Analysis of Various Thicknesses of Shear Wall

with Opening and without Opening and their

Percentage Reinforcement
S.H.Jagadale*, N.L. Shelke
Post Graduate Student Asst. Professor,
Civil Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Department,
Dr.D.Y.Patil School of Engg and Tech, Dr.D.Y.Patil School of Engg and Tech,
Charholi(Bk) Pune-412105,India. Charholi(Bk) Pune-412105,India.
jagadalesharvari001@rediffmail.com

Abstract: Due to increase in population spacing in India is needed, especially in urban areas.
Structural engineers in the seismic regions across the world often face the pre ssure to de sign
high ri se buildings with stiffne ss irregularities, even though they know the se buildings are
vulnerable under seismic loading. Today’s tall buildings are becoming more and more slender,
leading to the possibility of more sway in comparison with earlier high rise buildings. Improving
the structural system s of tall buildings can control their dynamic re sponse. With more
appropriate structural forms such as shear walls and improved material properties. Lateral
force s of wind and earthquake are usually resisted by shear walls which are parallel to the
direction of lateral load. These shear walls, by their shearing resistance and resi stance to
overturning, transfer the lateral loads to the foundation. In the seismic design of buildings,
reinforced concrete structural walls, or shear walls, act as major earthquake resi sting members.
The properties of the se seismic shear walls dominate the response of the buildings, and
therefore, it is important to evaluate the seismic re sponse of the walls appropriately. A shear
wall may contain many openings due to the functional requirements such as doors and
windows, which may largely affect the overall seismic re sponse of the structure . An earthquake
load is applied to a building of ten stories located in zone V. In this pre sent study, main focus i s
to determine effectiveness of shear wall with various thickne sse s, and al so vertical opening,
staggered opening and without opening has been studied with the help of different models and
also analysi s and observe the behaviour of shear wall with and without openings in shear wall
under seismic loads.

Keywords: Shear Wall, Response spectrum Method, Base, Shear, Time Period.

1.0 INTRODUCTION prevents rotation at the joints.

1.1. General Information Shear walls not only help to prevent

I n modern high rise buildings, shear walls are
generally used as a vertical structural element
for resisting the lateral loads that is induced by the
effect of wind and earthquakes, they will have the
strength and stiffness to resist the horizontal
forces. Lateral forces caused by wind, earthquake,
and uneven settlement loads, in addition to the
weight of structure and occupants; create
powerful t wisting (t orsion) forces. These forces
can literally tear (shear) a building apart.
Reinforcing a frame by attaching or placing a rigid
wall inside it maintains the shape of the frame and
catastrophic collapse, but they also help to
prevent small-scale damage like c racked drywall
and fractured tile. Shear walls play the same role
in houses in high-wind zones. No matter the
source of the force exerted on a house —
atmospheric or tectonic—shear walls are simply
designed to prot ect the home and its occupants.
Finite Element modeling now days is an essential
approach in analyzing and simulating civil
engineering problem numerically.
Shear walls are generally located at the
sides of buildings or arranged in the fo rm of core

