ABSTRACT OF HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR - MINOR BRIDGE AT CH.

43+943
PEAK DISCHARGE COMPUTATION BY DIFFERENT METHODS

Bridge Inventory Existing Computed Discharge (m3/s)

Clear Span (m) HFL (As Deck
Catchment Design
Existing Design Span per Local Level at Slope-
Type of Name of Skew Angle (in Area Dicken's Rational Weir/ Orifice Discharge REMARKS
Sl. No. Chainage Chainage Arrangem Along Effective Span Enquiry) U/S U/S Edge Area Unit Hydrograph
Bridge Stream degrees) (km2) Formula Method Formula (m3/s)
(km) (Km) ent (m) skew along Normal in m of c/w in Method
m
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (19) (20)
The Design discharge computed using rational
method and unit hydrograph method yields
very high value and does not seem feasible for
such narrow span of river. There is an existing
Huini
1 - RCC 43+943 1x40 0 - 40.00 810.240 - 135.00 554 730 110 - 1580 165 bridge upstream of this proposed one and is
River
functioning well without any overtopping.
Based on this judgement, it is proposed to
design the bridge for a flood discharge of 165
cumecs (110 x 1.5).
C=14
ABSTRACT OF HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE NEW BRIDGE AT EXISTING SITE

Discharge Depth from Velocity

Existing Effective Design Normal
Chainage Name of Design for (HFL- through MSL for abutment Water way Fluming
Sl. No. Chainage Clear D50 (mm) f, abutment HFL (m) Scour L.B.L (m) Froude's No. Afflux (m) Proposed FRL (m)
(Km) Stream Discharge(m3/s) foundation LBL)/1.27 in existing (m) at HFL (m) Ratio
(km) Span (m) U/S depth (m)
design (m3/s) metre bridge (m/s)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21)
Huini
1 - 43+943 38.2 0.50 1.25 811.350 165 215 3.93 2.50 6.16 806.36 808.174 1.58 18.49 2.07 0.00 -
River

Note: If the proposed FRL is lower than the existing one, it is recommended to adopt the existing FRL value.

Discharge Depth from Velocity

Existing Effective Design Normal
Chainage Name of Design for (HFL- through
Sl. No. Chainage Clear D50 (mm) f, pier HFL (m) Scour MSL for Pier (m) L.B.L (m)
(Km) Stream Discharge(m3/s) foundation LBL)/1.27 in existing
(km) Span (m) U/S depth (m)
design (m3/s) metre bridge (m/s)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (16)

Huini
1 - 43+943 38.2 0.00 0.00 811.350 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 808.174
River
Refer Geotechnical Report for Silt factor Values:
Minimum Weighted Silt factor, f for abutment= 1.25 (REFER GEOTECHNICAL REPORT)
Weighted Silt factor, f for pier= 0.00
 ABSTRACT OF HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR - MINOR BRIDGE AT CH.43+943

DATA INPUT SHEET

Bridge Details
Chainage 43+943
Span 1x40

Physiographic Parameters
Calculated Catchment Area in Sq Km(A) = 135.00
The distance frm the critical pint to the structure in Km (L)= 22.28
The fall in level from critical Point to the structure in m (H)= 1515
Total Precipitation in cm (F)= 28
Duration in hr (T)= 24

Coefficien of Run-off (P) = 0.3

factor f = 0.67
Note: 100 yr. 24 hr rainfall data for the region is taken from CWC Report "flood Estimation
Western Himalayas subzone 7"
 DISCHARGE USING DICKEN'S METHOD

DISCHARGE CALCULATION USING IRC SP-13 2004

Chainage 43+943
Span 1x40 m

Catchment Area in sq Km (A) = 135.00

Normal annual rainfall in cm= 300

C= 14 Refer Clause 4.2, IRC SP-13-2004

Q= CM^(3/4)
Q= 554 cumecs
ABSTRACT OF HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOR - MINOR BRIDGE AT CH.43+943
DISCHARGE CALCULATION FROM IMPROVED RATIONAL METHOD (REF: IRC SP-13 2004)
Details of Bridge: MNBR AT CH.43+943
Chainage 43+943
Span 1x40
1 Catchment Area calculation (A)
Catchment area is calculated from Survey of India Toposheets of scale 1:50000
Calculated Catchment Area (A) = 135 sq Km
2 Physiographic Parameters
Catchment Area in sq Km (A) = 135
The distance frm the critical pint to the structure in Km (L)= 22.28
The fall in level from critical Point to the structure in m (H)= 1515
Total Precipitation in cm (F)= 28
Duration in hr (T)= 24

one hour rainfall for a region in cm/hr (I ) = F/2*(1+1/T)

