CHAPTER 37

CHANGE OF NARRATIOI\
I. WHAT IS NARRATION
firu< swfr ry s
He says, "l am a boy." (m aq, 'ff.i q-sB Tlq:s")
4slfr[s He says-v(-tb*{ <Ecq qrsj-{ <oi r ft-q I am a boy-vir,fF 6{
nqrsi'I,,!ft,.h<r.rsF fr[sT< 4RFT frcs FIIT e-qr< <rq.eq ft-osrt; <.s] &
ocffftrs qksE qqlr{ qrq {rT6e r qdtq, <cl q-$ qF-q.{ st RfiRq qRtcfi
(directlv)st EEs or< ftni $'rs rq, frre< l-s +r< <I frcer< wil nqrysr+
qMlE 4l .r <'s'trrt< qQ Rq erol"rrs 16{ clirect
narration {l direct speech $
cx-srm Eft; I

ftq A <-w<JFrs {fr qrlm S,r{rfiv <D-<i Er-

He says that he is a boy. (m <FI C{ CC q<rqq <ms t)
\Ft{,'.q *El 6<f<t} TIT 6{ c{fi c.rrs <ffiE <wl sl.r
ft.rsr{ sl-{.ls <-ira r

<E-sfr cq asfffr <rErR (T am a boy',) st q <lsrfrcs q<E ccg qr{ f{e, qsE
<-s<i qq e-it*{ ftq--]ITq r <lr+f qtr{q B"f{"Fm T6{ indirect speech <l indirect
narration A 9l[{l iPEG r

o+ft eq$frc$ c

s'i-aaa $qiq{4 crlcsq *i?-\r]t< {<lTE

"|i<q f,rt clirect speech-q< CS qs}|fB
Ts{ fiffi qrE Ei-{ "tt3 q?fr Tq (,)irry (Girt{ s He says,} q<q cq qry Cst{
<r"fur m mqff{ qEqqm tr,c< El inverted comma (', ')-,st< E-c<l qrs (ffry{ s
"-i am a boy--"!
Two concepts (Et $<qI)
Indirect speech-€i CS qS-itr*{ {sd iiXsT <Cq sTn verb-(T ECfl reporting
verb" fiIi; I-{e sagrs, "l am a boy."_.TlTTFf\t says ff reporting verb.
qeR'fffi <\6] qelcT'{ S.l_{l B-{F Cs qi{ffi
{{q WE qC< \$'irc {f4 reported
speech. 6{:Ff, He says, "I am a boy."-{'lC{l ,,1 am a boy.,,_V$F qf4t
reported speecir. 4R reported speech q< {C{j 6{ verb fr S.rfq (am) v[f+
Tf{ the verb of the reported speech T-l reported speech eK verb.
ql{s qfi-{ q€TK qktf fr(D-it exercise F <'-< r EI{FT narration ftrlfs sr,s
sl?s qlRIEl 6{flR q-d-$R Ec{ qt, firffiE {Kc{
r
 664 A Passage to the English Language

EXERCISEI WqR t{ct sir B

1. Mimi said to Hirni, "l am very tired."
(a) <ffi d{E
- speech.
(b)<TsiFCs reporiing verb {Cfl-
(c) <t-qfrCs reported speech Q1f,f-
2. He said that he was hungry. (TqTs) {$IF qSfr
Ans. 1. (a) direct (b) said (cJ "t arir -speech.
tired." 2. indiiect

IT. RULES REGUARDII{G THE CHANGE OF NARRATION

Ge {k{e{ q(qts ftr{ffi)
S"lc3K exercisefr or<ql qfr or< qF+ sfqrq frcu-< fix'qerfl {ikg cs.l.{li
q-$qq \ndRq Em q'1, qvqft swi sr{s cRT6q-{s q-<-oR qr{ 4l I

t (a) Rules for Changing Persons : ({+l "iR--<e-r{n FR{)

ftrr-* ctqltr ru e
I say to you, '1 am well." (qfr cqllrs<fr,"mqqq1Q i")
,{E <ffi {{ direct speech. q6s sfr indirect speech-4 m"figRE F-fl $I
El{(E\51etr{*
I say to you that I am wetl. (sr|ft 6EN.rs <fr m q,tfr vfq qfQ r)
tTcRTs[, reported speech ("1 am well")-qT lSl3tt {lt-S
{<flm q6uq 6qQ
R]fu aF I said-€:l '1". Tqfi( €Q reported speech-4K 'f"-E {ffi qgfi r qfi
<rTltsCs s-sIK G',{ W-
I say that he is well.
q-q6q st ft+ e9 c.| 1 al{{, ffi \5 ql{r{ TqlQ <-{&, sR (he) oqfi <qR I,| r

ftq fu6'd a1-q'q'S "tg e

Direct : He said, "I am well.
lndirect : He said that he was well. q.l'lT{ ft-q reported speech-€F
"t" ft indirect-q "he',-(s qR,{fu qrr c'lE I q{
{<rrq qfr
ftq?fnq {Rq 65-a qR qffis-{tEE rftEqq-*ER d--sF
qqfr r .aqrdl.qE "ro-q"-< E-€-{ qlq<l DEqF-R d.r@-.{ ${fiq
&<r
Rute-il Reported speech-€l Ist. person (1, we) w{fl reporting
verb-€{ subject-4i nurnber (singular TIfu plural}, gender (maserrline {lk
feminine ffi), €Ki person (l"st. person tilfr Zna person tflft 3r4
person)-q{ryfK qffisq* i

C{rl{ 3 He says, "I am well"

(rlk;T reported speech ECFt-l I am well."
{s-fi( qK 1st person = I
Reportpg verb Etr4l says. sl subject R:{t He.
E"tr<< fiqT calrs qtq't <lrs c{ He-qi person € number s gender q{cR" I
€31 person € number 13 gender Rtr{ t He Rfl 3rd person-4K; ,,i"
T-s{t(
 Grammar : Change of Narration 667

"iffi qcT qC{'he'; q1-4-3 "He" {f, masculine gender-€3T; {qflR.I-q< q6{
she {:l-6{ 4l i he-{'K{ r vRrE E{f<< direct speech-fr{ indirect
qef {tr{ s

He savs that he is well.

Reported speech-€K 2nd person (You) {'fi':lll reporting
verb-€R object-43 number, gender, s person q-fl1C{ "ifr{ff6 Ss r

C{Ta, She says to Karim, "I am well and you are unwell."
Rule-l q-{$ft <I$TE< reported speech-€i I (1st person) qffi qcs
{C{ she, Tl3lci reporting verb-9F subject {6{'f she (Rule-1
q< {ICcl ql
r,L ?
Tcfierq.l frR-cr cnq r) EIefE indirect speech RC{ I

She savs to Karim that she is well and you are unwell.
ftE <fffi cfts CTIR r Wtr q-on-* <ITCR you-€< {c{i Rule-ii ,-{8 I
qrqrRq${Ffir41
puln;i qf(<-s-{f<
'i9 t Rule-ii qC$r{ E"f6{< direct speech-q K
reported speech fr <un "l am well and you are unwell." €Ig 2nd person-
frqffil 'you'. Reporting verb-says-€( object {6{l "Karim". Rule-ii Tcq fi
reported speech-(i "You"-4i person €Ti gender {6{ Karim-43 person (
gender q-fTlC< t gdlR you-{R {6{ he il Karim <Tf{ I EIqfE indirect speech-
frqc< e

says to that she rs we

says to-q< Efr{cd teil <llcql {1T llqTfl qr[ efin.R Fr"r< |

s"{<firu-<Eqlq<"lerEl filrl Rule-i s Rule-ii "rFsl6<qlTgFr<l4l€ e

Dir. : Kamal said to me, "l am your friend".
.:-
Ind. : Kamal said to me that he was my friend.
llllu
(q?fird'i El*l e{R-dl qcvcq cq qE 1ffi{m Rule-i qTT[< q<( iisKt cq{F
qC{Cq c qF Rule-ii q-s4lr< cssFs ccr-a l)
Dir. : They said to him, "We have seen you."
.ln(l.:---:-
Thev said to him that they had seen him
: T
llllll
Dir. : Mother said to you, "What is your name?'
Ind. : Mother asked y9g what yqur name was.
l1 ll
Dir. : Shilpi said to me, "l know your father?"
Ind. : Shilpi told me that she knew my father.
iiiiii
S"nr< <r+ierqt ftsR< 'fffs qE q frcl N< cl, qEI 65lq<1q<'R't "rc<
fu6s ox-a6 I qE idlm E{ Rule-i s Rule-ii q< erffiltl {lno "naQ +c€ r

r (b) n"1." f"" Ch""gl

(Tense {ffi T-d< fua)
tr"t.=il Reporting verb-€K tense present KI future Q,'(4 reported
speech-€K verb-4lt tense-€K c+1-{ "iffi {s { r
 662 A Passage to the English Language
Rq-{ e Dir. : He says to me. "l can do it."
present present
Ind. : He says to me that he can do it.

Dir. : He,{ill say ,,1dtd not gj;::::

tuture' oast
Ind. : He will say that he did not go there.

