf Jackarrives(arrive)late at the office,he'll
I wish I couldaffordthis watch.
missthe beginningof the meeting.
7 | don't havea comouter.
6 Unlesshe prepares verywell for this exam,he
I wishI hada comouter.
won't pass(pass)it.
8 | shouldn'thaveliedto her.
7 Theywouldn't have left if he had been (be)
I wish I had not liedto her.
nicerto them
9 | haven'tgot anyfriends.
8 lf lwere you,lwould apologise(apologise)to
I wishI hadsomefriends.
her.
10 Oh no! lt'srainingagain.
9 lf I found (find)a job in London,I would move
I wishit wouldstopraining.
thererightaway.
10 lf he had told her the truth, shewould have
forgiven(forgive)him. of purpose
b Clauses

Make conditionalsentences,
as in the example. 4 Choose
thecorrect
answer
A,BorC.
2

1 Mary doesn't have enough money so she 1 Shecalledme inviteme to her party.
can't buy a new car.I{ fifr*rylzadenough{'{tofte}r, A sothatshe@ to C with a viewto
sfuewswklbuvG new{0t 2 She askedfor a meetingwith her manager
Katewasn't very careful.That'swhy she had askingfor a raise.
the caraccident. A so that she @ with a viewto
lf Kate had beencareful.shewould not have C in orderto
hadthe caraccident. 3 Celiaworkedall night finishthe report
Janeis ill,so shecan't cometo the party.
@ so asto B in order C so that sne
Janewouldcometo the partyif sheweren'til,.
lan didn't get your message.That'swhy he Daverang earlier see how you were
didn'tcallyou. doing.
lf lan had got your messagehe would have A sothat he @ ,o C for
calledvou. Nina is workingsomeextrahoursthis month
5 Nigeldoesn'thaveany money,so he can't go earn some more monev for her
awayon holiday. summerholiday.
Nigelwould go on holidayif he had some
@ in orderto B so as C with a viewto
money.

102
 U n i t8
) The Passive
1 Completetheexchangesusingthecorrect
passive
formof theverbsin brackets.
A: Havethe policetalkedto the witnesses
yet?
B: Yes,theywere questioned (question)
yesterday.
A: Are thereanysuspects?
B: One man dressedin blackwas seen(see)
nearthe sceneof crrme.
A: Bank robbersshould be sent (send) to
prisonfor years.
' ',' ','r.'
B : I absolutely
agree. ,,:'1
4 A : Mrs Peters'flat was broken into (break
into) lastnight!
B : Oh, nol How dreadfult
5 A : A burglaralarmsystemhas alreadybeen
installed(already/install)
in the flat.
B: That'sgreat.
6 A: The bank robberywas recorded(record)
on the CCTVcameras.
B: Really?Then, the bank robber wilr oe
arrested(arrest)sooneror later.
2 Fill in by ot with.
1 Thedoorwas openedwith a key.
2 Thismusicwaswritten by a famouscomposer.
3 The witnesseswere questionedby three
policeofficers.
4 The window had been brokenwith a heaw
object.
5 Ihe policecarwas shotat by the robbers.
6 The building is watched by securityguards
roundthe clock.
4 She will ask someoneto install an alarm
systemin her house.
Shewill havean alarmsysteminstalled
in her
house.
5 Jackwas cleaningthe pool for Tom.
Tomwashavinghispoolcleaned.
6 Kate and Frank hired a professionalto
organisetheirweddingreception.
Kateand Frankhad their weddingreception
organisedby a professional
7 Thehairdresserwill cut Helen,s
hairtomorrow.
Helenwill haveher haircut tomorrow
8 Themechanichasserviced paul,smotorbike.
Paulhashadhismotorbike serviced.
9 Thetailoris makinga suitfor Tom.
Tomis havinga suitmade.
10 ThebakermadeNancy,s birthdaycake.
Nancyhada birthdaycakemade
) Clauses of Result
4 Jointhesentences
using
solsuch...
thaf,asin
the example.
1 The damageat the bank was big. lt had to
closedown for a coupleof days.
Thedamagewzssobig that thebankhad to efose
dawnfar s caupleof days.
lt wassucha big damagethat thebankhcd to
elosedawnfara coupleaf days.
2 Thenoisewasveryloud.We all woke up.
3 The areawas very noisy.We decidedto move.
4 Thisman isveryrich.He hashisown yacht.
5 He isveryyoung.He can,tdrivea car.
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
) Determiners

Causativeform 5 Underline
thecorrect
item.
1 Youcanneither/either
comewithusor sray
3 Rewrite
thesentences
in thecausative
form. at home.
Mum combsSusan's
haireveryday. 2 None/Neitherof us likeshorrorfilms.
Susanhasher haircombedeveryday. 3 lvery,/All house in the neighbourhoodhas
Thenurseis bandaging
hisleg. got a burglaralarmsystem.
He is havinghisleg bandaged. 4 Either/Neither you tell me what you know or
Thedoctortook Mr White'sbloodpressure. I will haveyou arrested.
Mr Whitehad hisbloodpressure taken. 5 The policeofficergaveeach/allwitnesssome
mug shotsto lookat.