Hence I, cm/hr = 14.58

3 Determination of time of Concentration (t )

tc (in hr) = (0.87xL^3/H) 0.385
(ref. eq 4.9 IRC SP:13-2004)

Hence,
tc = 2.04 hr

4 Determination of Coefficient of Run-off (P)

Coefficient of Run-off depends on Physical Characteristics of catchment Region
As per Table 4.1 of IRC SP:13-2004
P= 0.3

6 Estimation of Rainfall Intensity lasting for tc hr duration

Critical or Design Intensity (Ic )
Ic = 9.60 cm/hr

5 Intensity and spread of storm (f)

The larger the area considered, the smaller would be the mean intensity of the considered area
Mean intensity is some inverse function of the size of area under consideration
As per IRC:13 2004, a factor f is multiplied to critical/design intensity to calculate mean intensity
f = 0.67 (ref. as per fig 4.2 of IRC SP:13-2004)

6 Estimation of Max. Run-off (Q) (ref. as per eq. 4.12 of IRC SP:13-2004)
Q= 0.028*(P)*(f) *(A) *(I )
Q = 730 cumecs
 (1) Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Method
(A) FLOOD ESTIMATION
Name and number of
Western Himalayas Subzone 7
subzone
Existing Chainage -
Proposed chainage 43+943
River/Stream Huini River
Type MINOR Bridge

(1) By Unit Hydrograph Method

Step : - 1 Determination of Physiographic Parameter

Area, A = 135.00 sq km
Length of longest stream, L = 22.28 km
Length of main stream from bridge gauging site to a point nearest
10.20 km
to centriod of the stream basin along stream course, Lc
=

Equivalent stream slope

Reduced Distance Starting

the Datum Line and its R.L

From Bridge Site (Point of

Length of Each Segment

(Di)=Difference Between
Reduced Level of River

Height Above Datum*

Li x (Di-1 + Di) (m*km)

(Di-1 + Di) (m)
Study) (km)

(Li) (km)
Bed (m)
Sl No

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (m) (6) (7)

1 0.00 807.00 - - - -
2 2.50 928.00 2.50 121.00 121.00 302.50
3 5.00 1013.00 2.50 206.00 206.00 515.00
4 7.50 1088.00 2.50 281.00 281.00 702.50
5 10.00 1158.00 2.50 351.00 351.00 877.50
6 12.50 1250.00 2.50 443.00 443.00 1107.50
7 15.00 1395.00 2.50 588.00 588.00 1470.00
8 17.50 1588.00 2.50 781.00 781.00 1952.50
9 20.00 1937.00 2.50 1130.00 1130.00 2825.00
10 22.28 2322.00 2.28 1515.00 1515.00 3454.20
SUM 22.28 13206.70

(*) Reduced level of river bed at the point of study, i.e. 807m

S = [Sum(Li x (Di-1 + Di))]/L2

= 26.61 m/km
Step : - 2 Determination of Synthetic (1-hr) Unitgraph Parameterrs
Time from the center of Unit rainfall duration to the peak of Unit Hydrograph
tp = 2.498*(L*Lc/S)^0.156
= 3.491 hrs
say 3.50 hrs
Peak discharge of hydrograph per unit area
qp = 1.048*(tp)^-0.178
= 0.839 cumecs per sq km
Width of U. G. measured at 50% maximum discharge ordinate
W 50 = 1.954*(L*Lc/S)^0.099
= 2.416 hrs
say 3.00 hrs
Width of U. G. measured at 75% maximum discharge ordinate
W 75 = 0.972*(L*Lc/S)^0.124
= 1.268 hrs
say 2.00 hrs
Width of the rising side of U. G. measured at 50% of maximum discharge ordinate
W R50 = 0.189*W50^1.769
= 0.90 hrs
say 1.00 hrs
Width of the rising side of U. G. measured at 75% of maximum discharge ordinate
W R75 = 0.419*W75^1.246
= 0.56 hrs
say 0.50 hrs
Base width of Unit Hydrograph
TB = 7.845*tp^0.453
= 13.84 hrs
say 14 hrs
Time from start of rise to the peak of unit hydrograph
Tm = tp + tr/2
= 4 hrs
Peak discharge of Unit Hydrograph
Qp = qp * A
= 113.25 cumecs
say 110.00 cumecs
Step : - 3 Drawing of Synthetic Unitgraph
Estimated parameter of Unitgraph in step-2 were plotted to scale. The plotted points were joined to draw synthetic
unitgraph. The discharge ordinates of unitgraph at ti=tr=1 hr interval were summed up and compared with the
volume of 1.00 cm direct runoff