Enrq<{ cqm *t?R c<trfi firq 6{ Rur"-il?u+sj r

err{ {rslfrn direct
speech-(i reporting verb {[-{l says-{-{ tense {C{1 present tense. gi-{l
{
direct4(i indirect Bs{ speech-€ can do-€it q$i R"l <ft (could do {rql ql)
,{9T{ frfr{ {lCSi reporting verb e({i will say (future
tense).
{pKl( direct 4TR. indirect Bv-'{ speech-q did not go_€TQ nt{ (past
tense).
lndirect-( had not gong, have not gone <t q {{.cfi {I q-q6q
€TFt Rule-iii gVqffi
fu <Wm r
r

iKule-ivl Reporting verb past tense_€i <E ,npoitna .p"n.f,_e

verb "iffi {6ttr corresponding (q{m1) past tense RT I

Corresponding pas
mnt-< E"f< (over all) Vd qq1 (Q C{, reporting verb-€i
tense past 1"nss qr{
reported speech-€i verb-€F tense {lE 6{s cs-{ gl indirect speech_€
il
€$F past tense-( << I fuq 6€Ft tense-€t verb CsFt {i-6frt past
"fra-tr
tense-€ K"ilgR-e- qr<EI firu-{ qrs-{ qtqirq Cq{-{ {q s

Reporting verb-€l tense past tense {-al

direct speech-r{K. i"a"*t.p"".f*.d

reported speech-4R + l^Nl
I 'fRFlFs\o-
ri {(T I -> Es verb-€K I

verb(i tense tense QC{

I

-,@@
I

Present indefinite
Present continuous -+lPast c;tir;ousl
tfi'*'G;'f":!; -logrtl)e""ctl
Pre. per{. continuous Past perf. continuous

E'"aa1@
lPart ..rtir"r.*l Past perfect continuous
N.B. B"lcT{ sifr'+t c+r+ c{f<[ {fcq c{ past perfect €(( past pertect
continuous tense flffiETTI t
 Grammar : Change of Narration 663

@
Ed
trCht1
Examples :
Dir. : He said_ "1 eat rice."
pastpres. ind.
Ind" : He __ggrd_* that he ate rice.

q.nr?r, nut qffio#*&d"*. E"#HHHa16qfrfrrn 6nar

Dir. : He said "l am eating rice."
1

pail ina. pres cont.

Ind" : He said that he was eating rice.
dat rna: past cont.
Dir : He said "l have sslsn rice."
past ind. '. prefi;il:
Ind : He said that he had eaten rice.
past fiA past perf.
Dir : He said "l have been eating rice."
Fast tna. ' pres. pdT. cont.
Ind : He said that he had been eating rice
past ind. past perfect.cont
Dir : He said "l ate rice."
past fiil' past inil
Ind" He said thai he rice.
h26[ s31sn
past fia. past perf.
Dir : He said "l was eating rice."
past ind. -pasi- cont
Ind : He said that he had been eating rice
past ind. past peif;ont.
* Dir : He said ,'l had eaten rice".
p"rt i"d ' paslpetr
Ind. : He said that he Frad eaten rice.
p*r ina. past perf.
* Dir : He said "l had been eating rice".
-pa" ina. ' pasiftimont
Ind : He said that he had been eating rice.
past ind. past €rTcont.
B. vr<-s] F< cnea1, BqR{q Et vl-{-\r11-{ 6q?t I 6q?tCE? 'fioQ C{ past
€ past perfect continuous tense-€3t C+l;t 4ffi ET
"fl r

* I\IOTE em : Shall,^wi"il,. can, make (causatiye R{lC{) let, dare ({Eq r-fiF
irffi unrb qfr<ffg qrEs €m<
"l<-<-S verb-,ri< colq {R-<-6{ e{ al r

Dir: He said to me " I shall do it.

Ind : He told me that he would do it.

v
 664 A passage to the English Language
45F.r T3, shall {ffi ft-q ysr6 ,do_€K
{C$[q v,,su16-q .cR
'ffffi Cs]T
"tffiqsfr I

Dir : Rahim said "Kamal will eat rice,,

Ind : Rahim said that Kamal wluld eat rice.

v
Dir : I said to you "l shall do it

Ind : I told you that I shoulX do it.

Dir : Lila said to Bella "l canmake it."

t
Ind : Lila told Bella ihat she (lil) could make it.

Dir: You said "l make chairs work

-ugi..Y
Ind : You said that you jtiuirr*ork
-.d. by magic.

€r$c{ make qd T-n' {s; +iBro * agt*^ wd r efr qq1 fi1-q un.6-
q{qlcrt<Fl-qEE{ I c$FI S

I work
otc+fr r

I make him wgrk_ffig.nnfirl+.rers-<lE

r

tY" book-erR .csB<qftR I

I made him buy a book-ETfr EIr$ frrs qTB

V
<l ffiEm ffi r

Dir: He said io me "Let me sleep."

Ind : He told me to let him sleJp.

Dir : He said to me. "l dare notdo it.

Ind : He told me that he durnd nJt do it.

Correct the following :

1. Dir He said to me, "Let me ,"! th" book.,,
Ind He told me to let him saw the book.
2. Dir Rima said, "l shall buy the book."
Ind Rima said that she will bought the book.

Ileported speech-€ must {l?FC{ €T( reporti-g u"rUl"ri

tense-€i {C-{€ indirect speech-€ must €R afl{ 4R-<\f4 qI CI I qFfR
ffiq
<I{f] ll C<1-<fCS musr-€R RTFI had to RI{eu Efe- qIr< I Examples :
 Grammar , Change of Narration 665

Dir Kalim said, "l must go there."

Ind Kalirn said that he had to go there"
Dir Rima said, "Kamal must have his car repaired.'
Ind Rima said that Kamal had to frave his car repaired.
Dir The teacher said, "Students must obey their teachers."
Ind The teacher said that students must obey their teachers.
Dir Biva said to Eva, "You must suffer a loss if you are not an
ef{icient (qE) manager."
Ind : Biva said to Eva that she (Eva) must suffer a loss if she (E)
were not an efficierri manaoer.
csl{ Fasq {sl (universal truth) (l
:t'i''
:::.. Rule-vi Reported speech {fr
qsJl{'lE I9l (habitual faci) effl"l Fr{ sRaE reporting verb-€K tense iJt
6Q-s { 6€{, reported speech-g< verb-€K tense-€i C$]{ 1ffi {6{ 4l r

Examples :
Dir: Mina said, "tvery day I read newspapers.
Ind : Mina said that everyday she.reads newspapers.
€ellcr read-verbF qo"F qsilq$e c-sl {-d]ruq { Mina Efufr-{ T'6T {lrs I

qRK\in q{fr; present

{w<l\ indirect speech-€ verb fr< tense-4i C€l{
indefinite-t TcKq r

Dir : The teacher said, "The earth moves round the sun."
Ind : The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun (universal
truth {<fl-6q 1)
Dir : He said, "Every rnother loves her children."
Ind : He said that every mother loves her children.
Dir: The old rnan said, "Necessity knows no law."
Ind : The old man said that necessity knows no law.
(necessity knows no law = ef6$9-{ 6oi4 q?4 slc{ TI t)
Dir : The professor said, "A hungry man wants {ood."
Ind : Tl-re professor said that a hungry man wants food.
Rule Direct speech-€i xffi indirect speech-€ Rr{.Cl
-vii]
tffi* qLT <r<qu q-q s

Direct speech-,{ {fr all-rs s efq(q indirect-speech-€ {C-{ 3

now-4fi then_vrl{
here-4{|f,{ there-C{:{16{
lfiis-€{E that-&F
11"rn5s-qQefr those-&efr
ago-9fcsi before-9lC{
hence-qrll-C{ Cqlrs thence-C{cltfi Cclrs
hither-€rll-c{/€frrs thither-firllf,Vc{frr+
thus-€sl[-{ so,/in that way-cqslGl
come-9t{l go-{leXI
today-9fq that day-C{fr+
 666 A passage io the English Language
this day-gfq
to night-qfe that day_cafr+
RIC-$
that night_ccq <ks
tomorrow-qT$Sstq the next day/the following day_
yesterday-{s-O|q "i<fiT
the previous day/the day before-
qkrt{ frT
last night-efe-ffCu
the night before/the previous
nextday/weak./year-ffiq/t6ffig thefollowingO"r/*""il?::;ffif,
yesterday
rnorning,/af ternoon,/evening thn p.nri"j:,'l
tomorrow morninglevening etc. , morning,/afternoonfevening
the following morning,/eveninf,
Examptres :
etc.
Pir. : ,'l
He said to me, am happy now.,,
Ind. : He told me tnit.he;Jil;o';-t'h"".
Dir. : He showed me the pl;;";5';i.ll:,i found
the pen here.,,
Ind. , me the'place-anilJi tnut h; *-fr;;J-,in
Ii:**ed p"n
Dir. : Shuma said io Ruma, ,'l have found this
book here today.,,
Ind. : Shuma told Ruma that she
frl il"Jf"r"i iiat book there that
duy.
Dir. : The president said, ,,Two clays ago a member
came to me. not yesterday , ind h-e v"rill again of the club
tomorrow. " come to me
Ind. : The president said ihat.two days before
a member of the club
had.gone to him, not.the pr;i;-;"-v,'una
go to him the following day. he would again

€sqq 31u' F*rE

@!vt-qaffi*@
q,ue qrn il{." Eer v1-q6q 666q
gT e Eg<em
"rs r
"'
Question-l.
Dir. : He said, "The earth is round.,,
Ind. : He said that the earth *"" iouna.
{R indirect speech-4i was-verb m
V* *,
Answer: Rule-vi 6Trl t

Question-2.
Dir. : Shuman said, "l will do it.,,
Ind. : Shuman said that he *outa aia it.
€?06{ indirect speech_€i did_verb
fi qn co-ll
Answer: Rule-iv €i Note fi{ t

Question-3.
Dir. : Karim said to Bithi, "i have mei your father.,,
Ind. : Karim told Bithi tnat t nad *niiiirl f^tfrnr.
4rJl6{ indirect speech-.€ i € yourW
i+ql.qrq-{ tR-<.66ftE|+q-sqr<?
Answer : Rule- i s Rula-ii iq"t, -
 Grammar : Change of Narration 667

