CHAPTER A 27

i; t
SOCIAL ENGLISH
What It Is
A4qFi{ Q_<q q'lq.te-$st< {.r{c{< Tlcrt 6qq.tcril o-{R csrq qF-{t
w-sr{ <.r
6fr-qr{t{ frrln g"ma vfcq< rilcal sRFl$T qlri.l-{_Eql-{ oR r oqrqt
"[fur-<
emotion (qff<rt), s?IIq,l attitude (l.cdvR), $rlr{ gratitude (T-\9-E-sj), F"lr{l
disdain (1"i-1) ffi ef$-Ft Tfi r Engligh Speaking Countrysc{Ics qT<
W
ef"]r'k E?qi CDTb-< frffi ftR expression
<l-{a- qT I qqr{I qt4l qiTrR-S, sf<q
slsBffr=F-*lc< \r{{ eR qmF-fiftn-< qqt qsrEt qm glTR r sflz<l *f? EqRTq
ch--Tl$s r <-<tl.l+pfr:
I --+]r-<t ctqtqqII flRGs qcs uts
I - stBcq FIc<I ckq ffiEs rfr[T frcs urg
f - +ltsa-s qq\ cqyfics -,{C<tqr eT{rcs DTs
r el6il csT6{t sqt{t ex frcs ute
- <F[-<l c$tcrt {-sr<r< efu qqr?F{ qT{rcs FIs
I -
I - sqt <qrg <-q-cs wqR qqq t6trs ne
r-ffi
E|S6{ CqITCs C+:l-d' C+'l-{ Cqfe ft ft expression use <F3tCe {r{?
I qnffc fil{ (Feed-back)
c+-ft{t <-sR <.sr<r{ tr<tbt <t .s]r{'r E$ qT
{<rrEq!-{t Errs qRr<\' st <qc"
ftq<t $ftT T{'co wq611oR , ft-g
"tl< sl {qr\o etkrq<-slr$ qx*g TR
6{ 'q{Rt 1ffi r' qefr<:
Oh, okay.
Oh, now I see.
Now I understand.
Oh, okay, Now I understand. Thank you.
Now it's clear to me. Thanks a lot.
Examples :
Now it's clear to me what you,ve been saying so long
(qE$q {'c<).
Thanks a lot, because now I understand what vou
mean.
 492 A Passage to the English Language
I ls q<sP'1 (Expressing Opinions)
c{c{, {Esf 6q-<Ft {:lc3l, <l frT"l {"ffi< sFt er$n s-{]=l {:K31, qr{<F
aall {41-<
6srce <VRb sql ft:fiefu oc< sK qrflsl4t st< qxo q+qR csw ft-{r
qqr6 ftrsnq-{ rstrro <l opinion ef€l-'t s?< cltft r qR rro E4.r*R q{'i
Qsr{&'ts sl-TsB expression <r{q[<f s-$ E{ c{elEt tsTm alfsrE Tqn {EIqs.tg
{qq q{(cT{ftE Cc{ sd I (E expressions(4f {{l:
:t-?
':*r,
guess. . .

imagine . . .

think(that) ...
I'd (:l would) say .
personally think . .

believe . . ,
strongly'believe . .
can't but believe that . . .

It seems to me that . .
It occurs to me that . . .
Isuspect...
I'm sure (tha0 . . .
I'm pretty sure (that) . . .

I'm certain (that) . . .

I'm fairly certain (that) . .

I'm convinced that . . .

I'm positive aboui .
I'm almosi positive about . . .

Not everyone will agree with me, but . . .

You may not agree with me, but ' . .

Tome.
...
Undoubtedly
Tomymind...
To my opinion . . .

tsIscft <-{F dR{f{ q-flt Ts, q{i sF€ 3si-<] sri' s$ catrs Ef{ fi"q-{
{qlsrs qffi afa FFn-{ Cq'-6,s-€ €l expressioneC{'l {l{f'{i sTr< I q<f{
qsrEK <lsql qaf cqq :

I guess . . .-qNl{w$l{ (qQ c{) . . .

I imagine . . .-qlTlSl {C{ {[R'. . .
I think . . .-qlfr sRQ cq, qTF qr{ q{ . . .
I'd say . . qq< s. . .
-(sc$l@)ffi
. -Kl&q-rc\r-ft< qTf{ {rd ET ...
I personally think . .
Ibelieve . . .-qTf{frtfq, . . .

