PART 1: Synthesis Matrix

Name: Grant Anderson Period: 4th Tuesday

STEP 1: Planning your Synthesis Matrix Analysis of Literature

Pre-planning: Concept Matrix of Literature. Read at least 15-20 articles that are related to your foundation sub problem. Look for a variety of variable that are
similar to your interest and overarching question. As you do a quick read of the articles, mark the variables that you are planning to consider as your applied
research. Please change the variables as needed since this is an example template. The checks (X) in the boxes are merely examples – remove them before you
start your planning analysis. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237542915_The_Matrix_Method_of_Literature_Review

Preplanning: Concept Matrix of Literature

Author (s), title, etc. (APA format) Years (in the Variable 1 Variable 2 Variable 3 Variable 4
last 5 years
if not
checked)

X X X
X X X
X X X
X X X X
x
x

X
X
x X
x X
X
X
X
X
x x X

X
STEP 2: Look over your pre-planning Matrix and choose the best 10 articles (mini 10 with 5 articles from the last 5 years). Complete a summary
of each relevant article you read using the Synthesis Matrix Analysis of Literature below:

Include the articles (the front page is important, but subsequent pages to be printed off should only be the pages that you cited in your synthesis
matrix) in your final copy – you need to make sure of the following:
a) Highlight on the original article - all the important facts that you have used in the matrix below.
b) When documenting, you also need to indicate which page number the information is found. The information on the synthesis matrix
should be the same as the highlighted section of the page number indicated.
c) You do not have to reword/rewrite the sentence, merely document by rewriting the important bits and pieces of the information and
indicate where you found it and page #
d) Work steadily each day, if you work on 3-4 articles a day, you will complete this analysis before the deadline. Meticulous work at the
start will help you through this process easily.
 Synthesis Matrix Analysis of Literature
Author/title, Purpose Framework Sample Design Variables/ Results Controversies, Limitations Implications
etc. instruments disagreements for practice,
with other research,
(APA format Overarching Hypothesis/ How the Validity and How the authors theory
reference) Question Objective data was Reliability hypothesis was
collected? supported/rejected
You will add a list of
Conclusion and authors referenced
further studies in this section on a
separate page
Zheshu, What is Waste 3 2 The The organic Concrete WHRS could
Hua, C., & the heat different equation independen Rankine cycle testing be
Yong, Z. impact of recovery designs s were t variables produced the cannot be implemented
(2017).
Impact of waste systems of WHRS. develope were the highest net done in large
waste heat heat can not Combine d that WHRS types profit per because container
recovery recovery only d modeled that were cost of waste these ships and
systems on systems increase turbines, the changed in heat recovery systems maritime
energy on efficiency traditiona plausibilit the systems. are vessels in
efficiency
efficiency of heavy l Rankine y and equations. WHRS hypothetic order to
improvemen
t of a heavy- in heavy duty diesel cycle, performa The implementati al, which reduce the
duty diesel duty engines, and nce of 3 dependent on could removes greenhouse
engine. diesel but can organic different variables reduce the the ability gases and
Archives Of engines? also Rankine waste were the amount of to test a improve
Thermodyna (Page 65) reduce the cycle. heat heat in and emissions as product in efficiency.
mics, 38(3),
carbon (Page 66) recovery out of the well as the Future
63-75.
doi:10.1515/ dioxide systems. system, unit improve the environme research
aoter-2017- emissions. (Page 69) cost for efficiency of nt it will be could be
0016 An organic WHRS heavy duty used in. conducted
Rankine systems, the diesel (Page 74) that
cycle will net energy engines (Page implements
be the of the 74) these
most system, and systems on a
efficient. the total small scale in
(Page 66) energy of order to test
the system. how it works
 The in a real
instrument world
was data situation.
from (Page 74)
existing
ships and
the
mathematic
al equations
used. (Page
72)
Dahad, A., How Variable 2 A The The variable This study Improvement
& Joglekar, effective geometry identical variable independen geometry was only s can be
A.S. (2016, can turbocharg diesel geometry t variable turbocharger performed research,
March- variable ers can delivery turbocha was beat the on one such as
April). geometry increase trucks rger was changing traditional vehicle, cheaper,
Effect of turbochar the were attached the turbocharger which leads more robust
variable gers be in efficiency tested, to a conventiona in every way, to narrow materials,
geometry compariso of a diesel one with diesel l leading to test results. and the
turbocharg n to engine to a a truck, turbocharge increased Additionall ability for it
er (VGT) traditional considerab conventi and r out for a performance, y, the to be applied
on diesel turbochar le degree. onal another VGT. The decreased current to gasoline
engine. gers? (Page 515) turbocha truck had dependent exhaust VGT only engines,
Internation (Page 515) rger, and a variables emission, works on which are
al Journal one with conventi were the faster diesel much more
a variable onal boost response engines, so common.
of Trend in
geometry turbocha pressure, time, and the Additional
Research
turbocha rger. The acceleration increased performan research
and
rger. performa , vehicle efficiency. ce gains on could involve
Developme
(Page nce speed, (Page 519, a gasoline more
nt. 3(2).
518-519) during engine 510) S engine experiments
Retrieved accelerati speed, and cannot be with
from on torque. This tested. different
http://www between was (Page 520) sized diesel
.ijtrd.com/p
apers/IJTR the two measured engine.
D3688.pdf was over a Research
compare period of 5 could also be
d. (Page seconds pursued with
519) holding the electric
brake, and turbocharger
then an s. (Page 520)
approximat
ely 35
