SOLAR PANEL TRACKINTG SYSTEM

The LDR is light Dependent Resistor is working with the principle of varying
resistance according to the light intensity. The LDR is placed in the solar panel, where the
light intensity is mostly required. The LDR will change its resistance according to the
sunlight intensity. The LDR is connected to one arm of a weatstone bridge.

Weat stone bridge is having four arms in the bridge, when the bridge is in Null
condition the bridge will give zero voltage output and when the resistance of the LDR
varies the bridge output in terms of millivolt. It is actually a differential voltage. The
mv signal of the bridge circuit is amplified with the help of the amplifier and then the
amplified output should be in the level of (0 – 5V DC) according to the light input.
Then the final output voltage is given to the Analog to digital converter. The ADC
which we are going to use in ADC 0809, it is an Eight channel eight bit ADC, with
the help of the ADC 0809. We can connect up to eight inputs with the resolution of
eight bits, it has a sampling time of 50sec. Then the Analog to digital converter is in
terms of 8-bit data will be given to the MC through the latch.

The LPT interface is actually a printer port interface, it has three ports
one is control port another one is data port and the third one is status port.
The data port is bi-directional and the control port is output port and the
status port is input port.
Block Diagram

LDR Bridge Amplifier

Circuit

Micro
controller
ADC

Stepper Motor
Driver circuit
Motor Panel

There are totally 12output lines we can use in the LPT port 8 from data port and four
from control port, and 5 status lines is input port as chip select logic and data port us data
bus. That is the control bus is used as an address bus and the data bus is as a data bus. But
in our project we are going to use an ADC and a driver circuit for the stepper motor. The
ADC and the Stepper motor driver latch are selected with the help of a decoder here we
are using two to fair decoder for selecting the chips.

The stepper motor driver is selected by using a latch which is (74LS273) is an

octal latch, we can drive for stepper motor through a stepper driver circuit. The stepper
driving circuit, which we are using, is for 3kg-cm torque motor with 12V DC Operation.

The output from the Analog Port of the amplifier is given to the ADC, where the
analog signal will be converted in to digital signal with the help of the MC software
program. There are three address lines to select the channel, we are going to give
logically zero for all the address bus will select the channel zero.