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dz
z
80 cm
80 ton
50 cm
80 cm
50 cm
AL
30 cm
Az
280 cm
60 cm
Solución:
1) relación entre el área y la coordenada z
- Relación de trapecios para la base:
b z( z) = 0.1071z
+ 0.3
h z( z) = 0.1071z
+ 0.5
- Como el área de un rectángulo es: A bh
A ( z) = b z( z) h z( z) = ( 0.1071z
+ 0.5) ( 0.1071z
+ 0.3)
L
P L P 1
2) de la ley de Hooke: dz
E A E A ( z)
0
L 2.8
P 1 80 1
= dz = dz
E A ( z) 2200000 + 0.5) ( 0.1071z
( 0.1071z + 0.3)
0 0
50 cm
80 cm
1 A1 2 A2 3 A3
L/3 L/3
L/6
A 1 = A z1 ( ) = (0.1071z
1 + 0.5) ( 0.1071z
1 + 0.3) = 0.4125
L
- Elemento 2: L2 = = 0.933
3
3 3
z2 = L = 2.8 = 1.4
6 6
A 2 = A z2 ( ) = (0.1071z
2 + 0.5) ( 0.1071z
2 + 0.3) = 0.2925
L
- Elemento 3: L3 = = 0.933
3
1 1
z3 = L = 2.8 = 0.467
6 6
( ) (
A 3 = A z3 = 0.1071z )(
3 + 0.5 0.1071z )
3 + 0.3 = 0.1925
A1 E A 1 E
−
L1 L1
972321.43 −972321.43
- Elemento 1: k1 = =
− A1 E A1 E −972321.43 972321.43
L1 L1
A2 E A 2 E
−
L2 L2
689464.29 −689464.29
- Elemento 2: k2 = =
− A2 E A2 E −689464.29 689464.29
L2 L2
A 3 E A 3 E
−
L3 L3
453750 −453750
- Elemento 3: k3 = =
− A 3 E A 3 E −453750 453750
L3 L3
A 1 E A 1 E
− 0 0
L1 L1
A E A E A E A 2 E
− 1 1
+
2
− 0 972321.43 −972321.43 0.00 0.00
L 1 L1 L2 L 2 −972321.43 1661785.71 −689464.29 0.00
k = =
A 2 E A 2 E A 3 E A 3 E −689464.29 1143214.29 −453750.00
0 − + −
0.00
L2 L2 L3 L3 0.00 0.00 −453750.00 453750.00
A 3 E A 3 E
0 −
L3
0
L3
0 972321.43 −972321.43 0 0
0
−80
u
u2 −972321.43 1661785.71 −689464.29 0 2 0
k F→
u
3 −689464.29 1143214.29 −453750 u 3 0
0
80
u4 0 0 −453750 453750 u
4
−1
u2 6 5 − 5
0 1.66 10 −6.89 10 0 0 8.23 10
u 3 = kred 0 = −6.89 10 1.14 10 −4.54 10
−1 5 6 5 0 = 1.98 10− 4
u
4 P 5 5 80 − 4
0 −4.54 10 4.54 10 3.75 10
u4 − −4 −4
3.75 10 m − 3.79 10 m
Error% = = = −0.0107
−4
3.79 10 m
El desplazamiento calculado por el método de elementos finitos (usando 3 elementos) es un
1.07 % menor que el valor exacto.
dz
z
15 ton
18 cm
18 cm
5 cm
5 cm
AL
3 cm
Az
300 cm
3 cm
Solución:
1) relación entre el área y la coordenada z
- Relación para la base:
b z( z) = 0.03
h z( z) = 0.0433z
+ 0.05
2
- Como el área de un rectángulo hueco es: A 2 e b + 2 e h − 4 e
2
A( z) = 2 e bz( z) + 2 e hz( z) − 4 e = 0.0002z
+ 0.0003
L
P L P 1
2) de la ley de Hooke: dz
E A E A ( z)
0
L 3
P 1 −15 1
= dz = dz
E A ( z) 21000000 + 0.0003
0.0002z
0 0
5 cm
1 A1 2 A2 3 A3
L/3 L/3
L/6
( )
A 1 = A z1 = 0.0002z
1 + 0.0003 = 0.0007
L
- Elemento 2: L2 = =1
3
3 3
z2 = L = 3 = 1.5
6 6
( )
A 2 = A z2 = 0.0002z
2 + 0.0003 = 0.0006
L
- Elemento 3: L3 = =1
3
1 1
z3 = L = 3 = 0.5
6 6
( )
A 3 = A z3 = 0.0002z
3 + 0.0003 = 0.0004
A 1 E A 1 E
−
L1 L1
15484 −15484
- Elemento 1: k1 = =
− A 1 E A 1 E −15484 15484
L1 L1
A 2 E A 2 E
−
L2 L2
11844 −11844
- Elemento 2: k2 = =
− A 2 E A 2 E −11844 11844
L2 L2
A3 E A3 E
−
L3 L3
8204 −8204
- Elemento 3: k3 = =
− A3 E A3 E −8204 8204
L3 L3
A 1 E A 1 E
− 0 0
L1 L1
A E A E A E A 2 E
− 1 1
+
2
− 0 15484 −15484 0 0
L1 L1 L2 L2 −15484 27328 −11844 0
k = =
A 2 E A 2 E A 3 E A 3 E −11844 20048 −8204
0 − + −
0
L2 L2 L3 L3 0 0 −8204 8204
A 3 E A 3 E
0 −
L3
0
L3
0 15484 −15484 0 0
0
15
u