103
-
 ffiffi@ffi*
Unit I 2 Rewritethe sentences.Usem,Jst,can't,
may/might.
b Modols
1 l'm surethey havecaughta lot of fish.
Choosethe correctitem.
Theymusrkavercwghta {ataf fish.
1 A : ls this Mary? 2 Maybehe'slatefor a meeting.
B : No, it musVcan't be her. Mary has got He mightbe latefor a meeting.
blondehair. 3 He looksveryupset.
2 A : lsJohnhereyet? He mustbe veryupset.
tt: No, he isn't. He musVcan't have stayed 4 Maybehe'smadea mistake.
late at the office. Hemighthavemadea mistake.
A: I'm in terribleoain. 5 | thinkhe hashurt hisback.
B : You musVcan'thavebrokenyour leg. He mayhavehurt hisback.
A: The phone'sringing.Who could it be at 6 l'm surehe'sverytired.
thishour? Hemustbe vervtired.
B: lt can'Vmustbe Jane.Shesaid she'dcall Perhaps Owenwill go to Spainfor the summer.
at aroundtwelve. Owenmightgo to Spainfor the summer.
A: I don't have enough money to pay my It's possiblethat Kateand Fionahavealready
renT. seenthe film.
B: Why don't you ask Luke?He mav/can't Kateand Fionamayhaveseenthe film already.
lendyoursomemoney. MaybeRitawill quit herjob at the end of the
A: l'vegot a terribleheadache. month.
B: Youshould/haveto takean aspirin. Ritamayquit herjob at the endof the month.
A: MusU@ we take photographs insidethe 1 0 It's possiblethat Bob has movedto the States
museum? for good.
B : I'm afraidnot. Bobmight havemovedto the Statesfor good
8 A : You mustn'Vdon'thaveto do that again. 11 l'm sureSusanhasn'tliedto you.
B : l'm sorry. Susancan'thaveliedto you.
9 A : We can'Vhave to be at the station at 12 Perhaps
theywilljoinustonight.
1 0 : 3 0a m . Theymayjoin ustonight.
B: You'reright.Thebusleavesat 11.
1 0 A: May/ShouldI borrowyour pen?
3 Lookat the
B: Sure.Go ahead.
picture.Use
1 1 A: Could/MustI talk to Mr Jones?
the prompts
B: l'm afraidhe isn't in hisoffice. to makeas
12 A: Should/CanI havea sandwich,please? manylogical
B: Sure.Helpyourself. assumptions
1 3 A: ThismusVcan'tbe true.Youare lying. aspossible.
B: No,l'm not. r computer/
1 4 A: I feel reallytired.
crash
B: You have to/s_hou!g]havea rest. . lose/data
1 5 A: lsthisyourpen? . bestressed
B: No, it can'Vmus!be John's. . bewilling/
WOTK
ronger
. playlcomputer
games
(SeeSuggested
AnswersSection)
104
 Unit10
) (to)infinitive/-ing form
1 Complete theexchangeswith thecorrect
form
ofthe verbin brackets.
I lovelistening(listen)to rockmusic.
Me too! | look forward to going (go) to
the DepecheMode open air concertnext
week! Are you coming?
No. l'm afraidI can't afford (afford) to pay
for the ticket.
Would you like to come (come)to an art
exhibitionwith me tomorrow?
SurelThanksfor asking(ask)me.
Nigeltried to kick (kick) the ball but he
missed.
What did you expect?He,stoo young to
play(play)footbail.
I havedecidedto take (take) up jogging.
Good idea.But what'sthe useof working
(work) out if you don't go on a diet aswell?
5 A : I'm havingdifficultymeeting(meet) the
deadline.
Why don't you askyour supervisor to give
(give)you an extension?
l'll neverforgetvisiting(visit)Madrid.
I regretnot joining(noVjoin)you.
The childrenshouldbe in bed.Theyaren,t
allowedto stay(stay)up so late.
I know but they refuseto go (go) to bed!
I hateworkingout (work out) in the gym. I
preferto exercise(exercise)aloneat home.
Don'tyou find it boring?| don,tmindgoing
(go) to the gym as long as it isn,tcrowded.
ls Ann here?
Yes.I can hear her talking (talk) on the
phone.
10 What did you do yesterdayafternoon?
My mum mademe tidy up (tidy) my room.
Why don't you askJimto help(help)you?
There'sno point in asking(ask)him. He,ll
just sayno.
1 2 A : What'swrong with you?
B : My parentswon't let me go (go) to the
performance
on Fridaynight.
1 3 A: Are you doinganythingtonight?
B : Jesssuggestedeating(eat) out.
1 4 A: lsJohnhere?
B : No, he hasgonejogging(iog).
' t 5 A:
What areyou doingthisafternoon?
B : I maybe visiting(visit)my grandparents.
2 Complete thesentences
withthecorrect
infinitive
tense.
1 There'sDiane.Sheseemsto be looking(look)
for a taxi.
Kate claims to have won (win) a beauty
contestwhen shewas eighteen.
lan tends to stay (stay) at home at the
weekends.
4 Sheappearsto havelost (lose)a lot of weight.
5 He is believedto be (be) the best basketball
playerof histime.
Theteam seemsto be training(train)hardfor
the gamesnext month
3 Fiflin the gapswith wouldrather,prefer(s),
wouldprefer,had better.
1 | wouldrathertakeup tennisthansquash.
2 Jimprefersgoingswimming to goingjogging.
3 Lesleywould preferto go out on weekdays
ratherthan on Saturdays.
Kate would prefer to go on a diet in the
summerthan in the winter.
Cathy had better avoid eatingjunk food or
she'llgaina lot of weight.
Helen would rather have just a salad now
than havepasta.
You had better try the dresson before you
buy it. lt might not fit you.
We usuallywould preferto go to the cinema
to stayingin.
105
 Verbs
lrregular
was Deen tay lain
bore born(e) lit lit
UEO L beaten lost lost
oecame become made maoe
began oegun meant meant
bit bitten met mer
blew blown paid paid
broke broken pur put
brought brought read read
built built rooe ridden
burnt(burned) burnt (burned) rang rung
burst burst roSe nSen
bought bought ran run
could (beenableto) said said
caught caught SAW seen
chose cnosen sought sought
came come sold sold
i cost cost cost sent sent
i cut cut cur i r.t 5er set
deal dealt dealt SCW SCWCO sewn
dig dug dug shake shook shaken
oo did done shine snone Snone
oream dreamt(dreamed) dreamt(dreamed) shoot shot shot
drink drank drunk snow showed SNOWN
drive drove driven shut shut ShUt
eat ate eaten srn9 sang sung
fall fell fallen sit SAI sar
feed fed fed sleep slept slept
feel felt felt smell smelt(smelled) smelt(smelled)
fight fought fought speak spoKe spoken
find found founo spell spelt(spelled) spelt(spelled)
flee fled fled speno spent spenr
rly flew flown split split split
forbid forbade forbidden spreao spreao spreao
forget forgot forgotten spnng sprang sprung
forgive forgave forgiven stand stood stood
freeze froze frozen steal stole stolen
get 90r 90r stick stuck stuck
gtve gave grven sting stung stung
go went 9one stink stank stunk
grow grew grown strike struck StrUcK
hang hung(hanged) hung(hanged) SWear SWOre SWOTN
nave had had sweep swept swepr
near heard heard swtm SWAM SWUM
hide hid hidden take took taken
hit hit LEOLI I taught Lqu9il(
hold held helo tear tore torn
hurt hurt hurt tell told told
keep kept kept think thought thought
know KNEW KNOWN throw threw thrown
lay laid laid understand understood understood
lead led , l e d ,, ' wake WOKC woken
tearn learnt(learned) learrnt(learned) wear wore worn