* Corresponding Author
that houses stairs and lifts. Shear walls in a effectiveness in minimizing earthquake damage in
building is a structurally efficient solution to stiffen structural and nonstructural elements (like glass
the building because they provide t he necessary windows and building contents).
lateral strengt h and stiffness to resist horizontal
forces.. They are generally provided alon g bot h For this study residential type of structure,
length and width of the building and are locat ed at with G+10 building are considered which one of
the exterior, interior sides of the buildings. Shear the frame, with or without opening in shear wall
walls are vertical structural elements for resisting and also find out their percentage reinforcement
the lateral loads that may be induced by the effect by using finite element software (E TABS) under
of wind and earthquakes acting on tall structure. earthquake loads.
To reduce the effect of earthquake reinforced 1.2 Aim & Objectives of Study
concrete shear walls are used in the building.
These can be used for improving seismic Analysis shear wall, wit h or without opening and
response of buildings. The provision of shear wall staggered opening of various thicknesses.
in building t o achieve rigidity has been found
effective and economical. Shear walls are usually Objectives of study:-
used in tall building to avoid collapse of buildings.
1. To study the Performance of the building with
When shear wall are situated in advantageous
opening or without opening in shear wall
positions, they can form an efficient lateral force having varying thickness.
resisting system.
2. To study the behaviour of vertical opening or
Shear walls may have one or more openings
staggered opening in shear wall having
for functional reasons such as doors, windows, varying thickness.
and other types of openings in shear wall. The
size and location of openings may vary depending 3. To study, which thickness of shear walls is
on purpos es of the openings. The size and give best result under the action of lateral
location of shear walls is extremely critical. loads.
Properly designed and detailed buildings with
shear walls have shown good performance in past 4. To determine the percentage of reinforcement
earthquakes. in shear wall under the action of lateral loads
in buildings with help of comparison.
Shear walls also provide lateral stiffness to
prevent the roof or floor above from excessive
side-sway. When shear walls are stiff enough,
they will prevent floor and roof framing members
from moving off their supports. Also, buildings that
are s ufficiently stiff will usually suffer less
non-structural damage. When shear walls are
strong enough, then capable of transferring lateral
forces from walls to next element as a path- floors,
roofs to the ground foundation in a direction
parallel to their planes a shear walls, floors,
foundation walls, footings.

Shear walls in high seismic regions require

special detailing. However, in past earthquakes,
even buildings with sufficient amount of walls that
were not specially detailed for seismic
performance (but had enough well distributed
reinforcement) were saved from collapse. Shear
wall buildings are a popular choice in many
Fig.1: Concept of with and without opening in
earthquake prone countries, like Chile, New
shear wall
Zealand and USA. Shear walls are easy to
construct, because reinforcement detailing of 2.0 MODELLING AND ANALYSIS
walls is relatively straightforward and therefore
easily implemented at site. Shear walls are In this Project, the model was meshed in
efficient, both in terms of construction cost and order to obtain results with higher accuracy. The
earthquake load and load combinations were Model 3 – Staggered opening in shear wall
applied as per IS 1893 – 2002 and the seismic structure
analysis was done by response spectrum method.
300 mm thicknesses:-
In this study, zone given V because in that
area eart hquake occure more time and also their Model 4 – Without opening in shear wall structure
frequency is more. The results obtained are Model 5 – Vertical opening in shear wall structure
compared for the displacement and base shear at
different storey levels Model 6 – Staggered opening in shear wall
structure
2.1 Location of Shear Wall
Figure 2 and Figure 3 show Grid -Plan of RCC
When shear wall are situated in building and elevation of building respectively.
advantageous positions, they can form an efficient
lateral force resisting system. They are generally
provided along both length and width of the
building and are located at the exterior, interior
sides of the buildings. Shear wall located as a
symmetrically to reduce effects of twist. Symmetry
can be along one or bot h the direction. Shear
walls in both directions, which is a more realistic
situation because both wind and earthquake
forces need to be resisted in both directions.

Some shear wall are used for Lift wall and

they are situated in interior of structure. These
shear walls are not providing a opening.

2.2. Preliminary data required for analysis

Fig.3: Elevational Plan for RCC structure

Fig.2: Grid Plan for RCC layout
2.2.2 Code of Practice
2.2.1 Plan of the building model are given
below Number of codes are us ed for design and
analysis of RCC structure, but in that study, refer a
200 mm thicknesses:- following IS codes-

Model 1 – Without opening in shear wall structure IS 456 - 2000-Plain and Reinforced Concrete.

Model 2 – Vertical opening in shear wall structure IS 875 Parts-I -Code of Practice for Design Dead
Loads Shear3 Wall
200mm, 300mm
For Buildings and Structures 3 Thickness

IS 875 Parts-I I-Code of Practice for Design Live

Loads 4 300 mm x 600
Size of column
4 mm
For Buildings and Structures.