Question-4.
Dir. : You said, "l am reading."
Ind. : You said that you are reading. {{16{ indirect speech-4 are-
verb fr<3qsqftTqrql
Answer: Rule-iv 64rl t

Qusetion-S. Dir. : Mother said, 'l have cooked rice."

lnd. : Mother said that she has ccoked rice.
€1116{ indirect speech-€ has-sT {fu 6E;a 1-ffi qIE a-ffi fF qsr
Answer: Rule-iv firl t

Question-6.
Dir. : You said, "l know it."
Ind. : You had said that you knew it."
q{fci{ indirect speech fr Yq Csti?
Answer : €8 indirect speechft qE sf{q €re direct speech-€3
reporting verb €K tense-flffi s-fl qcTCQ I Indirect speech-€ cf1;T€
q<{rst reporting verb qi tense-€K 6qfa qm q{ q] 1

rcEs6{ qlrl-<l direct speech-6$ indirect speech-€ {RKtrs T-<T{ frq RR

qt{Rq R'{T cq-rlEF r Narration-€it qcls qf(EfD-{t frc+q ere Q?FFI sentence-e{K
narration "fffi +-<t-< fi'sm< l.c<l qrrrs{tfr fifu r qt qll-{t q{4 st ftslRs
ql;K r

III. ASSERTIVE SENTENCES

qlr{ ft x"r{ qi?R \o? €< qd qE fr-{fu{Ts <lq; qfiq cq
Assertive sentence
<lcsi csl{ ftq {scs sotr R.ffi fi{t q-{ TIE q-rs {CFl assertive sentence. eft
negative € affirmative eQ {q effi< q'F 4f< I Assertive <lfS}ll CS'|{ direct
speech c$ indirect speech-c{ qRqs +<re CcE foT-{ frrq er{I qlF<ci T-{-co
Q$3
(1) Reporiing verb say to <l q< q{t f,SF tense q< Sq q{ qq[q'
{fr
indirect speech € say to q< {fE tell T4Is R{ t

(21 Repor',ing verb 4K subject e object (tr'f|fr) 4< "K €sft that {frcl
tr.k 'fC< reported speech 'g< Sel <cIcE
q-{ I

(3) Reported speech QK verb €F tense ,fR-{6c4< csrE {Cd qfralF\5

Rule-iv qf{<cl F<6s Qf< t

(4) Reported speech {fr ft-g{ c-sl <I qsl|-cfls qsl s-+T"l FC< \51{eE
t!{ qmift\o Rule-vi qq"6c1 }Kr E.u I

(5) q{iffl csrq qrfice 9;$FII Rule Eqq-<cf s-{"F etr< I

Examples :
Dir. : Moiher said, "Rice had been cooked."
Ind. : Mother said (told T{) that rice had been cooked.
(has been 6<T had been € s{l-gfrro qn'E];l tsg< c"fcs {c4 Ruie-iv
cq"{ r)
 668 A Passage to the English Language
Dir. : I say, "He gave me his book."
Ind. : I say that he gave me his book.
Dir. : Ram says to Sham, ',Halim will qo."
Ind. : Ram says to Sham that Halirn ,iill go.
(Reporting verb present tense €3r {'(uI reported speech
4i verb 4K
tense 1ffisffi r)
. Dir" Shuman will say, ',you are a fool.
Ind : Shuman will say that you are a fool.
(Reporting verb future tense 43r rcar reported Speech-€T
verb €i
tense "tffi Etfi r

Dir. : Alam said to Kalim, ,'l go home."

Ind. : Alam told Kalim that 6e (Alam) went home.
[Reporting verb past tense {i[ (said) R'c{ reported speech €i verb 'go'
4{ tense present indefinite (<16S past indefinite (went) € rl
Dir. : Shuma said io Bithi, "l am qoinq home."
Ind. : Shuma told Bithi that she iSti"'-"t was going home.
(Reporting verb past tense (R <'6{ (said) reported speech
€K am
going "ifr{ffi q[-T EE was going.)
Dir. : I said to Tareq, "l have eaten rice.,,
Ind. : I told Tareq that I had eaten rice.
(Reporting
verb past tense €i ?r'6{ reported speech €R have eaten
^
lffiqcgqmcqhad eaten.)
Dir. : They said to me, "We have been walking for an hour.,,
Ind. : They told me that they had been walktig to. u" nou..
(Reporting verb past tense €F;r'6{ reported speech €R have
been
walking {ffi qq had been walking € r)
Dir: Mother said to me, "l saw him;,
Ind : Mother told me that she had seen him.
(Reporting verb past tense-(i R'cat reported speech €K simpre past
"saw" ffi{riTe pasi perfect-€i "had seen'L€)
Dir. : Bill said to Mill, "l was working.',
Ind. : Bill told Millthat he had been working.
(Reporting verb past iense-€i {'C{ reported speech €i past
continuous "was working" T"l]gRE {Tfe past perfect continuous_€R ',had
been working"-€)
Dir. : Ratna said to panna. ',1 had seen him."
Ind. : Ratna told Panna that she had seen him.
_1rye"11d_Z"gh 1< verb past perfect tense-4i
r^ rEql4, {{ indirect speech-
flK<-sr E{ 1r r)
Dir. : Ratna said t6 Hira, "l had been reading the book for an hour
before I saw him."
Ind. : Ratna told Hira that she had been reading the book for an
hour before she had seen hirn.
(Reported speech-€i tense past perfect continuous
e6{ indirect
speech el? ffiT "tft3g-l<t+ r;
 Grammar : Change of Narration 669
Dir. : Bithi said to Jesmin, "l shall do it."
Ind. : Bithi told Jesmin that she (Bithi) should do it.
(Reporting verb past tense-€i ?['6{ reported speech €l shall indirect
speech-d should-€ "tR-<ffi q.T 1;
Dir. : Roni said to Bithi, "Biva will be cooking rice."
Ind. : Roni told Bitiri that Biva would be cooking rice.
Dir. : Ratna said to Hira, "l shall har,e done the work by b p.m.
Ind. : Ratna told Hira that she would have done the work by
5.p.m.
$fi€ Tql{€ direct speech-€ reporting verb TR E"tql"f+ Vf*t
{introductory portion) q-SgftFs allrs I €rTE 6q'fq frfyg frfiq direct speech-
cs indirect-€ S'llgR\o sTlS s
Dir. : Rahirn is a good boy.
lnd. : The speaker (<{FI) says that Rahim is a good boy.
Dir. : I wiil go there.
Ind" : The speaker say's that he (she) witl go there.
9r, The speaker said that he (she) would go there.
Dir. : We harre won the game.
Ind. : lhe players (speakers) said that they had won the game.
,f{K ficDT exercise fr oa r vlqrq qss"t ql ftc?E;r{ q|il.fi5 ,{cc sli< ,

Fill in the gaps.

1
L. Dir. You said, "l have seen him."
Ind-
2" Dir"
You said
Shuman said, - you"Mother
him.
-seenwas ill."
Ind. Shurnan said *-
.1_ Dir" - his mother ill"
Sultana said to Bithi, "l will help you."
Ind.
-she - help her.
Sr-rltana --Bithi
4. Dir. The teacher said, "The earth is round."
Ind. The ieacher said the earth
5. Dir. - round.
The driver said to-the passangers, "We are running
Khulna."
lnd" r If,". driver passangers ihat they running toward
Khulna. -the
Dir. Father will say to us, "You rnust gi: there."
Ind. Father will ---us that we- go there.
Dir. You will say, "l have seen him."
Ind. You will say you hini.
Ans. - that,
th9l, had 2. -seen
had been. 3. told, that, would 4. ihat, is
1
5. told, were 6. tell, must 7. that, have.

ry. II''ITERROGATtuE SEhITENCES

Interrogative sentence qkE Ef Gtsr$ qlsi r Direct speech-4T reported
speech {ft interrogative sentence qg ioC{ EIC-$ indirect-e {k{6o S-llTI q4i
s\e-.FecEl fixq q."{q.-{"f s-srs Eq r Rcu ct fr{'{erEt qmfl fiqrs r
 670 A passage to the English Language

@qtr Reported speech {fr interrogative sentence uu 6R."

reporting verb "said" u.[. "said to" indlrect speech-.{ 'ask,,
Els{'l), 'enqr.rire', 'wonder'" il want "''"- (qlor',-
demand,
'
to know_6s "iRqtr"ET I
cq{E r
Dir. : He said to me, ',What is your name?,,
Ind. : He asked me what my;#;';;:"
f;---_-*f
ry gIJ Reported speech {ft what, when, which, how, why,
,
,.* who' whom, whoever, whosever, why ever,
$:' wherever ffi qr-fl tsF q-R
t:' u,f{f,{ indirect speech-4 cqslfl q"iffi qflf-o r

C{8r{ E

f,lir. : He said to me, ',When will vou came?,,

Ind" : He asked rne when I in."iA'sr. "'
i-^_+i-_]
iFlfl{ 3 (3) : J Reported speech lft Etcgfe word ar{t S.Rl BS .fl qm
(sFI auxiliary verb tF E.l{fE indirect speech-€ if
qs I G'Eq
E"Ftrl RR ll whether TTeE
3