I strongly believe . . .-qlTK ry Rtm . . .

I can't but believe that . . q$cfi fr{fq'ql Ft< {R{
-qFI
c{...
 Grammar : Social English 493
Examples :
I believe that this new method will help us a lot in
increasing the effectiveness of teaching English.
Though what you said is true, (still) I can't but believe
that it is only theoretically true, and practically false.
As for (qa6q) the political condition of our country, I
personally think that we all should be more liberal.
Not everyone will agree with me (X<R sTl:if< ql-cat
SFqs q[{ {l, \o-{€ . . .) but such a syllabus will be of little
* help to students.
:s't3
:*r;
I "rc& eqqr&qTl-t
(Agreeing and Disagreeing)
csfcil qrr6{E-{r+TF <I <1fu4s r-cclt'lsalc{< q'Tcs q|5lfl L{rF q{r{{ risNcq<
qG qafu <l qflB qqlq <rt< qfift r rTT& <i cR cqrF clr+ Rrstq s-sserEt
E"m q|cq, cs\fr qqqft qt{16{I<\e Relq +-s-ssm E"|IT q'cq r w{T&< csrE
q't'r{-fl s{r{t q-flqR q-{Tfu EaT{ trR, :F{m <] qRr{ wc{r{ rEITE frc{ hbt-
vlqP.il€ +fr I q<f{ cn?fi {ls ft ft e*pression (Iil-{lit st< qT<] ,ql SMer-{.|
o?< qfift r

Informal ffir<rrf {S-<lT-<rq'-{ qkcl <I<-{|rtr< sT{t .

You're right.
That's right.
That's for sure!
You can say that again!
Okay!
I knew it!
i'll say!
Exactly.
Right.
You'd belter believe itl
qar{rs4qffi qvr{erqqn-{1 c{(g ellc<:
You're right-pfr ffi <cqe r

That's right-st tr+itro <cqq r

That's for sure!*ef fr'ol otq {fl {ls r

You can say that again!-c san Yft qlrfs-{k <E . " .
okayl-6+, #+r
I knew it!-qlr{,,! cgtqFilseil!<1, q 6otqftqF-sf{l
Exactlvl .L
Right t -rd+ I

You'd better believed itl-(gT{lrS q$afi fr{l{ o<rsE etr{t

 494 A Passage to the English Language
Formal {Rmrrlfr-an qTTr.K q-{t <r{qs E{ :
I agree.
I agree with that.
I couldn't agree more.
That's correct.
That's precisely the point.
Exactly (right).
I think so.

*:sii <lqnll +sl-lm eFpf'f {l{ :

+-fl
.t,.
I agree-$fi q?Frrs I

I agree with that-q|fr q <I"116{ q4-go I

I couldn't agree more-ffi {cil$ q-$-{s I

Thai's correct-fto <cqcq{ r

That's preciSely the point-S'rs?ilr< frO +*tt r

Exactly kishtFTtKIXF frs r

I think so-gFtldsstiqoW{<"tt r

Examples :
When asked whether he agreed with me in that regard,
he said that he couldn't agree more.
What she says is precisely the point, and we all
should put great importance to her notion.

l| {qq, qflqr
(Likes and Dislikes)
qw<l qq-;qa6* connfrriq 6scq F-r< crrE& EI c'fu' effit q+cs uR
Rft r

,{stsk<, EFK] qTr6q-{ 9"i{qs641s ef+lrlqam utt r o{r+lqp{-$ qe{< {Rq -

q'iqs.ra c-{r'{fr ""iw" {qFrs <rc{< €<t,q-{l.l ot< $fr, -'Tl4'R e?iro{l
EnIsltr{€ eFT.i at< qnft r ft ft expression <1*4qK St3 qlr6i €R fi{ q-{l-t
afr q 61qf cff46q fiIq Fell <4cs cTq-{ {.fr$ "flt, qrorf< aet} afi \oT< \afid
1<lnr-s r\l\fr{Rvl
olti rWnlfirr-{ expressionelsllrs {cil"IR {fETlR R{?
slcqt r

tr-ike :
Ilike...
Ienjoy...
Ilove...
I'm delighied by . . .

I'm pleased by . . .
I'm happy to . . .

I appreciate . .
I' tickled by . . .