second
observation
and data
collection of
the vehicle.
(Page 519,
520)
Giakoumis, How are The vehicle 2 A data The The Like other Further
E. G., & the will have different logger independen start/stop of studies, research
Triantafillo efficiency, drastically driving logged t variable the 50 this study could be
u, G. emissions, different condition the was the second urban was only done on
and performan s. 100 vehicle uniform test route led to a conducted other
(2018).
overall ce during a second speed, methods, significantly on one vehicles to
Analysis of performa 100 continuo engine which was larger very heavy fully be able
the effect nce of a second us speed, the length amount of service to generalize
of vehicle, turbochar continual accelerati various of test, and emissions vehicle. this data for
driving and ged diesel acceleratio on, emission the uniform when the This data other
road engine n than similar to s data, throttle accelerator is may not applications.
parameters affected during a 50 a and control depressed apply to Gear shifting
on the in second highway other between all than the smaller could also be
transient different start-stop entry engine tests. The lengthy 100 diesel made more
driving urban scenario, data. dependent second engines streamlined
performanc
conditions route. and a 50 variables continuous such as to eliminate
e and ? (Page 2) (Page 3,4) second were the acceleration. pickup engine speed
emissions start-stop emissions This is trucks. jumps that
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turbocharg e, similar the data a rapid y, precise noxious
ed truck. to logger and change in data for fumes and
Energies accelerati acquisition engine speed this truck more
ng sensors causing the cannot be exhaust. A
(19961073)
between engine to collected in study in
, 11(2). stop emit more a lab, so aggressive
doi:10.339 lights in particulate the data is driving could
0/en11020 an urban matter. most likely also give
295 environm not exact. insight as to
ent. how emission
These levels vary
scenarios from driver
were to driver.
repeated
multiple
times.
(page 3-
5)
Timmons, How are Socioecon 192,104 The data The data Fuel This data is Further
D., & Americans omic individual was received efficiency from 2009, research
Perumal, A. buying factors s collected was choices in in a 2016 needs to be
(2016). US and play a surveyed in a classified automobiles research done
vehicle fuel- keeping large role by the survey into 3 are not article. This studying how
efficiency hybrid in whether NHTS. format sections randomly could lead higher levels
choices: and or not a Individual through based on distributed, to being of education
demographi electric person s were the 2009 the fuel but are linked out of date, affects the
c, cars, and owns a surveyed National consumptio to key so a study frequency at
behavioral, what hybrid or as to Househol n. Within factors, with more which people
and cultural defines electric what car d Travel these especially the recent data purchase
factors. who is vehicles. they Survey. groups, data level of could be more
Journal Of buying (Page drive. While communicat education of used. (Page efficient
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tal Planning vehicles? 2183) nts were instances sections order to halt Also, figuring
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nt, 59(12). d if they , 192,104 family the change and lead to better
doi:10.1080 were the individual vehicle is preserve decisions will
/09640568. primary s met the used in, the petroleum be beneficial.
2015.11316 driver of criteria education of reserves, the
75 a vehicle to be the amount of
that had consider operating hybrid and
relevant ed by the person, the electric
data research gender, age, vehicles need
available paper. occupation, to increase
for query. (Page income, and drastically.
Only 2184) annual miles Cultural
drivers traveled of factors play a
from the the great deal in
48 operator. choice of
contiguo (Page 2184, vehicle. (Page
us states 2185) 2195, 2196)
were
considere
d. (2183,
2184)
Buchman, How can Air 1 engine, The The The air There is Further
M., turbochar capacitors a engine independen capacitor possible research
Ramanujan, gers be will allow KD186FA crank t variable proved to be error in could be
D., & applied to four-stroke by Koop. was was very testing conducted
Winter, A. four single- Large connecte changing successful, limitations, with this
G. (2018). A stroke cylinder displace d to the the size of and the due to the same setup,
method for engines, engines to ment dynamo the air largest size engine not and
turbochargi even with be used single- meter as capacitor. air capacitor being comparing
ng single- the with cylinder data The led to the designed the results to
cylinder, inconsiste turbocharg engine, readings dependent greatest for forced another,
four-stroke ncy of ers. (Page very were variables performance air intakes, more
engines. intake 2) cheap, logged were the increase. The so leakes accurate
SAE flow? with a output general could model could
Internationa (Page 1) turbocha power and consensus is occur. yield
l Journal Of rger and the gain in that the Additionall different
Engines, air air density. addition of a y, the results.
11(4), 1-12. capacitor. The engine turbocharger theoretical
doi:10.4271 (Page 7) was turned leads to a 50 model did
/03-11-04- on and data percent not take
0028 was increase in exhaust
collected as power per pressure
the engine unit cost. into
power account, so
output the
increased. theoretical
model is
meant to
be closer to
the
experiment
al
Svensson, What is The two 1 heavy A sensor The The two The air More
E., Lianhao, the stage duty to turbocharge stage induction research
Y., Tunestal, performa turbocharg diesel measure r applied to turbocharger system was needs to be
P., Thern, nce er will engine, a mass the engine performed determine done to
M., & increase create a 12.7 liter flow rate was the the best out d to be study
Tuner, M. difference higher displace of air was independen of all testing inefficient, turbocharger
when intake ment put in t variable turbocharger so the s specifically
(2017).
using a manifold inline 6 each along with s with an range of design for