u2 −15484 27328 −11844 0 2
k F→ 0
u
3 0 −11844 20048 −8204 u 3 0
0 −15
u4 0 −8204 8204 u
4
u4 − −0.00406 m − −0.00411 m
Error% = = = −0.01108
−0.00411 m
u5=0 u1 u2 u3 u4
K3 10 t
8
20 t
5t
K2
K1 K3
4
4
2 1 K2 10 t 3 7
K1 K2 K3
3 2
1 5 6
Datos:
𝐾1 = 5 𝑡⁄𝑚
𝐾2 = 4 𝑡⁄𝑚
𝐾3 = 2 𝑡⁄𝑚
• Para el resorte 1
1 1
𝑘 −𝑘1 𝐹51 F5
[ 1
−𝑘1
][ ]
𝑘1 𝐹11
1
𝐹5 = −𝑘1 ∗ 𝑢1 F1
𝐹11 = 𝑘1 ∗ 𝑢1
• Para el resorte 2
u5=0 → u1 →
𝑢5=0
[ 𝑢 ]
1
2 2
𝑘 −𝑘1 𝐹5 2 F5 F1
[ 1 ][ ] 𝐹5 2 = −𝑘1 ∗ 𝑢1
−𝑘1 𝑘1 𝐹1 2
𝐹1 2 = 𝑘1 ∗ 𝑢1
• Para el resorte 3
u1 → u2 →
𝑢1
[𝑢 ]
2
3 3
𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝐹1 3 F1 F2
[ ][ ] 𝐹1 3 = 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢1 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢2
−𝑘2 𝑘2 𝐹2 3
𝐹2 3 = −𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢1 + 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢2
• Para el resorte 4
u1 → u3 →
𝑢1
[𝑢 ]
3 4 4
F1 F3
𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝐹1 4
[ ][ ] 𝐹1 4 = 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢1 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢3
−𝑘2 𝑘2 𝐹3 4
𝐹3 4 = −𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢1 + 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢3
• Para el resorte 5
u2 → u3 →
𝑢2
[𝑢 ] 5 5
3
F2 F3
𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝐹2 5
[ ][ ] 𝐹2 5 = 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢2 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢3
−𝑘2 𝑘2 𝐹3 5
𝐹3 5 = −𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢2 + 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢3
• Para el resorte 6
𝑢3
u3 → u4 →
[𝑢 ]
4
6 6
𝑘 −𝑘3 𝐹3 6 F3 F4
[ 3 ][ ] 𝐹3 6 = 𝑘3 ∗ 𝑢3 − 𝑘3 ∗ 𝑢4
−𝑘3 𝑘3 𝐹4 6
𝐹4 6 = −𝑘3 ∗ 𝑢3 + 𝑘3 ∗ 𝑢4
• Para el resorte 7
u3 → u4 →
𝑢3
[𝑢 ] 7 7
4 F3 F4
𝑘3 −𝑘3 𝐹3 7
[ ][ ] 𝐹3 7 = 𝑘3 ∗ 𝑢3 − 𝑘3 ∗ 𝑢4
−𝑘3 𝑘3 𝐹4 7
𝐹4 7 = −𝑘3 ∗ 𝑢3 + 𝑘3 ∗ 𝑢4
• Para el resorte 8
u5=0 u4 →
𝑢5 = 0 8 8
[ ]
𝑢4 F5 F4
𝑘3 −𝑘3 𝐹5 8
[ ][ ] 𝐹5 8 = −𝑘3 ∗ 𝑢4
−𝑘3 𝑘3 𝐹4 8
𝐹4 8 = 𝑘3 ∗ 𝑢4
• Carro 1
5t
• ∑𝐹𝑥 = 0 4
2
F1 F1
𝐹11 + 𝐹1 2 + 𝐹1 3 + 𝐹1 4 = −5 …..(1)
1 3
F1 F1
• Carro 2
∑𝐹𝑥 = 0
30 t 𝐹2 3 + 𝐹2 5 = 30…..(2)
3
F2
5
F2
• Carro 3
∑𝐹𝑥 = 0
20 t 𝐹3 4 + 𝐹3 5 + 𝐹3 6 + 𝐹3 7 = −20…..(3)
4
F3
4 F1
5 6
F3 F3
• Carro 4
∑𝐹𝑥 = 0
10 t
𝐹4 6 + 𝐹4 7 + 𝐹4 8 = −10….(4)
8
F4
7
F4
6
F4
𝐹11 + 𝐹1 2 + 𝐹1 3 + 𝐹1 4 = −5
𝐹2 3 + 𝐹2 5 = 30
𝐹3 4 + 𝐹3 5 + 𝐹3 6 + 𝐹3 7 = −20
𝐹4 6 + 𝐹4 7 + 𝐹4 8 = −10
𝑘1 ∗ 𝑢1 + 𝑘1 ∗ 𝑢1 + (𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢1 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢2 ) + (𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢1 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢3 ) = −5
(−𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢1 + 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢2 ) + (𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢2 − 𝑘2 ∗ 𝑢3 ) = 30
5 ∗ 𝑢1 + 5 ∗ 𝑢1 + 4 ∗ 𝑢1 − 4 ∗ 𝑢2 + 4 ∗ 𝑢1 − 4 ∗ 𝑢3 = −5
−4 ∗ 𝑢1 + 4 ∗ 𝑢2 + 4 ∗ 𝑢2 − 4 ∗ 𝑢3 = 30
−4 ∗ 𝑢1 + 4 ∗ 𝑢3 − 4 ∗ 𝑢2 + 4 ∗ 𝑢3 + 2 ∗ 𝑢3 − 2 ∗ 𝑢4 + 2 ∗ 𝑢3 − 2 ∗ 𝑢4 = −20
−2 ∗ 𝑢3 + 2 ∗ 𝑢4 − 2 ∗ 𝑢3 + 2 ∗ 𝑢4 + 2 ∗ 𝑢4 = −10
18 ∗ 𝑢1 − 4 ∗ 𝑢2 + 4 ∗ 𝑢3 = −5
−4 ∗ 𝑢1 + 8 ∗ 𝑢2 − 4 ∗ 𝑢3 = 30