j
leave left left wtn won won
lend lent lent write wrote written
let let let

106
 Tapescripts
So, what does Plinkertonthink we can do about it?
Unfortunately, this is where I found her book a bit of a
disappointmentA lot of the informationin this chapterof
@ Tapescript 1 (p.9)
for Exercise
the book is very technicaland complicated,but here and
Chorlotte:
The partywas greatyesterday, wasn,tit? thereshedoeshavesomecommonsense,and perhapsrather
Lynn:Yes, I reallyenjoyedit. The musicwas fantasticand the obvious,suggestions. As she says,we needto cut down on
food was excellentl the amountof energywe useand shearguesthat we canall
Charlotte:
The peoplewere interestingtoo lan introducedme do this by turningelectricalequipmentoff when we are not
to LauraSinger. Didyou meether? usingit and puttingon a sweaterwhen we feelcold.instead
tynn:No, I don't think so.What doesshelook like? of turning the heatingup. payingattentionto such simple
Charlotte:She is short and slim, wiih dark black hair and detailscansavea remarkable amountof energy
greeneyes Finally,and this is the part of the book I found the most
Lynn:Andwhat is she like? fascinating, Plinkertondiscusses the hiddenenergycostsof
Charlotte:She'sfriendly,talkativeand very interesting.She,s the food we eat lt seemsthat many food suppliersare
travelledto Africa,NewZealandand Antarctica. contributing to globalwarmingbecause so muchof the food
Lynn;Really? That'sso impressrve. we eat thesedaystravelshugedistances beforeit endsup on
Chorlotte:And that'snot all. In Januaryshewon the National our tables When you think that a lot of this food is
Writing Competitionand next Septembershe is going to transportedby air so that it reachesthe supermarkets in as
ColumbiaUniversity to studyCreativeWritingl fresh a condition as possible,then you can begin to
tynn; Wow! l'd loveto meet her too. understandthe seriousness of the problem.As plinkerton
Charlotte:Well, we're thinking of going to the cinema says,we can all help reducethe amount of energythat is
tomorrow.Do you want to join us? wasted if we only buy food that is produced locally.lt is
Lynn:Sure, that'd be qreat! fresher,healthier,probablycheaper,and if we all buy local
productswe will supportour local farmingcommunityas
well l'm off to my localmarketright now.Goodbye.

@ Tapescriptfor Exercise1 (p. 17)

By now, most of us haveheardof ,globalwarming, Indeed,

wheneverthe weatherseemsto be unseasonably hot, cold, @ Tapescript tb (p.25)
for Exercise
wet or dry,our newspapers are filledwith terriblewarnings
about global warming. In her new book. Ihe GlobalScare. Sodie:Lucy, you look upset,is everythingall right?
Mary Plinkertonattempts to separatethe facts from the Lucy:Youwon't believewhat happened to me this morning.I
flctionconcerning climaticchange. spent an hour on the phone trying to book my flight to
It is not an easything to do Forinstance,as plinkertonpoints Edinburgh...
out, while scientistsgenerallyagreethat globaltemperarures Sadie:And?What happened?
areincreasing, expertsarestillarguingaboutthe causes of this Lucy;Well to start with, the travelagent was eatingwhile he
Increase. For example,there are scientistswho believeglobal wastalkingand as if that wasn'tenough,he keptsayinghow
warmingisjust part of a naturalcycle,pointingto temperature busyhe was.
changesin centuriespastto supporttheir arguments. Some Sadie;How rude!
evengo so far as to suggestthat in the very nearfuture the Lucy:And that's not all When lasked him about the British
Earthwill probably get a lot colderagain. Airwayshalf-price offer he saidhe hadn'theardabout it.
What the expertsareagreedon, accordingto plinkerton,is the Sadie;Oh. nol
fact that temperatureshavealreadygone up by almost one Lucy:lgot so upsetI nearlycriedbut I managedto staycalm.
degreein the last hundredyearsand most of them agreethat Sodie:So did you book the ticket?
this trend will continue- at leastin the immediatefuture. Lury: No, I didn't. As the travel agent was making the
What nobody can be sure of is just how much higher bookingthe computerbrokedown.
temperatures will go. At the momentthe fear is that, if we Sodie:lcan'tbelieveit.
don't changeour ways, then temperaturescould rise by as Lucy:Neithercan l!
much as five degreesin the next hundredyears Howevel as
Plinkertonis careful to explain,these estimateswill only
oecomemoreaccurateas moreinformationbecomesavailable.

107
 Tapescripts

Simon: No, but you sure missed a good party We all

dressedin fantasticcostumesand the musicwas
great.Butwhat I likedmostwasthe ship.
$ Tapescript 1 (p.33)
for Exercise
Philip: Theship?
A: Good afternoon.The EveningCollege,how may I help Simon: Yeah,Jill wanted to have a specialatmosphereat
you? her party so she put a small pirate ship in her
B: Good afternoon,I was ringingto enquireabout what garden.lt wasawesome!Everybody wasdancingon
eveninglanguagecourses you arerunningthisyear. theship.
A: Well.we havea specialoffer on at the momenr. Philip: Wow, soundslike you had a brillianttime. I really
B: Really, what is it? missedout.
A: lf you enrolon a languagecoursetoday,you will receive Simon: Youcan't imagine!But.don't worry.Jill'sorganizing
a 20 oounddiscount. anotherone for her birthdayin July.
B: That'sgreat.What coursesare on offer? Philip: Great!I'm not goingto missthat one. Not for the
A: Thisterm you can choosefrom, French,ltalian,Spanish, woddl
Greekor evenPortuguese.
B : W h a ta c h o i c el!t h i n k l ' l l g o f o r S p a n i s ht h, o u g h ,a s l g o
on holidayto Spaina lot.
A: That'sfine.lt'sa greatcourse.All our teachers arenative
speakersand they have at least four years teaching
experience. Soyou arein good hands. & Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p.a9)
B : Brilliant. Now,when do the lessons start?
A: Yciurfirst lessonwill be at the beginningof Septemoer; Boy: Lucy,haveyou alreadydecidedwhat to buy Dad for his
but we'll callyou nearerthe time to let you know the birthday?
exact date. Then, after that Vou will have a lessona Grrf No, I haven't.I am stillthinkingof what to buy.Thisyear
week,for 28 weeks. I want to get him somethingreallyunusual.Haveyou
B : I havea friendwho might be interestedas well. When got any ideas?
doesshe haveto enrol by? Boy: Actually, I was online the other day and I saw a cool
A: She can enrol up until the 31stof August,so there's websitethat sellsgadgetsand gifts. Maybewe could
plentyof time leftyet. buy him somethingtogether.
B : Fantastic! | think it'll be a greatchallenge to learna new Girl: Goodthinking.What sortsof thingswerethere?
l a n g u a g el '.l ls i g nu p t o d a y l Boy: I remembertherewas a popcornmaker.
A: OK, l'll take your detailsin a moment,but first let me Gr* But Daddoesn'treallylikepopcornall that muchl
giveyou the enrolmenthotlinenumberfor your friend, Boy:Therewas also a new type of phone, a 'Skype'phone
asyou camethroughmainreception. that you can useto makephonecallsusingthe Internet.
B : That'sgreat.I havea pen and paper,so go ahead. Girl: Dad would like that idea l'm sure - he's always
A: It's 0-2-0-7-2-2-4-0-7-1-4. Haveyou got that? c o m p l a i n i nagb o u tt h e p h o n eb i l M s i t e x p e n s i v e ?
B : Yes, thanks very much. Now what do you need to Boy:Maybewe won't haveencughmoneyfor that - you,re
know.. (fadeout) right
Gtrl:Anythingequallyuse'- a,-i cleaoer?
Boy: Let me see 3- .,:; sa,,, an ipod cassettedeck
adaotor
Girl: A what?
B o y :A n i P c c c = : : :* : : = : , = : a : : : . : m e a n sy o u c a n p l a y
* Tapescript for Exercise 1 (p.a1) -
) / o u ri D a l : : : : : : : : : : a , : -
Philip: Hi,Simon.How arethings? 6lrl: Yol - = z ' ) . : : : - : - : , i : : : , e l r t o m u s i ci n h i sc a r ?
Simon: Great, Philip.Thanks.lt was good to see you at B a y :Y = s - - ! . - . ; - : - . , . : , . , : - : c e a b l et o l i s t e nt o a
Paul'spartyon Saturdayl
Philip: Yeah,it was a reallycool party.wasn't it? lrlrl:

