'.?

--~. .,/ '

L-3/T-2/CE Date: 31/12/2012

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
I

L-3/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2010-2011

Sub: CE 343 (Geotechnical Engineering II)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks;
Assume reasonable values of any data, if missing.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer Q. No.1 and any TWO from the rest.
Q.No. 1 is Compulsory.

1. (COMPULSORY QUESTION). Answer any seven of the following nine short questions.
Answer should be brief and to the point. Preferably all the answers should be given in

sequential order. (7x5 35)

(a) What is negative skin friction? What are the remedial measures for skin friction?
(b) What is the purpose of conducting load test for piling works?
(c) What are the information obtained from a subsoil investigation?
(d) How would you classify soil sample and soil samplers?
(e) Show in aTable the classification of piles considering various criteria.
(f) A pile group consisting of four piles is in a square pattern with equal spacing in both
directions. Find the centre to centre spacing in tenus of the diameter of the piles, if
efficiency of the grpup is 75% as per Converse-Labarre formula.
(g) What are the contents of a good subsoil investigation report?
(h) What are the terms and limiting 'values used to describe the percentage of gravel, sand

and fines ina soil sample?

(i) The inner diameter of a sampling tube and that of a cutting edge are 70 nun and 68
mm respectively; their outer diameter are 72 mm and 74 mm respectively. Determine the
area ratio and inside clearance ratio.

2. (a) Describe briefly the principal considerations of a subsoil investigation Programme. (13)
(b) A 400 mm diameter xIS m long precast concrete pile is driven in the soil stratigraphy

shown in Fig. 1. (22)

.~I'.'.:: ~.~Lr.t!1
~~.
.f~_~fL,~"!!,,,:1 .
.ti..:: I - 0 9' ~
. ~'_ ...

C-(A =: 40 p.;1M 'V

................
__:..: ~~.~:~.-.,i_:.~
_.:~.~:_~,.:::.,-.,
..:_~.:~:t::.~':':/1.::.,F/~'.~.
c/.. :: CJ-1
,_.~,~, ., "." .~,.eJAS _.

CIA:: 4,f /t-N/M }-

_~-~~T-ii~;ljj~~::::- f)i2":!
::f:~(~{I' 0<. ;. (). ~
 ..•.

., =2=
CE343
Contd ... Q. No. 2(b)

All soil layers are clay. The properties of each clay layer are shown in Fig. 1. The
effective angle of internal friction of all clay layers is 25°. The compressive strength of
the concrete used to manufacture the pile is 35 MPa. Calculate the skin friction capacities
of the pile using a-method, p-method and A-method.
Layer 1 and 2: Normally consolidated, Use k = 1 - sin~

Layer 3: Over consolidated with OCR = 2, Use k = (1 - sil1~).JOCR

AssumeA = 0.21 for an embedment length of 15 m.

3. (a) Describe wit~ a neat 'sketch the wash boring method of soil exploration. What are its
merits and demerits? . (13)
(b) Estimate the allowable load bearing capacity of a precast concrete driven,pile 500 rnm
x 500 mm in section and 17 m long in a stratified soil '~.ith the following data using
Meyerhofs method based on SPT value. (22)
Layer No. Depth (m) Soil Type N-value'
1 0-5 Fill clay 4
2 5 -15 Sand 20
3 15 - 25 . Sand 25

Use a global factor of safety of 3.0. If the settlement of single pile is estimated as 15 rnm,
what would be the settlement of a group of the above pile consisting of 9 piles in a square
pattern with a c/c spacing of 1.5 m?

4. (a) Explain the "Conventional method" and "Meyerhofs effective width concept" for an
eccentrically loaded footing. Draw and explain typical soil pressure - settlement curves
for footings of different widths on surface of a homogeneous sand deposit. (13)
(b) Determine the allowable load on the footing resting on a clay deposit. (22)
Footing size: 2.0 x 3.0 m
Depth affooting: 2m
Thickness of footing: 0.5 m
Unit weight of soil: 18 kN/m3

qu of soil: 120 kN/m2

Water table: 3.0 m level

Given the following chart:

DtiB 0.5' 1.0 .1 ~3~O~1 4.0 I

_N_c _(s_tr_ip_)~_6_.0~_6_
.. _Sl~I_~ 7.4, 7.5. i

Contd P 13
 •
•.
'J
=3=
'/

j/
.I'

r
g~343
SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. Using design charts of Fig. 2, determine (35)

(i) Allowable load on a wall footing 2 ft wide resting at 5 ft depth.,
(ii) Allowable load on a 10 ft by 10 ft square footing resting at 7.5 ft depth. Calculate
factor of safety against bearing capacity failure.

Given:
Corrected SPT value for the given site.
Depth 2.5' 5.0' 7.5' 10.0' \ 12:5' I 15.0' 20.0' 25.0'

Neorr 20 22 '21 22 J 23 I
I
25 25 27

Unit weight of soil is 120 pcf

Ground water table' at 10ft below ground level
Thickness of2 ft wide footing == 12"
thickness of square footing = 30"

6. (a) Calculate the settlement of footing resting on a deep deposit of Clay at 8 ftbelow

ground level. (23)

Given: Footing size: 10' x 12'
k
Dead load: 150
, k
Live load: 100
Average unit weight of soil = 125 pcf
Cc = 0.16 Cr = 0.03
eo = 0.85 crv max = 6 ksf
Water table is at 20 ft below ground leveL
(b) A raft 100 x 120 ft in plan has its base 16 ft below surface of a clay depo~it with unit
weight of 120 pcf. The unconfined compressive strength of the clay is 0.8 tsf. The factor
of safety against bearing capacity failure is 3. What total weight of building plus
foundation can safely be supported on the raft? Use Nc value from Q. No. 4(b). (12)

7. (a) A pile group consists of 20 piles spaced at 5 ftcentre to centre. The pile group is
subjected to vertical load of 1200 kip at centre and a moment 1000 kip-ft and 600 kip-ft
. in long and short direction, respectively. Draw necessary sketches and calculate load on

piles at four comers. (20)

(b) Calculate the factor of safety of slip circle shown in Fig. 3. The figure is drawn to
scale. Attach the figure with answer script. (15)

8. (a) Draw and explain typical shore protection systems for excavation of 20 ft deep and

100 x 120 ft in plan. (12)

(b) Calculate the factor of safety for slice 1 and 2 shown in Fig. 4. The figure is drawn to

scale. Attach the figure with answer script. (23)

----------------------------------------

p/4-
 ~ ~
••• " _'•• , •••••••• _ .h ••• "~." •••• ,-•••••••••••• ,,' ••• _,"'~ •••• , •••• ,',' ••••••••. - '--'.' •• '

_.- _._" , _.' , .__ --,.', •....... _ '

DdB =0.25
6
N=50
N=50

5 H=40

N=30

N=20

N=15

N=5

2 3
2 3 4

FIG.- 2 DESIGN CHART FOR PROPORTIONING FOOTINGS ON' SAND

 '~~/:'--~':~:
.