−4 ∗ 𝑢1 − 4 ∗ 𝑢2 + 12 ∗ 𝑢3 − 4 ∗ 𝑢4 = −20
−2 ∗ 𝑢3 + 6 ∗ 𝑢4 = −10
𝑢1 = 0,04
𝑢2 = 2,99
𝑢3 = −1,56
𝑢4 = −2,70
𝐹5 2 = −5 ∗ 0,04 = −0,2𝑡
𝐹1 2 = 5 ∗ 0,04 = −0,2𝑡
𝐹4 8 = (2 ∗ −2,70) = −5,4𝑡
1
2 3
DATOS:
6 ton
Módulo de elasticidad: E = 2 10
2
m
−3 4
Inercia de la sección: I = 2.083 10 m
Longitud de la Barra 1: L1 = 9 m
Longitud de la Barra 2: L2 = 6 m
Cargas: P = 4 ton
ton
q = 8
m
Solución:
Elemento 1.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12 E I 6 E I
−
12 E I
6 E I
3 2 3
2
L1 L1 L1 L1
6 E I 4 E I
−
6 E I 2 E I
L1
68.59 308.64 −68.59 308.64
L2 L1
L1
2
K 1 = 1 = 308.64 1851.85 −308.64 925.93
12 E I 6 E I 12 E I 6 E I −68.59 −308.64 68.59 −308.64
− 3 − −
2
L1 308.64 925.93 −308.64 1851.85
2 3
L1 L1 L1
6 E I 2 E I
−
6 E I 4 E I
L2 L1 2 L1
1 L1
4 0
f = 8
1
4 a1 = 0
−8 0
a
4
Elemento 2.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12 E I 6 E I
−
12 E I
6 E I
3 2 3 2
L2 L2 L2 L2
6 E I 4 E I
−
6 E I 2 E I
L2
231.48 694.44 −231.48 694.44
L2 L2
L2
2
K 2 = 2 = 694.44 2777.78 −694.44 1388.89
12 E I 6 E I 12 E I 6 E I −231.48 −694.44 231.48 −694.44
− 3 − −
2
L2 694.44 1388.89 −694.44 2777.78
2 3
L2 L2 L2
6 E I 2 E I
−
6 E I 4 E I
L2 L2 2 L2
2 L2
7.2 0
a
f 2 = 9.6 a2 = 4
16.8 0
−14.4 a
6
4 0
8
0
11.2 0
f = a = a
1.6
16.8 4
0
−14.4 a
6
Matrices reducidas.-
Ecuación general: K a r −f
Elemento 1.-
Elemento 2.-
231.48 −231.48
7.2
694.44 694.44 0
10.02
3 3 − 3
q2 = K2 a2 + f 2 = 694.44 2.78 10 −694.44 1.39 10 −2.24 10 9.6 =
12.14
+
−231.48 −694.44 231.48 −694.44
0
16.8 13.98
−
694.44 3 3 − 3 −14.4 −1.78 10 15
1.39 10 −694.44 2.78 10 6.3 10
Resumiendo:
3.31 10.02
q 1 = 5.93 q2 = 12.14
4.69 13.98
−12.14 −0
DATOS:
6 ton
Módulo de elasticidad: E = 2 10
2
m
−3 4
Inercia de la sección: I = 2.083 10 m
Longitud de la Barra 1: L1 = 6 m
Longitud de la Barra 2: L2 = 6 m
ton
Cargas: q1 = 9
m
ton
q 2 = 10
m
Solución:
Elemento 1.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12 E I 6 E I − 12 E I 6 E I
3 2 3 2
L1 L1 L1 L1
6 E I 4 E I − 6 E I 2 E I 231.48 694.44 −231.48 694.44
L2 L1
L1
2 L1
K =
1 1 = 694.44 2777.78 −694.44 1388.89
12 E I 6 E I 12 E I 6 E I −231.48 −694.44 231.48 −694.44
− − −
2
L1 694.44 1388.89 −694.44 2777.78
3 2 3
L1 L1 L1
6 E I 2 E I − 6 E I 4 E I
L2 L1 2 L1
1 L1
13.5 0
a
f 1 = 16.875 a1 = 2
13.5 0
−16.875 a
4
Elemento 2.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12 E I 6 E I
−
12 E I
6 E I
3 2 3
2
L2 L2 L2 L2
6 E I 4 E I
−
6 E I 2 E I
L2
231.48 694.44 −231.48 694.44
L2 L2
L2
2
K = 2
2 = 694.44 2777.78 −694.44 1388.89
12 E I 6 E I 12 E I 6 E I −231.48 −694.44 231.48 −694.44
− 3 − −
2
L2 694.44 1388.89 −694.44 2777.78
2 3
L2 L2 L2
6 E I 2 E I
−
6 E I 4 E I
L2 L2 2 L2
2 L2
9 0
a
f 2 = 12 a2 = 4
21 0
−18 a
6
0
0 0 −231.481 −694.444 231.481 −694.444
−18 a6 3 3
0 0 694.444 1.389 10 −694.444 2.778 10
Matrices reducidas.-
a2 −6.59 10− 3
4 = kr (rr − fr ) = 1.04 10
a −1 − 3
a −3
6 5.96 10
Elemento 1.-
Elemento 2.-
231.48 −231.48
9
694.44 694.44 0
13.86
3 3 − 3
q2 = K 2 a2 + f 2 = 694.44 2.78 10 −694.44 1.39 10 1.04 10 12 23.16
+ =
−231.48 −694.44 231.48 −694.44
0
21 16.14
−18 −3.55 10− 15
694.44 3 − 3
1.39 10 −694.44 2.78 10 5.96 10