Simon: Mm, it was okaybut it wasn'tas good asJills fanry

dresspartyon Sunday.
Philip: Oh yeah?| couldn'tgo on Sunday.I hopeJill'sncr
madat me. Jl'l

108

S Tapescript
for Exercise
1 (p.57)
Iutor: Good afternoon,everybody.I am delightedto be here
today to talk to you about the naturephotography
coursesthat I teach.I would like to start by givingyou
some idea of what you can expect to learn on the
short. four-week course,which is the most popular
coursethat we offer.
As I said.the courselastsjust four weeksand focuses
on taking picturesof wild plants,or perhapsI should
say wild flowers. as it is the flowers which are the
importantpart of any wild plant photography.Forthat
reason,we only run coursesfrom April until September
- there simplyaren't enoughflowers
in winterl This
yea4 the first coursestarts on the secondof Aoril.
That'son a Monday,of course.
The courseis open to both amateurand professional
photographers overthe ageof eighteen.Althoughwe
nave run separate courses for amateurs and
professionalsin the past, we have found that most
people prefer a course where professionalsand
amateurs work and learntogether.I shouldalsoexplain
that the reasonyou haveto be eighteenis in order to
useour laboratories.
As far as equipment is concerned,we encourage
participantsto use their own camerasas much as
possible.Photographersfeel at ease with their own
equipmentand this in turn meansthat you are more
likelyto get good results.Of course,we want you to
learnas muchas you can,so the cost of hiringspecial
equipment,when it is needed,is includedin the course
fee of f200.
The chanceto usethe latestphotographic equipment
is not allyou get for yourf2001 Besidestuition,the fee
also includesthe cost of transportto the parks and
gardenswhere we do our field work. pleasenote that
the fee does not includefood or other refreshments.
We leave it up to you to make your own eating
arrangements.I should point out that excellent,
reasonably-priced meals are availablein the college
restaurantsand cafeterias.Now I would like to brieflv
mentionour new course. . (fade)
Tapescripts
S Tapescript
for Exercise
1 (p.65)
Voiceof radio presenter:And now our top safety tips for new
studentsat St GeorgeUniversity.
Voiceof another radio presenter:Staying safe is not rocket
science.lt is all about commonsenseand followinqsome
basicguidelines:
Whetheryou sharea flat or liveon your own, makesurethat
you alwayslock the doorsand closethe windows when you
90 out.
In halls of residencebe careful who follows you into the
building.Alwayslock your bedroomdoor;evenwhen vou are
in anotherpart of the building.
After a night out, don't walk home alone.Stayover with
friends,walk in groupsor take a taxi. lf you haveto go back
home on your own makesurethat you walk in well_litareas
and carrya mobilephonewith you.
Avoidusingcash-machines
at night.
Keepyour carddetails,pin numbersand chequebooksin a
safeplaceat home.Do not carrythem with you.
Finally.markyourpropertywith yourinitialsand lD number.In
caseyour property is stolen, the police can identif,i it and
return it to you.
Remember that stayingsafeis simple.
Useyour commonsense.Don't makeyourselfa victim.
ll
tl
S Tapescript 1 (p.73)
for Exercise
A: Hi Fiona!You look happy.
B: Yes.l've just bookeda holiday. l,m going to Austriain
December!
A: A winter holiday?
B: Yes.I thought I would try somethingdifferentthis year.
Look- here'sthe brochure.Doesn,tit look fantastic?
A: (ReadingBrochure)'Set in an attractive village 762
metreshigh in the HoheTauernmountainrange. Looks
charming,but won't it be cold?
B: I hear Austriaenjoysa moderatecontinentalclimate_
the winters are generallysunny with reliableand
frequentsnowfalls,so great for skiing!
109
 Tapescripts

A: What kind of facilitiesdoesthe resorthave? Sheilo:So tell me moreabout the concerts

B: Excellent.Thereareover200 kilometres of ski runsand Janet: Oh, the concertsare fantastic! They'realways held
they have a wide varietyof activitieson offer, like ice outdoorsand you canseelotsof Scottishdancingand
skating,tobogganing, sleighridesand llamahikes! " singing.Oh, and of courseyou'll hearlotsof bagpipe
A: Wow! Thatsoundsfunl ls it reallyexpensive? music!
B: lt dependswhether you chooseto stay in a hotel or a Sherla:Really!That will certainlybe a new experiencefor me
self-catering
chalet. I am going to stay in one of the Janet: And probablyone you'll neverforget as well. People
hotelsfor a week With fliohtsand accommodation it sayyou eitherlovethat kindof musicor hateit.
worksout at €530. Sherlo;Well, I'm surel'm going to love it. Are the entrance
A: Doesthat includemeals? feesexpensive for the events?
B: Not dinner. There are many different kinds of Jonet: No, actuallythey're very reasonable.lf I remember
restaurantsin the resort and pricesare reasonable- a correctly,lastyearadult ticketswere about 527.50.
three-coursedinnercostsanythingfrom 12 Euros. Sheilo:Aren't therespecialratesfor students?
A: Youaresureto havea wonderfultime I wish I couldoo Jonet: Yes,of course.As I recallstudentsand seniorshad to
with you! payabout$25.50for theirtickets.
B: Why don't you? Sherlo:Well,that certainlysoundsreasonable for suchgreat
A: I guessl'm moreof a summerholidaypersonmyself. entertainment.
Jonet: Yes, I agree and some of the events don't cost
anything... (fade)

* Tapescriptfor Exercise1 (p. 31)

Janet: I'm so glad you came to visit Pictou this summer;