This is my idea of . . .
 Grammar : Social English 495

what a fiJ,li'nl ,
[sreat J

rr'"t'. iiJ,",?rl.I r

lsuper J

ltike-"rEq +.fi; enjoy-Eere{ +:rt; be delighted by-qFfts R€Tr,

E"nsH F{t; appreciate--4,ti{ +-fl, vfuTfi sT{tcq}; be pleased bv-y?AFf
E€TI; be tickled by-!5ft-s EsTt tl
Disiike :
dislike . . .
hate...
abhor . . .
don't care for . . .

rtoleratet
cant
. lstand I

1 bear I
Ituk" )
don't have time for . . .

ilnrl me' (inrormal)

. . is more than I can stand.
Whatarotten.-.!
[dislike-q1qd? F-{T;
tolerate,/stand,/bear-Tq
haie
-fctt TTt; abhor-€t<.t 1"1}
F{l; irk (sl(<){-qIEfT c<t, R-ae; bug_frfis
s<1;

$-fl; rotten-"ffl, Oqd rl

Examples :
I am always pleased by a burger with salad.
I don't much care for cofee, but I'm really very fond
of tea.
I must carry about the umbrealla, because I hate
getting wet"

I qirq'tFT ftlT Cqtrs frE]r&

(Digression)
s{rc'Is{r{l c$lffi ft"{T R-c-s +efi <-{k qrr{ qlq-rT{ qqi. ,affi R<rs< nqt
{fr olrv, ftc4l ,i Rs'sBcs 1<lTr{k q-{r qqr .crtr RTnr{ qtqR-€k{ qIcq]D.Tr{
6rq qFrs q{ r qR:flqnrs RmEr+ frm q-<-+tR oqnerEl<?r<k et< q|{nt q<tKs
qlCqtFEIn frr{ {]q tT?[< qc{i qrs.fus c+]IiII fr.{T{-< W{-s,l-<.n* Ffiro
T4 "qs"i
culffi {E qlc-q'b-{n ${T<TRr-,r-t $F|rs< q{i sT q{ I € sT<..cq qsq qflR-{&E
frnrrs q"{slg6lT Tdf{ ii-ilrr qr( EK g6qffi c.fc{ qrTlit :lq qlr{t6=rllt
qt{nR {:licl qqtCq<r$ qQ <<r+< expression <Ke-< s<Cg q-{, {ICs cfl-6< E"K
safl-?i <l qlrflD-{k qsB XtS( a[r$ I €e expressionslFll qFR I Flirq, qq(El
"Ft
496 A Passage to the English Language
qtq.t ql$re 4alr< {-c{r
ftfrn eqqr$ cqlvrqfr ft[{ rc-<lm sr&< e"r< frG-s e
T{rA-{ st( Ftart <1a r Xu<Ti qedEtrs T{q <Fltq nRrtm-+ r

15 qffiE{l cem RWs qcs c'lFI e]gkq-{ q-{qfr c+$< €16{fq-{'qT I q?

B[qr{i <-sl qq expressionsf,{ <i-+qK o-gr 'IGFI :
Let me digress (qiAll
maydigress...
may wander .

If I may wander from the subject . . .

Let me mention in passing that . . .
<t(41$ €qr4Kqrn eRrwcat<r{{f'<s-<}${ ({all4c{) :
q-$!Bdqc'6{$€$sfs. . .
ql{lrr rfr eisr q+fr efqcs Rl€
q$fu cqrlq{vlq6qrE-< 6. . .
<frqrrflsr,T<q-sfu "trR. . .
qSRsr cclrs qs!frEis{<l<
q$G ctq. . .

@+eflttTfi crrl<Is G. . .
q{fT{i frq expression :
By the way .

Oh,yes...
Oh, that makes me think of . . .
Oh, I {orgot to mention .
To change the subject . . .
To get off the topic for a moment .

To go ofl on a tangent for a minute .

To wander for just a moment

As an aside . . .
Let me tell you one thing as an aside . . .

But one thing before that . .

<t(ql{I (qffi6{) :
gIFII Safi . . .
\e,
s,qlql,qK " . .
q c{6s qRtlscII\r{ erwq. . .

