Automatic Watering System via Soil Automatic Plant Watering System via

Soil Moisture Sensing by means of Suitable

ABSTRACT
Herein we introduce automatic plant watering system, which is considered as one of the most
commonly used and the most beneficial automated systems nowadays, which help people in their
daily activities by reducing or completely replacing their effort. This system uses sensor
technology along with microcontroller and other electronics in order to behave like smart
switching system which senses soil moisture level and irrigates the plant if necessary. Purpose of
this work is to show how someone can easily make own and cheap automatic plant watering
system in just few hours by connecting certain electronic components and other materials
required. In our experiment, we connected all required materials exactly as shown in this paper,
in order to test whether our system will work properly or not. Although the system made in that
way would be the most appropriate for home usage as solution for some daily and usual issues,
there is a wide spectrum of possibilities of implementing these systems as a long-term solution
for many agricultural and medical problems, some of which are undernourishment and air
pollution as most prominent, dangerous and important ones. As one possible agricultural
solution, this system can be very helpful in keeping vegetables and other useful and specifi c
plants watered for bigger harvest, which enables farmers from all around world to breed crops of
these plants which are the most wanted and the most commonly used in diet. As medical
solution, these systems can be used for purpose of cultivating certain plants that are famous and
well known by their ability to remove air pollutants and therefore reduce the concentration of
toxic pollutants in the air as well the occurrence of respiratory diseases. Future possibilities
include some challenging and demanding ideas like joining plants of similar variety and
characteristics into complex connections of plants, called “Internet of plants”. There are also
many other possibilities like using more than one sensor or solar power supply for experimental
purposes, but the fact is however, that, independently of the materials used and the way in which
they are connected, this type of automated systems can be very helpful in solving very wide of
human-related problems nowadays
Agriculture and gardening sectors in our country as they can be used to grow plants under
managed climatic conditions for optimum produce. Atomized a greenhouse envisages observing
and managing of the climatic parameters which directly or indirectly govern the plant growth and
hence their produce. Agriculture is always been main business in India containing 60% of
people. Still compare to other countries India need to improve performance. Greenhouse is best
option to enhance the performance. Still hand-operated Greenhouse has some drawbacks like
visual inspection of the plant growth, hand-operated irrigation of plants, turning on and off the
temperature controllers, hand-operated spraying of fertilizers and pesticides. It is time
consuming, vulnerable to human error and hence less accurate and unreliable. So fully
automatized Greenhouse is a best solution. Remove the difficulties involved in the system by
decrease human involvement to the best possible area. The sensors sense the change and
raspberry-pi reads this from the data at its input ports (GPIO). Greenhouses form an important
part of the agriculture and gardening sectors in our country as they can be used to grow plants
under managed climatic conditions for optimum produce. Automating a greenhouse envisages
monitoring and controlling of the climatic parameters which directly or indirectly govern the
plant growth and hence their produce.

EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing method and one of the oldest ways in agriculture is the manual method of checking
the parameters. In this method the farmers they themselves verify all the parameters and
calculate the readings.

Climate change and rainfall has been erratic over the past few decades. Due to this in recent era,
climate smart methods called as smart agriculture is adopted by many Indian farmers. Smart
agriculture is an automated and directed information technology implemented with IOT (Internet
of Things). IOT is developing rapidly and widely applied in all wireless environments. For this,
it is done using remote sensing, microprocessors, IoT, DBMS is proposed. The major objective is
to get the real-time data and reduce the water that is lost in the irrigation process and reduce the
time spent on the field.
PROPOSED WORK

The advanced system is an implanted system which will closely observe and control the
microclimatic variables of a greenhouse on a continues basis round the clock for farming of
crops or specific plant species which could maximize their production over the whole crop
growth season and to eliminate the difficulties involved in the system by reducing human
intervention to the best possible extent. The Arduino then executes the needed works by
occupying relays pending the strayed-out variable has been conducted back to its optimum level.
since Arduino is used as the heart of the system, it makes the set-up low-cost and effective
nevertheless. The system also provides continuously alert messages the user about the condition
inside the greenhouse by using cloud services. The system contains of sensors, Analog to Digital
Converter, microcontroller and actuators. When any of the above declared climatic variables
cross a protected threshold which has to be maintained to safety the crops, the sensors sense the
change and the microcontroller reads this from the data at its input ports after being transformed
to a digital form by the ADC. The microcontroller then executes the needed actions by
occupying relays pending the strayed-out variables has been conduct back to its optimum level.
Since a microcontroller is used as the heart of the system, it makes the set-up low-cost and
effective nevertheless.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Serial Monitor