3
Resumiendo:
9.64 13.86
q 1 = 0 q2 = 23.16
17.36 16.14
−23.16 −0
DATOS:
6 ton
Módulo de elasticidad: E = 2 10
2
m
−3 4
Inercia: I = 2.083 10 m
Longitud de la Barra 1: L1 = 5 m
Longitud de la Barra 2: L2 = 4 m
Longitud de la Barra 3: L3 = 5 m
ton
Cargas: q1 = 6
m
ton
q2 = 3
m
Solución:
Elemento 1.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12E I 6E I
−
12E I 6E I
3 2 3
2
L1 L1 L1 L1
6E I 4E I
−
6E I 2E I
L1
400 1000 −400 1000
L2 L1
L1
2
K 1 = 1 = 1000 3333.33 −1000 1666.67
12E I 6E I 12E I 6E I −400 −1000 400 −1000
− 3 − −
2
L1 1000 1666.67 −1000 3333.33
2 3
L1 L1 L1
6E I 2E I
−
6E I 4E I
L2 L1 2 L1
1 L1
4.5 0
f 1 = 5 a1 = 0
10.5 0
−7.5 a
4
DOCENTE: Ing. Oscar Chávez Vargas
Elementos Finitos en Estructuras
Elemento 2.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12E I 6E I
−
12E I 6E I
3 2
3 2
L2 L2 L2 L2
6E I 4E I
−
6E I 2E I
L2
781.25 1562.5 −781.25 1562.5
L2 L2
L2
2
K = 2
2 = 1562.5 4166.67 −1562.5 2083.33
12E I 6E I 12E I 6E I −781.25 −1562.5 781.25 −1562.5
− 3 − −
2
L2 1562.5 2083.33 −1562.5 4166.67
2 3
L2 L2 L2
6E I 2E I
−
6E I 4E I
L2 L2 2 L2
2 L2
6 0
a
f 2 = 4 a2 = 4
6 0
−4 a
6
Elemento 3.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12E I 6E I
−
12E I 6E I
3 2
3 2
L3 L3 L3 L3
6E I 4E I
−
6E I 2E I
L3
400 1000 −400 1000
L2 L3
L3
2
K = 3
3 = 1000 3333.33 −1000 1666.67
12E I 6E I 12E I 6E I −400 −1000 400 −1000
− 3 − −
2
L3 1000 1666.67 −1000 3333.33
2 3
L3 L3 L3
6E I 2E I
−
6E I 4E I
L2 L3 2 L3
3 L3
10.5 0
a
f 3 = 7.5 a3 = 6
4.5 0
−5 a
8
4.5 0
5
0
16.5 0
−3.5 a
a =
4
f =
16.5 0
3.5 a
4.5 6
0
−5 a
8
Matrices reducidas.-
a4 7.848 10− 4
a6 = kr (rr − fr ) = −1.145 10
− 1 − 3
a −3
8 2.073 10
q e e e
K a +f
e
Elemento 1.-
400 1 10
3
−400
1 10
3
0 4.5 5.28
3 3 3 3
q = K a + f = 1 10 3.33 10 −1 10 1.67 10 0
1 1 1 1 + 5 = 6.31
3 3 0 10.5 9.72
−400 −1 10 400 −1 10
− 4 −7.5 −4.88
1 103 3 3 3 7.85 10
1.67 10 −1 10 3.33 10
Elemento 2.-
781.25 1.56 10
3
−781.25 3
1.56 100
6 5.44
3 3 3 3 −4
q2 = K 2 a2 + f 2 = 1.56 10 4.17 10 −1.56 10 2.08 10 7.85 10
+ 4 4.88
=
3 6 6.56
781.25 −1.56 10
3 0
−781.25 −1.56 10
− 3 −4 −7.14
1.56 103 3 3 3 −1.15 10
2.08 10 −1.56 10 4.17 10
Elemento 3.-
400 1 10
3
−400
1 10
3
0
10.5 11.43
3 3 3 3 − 3
q3 = K 3 a3 + f 3 = 1 10 3.33 10 −1 10 1.67 10 −1.15 10
+ 7.5 7.14
=
3 4.5 3.57
−1 10
3 0
−400 −1 10 400
− 3 −5 0
1 103 3 3 3 2.07 10
1.67 10 −1 10 3.33 10
Resumiendo tenemos:
5.28
5.44 11.43
q =
1 6.31
9.72 q 2 = 4.88 q3 = 7.14
−4.88 6.56 3.57
−7.14 0
DATOS:
6 ton
Módulo de elasticidad: E = 2 10
2
m
−3 4
Inercia: I = 2.083 10 m
Longitud de la Barra 1: L1 = 5 m
Longitud de la Barra 2: L2 = 6 m
Longitud de la Barra 3: L3 = 5 m
Longitud de la Barra 3: L4 = 6 m
ton ton
Cargas: q1 = 5 q2 = 7
m m
P = 6 ton
Solución:
Elemento 1.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12E I 6E I
−
12E I 6E I
3 2 3
2
L1 L1 L1 L1
6E I 4E I
−
6E I 2E I
L1
400 1000 −400
1000
L2 L1
L1
2
K = 1
1 = 1000 3333.33 −1000 1666.67
12E I 6E I 12E I 6E I −400 −1000 400 −1000
− 3 − −
2
L1 1000 1666.67 −1000 3333.33
2 3
L1 L1 L1
6E I 2E I
−
6E I 4E I
L2 L1 2 L1
1 L1
Vector fuerzas y vector desplazamientos:
3.75 0
f 1 = 4.167 a1 = 0