,i cc{, yrsRl\FRntr . . .
ec{'nI* <rq <l?n sfs . . .
!q-+!
ftgqqlq-{t{8fr\{ ccltT s-sFqc<<tsTt{ls. . .
qlrqlFrl{ TCqr ,!a? 6{r€ licR <-acg {gDEs-frq s . .

ftqmcq-< sll qqi cMc{< q"<EEl"fl s-fi {rs . . .

elFflg-c{TFT 6'{l{IR...
eHslsc< qsfrTcltTCE cfilsls. . .

frgsnqrd qsbtsall. . .
 Grammar : Social English 497
Examples :
So, this is a primary view ol what euantum Theory is.
However, let me mention in passing ih.t thi, theoryhas
influenced almost alr other branihes or knowledla i""tuai"g
sociology, psychology, management, and even liinruiri..
Now we are prepared for the main discussion on science
in general, but one thing before that : In former times
cience was not different from philosophy, and it was
philosophy which encouraged mankind to ipeculate about
' natural phenomena.
'1Ji: This case makes me think of another case in which
the consequences were the same, with a few exceptions.

Attracting Others' Attention

(qqr<?r 1.E qTT{"t1

aqqftq fi<rq rrlTfcr<lT *;*? cr[4f ffe6j3 q;ri, \5.carr{ q-{I, <t ,rfiqr.f{
q-{I wt Flrfl -Rfi"r{ qca- qT I Efi
\5K Clcct qGTI't S-{R qk4Q q<
!E qr+{"t
3r<l-< q[{lq-{ qs I <I(4t{ qTd € Stq S-fl( q-{t qfr{ frRsefi
<KqlT F.Al qfift :
qI cs'q.Q, aT{. . .
qt cE-t{, qrF r.m cq . . .
ft-g Qtm&re qsQ W q-rFt s-{k c1-{i e6q+{ expressionec{l srf{l qFp.R-s I

stgg tqc{&18 et expressionec{i {flTR qxEfT TfK slq Dts.Ic{t cs-{ qT; sl
"F
fr*{ cF{lG{ I sr5t6s frfts vFqt-s Ecr<&Iio rcq6 qq1ril{ IE sTo{q s-fl C{ :
Excuse me,
Pardon m€, .
Hi, Peter,
Hey, Manik,
Hey you,
F{ey boy,

qelE
Efd expression formal 4K( vaflEs flT{q expressioneFtl c+-+q qFS
<-$-{q-{rh-{ XF qtT:fi F-{k csrq Rr{W Eg : a
qQrgr;
{F {<i informat r

Look,.....
Lcok there,
Hellow,
Listen"....
Bui listen,
Excuse mel
(i,;;;";'=l : cslel qtfurs sR FIrq< sc$ <t q$ r$ir{ qqcs Ehq ntr
frrq< qfr sr1? r-<ls;ltrq, sfi e.f,-$ ErFl st4 qR expression fu3{ a3t
Eg I f<l sts, 6qrsF 61q13 {qq, { (oF{l sl-€i FgrR, <l csm{E{ frcsT< q(4 <rrl
qlxq; €T{ qT'{ qflfr Etrs "qE ci eR, 3xT'_qsflsrF'
c"r${{ aft g1 lBr+
APTEL--32
498 A Passage to the English Language
vr@ ot< qt-< sR ccrs cfic*t soB &
'{ curn fics urt r qqrE eR ".€ c{
gE, q$"-,{< <Ffq qtfilfs <rys q6{
"Excuse me." gTltrIG[ 64foB <-ryc<
"Yes." fro< Dialoguetr cn{q r

Pardon me, can I use your pen for some time?

Glgr{r "FtsGrcsrErrg)
A: Excuse me.
B: Yes.
A: Could you tell me how I can get to the University?
(ixtfr ffiq]T-{.L.q fr-\r[-{ cft{{ st crt s?R <-qK{ ft?)

Thanking Someone
({qRq cq'fi)

Gq n s+g1{ IlR cqrs) €rq"f F-{r{ vfrs \{-{.Rt

d-ds Frq cers c<fl-Ht E"r+r+
q-{<tqfrrs ET I qj?rls ql 6q-{,.|fi E{-qrs frf<-st q<(q'rrq\il r
fu ft-Wr< et
{{i4qE.l'F{s-{csE{? qq({:

Thanks.
Thank you.
Thank you very much.
Thanks a lot.
Many many thanks. Mr.-
Oh, thank you.
qR trli-fiq< s-pisc< qal'ffi Tffi{ ;
Welcome.
You're welcome.
Most welcome.
Thai's all right.
Don't mention it-
It's a pleasure.
Exarnples :
Thank y$u very much. You have helped me a lot.
My thanks are due to the chairman o{ the committee.
It is he who helped me prepare such an effective and
efficient budget.

