8085

Machine cycle- is defined as the time required to complete the one operation.
It includes of 3-6 T-states.
Instruction cycle- It is defined as the time required to complete the execution of
an instruction.8085 instruction cycle consist of 1-6 machine cycle.
T-state- It is defined as subdivision of d operation performed in One clock period.
PC,SP>>16bit registr
Memory mapped IO is one where the processor and the IO device share the
same memory location (memory) while IO mapped IO is one where the
processor and the IO device have different memory located to each other.In
memory mapped I/O the I/O devices are mapped(identify for communication)
through memory
address. The address of the port will stored in memory locations. In I/O mapped
I/O devices are mapped using the the port address.
3 MHz is the maximum clock frequency for 8085.
PC holds the address of the next instruction to be executed.... it directly fetches
the next address from the main memory... their by increasing the execution
speed of the processor LIFO (Last In First Out) stack is used in 8085.In this type
of Stack the last stored information can be retrieved first.

SRAM(STATIC) | DRAM(DYNAMIC)
FASTER | SLOWER
EXPENSIVE | CHEAPER
USED AS CACHE | USED AS MAIN MEM

Three Logic Levels are used and they are High, Low, High impedance state. The
high and low are normal logic levels & high impedance state is electrical open
circuit conditions. Tri-state logic has a third line called enable line.

for trap interrupt>>processor serves the interrupt immediately. Non-Maskable

interrupts are used in critical events. Such as Power failure, Emergency,
Shut off etc.

A simple assembler means that we develope a programe in one platform and

run it on the same platform compiler.cross compiler defines that we develope a
programe in one flatform run it on other flatform

Stack pointer is a special purpose 16-bit register in the Microprocessor, which

holds the address of the top of the stack.

In an 8085, the low order address and the data bus share the same pins.
During the first clock cycle of a memory access, the data lines contain the low
order address. External hardware is expected to latch that address on the trailing
edge of ALE, Address Latch Enable. During the next clock cycle, the data lines
either float (for read, S1=1) or change to data value (for write, S1=0).
Because of high stability, large Q (Quality Factor) & the frequency that doesn't
drift with aging. Crystal is used as a clock source most of the times.

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8086
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The 8086 has 16 bit data bus.
8086 has a 6 byte instruction queue.
The 8088 has an 8 bit data bus.
8088 has a 4 byte queue.

8085 is a 8 bit micro processor and all registers have a size of 8-bit.the address
bus width is 16 lines so it can handle 64kbytes of memory.
8086 is 16 bit microprocessor.address width of 20 lines so it can handle 1Mbyte
of memory.

Interpreter is the tool used to connect the user and the tool.

segment registers: CS(Code Segment)to hold code area

SS(Stack Segment)to run program
DS(Data Segment)to hold data
ES(Extra Segment)to hold large data

Accumulator is the register in which Arithmetic and Logic calculations are done.

FIFO (First In First Out) stack is used in 8086.

A collection of devices connected through Bluetooth technology in an ad hoc

fashion.>What are the three main types of connection used by Bluetooth?
Answer Single slave, Master slave, Scatternet
A network of devices connected in an ad hoc fashion using Bluetooth technology.
A piconet is formed when at least two devices, such as a portable PC and a
cellular phone, connect. A piconet can support up to eight devices.

Trace Flag, Interrupt Flag, Direction Flag can be set or reset by the programmer
and also used to control the operation

EU fetches from queue and executes the instruction

applications: 8086 is used for general purpose like it is used in traffic signals for
control
purpose .It's also used for small applications like for calculator,etc

intrvw Qs
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The processor made of PMOS / NMOS / HMOS / HCMOS technology is called
1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th generation processor, and it is made up of 4 / 8 / 16 / 32
bits.
The processing speed depends on DATA BUS WIDTH.
The address bus is unidirectional because the address information is always
given by the Micro Processor to address a memory location of an input / output
devices.
It has limitations on the size of data. Most Microprocessor does not support
floating-point operations.
Microprocessor contain ROM chip because it contain instructions to execute
data.
In primary storage device the storage capacity is limited. It has a volatile
memory. In secondary storage device the storage capacity is larger. It is a
nonvolatile memory. Primary devices are: RAM / ROM. Secondary devices are:
Floppy disc / Hard disk.
Cache memory is a small high-speed memory. It is used for temporary storage of
data & information between the main memory and the CPU.Cache Memory is
scratch pad of computer.
Flag is a flip-flop used to store the information about the status of a processor
and the status of the instruction executed most recently
Nonvolatile Read Write Memory, also called Flash memory. It is also know as
shadow RAM.