• _L=
--...j

•••

22' I

i
"
f,.'!
~I

I b
('I')

Area of ABeD =1800 sft

unit wt. of soil =120 pcf '
cohesion of soil =1000 psf
tension crack filled with water

.' FIG.-J (rw &- NO-f(6)) . ,

( it --h 'b- ~~ w,'/tvtt;;f?<~.;Ic7iJ

/
A

~
, unitwt,ofsoil =120 pcf
cohesion of soil =409 psf
angle of internal friction =25 degree ,

, ' ". FIG.- 4 lfw a-M;, f-LA)) ,

(u to .6-....- <i::I:C~ .~ zt:;; ~gy- ;,/c.i'j
L-4/T -liCE D.ate : 05/0112014
BANGLADESH ,.UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND. TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-4/T-l B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2012-2013

Sub: CE 441 (Foundation Engineering)

Full Marks : 210 Time: 3 Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks .
. USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
..~._._k' __ ._ .. " """'_"'_""""""
..-.- ---- ..
-- ", -.-

SECTION-A
There are SEVEN questions in this section. Answer Q. NO.1 and any FIVE fro the rest.
QUESTION NO.1 is COMPULSORY.

1. COMPULSOERY QUESTION: Answer any SEVEN of the TEN short questions

furnished below. Ans~er should be brief and to the point. (7x5 35)
(a) What information are required to be obtained from a subsurface investigation?
What are the uses of these information?
(b) De~cribe briefly the main considerations in carrying out a subsurface investigation

programme.
(c) List the common types of boring that are usually used in direct method of subsoil
exploration. State the salient features ofthese methods each in three sentences. . l.I'Y) lQ.,( .

(d) Classify soil samples and define each of them. How would classify So€mPI~ Y .~
(e) How do the soil samples get disturbed? How the "during sampling" disturbance of
soil is estimated?
(f) What are the functions of pile foundation? Give a classification chart for pile
based on various criteria.
(g) Describe briefly the construction methodology for a bored pile having a diameter
of 1000 mm and length of 25 m, to be constructed in Dhaka city. Write a short
specification for the concrete to be used in this construction.
(h) Briefly describe thg&thOd of estimating skin friction ofapile.
(i) What is negative skin friction? What are the remedial measures for reducing
negative skin friction in pile foundation?
(j) Show in a neat sketch the various elements of pile head assembly for safe driving
ofa pile.

2. A 3 x 4 pile. group consists of 12 piles of 300 mm diameter and 15 m length, spaced at

900 mm centre to centre. The top 6.0 m consists of soft clay with Cu = 30 kPa, followed

by 6.0 m of medium shift clay with Cu = 65 kPa, which is underlain by stiff clay with.

Cu = 90 kPa. Estimate the allowable load carrying capacity of the pile group. Assume a

global factor of safety of 2.50, and reasonable values of any other data if required. (14)

Contd P12
 =2=
CE 441

3. A pile group consists of 20 piles 400 mm square at a spacing of 1200 mm centre to

centre. Draw a plan showing the arrangements of the piles. Computer the minimum and
maximum pile reactions for the following data: (14)
Total vertical load = 2000 kN
Load Eccentricity in Long Direction, ey = 600 mm
Load Eccentricity in Short Direction, ex = 400 mm

4. A 350 mm x 350 mm square pile is driven into a sand profile to a depth of 15 m. The
underlying soil is clay. The SPT results are shown in the following Table. Estimate the
allowable load carrying capacity of the pile. (14)
Depth (m) 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0 16.5
N-Value 22 18 25 20 22 23 25 27 28 30 15
..,

5. The blow counts for an SPT test at a depth of 6 m in fine sand at every 150 mm are 8, 12
and 15. A donut hammer and a standard split spoon sampler were used in a borehole of
150 mm diameter. Estimate the corrected N-value. The water table is at a depth of 2.0 m
3
from ground surface. The unit weight of above water table soil is 16.5 kN/m , whereas,
3
below water table the saturated unit weight is 18 kN/m • Given that rod length correction

factor, Cr = 0.95, sampler correction factor, Cs = 1.0, Borehole diameter correction factor,
CB = 1.05, Donut hammer efficiency, E = 45%. Assume reasonable values of any other

data, if required. (14)

6. The soil profile at a site consists of 10 m of sand with ~' = 320 and y= 18.0 kN/m3,
followed by a thick deposit of stiff clay layer with Cu = 120 kN/m2• The water table lies 3
m below the ground level. It is required to design a driven pile foundation to carry a load
of 350kN. Propose a reasonable design. (14)

7. Calculate the factor of safety of slice 5 as shown in Fig. 1, using conventional method of
•. "
slices. Assume uniform soil condition and water table at great depth. (14)
o

3 LeOO': 15"
Unit weight of soil: 17 kNlm ;
Average height of slice 5 : 6.1 m
Cohesion of soil: 30 kNlm';
Average width of slice 5 = 1.5 m
Contd P/3
Angle of internal friction, t/J=lSo;
Base length (width) of slice 5 : 1.6 m
Radius of slip circle: 20 m;

Fig. 1 Slip Circle for Method ~f Slices {for Que£tion No. 7~

""l;.•.•
r
\.
(~.
 ,.

=3=

CE 441

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE;
/

8. (a) Draw a cross- section through long footing on clay, ~howing the basis for computation

of ultimate bearing capacity. (8)

(b) A footing is placed at 8 ft below the surrounding ground level. (20)
Given c = 2000 psf, r = 125 pcf, ground water level below 40 ft. level.

(i) Calculate the net ultimate bearing capacity for a footing 10' xIS'.
(ii) Calculate the net ultimate bearing capacity for a 6 ft wide footing.

(c) Discuss the effect of ground water level for a foundation resting on clay and sand. (7)

9. A raft foundation 100 ft x 120 ft is placed at 20. ft below surrounding ground level in a

deep deposit of clay. (35)

Given: qu = 3000 psf, r = 125 pcf, G.W.L. = - 30 ft for ground level, Cc = 0.12, Cr =

0.03, past maximum overburden pressure = 10,000 psf.

I.
(i) Draw a neat sketch of the stated condition.
(ii) Calculate the maximum load that can be supported by the raft with F.S = 3.
(iii) Calculate the settlement of the raft at c~ntre and at comer if the gross contact
pressure is 4000 psf.