Dir. : She said to me, "WiIl you go there?,,

Ind. : She asked me ifZyn.t'frli i *ou]a'so tl.,"r".
g:[EeTHi o-<-q qrR ctqreq $q ft{r r)
Lry_1!1t,_ j Indirect speech-4 S.flffiv <f$l.qin interrogative a{t[s
ql; q-$L<"cq indirect speech L{.d
C{lEl-s Fe (, T.Cr{ i} i qqm
f.Xts Ef
indirecr_
€ auxiliary verb fr subject €-S lfn <.f{ I

iTiTq ig) , j Tense 4{( person c.qfu EqX.{ fr.aq qfcrf-{ q-.rt qt"-r{ I

Examples :
Dir. : I said to him, "What is your name?,,
Ind. : I asked him what his name wus.
fauxiliary verb 'is' 'was'-( tffi q6q name-noun F* "nr rc{'ce r fiq!
(4) cq"t tl
Dir. : Mitul said, "When did Jack go ?',
Ind" : Mitul asked when Jack had lone.
Dir. : Rina said to Runa, ',Why h*"-;;,
Ind" : Rina asked Runa why she ffiuna) f,uJdone it?,,
j"rn it.
Dir" : The teaclrer saiel "What witi happen
Ind. : The teacher asked what would happen ".,""2;;'
then.(Now "ffrEffi
€ then-€)
Dir. : Father said to me, "Which pen do you want ? ,,
Ind.
-: Father (enquired
E"n-<-<EqR{qerElrc "O
trF, qsr<K
urfr"J-_"'i"iri"n pen I wantecl.
vIETE
;; "e", EIrd.FIrE Frs, FC<&rE E?
frru< €qrqgqerEt 1S
L{-<t-<

Pit. ;: Shuman
r

Shuman said io Biva, ,,Will

trnd. vou do ii ?,,
asked Biva if (;h;ih;;i she would
do it.
 Grammar : Change of Narration 677
Dir. Bithi said to Riti, "Have you eaten rice ?"
Ind. Bithi asked Riti if (whethlr) she
Dir. Bt f,aa-eaten rice.
I uhin says to Ruhin, "Do vou studv ?"
Ind. Tuhin asks Ruhin if (whether) he (i) studies.
Dir. tsabu will say to Shabu, "Are you reading now
?,,
Ind. Babu will (ask) enquire of Shabu if
are reading then.
t**r'"iir"rl he (Shabu)
Dir. The rnan said to rne, "Do you know my name ?,,
lnd. The man asked me if (whether) I knew his name.
Dir. We said to them, "Can you do it ?,'
-';ai
Ind, We asked them if they could do it.

EXERCISEI FitI in the gaps.

1. Dir" : He said to the girl, "Do you know me?,,
Ind. : He girl in" m"* i,i*.
2. Pif. : We -the said to the boy. ,,Wharli vou father?,,
, Ind" : We asl<ed the boy _.his fathei was.
3. Dir. : She said, "Will Biva do itl;----'
Ind. : She --if Biva would do it.
4. Pit. : I say ro him, "Am i right?;
Ind. : I --him -i am righ?"
5. Dir. : He r,r,'ill say to me-, "Where is Vou home?,,
lnd. : He will _mv ho-o. i,'"-
6. DiI. : Father said -oftome the bov,l;Who Jru
Ind. : Father the boy _done it. - itZ,,
7. Pil. -
l\,!r. Roy said,
,'Clun
unyone do it?,,
l.d: ' Mr. Roy asked _anyone could do it.
^ :.1. asked, if 2. what 3. askld 4.-urf., ii S.-"enquire,
. lr",
asked, who had where 6.
7. if.
NOTE : Shall,/will;
T{s^crl{ q* rt TRIT csl{ vR{lv qrd56 E3tfrE indirect speech { ask
]sitfr-<{c{ wonder (qflqeil, A-n6[i"H*,
q<roq€$) ij{qtr*
a?qql q"drFi fisq qerrql qr I

c$F{ 3

Dir. : The boy said, "What shail I be in 199g?"

Ind. : The boy wondered what he would be in 199g.
Dir. : She said, "Where shall we he after 1,000 g,ears?,,
Ind. : She wondered where they would be'after'1,000
years.
Dir. : Thq man said, "Shall I live if there breaks out a great
rvar
in the country?"
Ind" : The man wondered if he would live if there
broke out a
great war in the country.
NOTE : Reported speech {ft inierrogative R.T i5.l{T4 indirect speech_€
that Tf{ dt I GTIFI s
Dir. : He said to me, "Can vou Co it?,,
Ind. (lnc.) : He asked me it lf i could do it"
"t
 672 A passage to ihe English Language
9or. :
Di{.
He asked me if I could do it.
: He said to Minu, 'Whil;ili you come?,,
Ind. (lnc.) : He-asked Minu that-'*ifr.r, she would
wvuru su'
Cor. : He asked Minu when,fil;id;":'re oo.

V. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
Imperative sentence $,lfS <f{ Sr{ Skq.g-?
Imperative sentence qq fCR
sentence Tl Ekl' ffiFI *ToT, q{rgt{,
g, es'€B sentence_
firqq ffi
q-$Ft TTI EK I q{ S_{CITR
<g?Eft?lqq qR
I Verb ftrg Bp qr (qlcq-t, q$-<.lcitiT cs.cq t)
I auxiliary verb ERt aF q{i (fim<-* fsre r)
R:l;l 3 C.o home. (rql&.i s <lSlB go_verb El-<l e*
{C-Trq t)
Do not run in ihe sun. ({iCtt S <fs1fr do_auxiliary EF
verb El3tl
ccrcq)
qfi T{l EE I f$lT direct speech €R reported speech ,{68
imperative sentence E{ glqfi \;16$ indirect speech_€ TengRE sfr q5a
3;d1v
ft-ste<r fi'c6< ffi -qi-\?rg
{{q r$T B-s< {'@ 6h-c{ r

Reporting verb fr VdlS say to {l say indirect

speech_€
tell, order. commarrd (9lcqt F{l), advise, request (9-{ril{
o<l), beg ({R_{T
w{r{t{ <i<T, Anht +x1, entreat (ctr{-s q4.-fl{
Dir. : He said to the boy, ',Do it.,,
T<i) $6"
{RS; Cu i , *
Ind. : He ordered the boy to do it.
l^ I

lI{{T 8 (2) I Reported speech €n T3 verb fr< $1--lc5l indirect speech-€

to T['{ r Reported speech-4 not arIFrE ccrscq to + qk{
verb q< not trc{
wls ic{q{ 3

Dir. : He said to the boy, "Do it.,,

Ind. : He ordered the boy to do it.
Dir. : He said to the boyj ,'no ,rol go away",,
Ind. : He ordered the boy not to-g"o away.
qtrT, not'ro go-qF qtcq D'cq qrrTrq;)
jri:{q 3_(3)
I
Reported speech-€ sfr cfl{ Rcq*{'efsTfts {-{ st{c{ say<r
say to €T "fffi (order {[ <frc,r) 'prohitrit' verb fr <-c|[Tt {.1{ I s?t{ indirect
speech-,"!not Tf{ il I fiIq s
Dir. : He said to.the boy, ',Do not go away.,,
Ind. : He ordered the boy not to g"o u*oy.
:.:ISftibited (f+rs{ <.-?f{) the boy to so away. (nc,t-nT}lft r;

ry ,gL] qfr let us freR as qT si{ffi EI cs_rl

Reporred speech_S
'ei-sl{" g<ll{ I C{':Ft let us go E{ qTil Rlg-*qE ,{4,fr
efg6 | r{Sef 6q-fq
indirect speech-( say (B {ee{ propose,/suggest
that tll( say to_€F Tef,{
propose/suggest to qc{ I Efi indirect speech €
verb-*R qkrt to qpt Tl,
 Grammar : Change of Narration 673

q{ qltt)
reported speech 4R subject '4< qtc't that 9R( sR 'f6< (Vefls verb
we/they/you should {C{ I 6T5l"i 3
Oii. ' Rahim said to Karim, "let us go home"'
ind. , Rahim proposed to Karim that they should gs home'
SV
+<e) <fcrq. €{( reported
qn
qrlfC-{ said to
'ik{Cd proposed to (elgF
speech-€K verb 'go,-€K qlrut subject (they qdg Rahim 4l( Karim) ({(
vKs qtri that <"ffi[R t q|{F subject (1 "rtr €R( verb q< qfttt {f,{6Q should.
Dir. : Rubel said, "Let us study now.'
Ind.: Rubel proposed (or, suggesied) that we /he9 should study then'
" dfi S, S
Dir" : Mushfiq said to Rafiq, "Let-.us Ju.n a race'
Mushfiq proposed (or, suggested) to Ra{iq that they should rqn
a race
irra-.
'
NOTE : Proposed, suggest lp-fifr un'6 €K'l{ should' wouid ffi
AmericanEnglish-4<T<R-EsIltMoodg{f|-RsubjunctivemoodCh.clt
Reported speech sft Let us frc{ \eF {l
q'c{ Let
fu* qql csF
ni*Et*"il,i.n ts]lfr lT{t q* s{; q{s let €{ el{ {fr usgt$s,i uli
noun {l pronoun 4l noun phrase alR-$ sRcE s?t{
E"lcffi frT{
qfu Y
{k-{6d
qqol (wda indirect speech-€ say €R say,/wish, say to-€K
iell,/request <I{ds qS €{( reported speech €R verb q< qksl may/might/
might be allowed to {lifds q{ I fr{{ 3
Dir. : The old man said "let rne have something to.eat.''. . .