8.75 0
−6.25 a
4
DOCENTE: Ing. Oscar Chávez Vargas
Elementos Finitos en Estructuras
Elemento 2.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12E I 6E I
−
12E I 6E I
3 2 3
2
L2 L2 L2 L2
6E I 4E I
−
6E I 2E I
L2
231.48 694.44 −231.48 694.44
L2 L2
L2
2
K = 2
2 = 694.44 2777.78 −694.44 1388.89
12E I 6E I 12E I 6E I −231.48 −694.44 231.48 −694.44
− 3 − −
2
L2 694.44 1388.89 −694.44 2777.78
2 3
L2 L2 L2
6E I 2E I
−
6E I 4E I
L2 L2 2 L2
2 L2
21 0
a
f 2 = 21 a2 = 4
21 0
−21 a
6
Elemento 3.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12E I 6E I
−
12E I 6E I
3 2 3 2
L3 L3 L3 L3
6E I 4E I
−
6E I 2E I
L3
400 1000 −400 1000
L2 L3
L3
2
K = 3
3 = 1000 3333.33 −1000 1666.67
12E I 6E I 12E I 6E I −400 −1000 400 −1000
− 3 − −
2
L3 1000 1666.67 −1000 3333.33
2 3
L3 L3 L3
6E I 2E I
−
6E I 4E I
L2 L3 2 L3
3 L3
8.75 0
a
f 3 = 6.25 a3 = 6
3.75 0
−4.167 a
8
Elemento 4.-
Matriz de rigidez:
12E I 6E I
−
12E I 6E I
3 2 3 2
L4 L4 L4 L4
6E I 4E I
−
6E I 2E I
L4
231.48 694.44 −231.48 694.44
L2 L4
L4
2
K 4 = 4 = 694.44 2777.78 −694.44 1388.89
12E I 6E I 12E I 6E I −231.48 −694.44 231.48 −694.44
− 3 − −
2
L4 694.44 1388.89 −694.44 2777.78
2 3
L4 L4 L4
6E I 2E I
−
6E I 4E I
L2 L4 2 L4
4 L4
3 0
f 4 = 4.5 a4 = a8
3 0
−4.5
0
Matriz de rigidez del sistema.-
3.75 0
0
4.167 0
29.75 a
14.75 4
0
f =
29.75
a =
−14.75 a
6
6.75 0
a
0.333 8
3 0
−4.5 0
Matrices reducidas.-
a4 −3.188 10− 3
a6 = kr (rr − fr ) = 3.406 10− 3
− 1
a − 4
8 −9.836 10
q e e e
K a +f
e
Elemento 1.-
400 1 10
3
−400
1 10
3
0 3.75 0.56
3 3 3 3
q1 = K 1 a1 + f 1 = 1 10 3.33 10 −1 10 1.67 10 + 4.17 = −1.15
0
3 3 0 8.75 11.94
−400 −1 10 400 −1 10
− 3 −6.25 −16.88
1 103 3 3 3 −3.19 10
1.67 10 −1 10 3.33 10
Elemento 2.-
Elemento 3.-
400 1 10
3
−400
1 10
3
0
8.75 11.17
3 3 3 3 −3
q3 = K 3 a3 + f 3 = 1 10 3.33 10 −1 10 1.67 10 3.41 10
+ 6.25 15.97
=
3 3.75 1.33
−1 10
3 0
−400 −1 10 400
− 4 −4.17 −1.77
1 103 3 3 3 −9.84 10
1.67 10 −1 10 3.33 10
Elemento 4.-
Resumiendo tenemos:
PÓRTICOS
Resolver el siguiente pórtico usando el método de los elementos finitos.
B
A
kN
E = 2 107
2
m
DATOS:
2 kN
Barra A-C.- A = 0.1 m Carga: q = 50
m
−3 4
I = 2.083 10 m
LAB = 5 m
LBC = 4 m
2
Barra B-D.- A = 0.1 m
−3 4
I = 2.083 10 m
LBD = 3 m
SOLUCIÓN:
1) Numeración de barras y grados de desplazamiento
2 5 11
6 12
3 1 4 10
1 2
8
9
7
Barra 1
0
0
2 5
0
6 Deformaciones: a 1 =
a4
3
1 4 a5
a
50 kN/m 6
L=5m
104.67 104.67 0
125
125 125
Cargas: f =
1 104.167
0
125
−104.167
Matriz de rigidez del elemento en coordenadas locales:
400000 0 0 −400000 0 0
0 4000 10000 0 −4000 10000
−10000 16666.67
K =
1e 0 10000 33333.33 0
−400000 0 0 400000 0 0
0 −4000 −10000 0 4000 −10000
0 10000 16666.67 0 −10000 33333.33
Matriz de rotación: = 0°
cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
R =
0
=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
400000 0 0 −400000 0 0
0 4000 10000 0 −4000 10000
−10000 16666.67
K = R K R =
1 T 1e 0 10000 33333.33 0
−400000 0 0 400000 0 0
0 −4000 −10000 0 4000 −10000
0 10000 16666.67 0 −10000 33333.33
DOCENTE: Ing. Oscar Chávez Vargas
Elementos Finitos en Estructuras
Barra 2
a4
5 11 a5
6 12 Deformaciones: a 2 = a6