Evaluation
two stage pressure in cylinder turbocha the four intake operational premixed
of different turbochar compariso engine. rger, and electronicall pressure of conditions combustion
turbocharge ger versus n to the (Page 2). the y controlled 25.6 bar, the engine in an engine,
r a single single resultant constant which is 3.5 could be because
configuratio stage stage mass engine bar higher subjected while a
ns for a turbochar turbocharg flow rate speed, and than a to were traditional
heavy-duty ger? (Page ers tested. at the conventional limited. diesel
partially 2) (Page 2) various dependent turbocharger. Output turbocharger
premixed engine variable was Other temperatur has been
combustion speeds the mass conclusions es were proven to
engine. SAE was flow rate of also found low, which work well as
Internationa recorded air into the that lowered shown by
l Journal Of and engine. (2, decreasing the ability this study,
displayed 3) the for the efficiency
Engines,
in temperature catalytic could
10(5), 288-
graphs. of the air converter theoretically
308. (Page 9, taken in to be be improved
doi:10.4271 10) allows for efficient. further with
/2017-24- greater (Page 10) specialized
0164 efficiency in a turbocharger
heavy duty s. (Page 11)
diesel engine.
(Page 10-11)
Ommi, F., How is the The 2 very The The Experimental There has Further
Movahedne efficiency addition of similar engines independen tests showed been no research
jad, E., & and a engines, were t variable that the CNG physical could be
Nekofar, K. practicalit turbocharg one connecte was the engine could creation of conducted
(2013). y of er will designed d to a type of only produce a with
Comparing Compress allow a to use dynamo engine power to a specialized enhancing
performanc ed Natural CNG CNG, and meter, being used significant turbocharg the efficiency
e Gas (CNG) engine in one using and the at one point degree lower er for CNG and power
characteristi better or an gasoline. data in time, and than a engines, output of a
cs of a worse in automobil (Page 1, from the what engine gasoline which CNG engine,
gasoline compariso e to 2) dynamo speed the engine. limits the using this
and CNG n to perform meter engine is Further ability to research as a
engines and gasoline similar to a was being held electronic find the basis and
increasing engines gasoline logged as at at any modeling experiment building
volume when engine. the air point in showed how al results upon it, such
efficiency enhanced (Page 2) pressure time. The the addition for such a as adding a
and power by a data was dependent of a device. cold air
using turbochar logged variables specialized (Page 8) intake, which
designed ger. (Page from a measured turbocharger can enhance
turbocharge 1) sensor in were the can greatly efficiency in
r. Acta the volumetric improve the gasoline
Technica engine. efficiency, effectiveness engines.
Corvininesis (Page 2, engine of the CNG. (Page 8)
- Bulletin Of 3) torque, (Page 4, 7)
Engineering, cylinder
6(2), 101- pressure.
108. (Page 2, 3)
Retrieved
from the
Academic
Search
Complete
database.
Bryant, N., How can 3D printed 11 Cores The Zircon and All sands Further
& Thiel, J. molds for sand molds different were independen olivine have a research
(2018). metal will be types of casted, t variables castings degree of could be
Critical parts superior in sand and then are the produced the impurity done to
characteristi affect the producing were a probe material lowest with grain improve the
cs affecting outcome quality selected was used used for the contact angle size and formula for
quality of aluminum to create to find casting and on the consistency the
the surface
the parts, parts in the the the coating surface of the of material, refractory
finish of
specificall compariso castings uniformit applied to metal core, so none of coatings,
castings. y with n to for the y. (Page the cores. thus showing these casts using this
Internationa turbochar investment aluminu 5) The that those are perfect research to
l Journal Of gers and casting. m cores. dependent were the indicators create the
Metalcastin intake (Page 1) (Page 2, variable is smoothest of how smoothest
g, 12(1), manifolds 3) the surfaces smooth the surface, and
186-195. ? (Page 1) resultant created in surface of using that
doi:10.1007 smoothness. this test, and the cores surface to
/s40962- (Page 4) showing that could develop and
017-0183-2 3D printed theoreticall research the
castings were y be. best
 superior. refractory
(Page 8) coating.
Senthil, R., How can Designed One The The Turbocharge The engine Further
Silambarasa boost turbocharg single- engine is independen d diesel tested in research
n, R., & pressure ers and cylinder run at t variable operation is the must be
Pranesh, G. and modified diesel constant was the shown to research done in order
(2015). injection intake engine speeds engine load have was a to optimize
Direct pressure manifolds with a and that was significant single turbocharger
increase creating customiz intake changed in advantages cylinder and intake
injection
the boost ed turbo temperat each test, with engine, so manifold
diesel
performa pressure and ures with ranging performance the results design for
engine nce and can intake varying from 2 to 10 and of this data decreased
performanc decrease significantl manifold loads and kg of load. decreasing can only be emissions
e emissions y increase designed the The exhaust in considered and
improveme in a diesel performan specificall exhaust dependent comparison to a certain increased
nt and engine. ce and y for the gases are variables to traditional point, performance.
emission (Page 1) decrease dynamics logged by were the naturally because (Page 5)
control emissions of single a sensor exhaust aspirated the
using boost in diesel cylinder on the amount of engines. operation
pressure. engines. engines. exhaust CO, CO2, (Page 5) of a device
Internationa (Page 1,2) (Page 2) manifold and HC, in a more
harmful common
l Journal Of
pollutants multi-
Vehicle
for the cylinder
Structures &
atmosphere configurati
Systems . on of a
(IJVSS), 7(3), (Page 3) diesel
114-117. engine.
doi:10.4273 (Page 5)
/ijvss.7.3.05