iJ , fn" ofd *1" *i"h"a (or' requested)tothai he might (or'

might be allowed to) have some thing eat'
Dir. , Th; boy said to me, "Let me-go now'". . .
.'n" b"i;;il me tnut he mighl (or, might be allowed to)
ifr. ,
go then.
Dir. ' hn said, "Let the old man have some food'"
ild. : He *isheJ tnut the old man might (or, might be allowed
to) have some food'
EqF Sfr GFFI vocative <l C'Cu1ou.efri
i@.6,l Reported speech-ei
a[f$ sl{[E 9 indirect narration-€ <tq fiTl SK ftC<l addressing + NP + as
I q-csGl reporteC
* pp evl1-{ ft(<l addressing + NP-q.g;lC{ {R-{trs s-d SH gi-{i
q{ s-iqrE E.F L{g.T6t (q'q'<
speech .{< <]ft qi.i sfr imperative sentence
fiffierqT waF-{ Ffl q[{i:q melEI qr{lqi qF I RT{ 3
Dir. : He said, "My friends, listen to rne'"
Ind. : He told his iriends to listen to him. (vocative € my friends'
.{{i-6{ sl qq' Cq.Sl <?rCq l)
or, Addressing (qc$Eq s'6d <l vt$ frrs) his friends' he told
requested) them to listen to him'
Dir. , Biva said io the lady, "Sister, help me please'"
i"d- , AddreJs;;s th; 6dv NP) sister (NP) Biva requested her
to helP her. {Biva)'
APTEL_43
 674 A Passage to the English Language
q's* \ff{*t imperative sentence-6$ direct cqrc$ indirect
speech-€
fr"l.lgR\5F-<tTfr{Teril ffiElT I q?Fse-sqrqtEnfq<q
m?llTlT
Examples :
I

Pil. , He saici, "Rahim, cio not do it.,,

Ind. : He prohibited Rahim to do it.
[lmperative sentence-
q3t gTCj gq-g
fr-fi (3) cql j i

er, He ordered Rahim not to do it.lfiTS (q) 6{"r tj

or, Addressing Rahim ((fucs qc{l{T s'6), he told him not to do
it.
or, Addressing Rahim, he prohibited him to do it.
or, Addressing Rahirn, he ordered him not to do it.
it:t
*- Dir. : The commander said to his soldiers, ,,March on!,, tfr{I (O) Chq r1

Ind. : The commander ."-^""a.J-11., ordered) his

soldiers to
march on. [f+{'{ (1) E (2) 6?at tl
Dir. : The doctor said to him, "Take this medicine
twice (qt{]-<y .
duy."
Ind. : The doctor adriised him to take that medicine
The mother said to the son, ' Orrof 'f"rgh'ut
Dir. : twice a day.
Ind. : The mother advised the. son not..to l.,rgd
tt" poor.,,
Dir. : the poor.
I said to him. " please, help me.,' "t
Ind. I requested him to help me. tFTq (1) rg (2)
cq-{ rl
Dir. :' Shuman said to me, "Let us go out for
a walk.,,
Ind. : )numan proposed to me that we shourd go
out for a wark
tfirq (4 ffii I l
Dir. : He said to Ram, " Let us do it.,,
F-d. ' I" proposed to Ram th"; th;y should do it.
Dir. : The old man said, "Let nui'.o_n food.,,
Ind. : The old man begged tnai ^n he L"isht (o., tisht be allowed
to) eat some food.[fi-{.{ {5) fi3 r}
pi1. : My friend said t9
Ind' : Mv friend wished thaiT", "Let her have something to eat.,,
ri* -isht {.r. ;r;il"d."ufilwea to)
have something to eat.
qfrE example
^ "Mr srr fiT.{qcETR clcq Ei s"{K frfu-T mreftqr plr iEn_sq
fu x<r,sm r<ft Ba-+ix Q3< i qqi{ rs\ds*f
$ q.fi{rq q \$Fs E1q-\el1q qgg
$ilsq{IfifF{ exercisefr F{ r

----:_
1. D!r" : He said to me. ,'Read this book.,,
Ind" : He told me
- Dir. that book.
2. : you said to the rnan,read
;d;;;j,
Ind" : ycu the man go u*uy.
3. Dir. : She said to irer scn,'" l.lnunI. piu"v with matches.,,
Ind. : She hei s91 neue, to pl.y with matches.
-
4. Dir" : The teacher said, "Stul;"t", io-tf.,i. exercise.,,
Ind. : -- the students, the teacher thern*
- do that exercise.
 Grammar : Change of Narration 675
5. Dir. : He said to Karim, "Friend, help me."
Ind. : Karim as his friend. he him (K) to help him.
Ans. : 5. Addressing, requested 4. Addressing, ordered, to 3.
ordered. 2. told, to 1. to. -_
VI" D(CIMATORY SENTENCES
Exclamatory sentence $.ffs <Cq qr{ q(q? ef<rd-{ & <fsl c{l;t ql+fr$
qlC{{ efflfis qT I q qgrfi <fst yf[{K{s fiaft"t etCIs qs r

:i ., fr5r{.,
@
How beautiful the birC isl ({FiEfrU-q'{t)
:1:;
Aa-rective -TF-- 5;
ftc<t- What + NP +NP +tr]]
ci':F[, What a fool he is! (mft c<Fnlt)
NP NP be
,4fi Sc[ Efl, direct spbech (-:l reported speech {fr ,.{FF exclamatory
sentence qS vI{CE E1'," 6-Of< indirect speech4 "iffie= S-{-cs E[-{? frCE-d
frrq eEEqf,{q{< cqm I

Direct speech €{ said q{ "ffiKd indirect speech-€ frr$1

TTqgET{GT 3

'|lT<ffr6 @qvtrrevl
exctaim with sorrow
E3?ig<nzs {I exclaim sorrowfully
--_------+ {l exclaim with grief
s{sFd 4l {ef\rlg
$Trs @
6'lS-41 T4ftre @@:!ug-":l4
fier1*flr exclaim with surprise
fr5FI 3
-----_---+
---------)
Dir" : He said" "Alas! I am undone."
lnd. : He exclaimed with grief thai he rvas undone.
(Exclaimed with grief-{&?R qkq T{4; uirdone-{-{{1xt E€Tl t)
Dir. : He said to his friend, "Good bye."
Ind. : He bade his friend good-bye. (Cc \5|* <Tis frqiq qFfql
Dir. : They said, " Hurrah! We have won the game."
Ind. : They exclaimed with joy that they l"rad won the game.
Dir. The old man said, "Were I a king."
Ind. : The old man strongly wished that he were a k!ng.
(were I a king! : qlR<fr,a$s1-{<l-srWlTlSt{{lInllrqt)
676 A Passage to the English Language

;E l exclaim with grief/ sorrow,/joy, strongly wish,/desire-eR

qK that 16{, Rq wish, bid, bade-$t
'r{ that ql <'c{ c-{cR object TC{ r

6{5l;1 3

Dir. : He said, "How beautiful the bird is!"

!nd- : He exclaimed with surprise that the bird was very beautiful.
Dir. : He said to me, "Good-morning!,'
Ild" , (lnc.) : He. wished me that go-od morning.
Cor. : He wished me good mornin-g.
Dir. : He said to me, " Good bye."-
{ld. (lnc.) : He bade me that good bye.
Cor. ': He bade me good buy.

@ Reported speech :tfr how il what frm e+ q-{ q<( &

<if$i SSE adjective { noun eilf$ sRC{ indirect speech-€ & adjective 4F
qlCei very,/completely €R( noun (R qlCqt
great <Ffq-s ER I

R{T 3

Dir. : He said. ,'

How book is!,,
Ind. :
ffi,n"
He exclaimed with surpise that the book was very fine.
Dir" : He said, "What u foof
noun
Ruh,_ ,.!,,
Ind. :
He exclaimed with sorrow that Rahim was a great fool.
lffisF Tense tffir+{ fivl qlc'r{ r-st
l r

Examples :
Dir. : She said, "How nice the pen is!,'
Ind. : She exclaimed with joy that the pen was very nice.
Dir. : Biva said, "Alas!l am helpless (qC'qH)!',
Ind. : Bive exclaimed with grief ({ erl) that she was helpless.
Dir. : Mamun said, "Hurrah! I have stood first."
Ind. : Mamun exclaimed with joy that he had stood first.
Dir. : Rita said to Gita, "Good morning!"
Ind. : Rita wished Gita good morning
Dir. : Dolly said to Jesmine, ,'good bye.',
Ind. : Dolly bade Jesmine good-bye.
Dir. : He said, "Farewell (fuT), my friends.',
Ind. : He bade his {riends farewell.
Or, He bade farewell to his friends.
_ Or, Addressing his friends, he bade them farewell.
Dir. : The farmer said, "Had I much money!',
Ind. : The farmer strongly desired that he had much money.
(Had I much money':qFlf{ Sft qr*+ b|rtrl e||as!---+,lT{I
{<flrR r)
 Grammar : Change of Narration 677

Dir. : He said. "O, what a bad time!"

