COAL MINING IMPACT

(DAMPAK PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA)

Environmental pollution is a condition that occurs due to unfavorable changes to environmental conditions (soil,
air and water) caused by the presence of foreign objects (such as garbage, industrial waste, oil, harmful metals, etc.) as
a result of human actions, resulting in the environment not functioning as before (Susilo, 2003).

Environmental Impacts

Due to the many negative impacts caused by the mining activities, we need our awareness of the environment so
as to meet environmental standards in order to be accepted by the market. Moreover, most mining commodities are
usually sold in the form of raw materials that must be careful in the management because if the users know raw
materials purchased to pollute the environment, it can be felt slap on our mining industry.

In the meantime, it should also be known that the management of natural resources from mining is for the
prosperity of the people. One way is with the development of the region or community development. Mining companies
must participate in developing areas around the mine site, including those related to human resource development.
Because the mine will eventually run out then the management of mining activities is very important and there should
be no mistakes.

As with other mining activities in Indonesia, coal mining has also caused significant environmental damage,
including water, land, air, and forests, water. Coal mining directly causes pollution among others;

1. Water pollution

The coal surface containing pyrite (iron sulfide) interacts with water to produce high sulfuric acid so that
the killings of fish in rivers, plants, and water biota are sensitive to drastic pH changes.

Coals containing uranium in low concentrations, thorium, and radioactive naturally occurring isotopes which, if
removed, will result in radioactive contamination. Although these compounds are contained in low concentrations, they
will have a significant impact if they are wiped into the environment in large quantities. Mercury emissions into the
environment are concentrated as they constantly move through the feeding chain and are converted to methylmercury,
which is a harmful compound and harmful to humans. Especially when consuming fish from water contaminated with
mercury.

2. Air pollution

Chronic pollution / air pollution is very harmful to health. According to the dirty air logic definitely affects
the work of the lungs. The role of pollutants contributes to stimulate respiratory diseases such as influenza, bronchitis
and pneumonia and chronic diseases such as asthma and crony bronchitis

3. Soil contamination

Coal mining can damage existing vegetation, destroying genetic soil profiles, replacing genetic soil profiles,
destroying wildlife and their habitats, degrading air quality, altering land use and up to a certain extent can permanently
alter the general topography of the mining area.

Impacts On humans

Pollution impact Pollution due to coal mining to human

Coal leaching waste substances that are very harmful to human health if the water is consumed can cause skin
diseases in humans such as skin cancer. Kaarena The waste contains sulfur (b), Mercury (Hg), Slarida Acid (Hcn),
Mangan (Mn), Sulfuric Acid (H2sO4), in addition to coal dust causing air pollution along the road which is used as coal
transportation activity. This leads to an outbreak of respiratory infections, which can have long-term effects of lung,
blood or stomach cancer. Even allegedly can cause birth defects babies.

Social and social impacts

1. Distractions of the Public Road Flow

a. The number of passing vehicles used for coal transport impacts the activity of other road users. The increasing
number of accidents, the increasing cost of maintaining bridges and roads, are part of the impact.
2. Land Conflict Up to Social-Cultural Movement of Communities

Land conflicts often occur between companies and local communities whose land is the object of evictions.
Often companies demonstrate kearogansiannya by displacing land without passing the approval of the owner or user
land. Or not infrequently they provide compensation that is not balanced premises results they will get later. Not only
land conflicts, the most common problem is discrimination. As a result of this shift makes their life patterns changed to
be more consumptive. Even moral damage can occur due to the changing life pattern.

Post-Mining Environment

Post-mining activities of sustainable development should produce output that is the optimal and wise utilization
of the natural resources that are not renewable, and sustainable to the disadvantage of natural resources. The ecological
impacts of post mining activities are encouraged to be considered first, as well as the research and compliance of the
space because if not done kompehensip, then the closure of the mine will only damage the landscape and environmental
damage. For that purpose, it is necessary to overcome the pollution and environmental damage during the operation and
post mining closure as sustainable which in essence is an effort that can to eliminate the impact of mining activities by
conducting design and construction of environmental impact mining activities known as AMDAL.

Solutions On Impact And Influence Of Coal Mining

Efforts to prevent and mitigate the impacts of coal miners can be undertaken with several approaches, to undertake
specific actions as follows:

1. The technology approach, with the orientation of preventive technology (control / protection) is the development of
special road / pathways for coal hauling so it will reduce the severity of transportation problems. Pedestrians will be
spared from dirty air space. Use dust masks (dust masks) to minimize the risks exposed / exposed by coal dust.

2. Environmental approaches aimed at environmental setting so as to avoid loss caused by environmental damage.
Reclamation and reforestation of coal mining can prevent the spread of malaria mosquitoes. It is feared that the former
hole / coal crater could be a breeding place.

3. An administrative approach that binds all parties in the coal mining operations to comply with the applicable law
(enforcement)

4. The educative approach, to the community that is being developed and developed to build and provide counseling /
continuously motivates behavioral change and awakens awareness to maintain environmental sustainability.