10. (a) Describe dewatering system for construction of foundation in sand. (10)
(b) Discuss the advantages of raft foundation in soft soils. (10)
(c) A footing 12 ft square and 30" thick is supported by sand with an average N value of
30 blows/ft corrected for i~flu~nce of overburden pressure. The surface of the ground is
6 ft above the top of footing and the water table is 8 ft below the ground surface.
Compute the maximum load that can be supported by the footing if the settlement must

not exceed 0.5 inch. (15)

11. (a) Describe the conventional method and effective width concept for an eccentrically

loaded footing. (9)

(b) Describe the Quality Control tests for bored piles. (9)
(c) What are the objectives of pile load test? (8)
(d) Discuss "Engineering News formula" for determining the capacity of a driven pile. (9)
 !.;.,.

~ / ----
----
/ ;....

6 /'
V
/

5
/
,
"
4
o 1 2 3 4 5
••. Df 1 B

Bearing Capacity Factor Nc

For Strip footing on clay

(a) 0f/8 = 1. (b) 0f/8 = 0.5 (c) 0f/8 = 0.25

6 --- ------~- ---- 6 6 -- - - ---
N=50 N=50
5 5 5
os:: N=40
f4 - 4 4
oS N=30
m 3--
U)
3
~
Q. N=20
~2 2 2
N=15
,
N=10
1 --_._-- 1 1
N=5

2 3 4 2 3 4 5

Design chart for proportioning shallow footings 'on sand

 ~6
- :::.

0.25
0.24 Im~w .-,.,
, 1' 3.U
.~ , 2.5 ~
' ~"K'X .....
2.0
.-
.~.
4\.~ ....
b q pet .unit. area ..1 10"
0.22 .zI - ,
! -'
fO-~ 1.6 '1.4 I:
II ",,-
p ~°z 12 :,:['
0.20
""'1- V I
,I, ' .:',:
,:
;
Z '/ ~ n» ,.:
.'.
0.18
.'
"// •••••••• I
O• ..
"

' ....
'// 0.7 , '.,>
;
0.16 '//
WI,f/
/ --
I D.,
1
i lo'o 0.14 "~
'S .
~ 0..
m~ nare >..
~
>
0.12 interehang~Je V
i

! 0.10
fj
J 'J ,/ -
"
"BK~ I,

I;
..

"1:
0.3
f 0.08 ")
I
j
l II
~ t
,
.:.:'

"
.
...•. :

I ~,

I
I
' 0.06 If. r) I II 0.2
~ '} I.io'"
! .... rJ ~
..
0.04 ') j',' I •• ; ." ..

V/ ~I
m=O.l
0.02 •... w I; .~ ~~ """,. ' .

....• ~~ .

:iiiifi'V~-
'
.
O.s' ~ io"'"
........
0.00 . ..
m=O.O
0.01 2 46 8 0.1 2 4 6 81.0 2 . 4 8 10
: Values ofn = J/z .
. ..'. Graph for determining influence value for vertical normal stress CT at' ,
z
point P located beneath one camerof auniformely loaded rectangular area. ..
(After Fadum)
/
L-4/T-lICE Date: 09/08/2015
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-4rr-l B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2013-2014

Sub: CE 441 (Foundation Engineering).

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

I. Calculate the factor of safety and settlement at comer and at centre for the Raft
Foundation. Given: (35)
Foundation: raft size 80'xI20', Dr= 20' .
Soil: Upto 40 ft from ground level pre-loaded clay, y = 120 pcf, qo = I ksf, C, = 0.05,
C, = 0.20, past maximum overburden pressure 5 ksf.
Load: gross contact pressure 3 ksf. Ground water table at 3D ft depth. Below 40 ft very
dense sand. Divide the clay soil into two layers for settlement calculation and draw neat
sketches for the stated condition.

2. (a) Draw and discuss soil pressure vs. settlement curve for a narrow, intermediate and
wide footing resting on sand. (8)
(b) Draw and discuss soil pressure vs. footing width curve for a footing resting on sand. (8)
(c) Describe a method to calculate the capacity of a raft foundation resting on sand at 20ft
depth. Water table at 30 ft depth. (11)
(d) Describe quality control tests on a bored pile. (8)

3. (a) Calculate the allowable capacity for a driven pile and drilled pier with factor of safety
2.5. Assume unit wI. of soil 125 pcf. Water table at 20 ft depth. (30)
Given:
Soil: 0'- 20 ft sand, N = 10, tan8 = 0.3, k = 1.0
20' - 80 ft sand, N = 30, tan8 = 0.5, k = 2.0, Nq = 80.
Pile: Cross-section 15"x 15"
Length 40ft.
Top level at 5ft depth from EGL.
Critical depth 20 ft.
Drilled Pier: Cross-section 30" diameter
Length 40 ft.
Top level at 5 ft depth from EGL.
Use AASHTO method.
(b) Describe the concreting procedure for a bored pile. (5)
Contd P/2
 =2=
CE 441

4. (a) Calculate pressure at four comers and at centre for an eccentrically loaded footing
using Conventional Method and Meyerhofs Effectiv~ Width Method. (20)
Given:
Footing size 12' x 16'
Vertical load 200 kip
Eccentricity in long direction 2 ft.
Eccentricity in short direction I ft.
Draw neat sketches for the stated conditions.
(b) Calculate load on four comer piles for an eccentrically loaded pile foundation. (10)
Given:
Pile group - 12 nos @ 5 ft
Vertical load 1000 K
Eccentricity in long direction 3 ft.
Eccentricity in short direction 2 ft.
Draw neat sketches for stated conditions.
(c) Discuss Engineering News formula for estimating the capacity of a pile from driving
records. (5)

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) Discuss the considerations required for deciding upon the number, depth and layout of
exploratory borings for sub-soil investigation. (8)
(b) Differentiate between 'disturbed' and 'undisturbed' soil samples and state their uses. (7)
(c) State the causes of variation of SPT-N values obtained by different drillers or
equipments. (8)
(d) For an infinite slope ofa c-4' soil that makes an angle P with the horizontal, show that
the depth of the plane along which critical equilibrium occurs is given by:
c I
H" ="1' Cos',B(tan,B-tanq»
y = unit weight of soil.