Sheila.ljust know we'regoingto havea greatholiday
herein my hometown.
Sheila:I'm surewe will,Janet.ls thereanythingspecialgoing
on that you know of?
Janet: Oh, there'slotsto do herein the summer.
Sheila:Really.Likewhat?
Jonet: Well, it all dependson what your preferences are of
coursebut we can go swimmingat the beachor try
catchingfishin the lakeor . .
Sheila:Hmmm, I'm surewe'll do both, but to tell you the
truth, I reallywant to learnaboutthe historyand the
cultureof the area.
Jonet Well,you'vecertainlycometo the right place!Pictou
has an amazinghistoryand all Pictonians are very
proudof theirrichculture.And ljust remembered that
nextweek the HectorFestivalgets underway.
Sheilo:The HectorFestival?What'sthat?
Janet: lt's a five-day festival that's held once a year to
celebratePictou'sCelticheritage.There'slots of great
eventslike picnics,barbeques,dancesand musical
events. Every year there are at least two terrific
concertsin the oark.
Sheilo:Wow! That all soundsvery interesting.Why is the
festivalcalledthe HectorFestival?
Jonet: Good question Way back in 1773,the first Scottish
settlersarrivedherein Pictouon a boatcalledthe Ship
Hector and ever since 'l987, we've been havingthe
festival to rememberwhat those people achieved.
Thisyear,2006, shouldbe the best festivaleveras it's
celebratingits 20th anniversary.

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Answers
Section

8 (p. 11)
Exercise
Uni1
t :N e i g h b o u r s
DearRita,
Writing Hi! What's up? | reallyenjoyedreadingabout your
Exercise (p. 11) familyin your last e-mail.You'reluckyto havesucha
nicefamily.
1 | haveknown her for five yearsnow. Sheis pretty
Thereare four peoplein my family,too. My mother,
with long black hair and green eyes. We go
Mary,is40 andsheworksasa nu6e.Sheisstrictbut sheis
everywheretogether.
veryfair. My dad, Marc,is 43. He is a taxi driver.He'svery
2 He is veryquietand creative.He is alsoverysmart.
funnyand hasa greatsenseof humour.
He hasshortbrown hairand he is verytall.
My sister'sname is Julia.Sheis 14. She'squiet and
3 They are my best friends.Lou is very handsome
studiesa lot. Shealwaysdoeswell in school.
and he's a real chatterbox.Jane is much quieter
Well,that'sall from me.Write backsoonand tell me
than Lou.Sheisvervbeautiful.
what you'vebeenup to.
Takecare,
5 (p. 11)
Exercise
Cindy
1 Ann is friendly and caring./Annis friendly.In
addition/Moreover,she is caring./Annis friendly
and sheis alsocaring.
Unit2:Callofthewild
2 Bob is hardworkingand kind./Bobis hardworking.
In addition/Moreover; he is kind./Bob is hard- Listening & Speaking
workingand he isalsokind. Exercise1b (p. 17)
3 Paul is enthusiastic,buVOn the other hand/
A: Most expertsdisagreeon the reasonsfor global
However/Nevertheless, he can be ratherAeemsto
warmrng.
be bossysometimes.
B: Yes,but they all believethat it'sgrowingquickly.
4 Helenis attractivewith greeneyesand long fair
A: Canwe do anythingaboutit?
hair.
B: Yes,we can buy more localfood produce.
5 Maryis politeand friendly,buVOnthe other hand/
A: How doesthis help?
However/Nevertheless, she seems to be/can be
B: It helps reduce the amount of energy that is
ratherforgetfulat times.
wastedwhen food travelslonq distances.
6 Janeis kindand alwaysveryhelpful/Jane
is kind.In
addition/Moreovel sheis alwaysveryhelpful./Jane
is
Exercise2 (p. 18)
kindand is alsoalwaysveryhelpful.
7 Harryis very sociableand intelligent./Harry
is very 1 Becausethat's the contact name given on the
sociable.In addition/Moreover, he is intelligent./ poster.No. He couldn't sign off with Yours
faithfully
Harryisverysociableand is alsointelligent. becausewe usethat when we start the letter with
8 Vivianis like a sisterto me, buVOnthe other hand/ DearSiror Madam.He couldn't sign off with Best
However/Nevertheless,
she can get on my nerves urshesbecausethis is a formal letter.
sometimes. 2 Yes,the writer hascoveredall the points.
3 Yes,the writer hasaskedfor an entry form.
7 (p. 11).
Exercise
1 Thereare four peoplein my family.My mum, Mary Writing
my dad,Marc,me and my sister, Julia. 5 (p.19)
Exercise
2 My mum is a nurse.My dad is a taxi driver.My sister DearMsJones,
isa student. I am interestedin working as a volunteerin a help
3 My mum is strictbut fair.My dad is veryfunny and centreand lwould be gratefulif you couldgiveme some
hasa greatsenseof humour.My sisteris quiet and furtherinformationand sendme an applicationform.
studiesa lot.

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 Suggested
AnswersSection

Firstof all, I would like to know in which countries
volunteerswork andwhat exactlytheydo. Secondly,could
you pleaselet me knowhow longthe traininglasts?
Thank you in advancefor your assistance.
I look
forwardto hearingfrom you.
Yourssincerely,
HelenMiles
and dadwerestandingbehindme wishingme a nappy
birthday.
Theshinynew carwasmtne.
I huggedmy mum and dad and after I had calmed
down a bit ltook them for a ride.As the wind was
blowingthroughmy hair;I kept thinkingthat thiswas
the happiest
dayof my life.

Unit4:Liveandlearn
Unit3:Take
a break
Grammar in Use
Writing
Exercise a (p. 31)
Exercise
3 (p.26)
Paulsaid,'Thereare many reasonsbehinomy poor
1 As soonas the journeyhad ended,we qot off the performance.''First of all, I havea fear of exams,,he
ooat. explained.
2 While the boat was sailingwe were eatinqice_ 'What
causes thisfear?,the studentadvisor askedhim.
creamon the deck. 'l
find it difficultto organisemy time and I don,t pay
3 | hadbeendrivingwhen I hearda loudnoise. attentionin class,'paulexplained. ,That,s
why I always
4 Afterthe planehad hit someturbulence,
the pilot feelunprepared.'
maoean announcement. 'You
shouldspendmoretime in the libraryand keepa
5 As soon as I had lookedat travelwebsiteson the dailyschedule of the thingsyou needto do,,the school
Internet,I bookedmy flight. advisorsaidto paul/suggested.
'l
havealwayswantedto organisemy time but I didn.V
Exercise
5 (p.27) don't know how. I will keepa schedule and organise
1 Directspeech/describing
people,sreactions to/feelings my time,'he said/promised
aboutthe eventsdeveloped 'l
in the mainbody. want you to meet with me again next week,, the
2 Askinga rhetoricalquestion/using directspeech. studentadvisor saidto paul.
3 Usingyour senseVdescribing people,sreactionsto/
feelingsaboutthe eventsdeveloped in the mainbodv Writing
Exercise
2b (p. 3a)
Exercise
6 (p.27)
Attending boarding school has a number of
The happiestday of my life advantages.
It wasmy 21stbirthdayand I woke up veryearly.
The Goingto boardingschooldoeshaveits disadvantages,
sunwasshiningand birdsweresinging.I couldhearmV though.
mum makingbreakfast in the kitchen.
I jumpedout of bed,got dressed and went downstairs. 3 (p. 35)
Exercise
My mumgaveme a big birthdayhugandtold me to srtat To start with = Firstly
the table.Thensheservedme the bestbreakfast
of my life. As a result= Forthis reason/Consequently
As lwas eating,my dadcameintothe kitchentt seemed Furthermore= In addition/Moreover
strange.
but he didn'twishmea happybirthday. However= On the other nanO
After my dad had finishedeating,he askedme if I Also = In addition/Moreover
wanted a ride to work. I saidsureand I followedhim
ln conclusion= To conclude
out of the house.As the garagedoor was opentng,I
realisedthat it wasn't our old Ford parkedin the
a (p. 35)
Exercise
garage.Insteadthere was a bright red convertible.
I A beginning- rhetorical
question
stoodwith my mouth hangingopen.Then.mv mum
B ending- quotation