1-hr
Synthetic UNIT HYDROGRAPH
Time (in hrs)
U.G.
ordinates 120
0.00 0
1.0 20 100
2.0 50

DISCHARGE, CUMECS
3.0 110 80
4.0 70
5.0 50 60
6.0 38
7.0 28 40
8.0 19
9.0 13 20
10.0 10
11.0 7 0
12.0 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
13.0 2 TIME, HOURS
14.0 0
Sum 422 cumecs ……1
Sum(Qi) = (A*d)/(tr*0.36)
= 375 cumecs ……2
Since Eq-1 = Eq-2, so unitgraph drawn is MORE OR LESS IN order

Step : - 4 Estimation of design storm duration

The design storm duration
TD = 1.1 * tp
= 3.85 hrs
Say 4.00 hrs
Step : - 5 Estimation of point rainfall and areal rainfall
100-yr, 24-hr rainfall = 32.00 cm (From Plate-9)
Ratio of 4-hr rainfall to 24-hr rainfall = 0.650 (from Fig-3)
So, 100-yr 4-hr point rainfall = 20.80 cm
Areal reduction factor corresponding to area 135sq km and TD=4 hrs
= 0.903 (From Annexure 4.2)
So, 100-yr 4-hr areal rainfall = 18.78 cm
Step : - 6 Time distribution of Areal Rainfall and Calculation of Rainfall Excess

This 100-yr 4-hrs areal rainfall is distributed as below (from Annexure 4.1)

Storm Design Rainfall

Distribution Hourly Rainfall
Duration (hrs) Rainfall Loss Rate Excess
coefficient Increament (cm)
(cm) (cm/hr) (cms)
1 0.62 11.65 11.65 0.50 11.15 #REF!
2 0.82 15.40 3.76 0.50 3.26 #REF!
3 0.94 17.66 2.25 0.50 1.75 #REF!
4 1 18.78 1.13 0.50 0.63 #REF!
Note: Design loss rate in this zone is recommended as 0.50 cm/hr

Step : - 7 Estimation of base flow

The design base flow

qb = 0.0500 cumec per sq km
Total base flow
Qb = 6.75 cumecs

Step : - 8 Estimation of 100-yr Flood Peak

For the estimation of the peak discharge the effective rainfall units were re-arranged against the ordinates such that
the maximum effective rainfall was placed against the maximum U.G. ordinates, the next lower value of effective
rainfall against the next maximum discharge value and so on.

1-hr Direct
U.G. Ordinates
effective Runoff
(cumec)
rainfall (cm) (cumecs)
50 0.63 31.35
110 11.15 1225.96
70 3.26 227.95
50 1.75 87.69
Total = 1573.0 cumecs
Base Flow = 6.75 cumecs
100-yr peak flood = 1579.70 cumecs say 1580 cumecs
 Area - Velocity Method

Major Bridge at - 43+943

Location at- 43+943
Cross section: AT Bridge
Design HFL = 810.240 m Lowest Bed Level= 808.174 m

Mean Depth of water Distance between Sectional Level Difference Wetted

River Bed
Chainage (m) HFL - RBL (m) between adjacent the adjacent Area, XD between adjacent X2 Y2 X2 + Y2 perimeter, P
Level (m)
points, D (m) points, X (m) (sq.m.) points, Y (m) (m)

