K. J.

Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77

(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Experiment / assignment / tutorial No. 1

Grade: AA / AB / BB / BC / CC / CD /DD

Signature of the Faculty In-charge with date

Batch:A4 Roll No.:1622018 Experiment No.:1

Title: Implement and study different LAN networking topologies

Aim and Objective of the Experiment:

Study of Bus, Ring and Star network topologies.

COs to be achieved:

CO1: Understand concept of computer communication & Network models.

Apparatus / Software tools used:

Cisco Packet tracer software

Theory

Topology: The structure of a network and which is usually described in the form of a
diagram which shows the nodes and links between them. The term network topology
refers to the shape of how the computers and other network components are connected
to each other.
• Node: A node is a device that is connected to the network. For our purposes here, a
node is the same as a computer. Network topology deals with how the nodes of
a network are connected to each other.
• Packet: A packet is a message that is sent over the network from one node to another
node. The packet includes the address of the node that sent the packet, the address of the
node the packet is being sent to, and data.
Department of Electronics Engineering 1 DCN_July_Nov_2018
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

LAN topology: Local area networks are often categorized in terms of the
topology which they employ. The following topologies are commonly encountered; star,
ring and bus

Star Topology
In star topology, a central switching element is used to connect all of the needs within
the network. A node wishing to transmit data to another node must initiate a request to
the central switching element which will then provide a dedicated path between them,
once the circuit has been established; the two nodes may communicate as if they were
connected by a dedicated point-to-point path.

Fig. Star Topology

Ring Topology
Ring topology is characterized by a closed loop to which each node is attached
by means of a repeating element. Data circulates around the ring on a series of point-to-
point links which exist between the repeaters. A node wishing to transmit must wait for
its turn and then send data onto the ring in the form of a packet which must contain both
the source and destination addresses as well as the data itself.

Fig. Ring Topology

Department of Electronics Engineering 2 DCN_July_Nov_2018

 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Bus Topology

A network in which each node is connected to a common line: the backbone, or trunk. A
bus usually has the file server at one end, with the main trunk line extending from
this point.
Fig. Bus Topology

Stepwise-Procedure / Algorithm:
Department of Electronics Engineering 3 DCN_July_Nov_2018
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

1. Connect the PCs on LAN trainer kit in bus, star and ring topologies.
2. Create a file on one PC and send it to another PC connected in the network.
3. Observe how packets/ frames are sent and received.

Observation table / Observations:

Screen shot

STAR TOPOLOGY:

Department of Electronics Engineering 4 DCN_July_Nov_2018

 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

RING TOPOLOGY:

Department of Electronics Engineering 5 DCN_July_Nov_2018

 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

BUS TOPOLOGY:

Department of Electronics Engineering 6 DCN_July_Nov_2018

 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Department of Electronics Engineering 7 DCN_July_Nov_2018

 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Post Lab Subjective / Objective type Questions:

1. What are the advantages, disadvantages and applications of Bus, Ring and Star
topology?

ANS: Bus Network

● Advantages
Easy to implement and extend

Well suited for temporary networks (quick setup)

Initially less expensive than other topologies

Cheap

● Disadvantages
Difficult to administer/troubleshoot.

Limited cable length and number of stations.

If there is a problem with the cable, the entire network goes down.

Maintenance costs may be higher in the long run.

Performance degrades as additional computers are added or on heavy traffic.

Low security (all computers on the bus can see all data transmissions).

Proper termination is required.(loop must be in closed path).

If one node fails, the whole network will shut down.

Ring Network

● Advantages
Data is quickly transferred without a ‘bottle neck’. (very fast, all data traffic is in the same
direction)

The transmission of data is relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only.

Adding additional nodes has very little impact on bandwidth

It prevents network collisions because of the media access method or architecture

required.

● Disadvantages
Department of Electronics Engineering 8 DCN_July_Nov_2018
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

Data packets must pass through every computer between the sender and recipient therefore
this makes it slower.

If any of the nodes fail then the ring is broken and data cannot be transmitted successfully.

It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring.

Because all stations are wired together, to add a station you must shut down the network
temporarily.

Total dependence upon the one cable

● Application
In a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for communication
purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either "clockwise" or
"counterclockwise"). A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the
entire network.
To implement a ring network, one typically uses FDDI, SONET, or Token Ring technology.
Ring topologies are found in some office buildings or school campuses.

Star Network

● Advantages
Good performance

Easy to set up and to expand. Any non-centralised failure will have very little effect on the
network, whereas on a ring network it would all fail with one fault

● Disadvantages
Expensive to install

Extra hardware required

● Application

Many home networks use the star topology. A star network features a central
connection point called a "hub" that may be a hub, switch or router. Devices
typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet.

2. How does a network topology affect your decision in setting up a network?

ANS: Network topology affect can be seen in terms of:
Department of Electronics Engineering 9 DCN_July_Nov_2018
 K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Department of Electronics Engineering

1. Number of user support required and how they should be connected

2. What type of multi-level security is supported

3. Type of network device required

4. whether mixed network topology is required or not based on type and usage of network

5. selection of network topology also impacts CAPEX because of the price of network

Conclusion: Ring, star and bus topologies were studied and implemented on Packet Tracer

Date: Signature of faculty in-charge with

date

Department of Electronics Engineering 10 DCN_July_Nov_2018