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C beginning- rhetorical
question 6 Thisisthe girlwhosecookingis brilliant.
D ending- addressthe readerdirectly,quotation 7 Decemberis the month when the Swedeshavea
festival
5a (p. 35)
Exercise 8 Shehasa beautifulnecklace that usedto belong
A: Therearea numberof advantages to studyingin a to hermother
foreign country.To start with. studentsexpose 9 There'sthe ladywhosedaughterlivesin ltaly.
themselvesto a differentculture. 10 That'sthe spookyhousethat hasa ghost.
B: As a result,they becomemoretolerantand open-
minded. Moreover,these students make new Exercise5 (p. 38)
friendsof differentnational
ities. 1 successful 3 speechless
A: Howeve; studying in a foreign country has its 2 helpful 4 beautiful
disadvantages. Themaindrawbackisthat sometimes
it isdifficultfor studentsto adaptto a newwayof life. Writing
B: Also, becausestudentsare away for so much of Exercise1 (p.42)
the year;theymaymisstheirfamilies
andfriends.
The main characters
are Jakeand Terry.No, the writer
isn'tin the story.
5b (p. 35)
Exercise
Nowadays.more and more teenagersare going 3 (p. 43)
Exercise
away to a foreigncountryto study.Foreignstudents
Adjectives:muddy,calm,sudden,loud, huge,freezing
spendmost of the year away from home and usually
erc.
onlyreturnfor the summermonths.
Verbs:squealed,
scrambled,heading,
screamed, etc.
Thereare a numberof advantages to studyingin a
Participles;
splashing,
heading,
trying,etc.
foreigncountry.Tostartwith, studentsexposethernselves
to a differentculture.As a result,they becomemore
ab (p.43)
Exercise
tolerant and open-minded.Moreover;these students
1 enormous 3 horrible/awful
makenewfriendsof differentnationalities.
2 slight 4 remarkable/delightful
However,studying in a foreign country has its
disadvantages Themaindrawbackisthat sometimes it
Exercise7 @. a3)
is difficultfor studentsto adapt to a new way of life.
Also, becausestudentsare away for so much of the Jack sighedwith relief as the plane came to a
year,theymaymisstheirfamilies
and friends. screeching halt at the end of the runwayafter an awful
In conclusion,
studyingin a foreigncountryhas its flightthrougha storm.
advantages and disadvantages I believe
the decision
of It wasn't the bestway to start this summerholiday
whetherto go abroadto studyis a veryseriousone and and he hopedthat he couldfinallyget to the hoteland
it dependson the student'stype of personality and relaxon a beautifulbeach But histroublesweren'tover
strenqthof character. yet.Theweatherwas gettingworseand the passengers
were not allowed.toleavethe planebecauseof the
wind and rain.He sattherefor anotherhourbeforean
Unit5:Weird air hostessannouncedthat it was safeto leave.He got
& wonderful
a taxi and went straightto the hotel and hopedfor
Grammar in Use betterweather,but it keptrainingand raining.
Exercise (p. 38) The TV announced a tornadowas headingfor the
next day and warned everyoneto stay indoors.He
2 That'sthe hotelwherewe stayedlastsummer. E
decidedto try and get somesleepwhen suddenlyhe
3 We went backto the shopwheremy sisterwas.
hearda loudscreech followedby a crashingsoundand D
4 This is the car that he drivesto work in everv
felt the hotelroomshakeand then therewas silence.
mornrng
He went outsideand saw that buildingshad been
5 That'sthe villagewhereMary'ssonlives.
destroyed and there was debris everywhere.He
114
 Suggested
AnswersSection

couldn'tbelieveit and he couldn.tdo anythingHe had Well,I went to a rockconcerton Friday_ it was totally
plannedan exoticholidayand he had experienced
a amaztngl
nrghtmare.He was exhausted and went back to his It wasat the new stadiumand it was by a rockgroup
roomand fell into hisbed.Thenextmorninqhe woke calledMotorway- maybeyou,ve heard of them? The
up, packedhissuitcases and returnedhome. ticketswere prettyexpensiveat f50, but I think it was
worth it.
Therewas a reallygood atmosphereand the place
Unit 6:State-of-the-art was packed.The soundsystemwas excellentand the
band gave a great performance,
singingall of my
Writing
favouritesongs.
Exercise
1 (p.50) I was a little disappointed
that I was far away from
l'm goingto write aboutwhetherI havebeento any the stage.
liveconcertsrecently. Anyway.I stillhadone of the bestnightsof my life.lf
you ever havethe opportunityto see them live,you
Exercise
2b (p. 50) reallymust go Haveyou heardtheir new CD? Write
Alex likedthe wonderfulatmosphere _ the fans were soonandtell me what you thinkof it.
cheerfuland enthusiastic, he likedthe star,sappearance Takecare,
- the lighting was great Kim
and the star wore trendy
clothes,he likedthe star,sperformance _ shenaoa great
voiceanda variedprogramme. TheonlythingAlexdidn,t
likewas the fact that the concertwas too shortand he Unit7:Allina day's
work
didn'tthinkthe fansgot goodvaluefor theirmoney
Reading
Exercise
3 (p. 50) Exercise1a,b (p. 56)
entertaining- great(para5) 1 Geoff- F 3 Michael- E
fabulous - great(para1) 2 Susan- D 4 Brooke- A
-
modern trendy(para3)
wildly= enthusiastically
(para3) Writing
complex= elaborate(para3)
Exercise
3b (p. 59)
heavenly = angelic(para3)
upset= disappointed 1 | am writingto you for the positionof photographer
(para4)
latest= new (para5) whichwasadvertised in thisweek,sonlineeditionof
NY Magazine for Teens.
Exercise 2 | am a 2O-year-oldstudentand l,m quitegooo at
a (p. 51)
takingpictures.
A The Moscow State Circus,opening night was
3 Hi!
absolutely
amazing.
4 Despitemy lackof formalwork experience, I feel
B The Farnborough
Air Showwas popularwith the
that I am quitesuitable
for the position.
fansagainthisyear.
5 Also, I can providea referenceletter in which my
C I was totally captivatedwith the performanceI
prevtousemployersaysl,m a good photographer
attendedon Friday.
and that you cancounron me.
D lt wasthe mosttediouseventI haveeverattended.
6 lt is my ambitionto studyphotographyat UELand
somedayto workasa professional photographerfor
Exercise
7 (p. 51)
suchprestigiousmagazines asNationalGeographic.
DearMarc,
7 | am describedas hard-working,efficientand a
Hil How areyou?lt was greatto get your letter you photographerwith greatpotential
askedme if l've been doing anythingexcitinglately
8 My English
and Germanaren,tbadeither.