Greeting / Introducing som€one

1v&<tc'{ iF-{t)
(TIBr+ Flc?rt atrt qRm rRrr cq:rf)

fir{I qftel Ealq

"ifrD]I
q3.e, <tqfl' csB sF clect {Ru< +Ars frm, vl-ro qqs
q,rsRr qe<iTd crirt E6Rl-q-{ r eR q&qFi-{ ftTtT ftft <i(Ets {fsrE€ v{ csq{
 Grammar : Social English 499

sufrs ir I frg t(r<&F s] il-snTfl< I qG<Fq s-{K qr+ Rcr<&cs cu-flEi

@ expressiona(flI {f{qs q-{ :

Hellowl
Grad to
{j::,} **
It's a pleasure to see you.
It's nice to see you.
It's nice to meet you.
Welcome to our .
It's a pleasure to have you . .' .' (among us)
How do you do.
Good morning.
(<tQ{.) Moming.
How do you do q'{ q<tr{s s-st +efi <Ercs qr< I

Benediction / Well-wishing
CrFft-fiq / tss-$lir{t)

onR csfcrrT-\9--€{ffic{qT<'l {Fiqcq <taswq on+ qrft4cFt.< eltft rqRl-{

r+B'qtfiTq-< q-{'i cslrqt G'roRT5-{ TM arrq ql{fl srs qft<iq cR r
qR
qft{tq q{T{ c6s "rqtr qffi vi-nsR r stqTg s?l{.cqt'F qrftg E"{l{Q ,{{{ 6F[El
ql{frq{cF mFt qR{I CqT I q slrl-Cct spoken English-(i q-di ery\5 spoken
er+r.rsFre 6,i?tt Etrs I {rqrs, qq-ftq <t ev6F{I wt't{.4-{Rt e{j ?sI{&L€
C5-flF< GI expressioneFll <Irl-ds E{ eerqt Cqq :

May you live long.(frdfrft qs r)

May you be happy (in life). (Q-<nnftee r)
(May) God / Allah bless you. $fsR cqqF q{q $-fi{ 1)

Have a good time. (cnx qrfl etft t)

t(li wish youl Best ol iuck. ('furij,sF-{'sR l)

May you Have a good tirne. (Cq-{ Et(4t O?a r)

Eqrq-d"t ccq :

So, young man, I've got to gc now. H ave a good

i n' time.
Sujan : Excuse me.
(ffiffi frn sFolnt : yes.)
Sujan : Hey, Mujib, You're here? llow do you do.
(qRK Efr<, p;fi c'n"cll How do you <io')
Mujib: How do you do.
 500 A Passage to the English Language
Appreciation / Praise / Showing Interest
€{it{-{ / el'tCi{t /slEq efsl.t F{t)
sFr Elfir{ s,Eq c{b c$]rfl ersR proposal) Tl"lE, <l Colr{l sl'csr{ qfrK R€TK
ffiGI ER fi-W'q 6"u qFfrdtl, <t q'rfir c{ co.r6[ E"r+r< +-+m <c{.+ql frE r q<i
Vfr st arqf $t-< ER <t vl< furR E t(ct s-trcs Dl€, <t q< Efirrrt< cfifts
TrylT{ F-irCE 5'ts I qc$rcr yfr fr-stc{ qt T[ilsl-{ €rs[{ s3i-6{? E(r{&.ts C,D-fiD-f
6{5li[ expresson iFf{l3t G[ qT, fisfql <K{f{ s-fl EFv I frqt:qt qRt
;
1;?
'*. Very good.
That sounds good.
That's good.
That will be fine.
good.
That's a good idea.
What a good ideal
I appreciate that very much.
i highly appreciate that.
It's really a gocd idea.
Well done!

Examples :
You've helped me a lot, and I appreciate that very
much.
I've stood first in the exam. - Well done!
How about taking a walks, Tipu? - Oh, that will be
fine.