6. (a) An excavation is made in a saturated clay deposit for which Cu = 20 kN/m2 and y,,,=
17 kN/m'- The cut slope makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal. Assuming undrained
condition and using the charts (Fig. 3 & Fig. 4) given by Fellenious (10)
(i) Determine the critical height of excavation
(ii) Comment on the nature of the critical circle
(iii) Determine the horizontal distance between the toe (at critical height) and the point of
intersection of the critical circle with the ground surface.
Contd ..... :.... P/3
 =3=

CE 441

(b) Mention the advantages and limitations of CPT and SPT. (8)
(c) What should be the contents ofa good soil exploration report? - Discuss (9)
(d) Compare 'wash boring' and 'percussion drilling' methods. (8)

7. (a) For a given slope: y = 105 pcf, '1'= 200, c = 400 psf, r" = 0.4 and P= 20°. Determine
the factor of safety using Spencer's solution.
, '.
Charts for Spencer's method are . given in

Fig. 5. (12)
(b) What is the basic diff~rence between Bishop's simplified method of slices and

Spencer's solution for analysis of slope stability. (5)

(c) Explain 'area ratio' and 'inside clearance ratio' that are used to indicate the degree of

sampling disturbance of tube samples. (6)

(d) Write down Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Equation 'for net ultimate bearing capacity

for c - 'I' soil. Discuss all the terms of the equation. (12)

8. Calculate the allowable capacity of the foundation with factor of safety 2.5. Calculate the

settlement of the footing if the load on footing is 250 kip. (35)

Given:
Footing size: 8'x 10', t =)0", Df= 8 ft.
Soil: Average unconfined compressive strength of deep deposit of clay = 2 ksf

Y~125 pcf, C, = 0.15, C, ~ 0.04, <r,m" =8000 psf

Water table at 10ft depth
Draw necessary sketches.
 /

,
~;, 0.2 5 ,
, 0.2 4
./ I , " ,3U ,',
"

2.0~ .'.~.
:~,.~;
, 0.22 f~ '-b~ q per UIlU area X •8
1-6
••• '1.4 i:/
~ Oz' ., . " •••• 12
:;~f
;1,
...
~.,
0.20 'i-:.,:::
1. ,". ~,
Z 'fJ7 f:
0.18
. '// .,
;~-::;

77 U.7 ,,(.
0.16 /' 'e:
i/ " "
'..-."
- 0.14
,
/ ,~ ~
'0
II
~.
>
0.12
m&nare
interehangeable / -- .5
or.
,

...
....
':-

{~:,>
I 0.10 V IT ,:~(.
:. ~_.

i
; '.:;
0.3 ','
...
0.08 '/
! . .,
.;
. ".

I
i
I
0.06

0.04
'j
, ..
..•.
. 0.2
,"

,. .,
,.
';

iI 17.1
!
maO.l ','

.J.W .'
0.02 - ~, '", ~;-
l.--
0.00
..-..I
~
~ m:. 0.0 ::..
0.01 '2 4 680.1 2 "4 6 81.0 2' 4 8.10,--
Val••• of n = f/z '
F(J ~.J.; G;aph for determining ;nfl~ence value' for vertical normal stress 'a, at' .,' " .
point P located beneath one comer of a uniformely loaded rectangular area. .
(After Fadum)

~
.---
V
6
V !

/'

5
1/
4
o 2 3 4 5
DriB
hj .2- BearingCapacityFactor Nc
For Strip footingon clay
 I

0'3e-
--
I
'V . Forp<S3°:
Toccircle ---
~ Midpointcircle _._.-
. •.••••••....
__ -ji"S)O
___., ... : Slope circle ••.• ----. .
D~"
--.....
-~~:;:::......
- .. ~~~~,
- ~:.
ECn~--"""''''--''_._.
.
'\

~iJ7+
80
(a)

70 60 50 40
••••~ ••~.~~

(b)

30 20
IJt:1.2'~"
1.5 2.0

10
_ 4.0

o
Slope",gle. p (dtg)

Fig. PI Chari for stability number against slope angles for different values of
depth factor D for slope stability analysis using Fellenious method.

80

70

40

60 80

Fig. 4 Location oflhe cenler of critical circles for b>53°

-
L-4/T-1/CE Date: 31/07/2016
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-4/T-l B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub: CE 441 (Foundation Engineering)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are EIGHT questions in this section. Answer any SIX.
Further data required may be reasonably assumed. If doubt exists as to interpretation of any
question, the candidate is urged to make a clear statement of any assumption(s) made.

1. A four story reinforced concrete frame office building will be built on a site where the
soils are expected to be of average quality and uniformly. The building will have a
30 m x 40 m footprint and expected to be supported on spread footing foundation located
about 3 m below the ground surface. The site appears to be in its natural condition, with
no evidence of previous grading. Bedrock is 30 m below the ground surface. Determine
the required number, location and depth of the borings. (17.5)

2. A Standard Penetration Test has been conducted in a loose coarse sand stratum to a depth
of 5 m below the ground surface. The blow counts in the field were as follows: (17.5)
0- 150 mm 4 blows
150 mm - 300 mm 6 blows
300 mm - 450 mm 8 blows

The test was conducted using a donut hammer in a 150 mm diameter borehole with a
standard sampler and liner. The effective unit weight of the sand stratum is about
3
16 kN/m . Determine and designate the corrected SPT if the testing procedure is assumed
to only be 60% efficient. Given that CB = 1.05, Cs = 1.00 and CR = 0.85.

3. At a site the soil profile was as follows with water table at ground surface. Design a group
of driven pile that has to carry a column load of 4000 kN with a factor of safety of 2.5. (17.5)
0-10 m depth: SAND with ~' = 33°, Y = 18 kN/m3, Ks tanb = 1.20, Nq = 25
10 m - 25 m depth: CLAY with Cu = 40kN/m2, y = 16 kN/m3

25 m - 40 m depth: SAND with ~' = 40°, Y = 19 kN/m3, Ks tanb = 2.00, Nq = 140

4. In a two layer cohesive soil bored piles of 450 mm are to be installed. The top layer has a
thickness of 6 m and the bottom one is of considerable depth. The shear strength of the
2 2
top clay layer is 45 kN/m and that of the bottom is 100 kN/m . Determine the length of
the bored pile required to carry a safe compressive load of 400 kN and uplift load of
200 kN, allowing a factor of safety of 3.0 in both the cases. (17.5)
Contd P/2

'-.1.,
 =2=
CE 441

5. A pile load test is done on a 300 mm diameter concrete pile with a length of 15 m and the
following data are obtained. (17.5)
Load inkN Settlement in mm
0 0
300 1.25
600 3.75
900 7.50
1200 13.75
1500 23.75
1800 .
36.75

Determine the allowable load on the pile using Davisson's method and a factor of safety
of 2.0. Given that s = 0.012 Br + 0.1 B/Br + PL/AE. Assume modulus of elasticity of
concrete as 21500 MPa.