4 10 0
0
50 kN/m 0
L=4m 0
100
66.67 100 100 66.67
Cargas: f =
2 66.667
0
100
−66.667
500000 0 0 −500000 0 0
0 7812.5 15625 0 −7812.5 15625
−15625 20833.33
K =
2e 0 15625 41666.67 0
−500000 0 0 500000 0 0
0 −7812.5 −15625 0 7812.5 −15625
0 15625 20833.33 0 −15625 41666.67
Matriz de rotación: = 0°
cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
R =
0
=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Barra 3
a4 0
0
a5
Deformaciones: a 3 = a6 Cargas: f 3 = 0
0
0 0
0
0
0
666666.67 0 0 −666666.67 0 0
0 18518.52 27777.78 0 −18518.52 27777.78
−27777.78 27777.78
K3e = 0 27777.78 55555.56 0
−666666.67 0 0 666666.67 0 0
0 −18518.52 −27777.78 0 18518.52 −27777.78
0 27777.78 27777.78 0 −27777.78 55555.56
cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 −1 0 0 0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
R =
0
=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 −1 0
0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
400000 0 0 −400000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 4000 10000 0 −4000 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 10000 33333.3 0 −10000 16666.7 0 0 0 0 0 0
−400000 0 0 918518.5 0 27777.8 −18518.5 −0 27777.8 −500000 0 0
0 −4000 −10000 0 678479.2 5625 −0 −666666.7 −0 0 −7812.5 15625
0 10000 16666.7 27777.8 5625 130555.6 −27777.8 0 27777.8 0 −15625 20833.3
K =
0 0 0 −18518.5 −0 −27777.8 18518.5 0 −27777.8 0 0 0
0 0 0 −0 −666666.7 0 0 666666.7 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 27777.8 −0 27777.8 −27777.8 0 55555.6 0 0 0
0 0 0 −500000 0 0 0 0 0 500000 0 0
0 0 0 0 −7812.5 −15625 0 0 0 0 7812.5 −15625
0 0 0 0 15625 20833.3 0 0 0 0 −15625 41666.7
0 0
125 0
104.167 0
0 a4
225
a5
− 37.5 a
f = a = 6
0
0 0
0
0
0 0
100 0
0
−66.667
0
918518.52 0 27777.78
kred = 0 678479.17 5625
27777.78 5625 130555.56
0 0
fred = 225 rred = 0
−37.5 0
a4 918518.52 27777.78 a4 0 0
0
kred a5 rred − fred → 0 678479.17 5625 a5 0 − 225
a
27777.78 130555.56 a6 0 −37.5
6 5625
a4 −9.181 10− 6
−1
5
a = kred ( r red − f red) = −
−3.341 10 4
a −4
6 3.036 10
Elemento 1.-
−400000 0
400000 0 0 0 0 0
0 −4000 10000
0 125
4000 10000 0
−10000 16666.67 0
K1 = 0 10000 33333.33 0
a 1 = − 6 f 1 = 104.167
−400000 0 −9.181 10 0
0
0 400000 0 0
125
−4000 −10000 0 4000 −10000
−3.341 10− 4
0 10000 16666.67 0 −10000 33333.33 −4
−104.167
3.036 10
3.672
129.372
q1 = K1 a 1 + f 1 = 112.568
−3.672
120.628
Elemento 2.- −90.706
−9.181 10− 6
500000 0 0 −500000 0 0 0
0 − 100
15625 −3.341 10 4
7812.5 15625 0 −7812.5
66.667
K2 = 0 15625 41666.67 0 −15625 20833.33 a 2 = 3.036 10− 4 f =
2
−500000 0 0
0 500000 0 0 0 100
0 −15625
−7812.5 −15625 0 7812.5
0
−66.667
0 15625 20833.33 0 −15625 41666.67 0
−4.59
102.133
q = K a + f =
2 2 2 2 74.095
4.59
97.867
−65.563
Elemento 3.-
−9.181 10− 6
0 8.263
0 −222.761
−3.341 10− 4
a 3 = 3.036 10− 4 f 3 = 0 q3 = K3 a 3 + f 3 = 16.611
0 −8.263
0 0 222.761
0
0 8.178
0
Resumiendo:
3.7 −4.6 8.3
129.4 102.1 −222.8
q1 = 112.6 q2 = 74.1 q3 = 16.6
−3.7 4.6 −8.3
120.6 97.9 222.8
−90.7 −65.6 8.2
Cortantes, "Q"
Normales, "N"
PÓRTICOS
Resolver el siguiente pórtico usando el método de los elementos finitos.