Mei, D., How can The 1 The The The EGR did The EGR Research
Qian, J., exhaust addition of turbocha engine independen reduce the was not could be
gas an EGR to rged 4 has t variable is amount of modeled devoted to
Sun, P., recirculati a cylinder exhaust the engine NOsubx through building off
Miao, Y., on affect turbocharg diesel sensors load the significantly, computer the research
Zhang, S., & combustio ed diesel engine in the engine is because as simulations in this study
Cai, Y. n and engine will with an exhaust subjected to the EGR rate , so there is and
(2012). emissions decrease added manifold during the increased, nothing attempting
Study on of a the EGR for to detect tes. The the amount exact to to optimize
turbochar emission testing the dependent of NOsubx compare the design of
the
ged diesel of NOx. (PAge 2) concentr variables exhausted the results an EGR
Combustion
engine. (Page 1) ation of are the EGR decreased of this test system to
Process and (Page 1) pollutant rate and the linearly. to. (Page 9) maximize the
Emissions of s and log amount of (Page 9) reduction in
a the data exhaust NOsubx
Turbocharg for particulate emissions, as
ed Diesel plotting detected by well as
Engine with (Page 2, the sensors explore the
EGR. Journal 3) in the power
Of exhaust increase
Combustion, manifold. benefits of
2012 1-9. Page (2, 3) this same
technology.
doi:10.1155
(Page 9)
/2012/9327
24

STEP 3: References (From the Controversies, disagreements with other authors’ column)
*Note: Always in APA format