115
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 Suggested
AnswersSection

9 Youcanget in touchwith me on 238572...

UnitB:Stavinq
Safe
a (p. 59)
Exercise
Grammar in Use
- Mr. Elliot Exercisea @. 62)
- | am writing to apply for the position of
An importantpaintingwas stolen from the National
photographer
whichwas advertised
- Galleryby a thief yesterday.
The robberywas reportedto
| have also worked at a photo studio in my
the police
at 7pm lastnightby the gallery's guard.
security
neighbourhood.lt is my ambition to study
A man. who was arrestedby the police, is being
photographyat EULand some day to work as a
questioned
at the moment.Thepolicethinkhe isthe man
professional
photographerfor such a prestigious
responsible but no proof hasbeenfound asyet. No more
magazine asNationalGeographic.
- information was givenby the police.Theysaidthat a full
What is more,I am veryfluentin both English
and
investigationwould be carriedout Gallerystaffsaidthe
German.
gallery
will not be openedto the publicthisweek
- Despitemy lackof formalwork experience,I feel
that I am quite for the position
suitable 5 (p. 62)
Exercise
I am described
as hard-working,
efficient.. Thehealthminister
will opena new hospital
tomorrow.
- Sincethe schoolholidays
includethe monthsof July A couplehasbeenchargedwith two kidnappings
today.
andAugust,I will haveno othercommitments and I paintings
ThestolenPicasso havebeenfound.
wouldbe availableto work the wholetwo months. A majorstrikewill be organisedby fire fighters
- | may be contactedby telephone An athletewasseriously injuredat the weekend.
- I look forwardto receivinga replyin due course.
- Yourssincerely Writing
Exercise1 (p. 66)
6 (p. 59)
Exercise
Makesurethat youre-mailaddress
and any usernames
DearSir/Madam. you havedon't giveawayyourageand gender.
I am writing to apply for the positionof Mystery Nevergiveout personalinformation.
Shopperwith your company.I readthe job advertisement Don'tagreeto meetpeoplewho you havemet online.
in the newspaper andfoundthe job offerquiteinteresting. Use mainlychild-friendly
sites so that you are not
I am a 22-year-oldstudent. I enjoy spendingtime exposed
to anyinappropriatematerial.
shoppingfor trendy new things for myself,as well as
others.I believeI havegoodtasteand payspecialattention (Ssown answers)
to detail.My friendshavecomplimented
me on my ability
to be selective
when it comesto choosinggift items. 2b (p. 66)
Exercise
My friendsand I spendour leisuretime eatingout Suggestions
and going to movies.We often reviewour mealsand To beginwith, should. .
I recommendour favouriteplacesto other peoplewe A l s o ,. . .s h o u l d
KNOW Anotherwayto ... isto..
Now that I havecompletedmy coursesfor this term, Finally,
it wouldbe a goodideato ...
I will be available
on a full-timebasis.I wouldbe willing Results
to work weekdaysaswell asweekendsif necessary. Thisway
I can be contactedby telephoneon 28347943or via B y . . . C i n .g.). ,
e-mailat lindab@work,un In thisway,...
I lookforwardto your reply
Yoursfaithfully,
LindaBrooks
 Suggested
AnswersSection

Exercise
2c (p. 66) 4 Parkin a safeplaceor In a garage.By doingthis.
thieveswill not haveeasyaccess
to your car.
createan e-mailaddress
or username. 5 The resultof taikingto an adult you can trust
would be that they will be ableto hetpvou and
keeponlinefriendships
online. you will not sufferalone.

Exercise
5b (p. 67)
that areclassed
as child-friendly.
2 Anothersolutionwould be to take short breaks
Firstly,
whenyou'reusingthe computelbe carefulwhen Then,your mindwill be clearand yourstudytime
you'remakingup e-mailaddresses
and usernames. will be moreeffective.
In addition, don't become personallyinvolvedwith
3 lt would be a good ideato eat healthilyand get
peoplethat you meetonline.
enoughsleepBydoingthis,youwouldhavemore
Lastly,
it'swiseto onlyvisitsitesthat areappropriate
for energyand be ableto concentrate.
youragegroup.
4 lt would help if you madea revisiontimetable.This
wouldmeanthat yourworkwouldbe moreorganised
Exercise
3 (p. 67) andyouwouldbe ableto assess
yourprogress.
1 talk to your teacher;write a note to your parents, 5 Thesituationcouldbe improvedby studyingwith a
stayin safeareasin schoolwheretherearea lot of friend.As a result,you coulddiscuss
anydifficulties l

peoplearound,take a martialarts class.don,t that comeuo.