-17.985 815.816 -5.576

-17.021 815.567 -5.327

-14.791 815.55 -5.310

-12.854 814.014 -3.774

-9.819 810.617 -0.377

-9.545 810.519 -0.279

-9.116 810.275 -0.035

-6.381 811.5 -1.260

-2.36 808.22 2.020 0.380 4.021 1.53 -3.280 16.17 10.75840 26.93 5.19

-1.18 808.197 2.043 2.031 1.180 2.40 -0.023 1.39 0.00053 1.39 1.18

0 808.174 2.066 2.055 1.180 2.42 -0.023 1.39 0.00053 1.39 1.18

1.022 810.279 -0.039 1.014 1.022 1.04 2.105 1.04 4.43103 5.48 2.34

4.817 809.681 0.559 0.260 3.795 0.99 -0.598 14.40 0.35760 14.76 3.84

5.068 809.663 0.577 0.568 0.251 0.14 -0.018 0.06 0.00032 0.06 0.25

5.319 809.089 1.151 0.864 0.251 0.22 -0.574 0.06 0.32948 0.39 0.63

5.705 809.075 1.165 1.158 0.386 0.45 -0.014 0.15 0.00020 0.15 0.39

7.314 809.761 0.479 0.822 1.609 1.32 0.686 2.59 0.47060 3.06 1.75

8.171 811.003 -0.763

12.015 814.924 -4.684

SUM 13.70 10.50 16.74

CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF RIVER= 10.50 SQ.M.

WETTED PERIMETER = 16.74 M
WATER SPREAD AT HFL= 13.70 M Average depth of flow= 1.017 m
HYDRAULIC RADIUS = 0.63 M
AVERAGE SLOPE OF RIVER = 0.04746 M/M
VELOCITY IN RIVER = 3.99 M/SEC
DISCHARGE IN THE RIVER = 41.90 CUMECS

Adopted Design Discharge value is average of the discharges obtained from the other two cross sections.
Design Discharge, Q = 110.02 cumecs

817

816

815

814

813 HFL =812.240 M

812

811

810

809

808
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
 Area - Velocity Method

Major Bridge at - 43+943

Location at- 43+943
Cross section: 50 m u/s
Design HFL = 812.613 m Lowest Bed Level= 810.547 m

Mean Depth of Distance Level Difference

Sectional
River Bed water between between the between Wetted
Chainage (m) HFL - RBL (m) Area, XD X2 Y2 X2 + Y2
Level (m) adjacent points, adjacent adjacent points, perimeter, P (m)
(sq.m.)
D (m) points, X (m) Y (m)

-11.403 813.777 -1.164

-8.05 812.808 -0.195

-6.55 811.377 1.236

-2.435 810.782 1.831 1.534 4.115 6.31 -0.595 16.93 0.35402 17.29 4.16

0 810.547 2.066 1.949 2.435 4.74 -0.235 5.93 0.05523 5.98 2.45

2.815 810.956 1.657 1.862 2.815 5.24 0.409 7.92 0.16728 8.09 2.84

7.14 811.572 1.041 1.349 4.325 5.83 0.616 18.71 0.37946 19.09 4.37

8.81 811.37 1.243 1.142 1.670 1.91 -0.202 2.79 0.04080 2.83 1.68

11.152 812.365 0.248 0.746 2.342 1.75 0.995 5.48 0.99003 6.47 2.54

17.577 813.443 -0.830

21.183 813.971 -1.358

SUM 17.70 25.78 18.04

CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF RIVER= 25.78 SQ.M.

WETTED PERIMETER = 18.04 M
WATER SPREAD AT HFL= 17.70 M Average depth of flow= 1.430 m
HYDRAULIC RADIUS = 1.43 M
AVERAGE SLOPE OF RIVER = 0.04746 M/M
VELOCITY IN RIVER = 6.91 M/SEC
DISCHARGE IN THE RIVER = 178.14 CUMECS

815

814

HFL =812.613 M
813

812

811

810
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
 CLEAR WATER-WAY CALCULATIONS

A) Lacey Width, W = (4.8*Q^0.5) m

Design Flood, Q = 165 cumecs

Therefore, W = 61.66 m
Lacey's Equation shall not be taken into account as it only considers the discharge of the
river. The equation does not take into consideration the return period for which discharge
is calculated and also the type of river bed material.