Ind. : He cried out in sorrow (or, exclaimed with sorrow'/grief)
that it was a very bad time.
cried out i., ,orro* that ihe time was very bad'
Dir. :
"i,-ff"
The man said, " By God(?t-c{d cqfqR)! I willnever do it.''
The man swore (-llal s-fi) by God that he would never
do
Ind. :

it. q{:rfuls-< exercise F e<r

eXenCtSf l Fill in the gaPs-

1. Dit. ' H" .aid, " What a fine daY!"
finel
.;$t3
.t, lnd. : He that the day was
2. bir. , he said to me, "Good morning, sir.'' -
-with me as sir, she
Ind. : Addressing;Hurrah! me. good morning'
J. il;: ; We said, We have won the game.''
Ind. : We
-
that we had won the game_.
4. il: in" tnun sai{, "Alas! My books have been stolen"'
Ind.
': The - man exclaimed __-, his books had been
stoien. --grief
( Dir. : My friend said to me, "Good bye.''
Ind. : The friend good bYe'
6. Dir. : The prisoner (Tc{fr) said, "Had I the wings of a dove!"
Ind. : The prisoner ly that he. had the wings of u ,9:u::.
1""". O. tii.tis, d"tited 5. dade 4' with, that 3' exclaimed' with' jov
2. wished 1. exclaimed, joY, - very' -
VII. OPTATIVE SENTENCES
qlGq E? q {il-c{< sentence-( 6QF[
Optative sentence sff$ T6{ {6{'
s.lE-{I, qlft{q Ts].tfr erslfts
q-q r c{5l;I 3

May God bless you. (?t-< FNK Tfi s-fi{ l)

May Allah help you. (91,-SR FfTl_{
q]l{ RB{
(ql$Tq< cqfrrsB
'l
ftrfiffi cAq r)
Long live our president.
ecF <Ir+l qTF S'tr Flq{l <l qlft{'FT <l€ EC{"rq I qer{l Q4 optative

sentence. q?n cf{ EE, cs'l{ direct speech-€F reported

sReechxfr cofr
sentence qg sRcE srrs ftqTE indirect speech-€
{R<Rf6 ii-<l€
optative
fur' €E ar-J< q-<F cqr<
{r<r fr(b3 t

God.ffi< EG"i eI]TrE say <I say

lG3T-rTtl Reported speech-q cfffi verb-€K 1sp6fting
to€K {4(Fl indirect speech-€ pray 3i{dE ET I $Ts
subject€R "l{ pray(ed) that God might Frc"l
EK 'l{ reported speech-€il
verb €3( object filcv q{ I c{'{-4 3
Dir. : He said to me "May- God bie=ss 9=?Y
v obj.
Ind- : He PraYed that God might
H ffi
 678 A passage to the English Language
i:-----------
il-{trq s (2) Reported speech-€ God €-m{ 41 e11-$.F. q<(
| 6af{ stqt
{<.'6E \rfi say RI say to €=tr irFI indirect speech-*
wish SFrds R r wish
that + NP + might + V qsl6<ft<qt
wish + N'p eek{ <l<.q-s EcR q|rs I G..fi s
Dir. : They said, "Long live ou, prnrid".,t
Ind. : They wished that their
-ist, !U_ ,onn.
(Wish + that + Np + might
+ V-qslc<{t{dg qcsrq t)
"#9!!
Or They wished their president a long life
----NP-.
(eT{t .c-Eq-{ cetffi< ftft +frr+ +qq r wish+Np_q.{caf <lTq_e_ ECTrq l)
Examples :
Dir. : The mother said to her son, ,,May you pass
the exam.,,
Ind. : The mother wished that her .o, *rnfrl p"r,
6Vpi wl the
exarn.
Dir. : The old man said, ,'Could I get some money.,,
!*rfr ufr E{ fr-R brcr clslr r)
Ind. : The old man wished that he could,/might get
some money.
9i1. , The teachers said, ,'May our students Un
Ind. : wisired ir,"i
I.,u1Ypy in future.,,
trr"i. ,iuan"tsi,idr,i't" 'r,"ppv i"
ll:.I:".n"r,
Pil. The boy said,- "May my mother come round.,,
Ind. ': The bo9, wish"ainai#.;;rdr";ight
come round.
NP v
$rfirBEtss-<1)
Dir" : The be.ggar said to the boy, ,,May you pass your
examination
in the first drvrsron.
Ind. : The beggar wlshed that the boy (N) might
pass (V) his
examinationin the frrst division.
Dir. : The man said, "Long live my motherland.,,
Ind. : The man wished that his motherland
might live long.
NP
Dir. : The old me, ,'May Allah help you in every step
Tr":.j:jq,l:
of your life."
Iird. : The old man wished that Allah might heln me in
every step of my life
NPV

1. Dir. : He said to_me, ,'May God be with you.,,

Ind" : He_that God_be *ith _".
2. Dir. : Shuman said. "Long tiu" ow teacher.,,
Ind. : Shuman_that their teacher_live long.
3. Dir. : I sajd t" vou, "Muv v"i,.'i"tf,", come round soon.,,
Ind. : I wished_yorr_rni[nirlon.

-
 Grammar : Change of Narration 679

4" Dir. : The woman said, "May it be so." (qt cT{C{ l)

Ind. :
The woman-it-be so.
5. Dir. :
The farmer said, "Could I but be a rich man."
Ind. :
The farmer-that-could-a man.
Ans. 5. wished, he, be, rich 4. wished, that, might 3. that, father,
corne round 2. wished, might 1. prayed, might.

VIN. MD{ED TYPES OF SENTENCES

:rre (frRs {ror)
11.
Reported speech-€ qfr e6tr interrogative, ,CFF optative, 4$F
assertive-fhKl qTS.q €slftS q-oILTT <foi {l-r+ ET{rq CTrS-6q q\5rq 6s'F
fiTF< er6{E-{ qr ql r 6c {srffi <rc$r< q-{i qss.t qlq-fl cs s-{ fr'{q qlc-{lr{t
Fr-{Rglq ermfqi E{ | fr-q<lrsr <t <sc<r{ <i slK{ vmrclR+-'ct ffir{ q-{'I EF
<lr$i:l m$ and, add(s) that (ql-Ts {rE R), added that (wKs <+e'cr), but
ffi <]-sqs ET r q{'{ c{ qI{qF s-{cs qr< vt cl{t<61E-sT{fu (alr+i Fl-<1141-{ I

R',rl{ 3

Dir" : He said to me, "l have passed the exam. Have you passed?"
q{lc{ 3

direct speech sfr el €qT,W He said to me, "l have... exam."

sRfq ER indirect speech ry-_
I1d. (a) : He told me thai he had passed the exam.
uFR direct speech sft E{ 4tr-f e9-
He said to me, "Have you passed?"
cl{fq \d-< indirect speech F
lnd" (b) : He asked me if I had passed.
qq< s r gP{CE l-1.{ v<"tls< indirect speech
cgT:I-{t sTcria fl"re{ GFrER
frgm< $-<'6Ee eBI req{ otr* i+g aK I BetG $g Ind. (a) €K( Ind. (b) r$ and EFI

{gs'cKffiqE a

Ind. : Fie told me that he had passed the exam and he asked me if
I had passed.
ftq ne-cs R<m <lEqrq ai T'6{ qrq o-+-dm <rqq< a-{R +caE c
Ind. He told me that he had passed the exam and asked me if I
' had passed.
q<K fr'ufi TC-{tq cs <r1"ffi frq q* r qsrr<t frq passage-
cs:rq T6q
narration s-{Cs qs | {tr3titrl€ €'rli FirTl {lse{ r q<K fut-< Eqqiqsffi 6ql t
Dir. : Rima said to Hannan, "You are a good boy. Could you help
me with the bag please?"
Ind.: Rima told Hannan that he was a good boy and raquested
him to help her with the bag.
Dir. : The old man said to me. "Your faiher is my old friend. May
Allah bless you."
Ind. : The old man told me that my father was his old friend and
(alsc) prayed ihat Allah might bless rne.
 680 A Passage to the English Language
Dir. : Shukla said to him, "Did you see my brother today? He has
not returned home yet (q?t{\3)."
Ind. : Shukla asked him if he had seen her brother that day. She
added that (913te n-{E C{) he (her brother) had not returned
home Yet (s?Fs) (or, tillthen).
Dir. : Biva said, "l can't do it, Rahim, please help me."
Ind. : Biva told Rahim that she couldn't do it and requested him to
help her.
Or, Addressing (qrttq{ s'6R) Rahim, Biva told her that she
couldn't do it and requested him to help her.
i"jj'j Dir. : Minu said to Dina, "l have lost my pen. I have to buy
another."
Ind. : Minu told Dina that she (M) had lost her pen adding that
(or, and added that-ql{s <q-E ({) She (M) had to buy
another.
IX. CONVERSATION : QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(Trattqoar* s qS q<(E's")
c'D-dlD-{ csl{ $lailelsat({' e+-q-{ qsft E{ $13 s<( q{lq-{ ER q-{i< fiT I ql
<X s €-c<-<fOqfrrr si{rq firq6 indirect speech-€ 'iftKfu {<1g qc-{? q31
CsF s6T sM q{ r qri-< q-{t interrogative sentences q(rt C{ fiT'{ 6ulT<l
fuqeq-l q6flE s-scs Er< rVs{ <r+iF cs ,nni"n.n {c{ {asse*ivet9Tft) is}<
Fnq c}r{f|(T qcrlrt s-<rs qeE | tsX Np + reply that qfrfrs c(rstqq sitcs Er< I

R5l{ 3

Dir. : Biva-Where did you go, Shr"iman.?

Shuman-To market (=l went to market.)
Ind. : Biva asked Shuman where he had gone. Shuman
replied that (E*9{ ft-q cs) he had gone to market.
EI*F.I<t3t, Shuman E{'to markel qF*{ <IqCRtfrq indirect--{ he had
gone q(lb*T Er{ LlrqIQ I sr{ FI{.tCq d? C{, STcil9|-S{r{< qT{ El-d-{ Erit
verb, subjecl ffi (t{SF ;il s'6iq cslq'c"f F?fi {cq I Indirect speech-€
qdtr*{rs qffi+*${ qrR {'c{ frcs qr< cq Fe-<rTEr {<Ff qcie (cl!-{ I
went to market) RC{IR t €H-C{I indirect speech-4 q<Ff q(-t qlqm r

Dir. : Chandan-Mita, do you know me?