ARDUINO UNO
ESP 8266

Thingspeak Cloud
Soil Moisture Water
API
Pump
METHODOLOGIES
Arduino UNO

The Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a
AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.. You can tinker with your UNO without worrying too
much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few
dollars and start over again.

"Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0.
The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of
Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino
boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past or
outdated boards see the Arduino index of boards.
SENSORS
SOIL MOISTURE:

Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct gravimetric
measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighting of a sample, soil
moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other stuff of
the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy
for the moisture variable. Soil moisture sensors typically refer to sensors that estimate volumetric
water content.
WATER PUMP

Outline:

This pump is intended for use in 4WD and other RV applications in conjunction with a
BOAB poly water tank.The pump incorporates an automatic pressure demand switch such that
the pump will commence when a tap isopened and turn off when the tap is closed. Alternatively
the pump can be connected to an open hose and a suitable12v switch used to turn the flow
On/Off.

Installation:

Mount the pump in a suitably protected location between the tank outlet and the tap
location. The pump can bemounted at any angle or position. Mount the pump close to the tank as
the pump will “push” water much further than“draw” water. Screw or bolt the pump using the 4
x rubber feet to ensure the quietest operation. Ensure the pumphas room to vibrate a little in
operation (if the pump is touching a hard surface it will make more noise)Using 3/8” ID hose
suitable for suction and pressure to 35PSI, connect between the tank outlet, pump and
tap/outletlocation. NOTE: The pump body is marked with a direction arrow to show the flow
through the pump.Electrical Connection: (only suitably qualified personnel should undertake
electrical connections)Mount a 12v switch in a convenient location so the pump can be isolated
when not in regular use. Using a minimum of3mm automotive cable and a 10amp fuse, connect
from the vehicle battery to the switch then to the red wire on thepump. Connect the green wire
on the pump to vehicle ground (earth).

Operation:

If using in automatic mode, the pump may run for a short while after the tap is closed. The
automatic switch locatedunder the end cover has a small amount of adjustment if the pump does
not shut On/Off as desired. Remove the endcover screw and adjust the internal screw no more
than ¼ turn and test again.

ESP8266 WiFi Module

WiFi module suitable for adding WiFi functionality to an existing microcontroller project via a
UART serial connection. It provides unsurpassed ability to embed WiFi capabilities within other
systems, or to function as a standalone application, with the lowest cost, and minimal space
requirement. The module can be reprogrammed to act as a standalone WiFi connected device–
just add power. The feature list is impressive and includes:
 802.11 b/g/n protocol
 Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP
 Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing Services provide information technology (IT) as a service over the Internet or
dedicated network, with delivery on demand, and payment based on usage. Cloud computing
services range from full applications and development platforms, to servers, storage, and virtual
desktops. Cloud computing is a general term for the delivery of hosted services over the internet.
Cloud computing enables companies to consume a compute resource, such as a virtual machine
(VM), storage or an application, as a utility -- just like electricity -- rather than having to build
and maintain computing infrastructures in house. Cloud computing is a type of computing that
relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to
handle applications. In cloud computing, the word cloud is used as a metaphor for "the Internet,"
so the phrase cloud computing means "a type of Internet-based computing," where different
services — such as servers, storage and applications — are delivered to an organization's
computers and devices through the Internet. Cloud computing is a method for delivering
information technology (IT) services in which resources are retrieved from the Internet through
web-based tools and applications, as opposed to a direct connection to a server. Rather than
keeping files on a proprietary hard drive or local storage device, cloud-based storage makes it
possible to save them to a remote database. As long as an electronic device has access to the
web, it has access to the data and the software programs to run it. It's called cloud computing
because the information being accessed is found in "the cloud" and does not require a user to be
in a specific place to gain access to it.