B) CWC Requirement= 8.95 * Q^(1/3) m

Design Flood, Q = 165 cumecs

Therefore, W = 49.09 m

C) Water spread at HFL between banks= 18.49 m

D) Proposed Waterway, L = 40.00 m

E) Clear Waterway = 38.2 m

Number of piers proposed = 0 no.
Width of pier proposed= 0 m
Width of abutment in flow area = 0.9 m

F) Design Velocity= Q/A

Cross Sectional Area of flow=
A= 26.806 sq.m. Average depth of flow @HFL,m= 1.012
V= 6.16 m/sec

G) Discharge Intensity, q= Q/Clear Waterway

q= 4.32 cumecs/m
 AFFLUX CALCULATIONS
INPUT DATA:
A) Unobstructed Cross Sectional area of flow= 28.83 sq.m.
B) Width of flow at HFL, W= 18.49 M
C) Design flood = 165 cumecs
D) Proposed Waterway, L = 40.00 m
E) Depth of water Downstream of Bridge, Dd= 28.83/18.49
= 1.56 m
F) High Flood Level, HFL = 811.350 m

CALCULATIONS:
By the Weir Formula, the discharge through the bridge is given by,

Q  1.706  CW  L  H 3 / 2
CW = 0.94 (FOR NARROW BRIDGES WITH OR WITHOUT FLOORS)
(REFER IRC: SP:13-2004)

Therefore, H= 1.878 m
2
u
H  Du   Du
2g
or
Du = 1.878 m

Now, Q = W x Du x u
Therefore, u= 4.75 m/sec
Velocity head, u2/2g= 1.152 m

So, Du= 0.73 m

Afflux, h= -0.83 m
Design HFL= 811.350 m
Adopt HFL= 811.350 m

A MINIMUM free board of 0.9 m shall be sufficient between the road deck
and HFL INCLUDING AFFLUX.
 HEC- RAS OUTPUT SUMMARY

Q Total Min Ch El W.S. Elev Crit W.S. E.G. Elev E.G. Slope Vel Chnl Flow Area Top Width
Reach River Station Profile Froude # Chl
(m3/s) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m/m) (m/s) (m2) (m)
43+943 MNBR 50 PF 1 110 810.55 812.16 812.75 814.05 0.047477 6.09 18.05 18.02 1.94
43+943 MNBR 50 PF 2 165 810.55 812.46 813.25 814.92 0.047508 6.94 23.78 19.42 2
43+943 MNBR 50 PF 3 730 810.55 814.25 815.76 819.5 0.04746 10.15 71.91 32.59 2.18
43+943 MNBR 50 PF 4 1580 810.55 815.79 818.49 825.27 0.047472 13.64 121.97 32.59 2.25

43+943 MNBR 4.37 PF 1 110 808.17 810.96 811.31 812.25 0.02716 5.03 21.91 16.38 1.38
43+943 MNBR 4.37 PF 2 165 808.17 811.35 811.82 813.04 0.027856 5.77 28.83 18.49 1.44
43+943 MNBR 4.37 PF 3 730 808.17 814.26 815.2 817.83 0.015907 8.56 91.83 24.52 1.29
43+943 MNBR 4.37 PF 4 1580 808.17 816.85 818.55 823.13 0.015991 11.64 164.07 30 1.4

43+943 MNBR -4.18 PF 1 110 806.84 811.09 811.09 812.09 0.015519 4.45 25.03 13.04 1.01
43+943 MNBR -4.18 PF 2 165 806.84 811.74 811.74 812.99 0.013994 4.97 33.85 13.92 1
43+943 MNBR -4.18 PF 3 730 806.84 815.93 815.93 818.45 0.008999 7.26 111.23 22.98 0.93
43+943 MNBR -4.18 PF 4 1580 806.84 819.66 819.66 823.94 0.008597 9.69 202.54 24.78 0.98

43+943 MNBR -50 PF 1 110 807.07 808.54 809.15 810.66 0.069683 6.46 17.04 21.19 2.3
43+943 MNBR -50 PF 2 165 807.07 808.77 809.58 811.6 0.069651 7.45 22.14 22.08 2.38
43+943 MNBR -50 PF 3 730 807.07 810.37 812.19 817.15 0.063553 11.54 63.26 29.33 2.51
43+943 MNBR -50 PF 4 1580 807.07 812.11 815.03 822.53 0.051632 14.3 116.36 30.48 2.34