Mita-Yes, I do.
Ind. : Chandan asked Mita (or, Addressing Mita, Chanclan asked
her) if she knew him. Mita replied in the affirmative (that
she knew him.)
qn <i?iK 'Yes'ERl Cslq B"g{ frf,{ replied in the affirrnative (that)
(qt c<tqs a6a-i wcR ftq 6{) s<( 'No'-_sRt ast4 B-e< fr{ replied in the
negative (that) (11-c<1<rs Tf$l sT{R fi-q c{) <I<qf{ $Kcg R{ I

Dir. : Friti-Can you do it?

Diti-No, I can't.
Ind. : Priti asked Diti if she (D) could do it. Diti replied in the
negative (that she (D) could not do it.)
 Grammar : Change of Narration 681

Dir. : Baki-Have You bought the book?

Saki-Yes (l have)'
Saki replied (in
Ind. : Baki asked tJiii tft" had bought ihe book'
lhe affirmative) that she had bought it'
Dir- : Baki-Have You bought it?
Saki-No (l haven't)'
bought it' Saki
Ind. : Baki asked tot,'*u'*"a to know) if Saki had
the negative) that she had not bought it'
l"pfi.aii"
ExFxcIsEl Fill in the blanks-
Where will you
1. Dir. : Badal said to me, "l am going to school'
go now?"
:
Ind. Buaa toU me that he was going to school
and-me -
I would go then'
2. Dir. : ir"p"liia]i'WnJ u good man! l-ono live the man'"
Rupa;with joy that. the man wis-good and
(she)
Ind. :
man-live long'
3. Dir. : -that-the
I said to ftirnliVt" v"ery.foolish' Never do it again'"
Ind. : I-him *,ai'iin ;;; ^*
;"w tootisr' and-him never to do
aoaln.
4. Dir. : nitu-Wttn" will You come, Mina?
Mina soon.
Ind. :
-Verv
il;k;'(.r asks)Mina-she would (or will) go' Mina
she would (or will) go very soon'
5. Dir. : -that
Tanin-what time is it, Hans?
Hans -it's 5 O'clock'
Ind. : Tanin-Hans-time it was'
Hu.tt it was 5 O'clock'
6. bi;. ' -that
Rinku-Did You go there?
Pinku -Yes (l did)' Pinku-in the-
Ind. : ninr.,liiiiu-he(p) had gone there'
that he had gone'
what' replied 4'
Ans. 6. asked, i{, i"pfita, affirmative 5' asked'
Z. exclaimed, very. wished.
when, replied (or repliesiS.""ifal^iJ"lt"a.
might 1. asked, where.

B. {r{ r{fi {E 6{ efuF T(ai'l"rsqrq

q€s cTCT q6Dk{ I {s<1(
I{.
reportlngverb-f,$pasttense-dK{'636sfrrTf{reportedspeech.€iverb-€K
rense qffi+KFq{ gEPtc<E+-<l{q t

X. CHANGE OF NARRATION OF PASSAGES

ffi "lqe;l c{|q qrfr passage-€K narration flffi;l aKCs rq{ F{{
qQ q<llc{ q\5sq <T {l Fr-{q F T<Q cvqRtrT{
ftR el.II{ srflqq q{ ql I FIq"<l
SENTENCES 4<(
**o ** r R-c-F ocq ,!e q<rt-cr MixED q{j C{ c-< fr{I {{|irq E[{.'6s
CoNVERSATIONS-q< narration {RK6{
s-{r<
qfu qc-csfr "tRr<6+ q<rs
(qifr {fiF? Flt passase-€d narration
"1.4'r<
 682 A Passage to the English Langr.rage
'ffdr{ r dsrl( c{\lrEt e|CTrq-{lKlt{ qk3-<i{lT of,ryq}€
r sft+ q.[qRr< q-{, RrD-{
qtFlD-{',l etv I

He sa!d, "l have come from Khurna and I want to return there
soon."
&. direct speech-F E$rsl s R-s:tglrq effiF|g qcri oflF
"l have come from Khurna," said he, "and "
soon."
I want to return there
Aqy*_q cinNrcrTti1Bqnr" ffi{ rEq\Stufr "iffiF_<t_{
j.{; frar qn cE frQa Eefr$
ffi<fu -nm A** qc{i rs.F{.*doi cqf I
'i| s{ etRRftRQ nt {.9.3r(
r

qqfqe 4-sD passage-€K TC$ q6{-s'sffl statement, q:1, ee-<,

exclamatory sentence, optative sentence
W frRg .nfis'"flIi'i ,asr{i
csllTs s'te q?F dq{ fr-q 4T,
TR"t qfr s qqK{ fivq q\5sr"t Fk?t crr{q I s{
ficer{ cisi-{"f Rc<ul'l -tfu {ftR q6- <TtrIT qke} q,R
<1-6.s1g c-f-6 ql1rm w+i
c$refi€-<r added that, c$irne q-<r-{ repried
thai t9Tfr <qlrc q6-q n*a t*
"rc"t eE-s (J]fi (explanation) ,tv-FR c<frR qqrqt
Gqq{qecTt "rgk cftal cffs|
{+Tv +tkr< t

I Change of Narration
Dir. : "l was twelve years ol<i said the man, ,,and I did not
know how to iwim. So r-then,,,
was'"f;il ;f"';;;_"1';u'r;.,1
Ind. : sairf tl-,.+
The man said that he!.^ L^-r
had r^^^----- I' 'v*., '.U"
U"n" tr"i""
had. not known how to swim. He ffi;'tiii"anrt
rfr", and
he had been afraid of a journey by boat. whv *."
Explanation : Said-€{ er< f<tr-{ object 4r ?irfi$ indirect-€
said-i <rEqs
{{ I So SrcT-_ElR I q< qk{Cd rhat is
whv-(q F6rcl) <r{qs qE r He added
that-fiI 9l{€ <dl6T (q I
Dir. : "Mother," saici the boy,, "Fiave you cooked rice?,, ,,yes,
have. you can eat no*,,t hi, mother said. I
Ind.: The. boy asked his mothlr-ii'sne trla cooked rice. His
mother replied in the affirmative that she [uj-.oot"a
and assured him that he could eat then.
Explanation : KT4$F ER qlCS ES FT6q {'6{ ask
<I{.d\r- EE I if_€<
<r<-{i?\B s$r<t<-$ qr$t-< FI{CGI r E.l-{ {1. .csF
Er${ q-<t< frR{,CE replied that
<r<qE qq r qf-6il{s q-{r< <'6{ in the affirmative you
<r{'to R{ r can ear
nsqT-3'6q :tl .g-l{ {gFqls q*kdfrsrst frcq <,fi assured fnuu_.f n"i
"fiqi
<I{d\g-EE I

Dir. The girl said, "How fine the picture is! I wish
"But", said her mother,,, it is
I could buy it.,,
not durable (ffi) unir,u,if
break down in about a month." "Then let us go,
won't buy it"" ; mother. we
trnd. : The girl exclaimed with surprise that the pictulre
was
very fine. (She added that) she ,irf,La-rf-," .outa
Urv it. (Her
 Grammar : Change of Narration 683

mother expressed dissatisfaction) and said that it was not

durable and would break down in about a month. The girl
then proposed to her mother that they should go. She said
that they would not buy it."
Explanation : Exclamatory sentence {C{ exclaimed with.--{l{Qg € I

qst <ifu qq"dll{-{ qftT-sfr sell <FtrR<'6df added that Tsr{ I vF \] but {l{-{R
s'6{ frRt] qq-qft effi{ $C{CR {cal-Her mother expressed dissatisfaction
Tf{{E qE I El-{ {lCS{ q-SF nell{ cqfrcs orsF sr< qE eifiK\iil s-<{ 3'6{ then
(\5{;T) <rEq"s € I Let u.-frcT <l<Fi ts* q\3{lcs El qFfr ergl_< *npq | {q<l(
proposed {JTqE qE I ;fW $'c< EII<l-<s she said that RI{Qg {fl t she added
that-s {I{{l{ S-fl C{6 I

Dir. : The Mayor said, "Have you killed the rats?" "Yes, I have,
"said the Piper (<<ft<Inn), "Please give me the promised
money." The Mayor said, "We cannot give you so much
money. Take only fifty guilders."
Ind. Mayor asked the Piper if he(p) had killed ihe rats' The
' The
Piper replied in the affirmative and requested him(M) to
give him(P) the promised (Sfu<q) money. The Mayor said
in reply that the could not give him(P) so much money and
told him to take only fifty guilders.
Explanation : GT'{'{ 4{ sTCq{ <f,{ asked €R( il <fdqs € I Yes-4tr H-C{I
replied in the affirmative TFI-Q\5 € t please SKt qTlTt{ q<flIE.<'6{ requested
<r{"aeqE r cfiqscS<EE-{ltqcE€ ffis-<<cft{qrs-{ sFF elglr{{ U€< FirE{
{'(4 said in reply (=replied that) {l{{i5 Qfl t and E.l_$ EfD '{S Elft{ <t-$I {s
{LTCq I

Dir" : "Are you hungry, Biva?" said Biva's mother to Biva. "Yes, I
am. Please give me something to eat," Biva replied. "But i
have not yet finished cooking. You have to wait for
sometime," said her mother.
Ind" : Biva's mother asked Biva if she was hungry. Biva replied
in the affirmative and requested her (mother) to give her
(Biva) something to eat. Her mother said that (or replied
that) she had not yet finished cooking. She added that she
(Biva) had to wait for sometirne.
Explanation : SCS{ q-{I asked .{Ftr( if <I{ds {4 t Yes-€l 9{I replied in
the a{firmative $?l-ds Sq I E dt <lsi-rs {gl e-<1-< Q;Ii and €K( please ?'lKl
qT6{I{ $fl-Cq <'6{ request€d <Frqtr qE I \5l-< TlrS< eK*l Efd staternent-€K
E-{i added that {f{Qi5 {{ I