6. A building is to be supported on a reinforced concrete raft covering an area of 14 m x 21 m.

2
The subsoil is clay with an unconfined compressive strength of 80 kN/m , the pressure on
2
the soil due to weight of the building and loads it will carry, will be 120 kN/m , at the
3
base of the raft. lfthe unit weight ofthe excavated soil is 15 kN/m , at what depth should

the bottom of the raft be placed to provide a factor of safety of3.07 (17.5)

7. A 6 m thick layer of medium dense sand overlies a dense sand layer. Series of SPTwere
undertaken and the top sand layer showed an average N value of 21. From the tests on
dense sand layer, the average N value has been found as 42. A round pile of 250 mm
diameter is to be driven down to 4 m in dense layer to have adequate end bearing. Taking
a factor of safety of 4, determine the allowable load that the pile can carry. (17.5)

8. Write short notes on the following using neat sketches where required. (17.5)
(a) Wash boring
(b) Negative Skin friction
(c) Sample disturbance.

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

9. (a) Draw a section of circular failure surface for an embankment and write the formula of
factor of safety according to Fellenious method for c-<j>
soil. (10)
(b) Following data are given for a Telecom Tower pile foundation with the column at
centre". (15)
eontd P/3
'-

=3=

CE 441
Contd ... Q. No. 9(b)

Pile group consists of20 piles spacing @ of 4 ft c/c.

Pile cap thickness is 5 ft and extends 2 ft from the centre of edge piles.
Ground level is 2 ft above the pile cap top.
k
The vertical load is 2000 downward.

The horizontal load in long direction is SOOk

k
The horizontal load in short direction is 600

The load acts at centre of foundation and at 5 ft above the pile cap top.
Draw a plan and a section of the foundation and calculate the maximum and minimum
reaction on the piles.

(c) Briefly discuss the tests performance for Quality Control of drilled piers. (10)

10. Calculate the factor of safety and settlement for a shallow footing resting on clay. (35)
Given:
Footing size 10' x 15', footing thickness 3 ft, depth of footing 7 ft from surrounding
ground level.
Unconfined compressive strength of soil is 3 ksf upto a great depth, unit weight is

125 pcf, eo = 0.7, Cc = 0.12, Cr = 0.03, past maximum overburden pressure = 6000

psf, water table is 20 ft from ground level.

DriB 0 1.0 2.0 3 4.0

Nc 5.14 6.0 6.6 7.0 7.5

11. Calculate the Factor of Safety and Settlement of a raft foundation for following

conditions. (35)
Size of raft foundation is 100' x 120'.
Depth of the foundation is 20 ft below ground level.
Gross contact pressure is 4 ksf.
Clay soil exists from ground level to depth 40 ft and below 40 ft dense sand exists.
Water table is 20 ft below ground level.
Unit weight of soil is 125 psf.
Unconfined compression strength is 4 ksf.

eo = O.S, Cc = 0.15, Cr = 0.04

Past maximum overburden pressure = 7000 psf.

Contd P/4
 =4=

CE 441

12. (a) Explain the methods for calculating pressure under an eccentrically loaded footing

using conventional method and Meyerhof's Effective width concept. (10)

(b) What are the objectives of pile load test? (5)
(c) Write short notes: (20)
(i) Fully compensated foundation.
(ii) Engineering News Formula.
(iii) Concreting of Bored piles.
(iv) Lifting stresses of a driven pile.
(v) Dewatering in sandy soil.
 64 Foundation Design and Construction

!I Tahle 2.10 Influence values (lu) for vertical normal stress CTz at point N beneath comer of a uniformly loaded rectangular area

! ' Biz LIz

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
~
Ii 0.1
0.2
0.00470
0.()Q917
0.00917
0.01790
0.01323
0.02585
0.01678
0.03280
0.01978
0.03866
0.02223
0.04348
0.02420
0.04735
0.02576
0.05042
0.02698
0.05283
0.02794
0.05471
0.02926
0.05733
0.03007
0.05894
0.03058
0.05994
0.03090
0.06058
0.3 0.01323 0.02585 0.03735 0.04742 0.05593 0.06294 0.06858 0.07308 0.07661 0.07938 0.08323 0.08561 0.08709 0.08804
0.4 0.01678 0.03280 0.04742 0.06024 0.07111 0.08009 0.08734 0.09314 0.09770 0.10129 0.10631 0.10941 0.1l135 0.1l260
0.5 0.01978 0.Q3866 0.05593 0.071 11 0.08403 0.09473 0.10340 0.110)5 0.11584 0.12018 0.12626 0.13003 0.13241 0.13395
0.6 0.02223 0.04348 0.06294 0.08009 0.09473 0.10688 0.11679 0.12474 0.13105 0.13605 0.14309 0.14749 0.15028 0.15207
0.7 0.02420 0.04735 0.06858 0.08734 0.10340 0.11679 0.12772 0.13653 0.14356 0.14914 0.15703 0.16199 0.16515 0.16720
( 0.8 0.02576 0.05042 0.07308 0.09314 0.110 35 0.12474 0.13653 0.14607 0.15371 0.15978 0.16843 0.17389 0.17739 0.17967
0.9 0.02698 0.05283 0.07661 0.09770 0.11584 0.13105 0.14356 0.15371 0.16185 '0,16835 Q.ID66 0.18351 0.18737 0.18986

. 1.0
1.2
0.02794
0.02926
0.05471
0.05733
0.07938
0.08323
0.10129
0.10631
0.12018
0.12626
0.13605
0.14309
0.14914
0.15703
0.15978
0.16843
0.16835
0.17766
0.l75n
0.18508
0.18508
0.19584
0.19139
0.20278
0.19546
0.20731
0.19814
0.21032
1 1.4
1.6
0.03007
0.03058
0.05894
0.05994
0.0856J
0.08709
0.10941
0.11135
0.13003
0.13241
0.14749
0.15028
0.16199
0.16515
0.17389
0.177 39
0.18357
0.18737
0.19139
0.19546
0.20278
0.20731
0.21020
0.21510
0.21510
0.22025
0.21836
0.22372
1.8 0.03090 0.06058 0.08804 0.11260 0.1:\395 0.15207 0.16720 0.17967 0.18986 0.19814 0.21032 0.21836 0.22372 0.22736
2.0 0.031 II 0.06100 0.08867 0.11342 0.13496 0.15326 0.16856 0.18119 0.19152 0.19994 0.21235 0.22058 0.22610 0.22986
2.5 0.03138 0.06155 0.08948 0.11450 0.13628 0.15483 0.17036 0.18321 0.19375 0.20236 0.21512 0.22364 0.22940 0.23334
3.D 0.03150 0.06178 0.08982 0.11495 0.13684 0.15550 0.17113 0.18407 0.19470 0.20341 0.21633 0.22499 0.23088 0.23495
4.0 0.03158 0.06194 0.09007 0.11527 0.13724 0.15598 0.17168 0.18469 0.19540 0.20417 0.21722 0.22600 0.23200 0.23688
5.0 0.03160 0.06199 0.09014 0.11537 0.13737 0.15612 0.17185 0.18488 0.19561 0.20440 0.21749 0.22632 0.23236 0.23735
6.0 0.03161 0.06201 0.09017 0.11541 0.13741 0.15617 0.17191 0.18496 0.19569 0.20449 0.21760 0.22644 0.23249 0.23671
8.0 0.03162 0.06202 0.09018 0.11543 0.13744 0.15621 0.17195 0.18500 0.19574 0.20455 0.21767 0.22652 0.23258 0.23681
10.0 0.D3162 0.06202 0.09019 0.11544 0.JJ745 0.15622 0.17196 0.18502 0.19576 0.20457 0.21769 0.22654 0.23261 0.23684
00 0.03162 0.06202 0.09019 0.11544 0.13745 0.15623 0.17197 0.18502 0.19577 0.20458 0.21770 0.22656 0.23263 0.23686