B
A
kN
E = 2 107
2
m
DATOS:
2 kN
Barra A-C.- A = 0.1 m Carga: q = 60
m
−3 4
I = 2.083 10 m
LAB = 5 m
LBC = 4 m
2
Barra B-D.- A = 0.1 m
−3 4
I = 2.083 10 m
LBD = 3 m
SOLUCIÓN:
1) Numeración de barras y grados de desplazamiento
2 5 11
6 12
3 1 4 10
1 2
8
9
7
Barra 1
0
0
0
Deformaciones: a 1 =
a4
a5
a
6
0
45
Cargas: f = 50
1
0
105
−75
Matriz de rigidez del elemento en coordenadas locales:
400000 0 0 −400000 0 0
0 4000 10000 0 −4000 10000
−10000 16666.67
K1e = 0 10000 33333.33 0
−400000 0 0 400000 0 0
0 −4000 −10000 0 4000 −10000
0 10000 16666.67 0 −10000 33333.33
Matriz de rotación: = 0°
cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
R =
0
=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
400000 0 0 −400000 0 0
0 4000 10000 0 −4000 10000
−10000 16666.67
K1 = RT K1e R = 0 10000 33333.33 0
−400000 0 0 400000 0 0
0 −4000 −10000 0 4000 −10000
0 10000 16666.67 0 −10000 33333.33
DOCENTE: Ing. Oscar Chávez Vargas
Elementos Finitos en Estructuras
Barra 2
a4
a5
Deformaciones: a 2 = a6
0
0
0
0
84
Cargas: f 2 = 48
0
36
−32
500000 0 0 −500000 0 0
0 7812.5 15625 0 −7812.5 15625
−15625 20833.33
K =
2e 0 15625 41666.67 0
−500000 0 0 500000 0 0
0 −7812.5 −15625 0 7812.5 −15625
0 15625 20833.33 0 −15625 41666.67
Matriz de rotación: = 0°
cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
R =
0
=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
500000 0 0 −500000 0 0
0 7812.5 15625 0 −7812.5 15625
−15625 20833.33
K2 = RT K2e R = 0 15625 41666.67 0
−500000 0 0 500000 0 0
0 −7812.5 −15625 0 7812.5 −15625
0 15625 20833.33 0 −15625 41666.67
Barra 3
a4 0
0
a5
Deformaciones: a 3 = a6 Cargas: f 3 = 0
0
0 0
0
0
0
666666.67 0 0 −666666.67 0 0
0 18518.52 27777.78 0 −18518.52 27777.78
−27777.78 27777.78
K3e = 0 27777.78 55555.56 0
−666666.67 0 0 666666.67 0 0
0 −18518.52 −27777.78 0 18518.52 −27777.78
0 27777.78 27777.78 0 −27777.78 55555.56
cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 −1 0 0 0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
R =
0
=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 −1 0
0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
400000 0 0 −400000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 4000 10000 0 −4000 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 10000 33333.3 0 −10000 16666.7 0 0 0 0 0 0
−400000 0 0 918518.5 0 27777.8 −18518.5 −0 27777.8 −500000 0 0
0 −4000 −10000 0 678479.2 5625 −0 −666666.7 −0 0 −7812.5 15625
0 10000 16666.7 27777.8 5625 130555.6 −27777.8 0 27777.8 0 −15625 20833.3
K =
0 0 0 −18518.5 −0 −27777.8 18518.5 0 −27777.8 0 0 0
0 0 0 −0 −666666.7 0 0 666666.7 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 27777.8 −0 27777.8 −27777.8 0 55555.6 0 0 0
0 0 0 −500000 0 0 0 0 0 500000 0 0
0 0 0 0 −7812.5 −15625 0 0 0 0 7812.5 −15625
0 0 0 0 15625 20833.3 0 0 0 0 −15625 41666.7
0 0
45 0
50 0
0 a4
189
a5
−27 a
f = a = 6
0
0 0
0
0
0 0
36 0
0
−32 0
918518.52 0 27777.78
kred = 0 678479.17 5625
27777.78 5625 130555.56
0 0
fred = 189 rred = 0
−27 0
a4 918518.52 27777.78 a4 0 0
0
kred a5 rred − fred → 0 678479.17 5625 a5 0 − 189
a
27777.78 130555.56 a6 0 −27
6 5625
a4 −6.663 10− 6
−1
5
a = kred ( r red − f red) = −
−2.804 10 4
a −4
6 2.203 10
Elemento 1.-
−400000 0
400000 0 0 0 0 0
0 −4000 10000
0 45
4000 10000 0
−10000 16666.67 0
K1 = 0 10000 33333.33 0
a 1 = − 6 f 1 = 50
−400000 0 0 400000 0 0 −6.663 10 0
0 105
−4000 −10000 0 4000 −10000
−2.804 10− 4
0 10000 16666.67 0 −10000 33333.33 −4
−75
2.203 10
2.665
48.325
q1 = K1 a 1 + f 1 = 56.476
−2.665
101.675
−64.853
Elemento 2.-
−6.663 10− 6
500000 0 0 −500000 0 0 0
84
0 7812.5 15625 0 −7812.5 15625 −2.804 10− 4
K =
2 0 15625 41666.67 0 −15625 20833.33 a 2 = 2.203 10− 4 f = 48
2
−500000 0 0
0 500000 0 0 0 36
0
−7812.5 −15625 0 7812.5 −15625
0
−32
0 15625 20833.33 0 −15625 41666.67 0
−3.331
85.252
q = K a + f =
2 2 2 2 52.798
3.331
34.748
−31.791
Elemento 3.-
−6.663 10− 6
0 5.996
− 0 −186.927
−2.804 10 4
a 3 = 2.203 10− 4 f = 0
3 q = K a + f =
3 3 3 3 12.054
0 −5.996
0 0 186.927
0
0 5.935
0
Resumiendo:
2.7 −3.3 6
48.3 85.3 −186.9
q =
1 56.5
q =
2 52.8
q =
3 12.1
−2.7 3.3 −6
101.7 34.7 186.9
−64.9 −31.8 5.9
Cortantes, "Q"
Normales, "N"
PÓRTICOS
Resolver el siguiente pórtico usando el método de los elementos finitos.