Dir. : The boy said to the man, "May you succeed in ihis work,
sir." "Thank you," said the man.
Ind. : Addressing the man as sir, the boy wished that he (man)
might succeed in that work. The rnan thanked him (boy).
Explanation : Optariive sentence {'6{ wished <l-{AE € I qfTi66
might -q< R-f+{Rig Esl 4E I
 684 A Passage to the English Language

[frr'rtr exercise fr change of Narration

y$q cqrc frGn fill,"**HuffitF**.
nore ffi{ qRrqJ frcE qt-Elffi c<Fr U"rgo a ll
1. Fill in the blanks.
(a) Di{ : He said, "l am a boy."
- Ind : He said that he-a boy.
(b) Dir : Mina said, "l have s"nn hi-."
Ind : Mina said him.
(c) Dir -she-seen
: 'Today I am ill, 'said Rahim.
Ind : Rahim said that-he-ill.
(d) Dir : Shuman said, " I went to Khulna."
Ind : Shuman said that he- to Khulna.
(e) Dir : Mother said to me. "Your father was an S. p."
Ind : Mother-me S. p.,'
(f) Dir -that-father-an
: He said to me, "Do gou know me?',
Ind : He-me I knew him.
(s)
Pif : He said to me,,"What is your name?,'
Ind : He asked me-my-was.
Fill in the blanks. C5-fiu-< ftE ftR word direct speech-4 <I3-qE q'CE
indirect speech-4 g< Wf qsB frffi Rl <FrAE qT I frru. qI"-{
word,/phrase-,s{ q-sF qR-fi 6h'€{T EE I sTr{-+ erq.l
t(cl T-{ s
Direct Indirect
(U today
(ii) that morning
(ii0 now
(IVJ tomorrow
(u) the previous day
(VU this
(VIU ihat morning
Reporting verb {fr
present :tI future tense-€K ET \5RTE reported
speech-€K verb indirect narration-€
"iffi RT ql t uplq fr66j apal
81fr13[narration change Sit I

(a) He says, "l eat rice." (b) He says, "l am eating rice now." (c) He
has said, "l have done the w_ork.' (d) He wiil say, N;ihil;
happened". (e) They will say. "Our teacher will teach us'engtish.;
8. frCU-< <f+fefqtfs reporting verb €' past tense q< I <f$l s64R
narration
change G{ t

(a) Munir .said to me, "l am a boy." (b) Munir said to me, ,'l was
luppy.ll (c) Munir said to me, " l shall be glad." (d) Muntr'said io
Rumi,. "y_ou did it." (e) You said, "My fath-er has made a doll for
Te."(f) Shuman said, " Shuma is ljughing." (g) Shuma ;aid to
Shuman., "You were. playing in the fieldl" (hI Biv;' said to Shu-an,
"You will have reached.lhere by noon.', (i) Raztb said to S[;;;;
'The patient had died." (j) Rubel said, "l have bought it
lust nowJ;ftj
Biva said to me, "You know me well." (l) Rakib said. '',My brothei
will go to Satkhira tomorrow," (m) Rumpa said to nu-Li, ;'inn
 Grammar : Change of Narration 585

picture looks fine." (n) Ripon said to Tuhin, "l will be doing the..work
io-o.ro'r. (o) She said to her son, "You went there yesterday"'
5. Reported speech-{fr mf-q F{9-{ I9l (universal truth),
qqqds lFfi
(habitualfact), frel;lffis risl (scientific truth), effi-$ ffi (historical
fact) E-T sfqfE, reporting verb-sit tense {l-R 6Cls 41 6s;t, indirect
narration-€ reported speech €3t verb q< ffi;{
qffiqC<qt I €E$an}l
:lc1 6{cq fuE< <lsiefqti narration change $-ri t

(a) The teacher said. "The earth moves round the sun." (b) Father said
to me, "The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.l' (c) The nurse
said, "Man is mortal." (d) You said to him. "Every mother loves her
children." (e) The teacher said to the students, "lf someihing.is cast
up*uta, ialls downward again." (f) Newton said, "Everything is
ii
moving." (g) The teacher said, "Mir Jafar plots against (5-St-g TCT)
Siraj. " (h) He said, "l read the Quran every day'"
6. Reported speech m <n q3;fr imperative sentence
q{ (qdlq, qIC{-'t,
Eqrq{ q{q\s$<l{{<[T eQ qcrtm ilsi verb frrn e* q) st{cn indirect
narration-q reporting verb €(
{R-<Ivi tell, ask, request, order, advise'
command, beg-ael4R ETTMfrT {"i <rc I
qf{[< reported speech €i
verb F< VIC'1 to <frm qu<tu'< \rl6s infinitive-,{ flRqE F-fi C{ I Gtl{ 3
Dir. : Rahim said to her, "Go home at once."
Ind. : Rahim ordered her to go home at once.
-€{ I
4-<f{ EfEfq frfF< <lsIs(ElT narration change
(a) Mother said to me, "Do not run in the (b) He said to his friend,
_sun."
''Givemeyourpenforsometime'please'''(c)Thedoctorsaidto
the patient, "Take this medicine every other day' " (d) Karim said to
Rahim,. " Do not touch this switch'"
7. Direct speech 4K reported speech F <n qsfr exclamatory
sentence-$ El\{(cq \5I(<' fiF-slt< indirect speech-€ <i"t|gRs <'-<J sf*
EnErlcqE.? e{Tn qFF example cqsTtqE I €fi cqc{ agqffarai'smlrs
indirect speech-€ "fRqs $-{t;
(a) Dir. : He said, " What a {ine picture it is ! "
Ind : He exclaimed with surprise (fr'qT) that it was a very fine
picture.
(b) biva said, "How nice the bird is!" {c) Shuman said, "What a gentle,
Uovi" (d Shr-u said: " How beautiful a girl she is! " 1e) Sultana said
io'j"trnin", " What a pity!"
-have(f) The man said, " Alas! He is dead'" (g)
;' Hurrah! we won the game'" (h) They said, "Fie!
You said.
The man is a thief."
k. .cqf{ Frft,{ <fsiarEfd narration change €{ I 58fr Gqf<q RcqK cq-{fa

EE3
(a) Dir: The old man said, "Long live our president'".
Ind : The old man wished that their president might live long'
(b) ihe mother said to-her son' " May y.ou live long'"
"May
(c) The.beggar
with
said to me, "May Allah bless you.'t {d) He said, Aliah be
 686 A Passage to the English Language
Bg{t" " (e) The guest said to the man, "May you be happy
(fi rfre ;-M;; in life.,,
teacher said to the students, v*"]I"'pur. tf,"
examination.
(S) The politician said, " May Bangladesh prosper in life.,,
8. Reported speech-r€ ql€.5a q'6qlfi s,cd frR cfl q'm sl indirect
speech-
,{ ft-sEq s"itsRs qr< Era qtcqr
firu< tqtqqfr omq "r<-+tr-|frerq|3
narration change ir{ B
(a) Dir. : He saiel, " Rahim, What are you doing?,,
Ind. : Addressing Rahim (bV the name)ie asked him what he
(Rahim) was doing.
-i,fb
("b) Tl're mother said io her.son." shuman, may Alrah bless yorr." (c)
He
said to me, " Sir, could you help me'ptnJrni-;'iai'iou'iuia
woman." Aunt, we are.!rour.guests." (e) The man,uia,f i.i"nA.,
io tt"
you know what we shouid-do now?" (f) fi," t*g' ,"iJ'il a"
people,"My dear countryrnen, I wish you best of luck.; -- - --
tn"
9. RcF{<lFte1H'lR narration change GT B
(a) He told me that his fdther ,,y!r_"n engineer. (b) you said that your
brother was reading.u..bqgk. (c) Rima riid thut ii"r];th;'h"J'lought
a- costly umbrella. (d) The man said that he *"i q"it"
Liocent
(frCF-1T) (e) She asked me where I had
been going the previous day.
(f) The guest wished thar the man. might IL lo-ng,
tsi il," fnopt"
exclaimed with jov that their team had"won. (h) T[e 6o-"*,iJ",
in
chief ordered his soidiers to march on, (i) srre ud;rJ';;-iJ
tutu
care of nry health.
19 pl9ngn the narration of the follorving sentences :
(a) YluJ.ir your name?" (b) "The i, u funuti._nlrse.,, (c) ,, Sir, may
God bless you." "urtti
11 thange the narration of the following paragraphs :
(a) "You had better come tomorrow, "uu]a tn"--un
to the boy, ,,He will
come here the tom.orow.and perhaps he will f.no*
replied, "But what if he does not recognize me? It vou.i'fi.,n
Uoy
since he saw me last." "'1ou will have to-present yourself
ii -uni'y"u*
befo're'him
clearly," said the man,,'and that wiil hi*,l;il;;
-uk"
thank you." said the boy., "1" li come aqain tomorrow.,, v.r.,:,,Of,.
(b) "what a good idea! " said she at o'n.e. ';so^ntr,ing must have
happened and that shourd be known first." saici the mii io the gi.t.
"and that is"why we want to make this
iorrg journey." "But brother,
will moiher be there.at my uncre's home?" tlie'girr s^id. 'fir,iri.-ro. "
said the man, and if there is no probrem to bJ afrai,l .r, r"'r"irii,y
to arrange for a picnic
.
so thai we caR commemorate our visit
Inere.