BIz LIz

2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 00

0.1 0.03111 0.03138 0.Q3150 0.03158 0.03160 0.03161 0.03162 0.03162 0.03162
0.2 0.06100 0.06155 0.06178 0.06194 0.06199 0.06201 0.06202 0.06202 0.06202
0.3 0.08867 0.08948 0.08982 0.09007 0.09014 0.09017 0.09018 0.09019 0.09019
0.4 0.11:\42 0.11450 0.11495 0.11527 0.11537 0.11541 0.11543 0.11544 0.11544
0.5 0.13496 0.13628 0.13684 0.13724 0.13737 0.13741 0.13744 0.13745 0.13745
0.6 0.15326 0.15483 0.15550 0.15598 0.15612 0.15617 0.15621 0.15622 0.15623
0.7 0.16856 0.17036 0.17113 0.17168 0.17185 0.17191 0.17195 0.17196 0.17197
0.8 0.18119 0.18321 0.18407 0.18469 0.18488 0.18496 0.18500 0.18502 0.18502 (F, : q X /6'
0.9 0.19152 0.19375 0.19470 0.19540 0.19561 0.19569 0.19574 0.19576 0.19576
1.0 0.19994 0.20236 0.20341 0.20417 0.20440 0.20449 0.20455 0.20457 0.20458
1.2 0.21235 0.21512 0.21633 0.21722 0.21749 0.21760 0.21767 0.21769 0.21770
1.4 0.22058 0.22364 0.22499 0.22600 0.22632 0.22644 0.22652 0.22654 0.22656
1.6 0.22610 0.22940 0.23088 0.23200 0.23236 0.23249 0.23258 0.23261 0.23263
1.8 0.22986 0.23334 0.23495 0.23698 0.23935 0.23671 0.23681 0.23684 0.23686
2.0 0.23247 0.23614 0.23782 0.23912 0.23954 0.23970 0.23981 0.23985 0.23987
2.5 0.23614 0.24010 0.24196 0.24344 0.24392 0.24412 0.24425 0.24429 0.24432
3.0 0.23782 0.24196 0.24394 0.24554 0.24608 0:24630 0.24646 0.24650 0.24654
4.0 0.23912 0.24344 0.24554 0.24729 0.24791 0.24817 0.24836 0.24842 0.24846
5.0 0.23954 0.24392 0.24608 0.24791 0.24857 0.24885 0.24907 0.24914 0.24919
6.0 0.23970 0.24412 0.24630 0.24817 0.24885 0.24916 0.24939 0.24946 0.24952
8.0 0.23981 0.24425 0.24646 0.24836 0.24907 0.24939 0.24964 0.24973 0.24980
10.0 0.23985 0.244 29 0.24650 0.24842 0.24914 0.24946 0.24973 0.24981 0.24989
00 0.23987 0.24432 0.24654 0.24846 0.24919 0.24952 0.24980 0.24989 0.25000
~,

L-4/T-1ICE Date: 30/0112017

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-4/T-l B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2015-2016

Sub: CE 441 (Foundation Engineering)

Full Marks: 210 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Use design Table-l and Chart-I, as and when necessary.
Assume any reasonable value of missing data, if any.

1. (a) Calculate the axial compressive capacity of the drilled pier using AASHTO Method
and draw necessary sketches. (25)
Given: Diameter of the driller pier = 30 inch., Length of the drilled pier = 60 ft.
Top of the drilled pier = 5 ft. below ground level, Water Table: 10 ft. below EGL,
Unit wt. of soil: 120 pcf;
SPT Values are:
Depth 5 ft. 10 ft. 15 ft. 20 ft. 25 ft. 30 ft. 40 ft. 50 ft. 60 ft. 65 ft. 70 ft.
N 10 10 10 20 20 20 35 35 35 35 35

(b) Write down the properties of underwater concrete. Discuss briefly underwater
concreting methodology for a drilled pier. (10)

2. (a) A Pile group consisting of 20 piles is subjected to eccentric load. Calculate the
loads on 4 comer piles. Draw necessary sketches. (20)
Given:
Verticalload = 1000 ton Center to center spacing of piles = 4 ft.
Eccentricity in short direction = 2 ft. Eccentricity in long direction = 3 ft.
Thickness of the pile cap = 5 ft. Soil above the pile = 4 ft.
Unit weight of the pile = 120 pcf
Pile cap is extended 2 ft. from center of comer piles.
Water table is below 10ft. from ground level.
(b) Calculate the vertical compressive capacity of the driven pile and draw necessary
sketches. (15)
Given: 15 inch x 15 inch pile, Length of the pile = 50 ft.
Top ofthe pile = 5 ft. below ground level, Water Table: 10 ft. below EGL,
Unit wt. of soil: 120 pcf
SPT Values, ~ of the soil, 8 are given below:
Depth 5 ft. 10 ft. 15 ft. 20 ft. 25 ft. 30 ft. 40 ft. 50 ft. 60 ft. 65 ft. 70 ft.
N 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30
~ 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 35° 40° 40° 40° 40°
8 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 25° 28° 28° 28° 28°

Assume N q = 60 for J.'t' = 35° , N q = 80 for

,'t' J. = 40° , D c = 20 ft .
,
Contd P/2

..i
 =2=

CE 441

3. (a) For a raft foundation resting on over consolidated clay following data are given: (25)
Soil Condition:
0- 30 ft. over consolidated clay,
density = 120 pcf, Cr = 0.03, Cc = 0.12, eo = 0.8
past maximum over burden pressure = 7000 psf,
Below 30 ft. dense sand,
Water table at 20 ft.
Foundation:
Raft foundation, size = 80 ft x 100 ft, depth = 14 ft. below ground level,
Gross contact pressure = 4000 psf.
Draw a net sketch showing the stated condition.
Calculate the settlement of the raft at comer and at center due to clay layer.
Divide the thick clay layer into two layers for settlement calculation.
(b) For a raft foundation resting on clay following data are given: (10)
Raft foundation width = 100 ft.
Raft foundation length = 150 ft.
Depth of raft foundation = 20 ft. below ground level
Gross contact pressure = 4 ksf and 5 ksf