A C
kN
E = 2 107
2
m
DATOS:
2 kN
Barra A-C.- A = 0.1 m Cargas: q = 50
m
−3 4
I = 2.083 10 m P = 60kN
LAB = 6 m
LBC = 4 m
2
Barra B-D.- A = 0.1 m
−3 4
I = 2.083 10 m
LBD = 3 m
SOLUCIÓN:
1) Numeración de barras y grados de desplazamiento
2 5 11
6 12
3 1 4 10
1 2
8
9
7
DOCENTE: Ing. Oscar Chávez Vargas
Elementos Finitos en Estructuras
Barra 1
0
0
0
Deformaciones: a 1 =
a4
a5
a
6
0
60
Cargas: f 1 = 80
0
60
−80
Matriz de rigidez del elemento en coordenadas locales:
333333.33 0 0 −333333.33 0 0
0 2314.81 6944.44 0 −2314.81 6944.44
−6944.44 13888.89
K1e = 0 6944.44 27777.78 0
−333333.33 0 0 333333.33 0 0
0 −2314.81 −6944.44 0 2314.81 −6944.44
0 6944.44 13888.89 0 −6944.44 27777.78
Matriz de rotación: = 0°
cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
R =
0
=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
333333.33 0 0 −333333.33 0 0
0 2314.81 6944.44 0 −2314.81 6944.44
−6944.44 13888.89
K1 = RT K1e R = 0 6944.44 27777.78 0
−333333.33 0 0 333333.33 0 0
0 −2314.81 −6944.44 0 2314.81 −6944.44
0 6944.44 13888.89 0 −6944.44 27777.78
Barra 2
a4
a5
Deformaciones: a 2 = a6
0
0
0
0
70
Cargas: f 2 = 40
0
30
−26.667
500000 0 0 −500000 0 0
0 7812.5 15625 0 −7812.5 15625
−15625 20833.33
K =
2e 0 15625 41666.67 0
−500000 0 0 500000 0 0
0 −7812.5 −15625 0 7812.5 −15625
0 15625 20833.33 0 −15625 41666.67
Matriz de rotación: = 0°
cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
R =
0
=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
500000 0 0 −500000 0 0
0 7812.5 15625 0 −7812.5 15625
−15625 20833.33
K2 = RT K2e R = 0 15625 41666.67 0
−500000 0 0 500000 0 0
0 −7812.5 −15625 0 7812.5 −15625
0 15625 20833.33 0 −15625 41666.67
DOCENTE: Ing. Oscar Chávez Vargas
Elementos Finitos en Estructuras
Barra 3
a4 0
0
a5
Deformaciones: a 3 = a6 Cargas: f 3 = 0
0
0 0
0
0
0
666666.67 0 0 −666666.67 0 0
0 18518.52 27777.78 0 −18518.52 27777.78
−27777.78 27777.78
K =
3e 0 27777.78 55555.56 0
−666666.67 0 0 666666.67 0 0
0 −18518.52 −27777.78 0 18518.52 −27777.78
0 27777.78 27777.78 0 −27777.78 55555.56
cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 −1 0 0 0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
R =
0
=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 0 0 0 0 −1 0
0 0
−sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
333333 0 0 −333333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 2315 6944 0 −2315 6944 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 6944 27778 0 −6944 13889 0 0 0 0 0 0
−333333 0 0 851852 0 27778 −18519 −0 27778 −500000 0 0
0 −2315 −6944 0 676794 8681 −0 −666667 −0 0 −7813 15625
0 6944 13889 27778 8681 125000 −27778 0 27778 0 −15625 20833
K =
0 0 0 −18519 −0 −27778 18519 0 −27778 0 0 0
0 0 0 −0 −666667 0 0 666667 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 27778 −0 27778 −27778 0 55556 0 0 0
0 0 0 −500000 0 0 0 0 0 500000 0 0
0 0 0 0 −7813 −15625 0 0 0 0 7813 −15625
0 0 0 0 15625 20833 0 0 0 0 −15625 41667
0 0
60 0
80 0
0 a4
130
a5
−40 a
f = a = 6
0
0 0
0
0
0 0
30 0
0
−26.667 0
851851.85 0 27777.78 0 0
kred = 0 676793.98 8680.56 fred = 130 = 0
rred
27777.78 8680.56 125000 −40 0
a4 851851.85 27777.78 a4 0 0
0
kred a5 rred − fred → 0 676793.98 8680.56 a5 0 − 130
a
27777.78 125000 a6 0 −40
6 8680.56
a4 −1.096 10− 5
−1
5
a = kred ( r red − f red) = −
−1.964 10 4
a −4
6 3.361 10
Elemento 1.-
−333333.33 0
333333.33 0 0 0 0 0
−2314.81 6944.44
0
60
0 2314.81 6944.44 0
0
−6944.44 13888.89 1
K1 = 0 6944.44 27777.78 0
a = − 5 f = 80
1
−333333.33 0 −1.096 10 0
0 333333.33 0 0
0 −2314.81 −6944.44 0 2314.81 −6944.44 −
−1.964 10 4 60
−6944.44 27777.78
0 6944.44 13888.89 0 −4
3.361 10 −80
3.653
62.788
q = K a + f =
1 1 1 1 86.032
−3.653
57.212
−69.301
Elemento 2.-
−1.096 10− 5
500000 0 0 −500000 0 0 0
0 − 70
15625 −1.964 10 4
7812.5 15625 0 −7812.5
K2 = 0 15625 41666.67 0 −15625 20833.33 a 2 = 3.361 10− 4 f 2 = 40
−500000 0 0 500000 0 0 0
0
0
30
−7812.5 −15625 0 7812.5 −15625
0
0 −15625 41666.67 −26.667
15625 20833.33 0 0
−5.479
73.717
q = K a + f =
2 2 2 2 50.934
5.479
26.283
−22.734
Elemento 3.-
−1.096 10− 5
0 9.132
0 −130.928
−1.964 10− 4
a 3 = 3.361 10− 4 f 3 = 0 q3 = K3 a 3 + f 3 = 18.366
0 −9.132
0 0 130.928
0
0 9.031
0
Resumiendo:
3.7 −5.5 9.1
62.8 73.7 −130.9
q =
1 86 q =
2 50.9 q =
3 18.4
−3.7 5.5 −9.1
57.2 26.3 130.9
−69.3 −22.7 9
Diagrama de momentos, "M"
Cortantes, "Q"
Normales, "N"