showthe bullies that you arehurt,be indifferent
2 leaveplentyof time to revise,take short breaks.
don't drink too much coffee,eat healthily,work
out regularly
3 check out the site carefully,read the online
company'sprivacypolicy carefully,look for the
company'se-mailaddress,keep a recordof your
transactions,don,t share your passwordswith
anybody
4 ask Ssto plant gardensor decorateschoolwalls,
grve responsibilities
to Ss who have previously
vandalised
the school,get rid of evidence
of school
vandalism
immediately
5 neverleaveanythingof valuein the car;get an anti_
theft device,takeoff yoursound_system,s
faceplate.
neverleaveyourkeysin the ignitionwhenyou,renot
in the car;alwaysparkin busy,well_lit
areas.
Exercisea @. 67)
1 Makea revisiontimetableAs a result,you will be
veryorganised.
2 InstallCCTV cameras.This would mean that
vandalswouldbe caughtred_handed.
3 Make sure your computer has securityfeatures.
Then, hackerswill not be able to see your caro
numberdetails.
Exercise6 (p. 67)
l '
Most teenagersget stressed li
out beforethey take their
exams.lt doesn't haveto be this way, though. ,,But
how can I copewith stress?,, you ask.Relaxand take a
deepbreath.Thereareways.
Firstof all, makea revisiontimetable.Thisway you will
be veryorganised and you will know exactlyhow much
you needto studyeveryday.Anotherusefulsuggestion
is to leaveplentyof time to revise.By doing this, you
will not leaveeverything for the lastminute.
Secondly, it would helpif you took shortbreakswhileyou
are studying.In this way,you refreshyour concentratron
and you studymoreeffectively. Also,it would be a good
ideato work out regularly asthishelpsto clearyourmind.
Finally,you shouldnot drinktoo muchcoffee.Thisway
youwill be relaxed andableto fallasleepeasilywhenyou
get tired.Also,it wouldhelpif you ate healthily.Bydoing
this, you will not exhaustyourselfand your body will
havethe energyto keepgoing.So,do not worryaoout
your exams.Thereare many ways to cope with
stress.
Followtheseusefultipsandyou will comeout a winner!

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Unit9.Forces
of nature U n i t1 0F e s t i v e T i m e
G r a m m ai n
r U se Gr amm ar
in Use
6 (p. 71)
Exercise 6 (p. 79)
Exercise
1 lt must be summer.Theymight be a family.They l'd oreferto watchfootballon TV.
mightbe havingbreakfast. I preferwatchingfootballto playingfootball.
2 Theymight be celebrating
something. Theycan't l'd ratherplay-ricketthan playbasketball.
be unhappy. l'd betterbe carefulwhat I eat from now on.
3 He might be latefor work. He might be veryupset. Writing
He mightbe a businessman. 6b (p. 83)
Exercise
To: Mr Brown,Editor,TheDailyNews
7 (p.71)
Exercise
F r o m : J o hS
nmith
1 You might haveput it in the wardrobe.You may Subject:lmprovements
to the CommunityCentre
haveleft it at work. Date:15TheJune
2 He mighthavegonefor lunch.He may havegone
Introduction
homefor the day.
The purposeof this reportis to presentthe resultsof a
3 She might havegone to bed early.She may not
surveyin whichlocalpeoplewerequestioned aboutthe
havefelt liketalking.
improvements
they would like made to Parkdale
4 He might havehad otherplans.He may not have
Community
Centre.
hadanyoneto go with
Facilities
& Equipment
Writing The majorityof peoplewould like to see a larger
1 (p.7a)
Exercise canteenand a largerseatingarea.Twentypercentof
1 An e-mailto James. peopleinterviewedwould like to seea baby-changing
2 informal roomand a smallnumberof oeoolewouldliketo seea
whetherI can go; some
3 thanksfor the invitation; disabledWC installed.A large number of people
questionsaboutthe weekend believethe communitycentrewould benefitfrom new
4 H i J a m e sL! o v eJ o tennisballsand racouets.

Events& OpeningHours
nt
5 (p. 75)
Exercise Manypeopleinterviewed
would liketo seemoreevents
{,{
[!
DearJenny, put on at the communitycentre such as dance
It was greatto hearfrom you. I alwaysenjoyhearing competitions,
cakeand second-hand
clothessalesand
your news. the majorityof people
bingo eveningsFurthermore,
Thanksso much for invitingme to your birthday interviewedbelievedthe centreshouldstay open late
party.l'd loveto come but l've got an examthe next at the weekends.
we
day,so I need to stay in and study for it. Perhaps
Conclusion
canget togethernextweekendinsteadand you cantell
In conclusion,if these changeswere made, the
me all aboutit.
communitycentrewouldbe improvedand morepeople
Havea wonderfultime and let me know if you're
would u--:
free nextweekend
Yours,
Poppy

118
 Suggested
AnswersSection

WordPerfect 7 Greenplantsrelease oxygeninto the environment.

8 Aeroplanescreatea lot of air pollution.
Un it1 9 Manyplantsandanimalsarein dangerof extinction.
2 (p. 86)
Exercise 10 We shouldleaveanimals to livein the wild.
1 benefit - We must give him the benefit of the
U n i t9
doubt untilwe know he took the monev.
2 do - Wouldyou do me a favour? 1 (p. 94)
Exercise
3 eye- Can you keepan eye on thingswhile I am 1 buzz 4 chirp 7 howl
awayon holidays? 2 hiss 5 coo 8 neigh
4 drives- lt drivesme crazywhen you do not listen 3 miaow 6 roar
to the directions.
5 keep- Keepon good termswith your bossif you
want a betterposition. GrammarCheck
6 nerves- That noise really gets on my nerves!
Please turn the sounddown.
Unit3
7 trouble- The boys knew they would get into 3a (p. 98)
Exercise
troubleif theydid not listen. 2 Whenwe were young,we would go to the beach
8 sense- | don't think he understands my senseof houseeverysummer.
humourbecause he neverlaughsat myjokes. 3 My grandmother
would alwayshelp me with my
9 light- He likesto seelifein a comicalliqhtand not mathshomework.
be too serious.
10 mind- What comesto mindwhen I showvou this 3b (p. 98)
Exercise
pictureof the beach? I usedto livein England.
I usedto dance.
Exercise
3 (p. 86) I usedto playtennis.
1 Thecleaningladyhadto mop the floor.
2 My choreat homeis to feedthe pet. Unit 8
3 AftersupperI mustclearthe table. Exercise (p. 103)
4 My brothermusttake out the rubbisheverynight
2 Thenoisewasso loudthat we all woke up.
5 Whenwill the storedeliverthe furniture? It wassucha loudnoisethat we allwoke up
6 Beforeyou leavethe flat, you shouldvacuumthe
3 Theareawas so noisythat we decidedto move.
carpets.
It wassucha noisyareathat we decidedto move
7 The hoteldoesnot changethe sheetseveryoay.
4 Thisman is so richthat he hashisown yacht.
8 I mustcleanthe ovenafterthe pie is cooked.
He issucha richmanthat he hashisown yacht.
5 He is so youngthat he can,tdrivea car.
Un it2
2 (p.87)
Exercise Unit 9
1 Too many industriescut down treesand damaoe 3 (p. 10a)
Exercise
the environment. o Hiscomputermust havecrashed
2 We must do somethingto protect all of the o He musthavelostimportantdata.
endangered species. . He mustbe stressed.
3 GREENPEACE is one of the largestenvironmental o He can'tbe willingto work longer.
groupsin the world. . Hecan'tbe playingcomputergames.
4 Manynationalparksarehometo wildlifehabitats
5 Corporations
mustcleanup their factorywaste.
2 You mustwalk on the path to preventsoilerosion.

119