IS 875 Parts-III -Code of Practice for Design Wind 5 300mm x 600

Loads Size of beam
5 mm
For Buildings and Structures

IS-1893-2002-(Criteria for Earthquake Resistant 6

Depth of slab 150mm
Design Of Structures) 6
IS 13920:1993 – Ductile Detailing of Reinforced
Concrete structures 1.8m X 2.4m,

Preliminary data are required foe seismic analysis Opening

7 of
1.2m X 1.2m
are as follows in a tabular form. 7 Shear Wall

Table 1: Preliminary geometrical data required 0.9m X 1.2m

for analysis
Table 3: Preliminary load consideration data
Sr.No. Parameter Values required for analysis

Typical Floor Plan

1 22.7m X 18.2 Sr. No. Parameter Values
Dimension

2 Number of Story G+10 1

Dead Load As per structure
1
Floor height

3 Ground Floor 3.5m 2

Impoed Load 2KN/m3
Typical Floor 3.0m 2

4 Infill wall 150 mm thick Ty pical

3 Floor-1KN/m3,
Table 2: Preliminary structural data required Floor Finish
for analysis 3 Terrace Floor- 3
KN/m3
Sr. No. Parameter Values

Special RC Balcony-3KN/m3,
1 4
Type of structure moment Water Proofing
1 4 Toilet- 4 KN/m3
resisting frame

Materials Specific5 weight of 25 KN/m3

5 concrete
Concrete
2 Grade M25
2
Reinforcement Fe 500 Specific6 weight of 20 KN/m3
Grade 6 Infill Wall
 Table 4: Seismic data required for analysis lateral forces at all levels above the story under
consideration. The base shear is found to be
[As pe IS 1893:2002 (part-I)] much lesser for shear wall with staggered
openings when compared to shear wall with
Sr. No Parameter Values vertical openings. As the base shear is reduced,
the shear wall with staggered openings will be
1 less susceptible to damage. However, the base
Seismic zone V
1 shear depends upon the existing soil condition at
the site.
2
Zone factor (Z) 0.36
2
3 0.8
Type of soil Medium
3 0.7
4 0.6
Damping 5%
4 0.5 Series 1
5
Response 5 0.4 Series 2
5 reduction factor (R) 0.3
Time Series 3
Period
0.2
1.0 ( For
6
Importance factor 0.1
Residential
6 (I) 0
Building)
1 3 5 7 9 11

3.0 OBSERVATION AND RESULT Mode

3.1.1Time Period Fig.4: Mode versus Time Period of 200mm thk
shear wall
For seismic analysis, the first mode or the
fundamental time period is the most significant,
which is the inherent property of the building. The
0.9
time period obtained from the analysis for all three
models is shown in figure. It can be seen that the 0.8
staggered openings exhibited a higher value of
0.7
time period when compared to vertical openings,
and without opening in shear wall time period is 0.6
less as compare to with opening in wall, which Time Series 1
0.5
indicates that the shear wall with staggered Period
openings can perform better during seismic action 0.4 Series 2
than the vertical openings and without opening in Series 3
wall. 0.3
0.2
These results are comparatively same for
thickness of 200mm and 300mm s hear wall. 0.1
These results are shown as a graphical form
0
Notation:- 1 3 5 7 9 11

Series 1 = Staggered Opening in shear wall Mode

Series 2 = Vertical Opening in Shear Wall Fig.5: Mode versus Time Period of 300mm thk
Series 3 =Without opening in shear wall shear wall

3.1.2 Base Shear Figure shows, without opening in shear wall

base shear is more as compared to with opening
Story shear is defined as the sum of design in shear wall in all storey level.
 Acknowledgements
6000
I express my profound gratitude to our
5000 project guide Dr. Nagesh L. Shelke for their
inspiring guidance due to which our difficulties and
4000
questions were shaped into the development of
3000 Series 1 this project and complete support, co-operation
and valuable suggestions.
2000 Series 2
Base
Shear 1000 Series 3 I would like to thank Principal, Dr. Ashok S.
Kasnale and H.O.D, Dr. Sanjay K. Kulkarni of Civil
0 Storey10
Department, who were the source of inspiration
Storey12
Base
Storey2
Storey4
Storey6
Storey8

throughout the making of this project stage I and

helped us to accomplish our goals in a much
easier and healthy

Story No. References

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