Deep deposit of clay, unconfined compression strength 4 ksf

Water table = 25 ft. below GL
Unit wt. of soil: 120 pcf
Draw plan and section of the raft foundation.
Calculate the factor of safety of the raft foundation.
DriB 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0
Nc(Strip) 5.2 5.9 6.4 6.8 7.2 7.5 7.5

4. (a)For a footing resting on sand following data are given: .(15)

Footing size: 10ft. x 10ft.
Column load: 200 kip
Depth of the footing: 5 ft.
Thickness of footing: 2 ft. 6 inch
Water Table: 10ft. below EGL
Unit wt. of soil: 120 pcf
SPT Values:
Depth 2.5 ft. 5 ft. 7.5 ft. 10 ft. 12.5 ft. 15 ft. 17.5 ft. 20 ft. 25 ft.
N (corrected) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Calculate the factor of safety against bearing capacity and settlement of the foundation.
(b) Write short notes: (20)
(i) Well point dewatering system
(ii) Engineering News formula
(iii) Pile load test
(iv) Negative skin friction.
Contd P/3
 =3=

CE 441

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) Mention the purpose and significance of sub-soil exploration. (10)

(b) Discuss the relative advantages and limitations of different methods of exploratory
boring. Also' outline the boring method which is mostly used in Bangladesh. (8+5)
(c) A raft foundation, 30 ft wide and 50 ft long, is to be placed 10ft below the surface
of the surrounding ground. Exploratory borings indicated that the sub-soil consists of
uniform find sand up to a depth of 40 ft below which a rock layer exists. The minimum
average standard penetration resistance between depths of 10 and 40 ft, corrected for
overburden pressure, is 19 blows/ft. The water table is located at 10ft below the
ground surface. If the structure is to have a basement and if the sand layer has a
saturated unit weight of 100 pcf, determine the maximum soil pressure that should be
allowed at the base of the raft? (12)

6. (a) Mention the use of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples for various laboratory
tests. (8)
(b) During a sub-soil exploration, the SPT-N value of a clay layer at a depth of 20 ft
was recorded as 10. Later, an inspection of the drilling equipments revealed that the
hammer used by the driller is 20 lb less than the standard weight. Is there any way to
correct the measured SPT-N value? If so, give justification of the correction procedure
and determine the corrected SPT-N value. (5)
(c) What is a borelog? Schematically show a borelog and discuss different information
that are usually placed in a borelog. (3+9)
(d) What is the significance of recording water table in a sub-soil exploration?
Observation of water table was intended in a borehole made in silty sub-soil (i.e. soils
with moderate permeability) by Hvorslev's method. Accordingly, water was bailed out
of the borehole and depths of the water levels in the borehole were recorded at 24 hour
intervals (data given in the table below). (4+6)
Time elapsed, hr Depth of water level from the ground surface, m
0 9.5
24 8.5
48 7.7
72 7.2

Determine, the depth of water table. Relevant formulae for the method are:

_ fj,hj2 _ fj,hi _ fj,h;

ho - fj,h] - fj,~ ' ~ - fj,h] - fj,~ ' h3 - fj,h2 - fj,h3

The notations represent their usual meanings.

Contd P/4
 =4=
CE 441

7. (a) Write short notes on (i) Electrical resistivity survey (ii) Cone penetration test (12)
(b) An oil tank, 80 ft in diameter, is planned to be constructed that will exert 500 psf
pressure on the ground surface. The subsoil at the site consists of an upper sand layer
underlain by a soft clay layer as shown in Fig. 1. A hard clay deposit is found to exist
below the soft clay layer. Available soil parameters are shown in the Figure. Estimate
the settlement of the center of the tanle (13)
Oil tank
Water Table
__________________________ \7~-~ _
10'
IFig.II fw f(,v£( ~l<.'
30' Clean sand, ¥sat = 125 pef
1(b) "
20' Clay, ¥sat = liS pef,WL = 40 %, Wp = 25%, W = 44%, qu = 1.3 tsf
Mard clay

(c) Analytically show that for an infinite slope made of soils having both cohesion and
friction, there is a critical depth beyond which stability cannot be attained, whereas for
soils having only friction there is no such critical depth. (10)

8. (a) A road embankment is to be constructed with a side slope of ~ = 45°. The

embankment soil is homogeneous and has effective stress parameters of ~ = 20°,
c = 25 kN/m2. The unit weight of the compacted soil will be 18 kN/m3. Using Taylor's
method determine: (i) critical height of the slope and (ii) factor of safety with respect
to strength if the height of the slope is 10m, (Chart for Taylor's method is provided in
Fig. 2) (12)
(b) State the assumptions and limitations of the 'Ordinary method of slices' and
'Bishop's simplified method of slices' for slope stability analyses. (7)
(c) Distinguish between 'net ultimate bearing capacity' and 'gross ultimate bearing
capacity' showing equations for clay soil. State the assumptions behind these bearing
capacity equations. Also discuss the effect of B/L on the bearing capacity factor for
foundations on clay. (6+5+5)

0,20

'~f' '30 '405'0' ,60 70 80 " 90

, , 'Sl()~~gl~[PJ!leg)

Fig.2 Plot of stability number with slope angle, ~,> 0 (after Taylor, 1937)
_ " _ < r __ --.-.~ ...--=--_
• '.f- ~_ - .-.-A "".:i"-- .•...•.....
~ ........--'-'.~
~< •• ~ --~ ~~---=-- - ..- "->- - _." <'
 _ c----.
- Y..J-
. :-J:

Influence values (1,,) for vertical normal stress u: at point N beneath comer of a uniformly loaded rectangular area

BIz LIz
0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 10.6 0.7

0.02926 0.03007 0.03058 0.03090

0.00470 0.00917 0.01323 0.01678 0.01978 0.02223 0.02420 0.02576 0.02698 0.02794
0.1 0.05733 0.05894 0.05994 0.06058
0.00917 0.01790 0.02585 0.03280 0.03866 0.04348 0.04735 0.05042 0.05283 0.05471
0.2 0.08561 0.08709 0.08804
0.04742 0.05593 0.06294 0.06858 0.07308 0.07661 0.07938 0.08323
0.3 0.01323 0.Q2585 0.03735 0.112'60
0.08734 0.09314 0.09770 0.10129 0.10631 0.10941 0.111 35
0.4 0.01678 0.03280 0.04742 0.06024 0.07111 0.08009
0.12626 0.13003 0.13241 0.13395
0.5 0.01978 0.03866 0.05593 0.07111 0.08403 0.09473 0.10340 0.110 35 0.1l584 0.12018
0.09473 0.10688 0.1l679 0.12474 0.13105 0.13605 0.14309 0.14749 0.15028 0.15207
0.6 0.02223 0.04348 0.06294 0.08009
0.10340 0.1l679 0.12772 0.13653 0.14356 0.14914 0.15703 0.16199 0.16515 0.16720
0.7 0.02420 0.04735 0.06858 0.08734
0.110 35 0.12474 0.13653 0.14607 0.15371 0.15978 0.16843 0.17389 0.17739 0.17967
0.8 0.02576 0.05042 0.07308 0.09314
0.13105 0.14356 0.15371 0.16185 0.16835 0.177 66 0.18357 0.18737 0.18986
0.9 0.02698 0.05283 0.07661 0.09770 0.11584
0.12018 0.13605 0.14914 0.15978 0.16835 0.17522 0.18508 0.19139 0.19546 0.19814
1.0 0.02794 0.05471 0.07938 0.10129
0.15703 0.16843 0.17766 0.18508 0.19584 0.20278 0.20731 0.21032
1.2 0.02926 0.05733 0.08323 0.10631 0.12626 0.14309
0.16199 0.17389 0.18357 0.19139 0.20278 0.21020 0.21510 0.21836
1.4 0.03007 0.05894 0.08561 0.10941 0.13003 0.14749
0.17739 0.18737 0.19546 0.20731 0.21510 0.22025 0.22372
1.6 0.03058 0.05994 0.08709 0.11135 0.13241 0.15028 0.16515
0.17967 0.189.86 0.19814 0.21032 0.21836 0.22372 0.22736
1.8 0.03090 0.06058 0.08804 0.11260 0.13395 0.15207 0.16720
0.16856 0.18119 0.19152 0.19994 0.21235 0.22058 0.22610 0.22986
2.0 0.03111 0.06100 0.08867 0.11342 0.13496 0.15326
0.18321 0.19375 0.20236 0.21512 0.22364 0.22940 0.23334
2.5 0.03138 0.06155 0.08948 0.ll450 0.13628 0.15483 0.17036
0.18407 0.19470 0.20341 0.21633 0.22499 0.23088 0.23495
3.0 0.03150 0.06178 0.08982 0.11495 0.13684 0.15550 0.17113
0.17168 0.18469 0.19540 0.20417 0.21722 0.22600 0.23200 0.23688
4.0 0.03158 0.06194 0.09007 0.1l527 0.13724 0.15598
0.17185 0.18488 0.19561 0.20440 0.21749 0.22632 0.23236 0.23735
5.0 0.03160 0.06199 0.09014 0.1l537 0.13737 0.15612
0.17191 0.18496 0.19569 0.20449 0.21760 0.22644 0.23249 0.23671
6.0 0.03161 0.06201 0,09017 0.11541 0.13741 0.15617
0.17195 0.18500 0.19574 0.20455 0.21767 0.22652 0.23258 0.23681
8.0 0.03162 0.06202 0.09018 0.ll543 0.13744 0.15621
0.15622 0.17196 0.18502 0.19576 0.20457 0.217 69 0.22654 0.23261 0.23684
10.00 .03162 0.06202 0.09019 0.11544 0.13745
0.15623 0.17197 0.18502 0.19577 0.20458 0.21770 0.22656 0.23263 0.23686
00 0.03162 0.06202 0.09019 0.11544 0.13745

BIz LIz

2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 00

0.03111 0.03138 0.03150 0.03158 0.03160 0.03161 0.03162 0.03162 0.03162

0.1
0.06155 0.06178 0.06194 0.06199 0.06201 0.06202 0.06202 0.06202
0.2 0.06100
0.0&&67 0.0&948 0.08982 0.09007 0.09014 0.09017 0.09018 0.09019 0.09019
0.3
0.4 0.11342 0.1l450 0.11495 0.11527 0.1 1537 0.1l541 0.11543 0.11544 0.1l544
0.5 0.13496 0.13628 O.l36g4 0.13724 0.13737 0.13741 0.13744 0.13745 0.13745

0.6 0.15326 0.15483 0.15550 0.15598 0.15612 0.15617 0.15621 0.15622 0.15623
0.7 0.16856 0.17036 0.17113 0.17168 0.17185 0.17\91 0.17195 0.J7196 0.17197
0.8 0.18119 0.18321 0.18407 0.18469 0.18488 0.18496 0.18500 0.18502 0.18502
0.9 0.19152 0.19375 0.19470 0.19540 0.19561 0.19569 0.19574 0.19576 0.19576
1.0 0.19994 0.20236 0.20341 0.20417 0.20440 0.20449 0.20455 0.20457 0.20458

1.2 0.21235 0.21512 0.21633 0.21722 0.21749 0.21760 0.21767 0.21769 0.21770
1.4 0.22058 0.22364 0.22499 0.22600 0.22632 0.22644 0.22652 0.22654 0.22656
1.6 0.22610 0.22940 0.23088 0.23200 0.23236 0.23249 0.23258 0.23261 0.23263
1.8 0.22986 0.23334 0.23495 0.23698 0.23935 0.23671 0.23681 0.23684 0.23686
2.0 0.23247 0.23614 0.23782 0.23912 0.23954 0.23970 0.23981 0.23985 0.23987

2.5. 0.23614 0.24010 0.24196 0.24344 0.24392 0.24412 0.24425 0.24429 0.24432
3.0 0.23782 0.24196 0.24394 0.24554 0.24608 0.24630 0.24646 0.24650 0.24654
4.0 0.23912 0.24344 0.24554 0.24729 0.24791 0.24817 0.24836 0.24842 0.24846
5.0 0.23954 0.24392 0.24608 0.24791 0.24857 0.24885 0.24907 0.24914 0.24919

6.0 0.23970 0.24412 0.24630 0.24817 0.24885 0.24916 0.24939 0.24946 0.24952
8.0 0.23981 0.24425 0.24646 0.24836 0.24907 0.24939 0.24964 0.24973 0.24980
10.0 0.23985 0.24429 0.24650 0.24842 0.24914 0.24946 0.24973 0.24981 0.24989
00 0.23987 0.24432 0.24654 0.24846 0.24919 0.24952 0.24980 0.24989 0.25000

-- ..-...........----_._----=::::-::...~ •.::-~~::=~::--
-.------~-~
"-'------
• (t;) .01' /8 • b. ~5 :

i
i

2.J {} I 6
?r;t,t:)(~/in9',.Bt;ri

Dcsigncbatt (or' proport iQning :sb41Uow footings on ~and~