Asking for Permission

(vTce dsxr)

$lrdTkq cflrrt{fr{t *exnmls{-{TGfisR.t q-$F1q-{ft{<nqtR r q4-{ (s"@

sclt rETR tt-tr{ q{(sil'f ESRI s6o q-sj-s Eqtfrs I <t(El-{ @ tr<rrr< gI{ egl.ri a-a6
q-{t \{lfdl l5il5n t$fr'f expression Tf€kFt< qJtft
:

qtws ffir
qfrft,{t qffi q-+! cnrko ffir
eFffirqlrs q-s[
cr-{tr-fi?ffi |

ftq t(C{e expressionqFflqlfgt q{{ €<i sqlFs I ExpressioneH.l C-Fflr-<

qqC{EWqS:

f;:?l' '
I
Please can have some . ... .?
Can I have Please?
 Grammar : Social English 501

Let me Please.
Pleaseletme.....
Would you allow me to . . , . .?
Would you mind . . . V(ing) . . .?
Examples :
Would you mind my using your pen for some time? (
: Would you mind if I used your pen for some time?)
Can I have a look at your watch please? it looks really
nice.
May I go out for a couple of minutes, sir?

la?
:iil Refusal
(qsrHl'l{)

s'I[il C$t"r{] W{'C<lq <l{F eFrCE <t ersl{ C{{q s-fcE 9ll<rc{ cq srcEl s{l I fuE
E.t cs{ 4l\e EF
c"{ c'5K qT[[q<-r$ q qsit{iF s-{F E3 r frg fr-stc<
eltc? t E?F
ersjFBI{ s-{F qr{? qsr-s Rft\rek<, sl-6s TfiE <l q?F6+ { q{, qtft c-dqR
Fd<sk<? qbt fi-,6< Fcn {$rd tscnrfi e"Fr r frg <Tg <l"lt {fr Bffi-'r q{ sRcE
elrqMr{sefiTfl< ffil-qqTil<qsr{qc;rsrrcl c{ Em.ti'qrw {rs "ft< r

eFoil"ffi cqm s-<t OGs c6+ expressionF qlffir qqm Et cc-vt< ql T<rE
sfretqcqe ql6<-sw;r< qca o? fiil qvt c$lril E'l.l-< alrsr< qt I € sl3rcq qcit
<lt"ilm q\rlg Tsftf q<ET{ o-{t EG\o | €fsI{JI{ e-{l',FF st-{-sF expression
6.q?t I

No, you
{rli::,
I'm afraid not. (ffi Eslho cq qFIIr$ :tl'<qcs ccq r)

I'd rather ihat you didn't. (9<=t(s-<tT{4 l)

No, thanks. (No, thank you)
I'm sorry, you can't .
I wish I could. But (sf iKsl{! .. .frg . . .l
No more, thank you.
Thank you, no more.
It's all right. I can manage. (w|q1 ft-+ sRR r qtfr firqq
"tK< t)
etc.

Examples :
Can I see your pen? - I'm afraid not, because I'm
using it just now.
Are you going to the theatre with me this evening? - I
wish I could (c{cv flr<r{ ql{r{l qf{T q[sl), but I've a
appointment that time.
Should I give you more soup? - No, thanks; what I've
already had is enough.
 502 A passage to the English Language
Giving Permission
(\{-{{e cq-{r)

slr<l rmEsl-{<Itr"1-stir€lS.ist{sfrs q ql{frs qcq, ftS<t cTE cF,|cTI ftRT

q-{{e uErq q"rs q fr[E qrq, frrfi F-s+erEt expression <I{ql;t s-fl qT I

6ql;t:
Yes, please.
Please do.
Yes, certainly / of course / sure.
Oh, sure.
All right. you can . . .

rmay )
you .{can l, lf you . . .

ImightJ

""" {93}
Yes, please, I will
Certainly.
Yes, let's...
Gqtq{.t Cq.t{ .

Rumpa : How does it taste? Good?

Dipa: ffi,Tffi\5net')
gffivmrl r)
Rumpa : (Do you) Want more?
(qr<lFl€O
Dipa : yes, please.
il, Please.
qnnfurF<lsi:
Can I see your watch? - Of course (you can). (q-flft r)
Can I sit beside you, Sir? - yes, please.
May I go inside? - You may, if you have a ticket.

Expressing gratitude
esEq efrF.t)

$trfi rficnl E"ror* .f{q s-?trq, <t css 6q6a1go1-61-a r-sF dtcE, sl{ qq.I Ek
sRq dqrlr< qftat Ts*vt efrl{ F-<rs q I eDR erf. w-e-R <Raq-sFt | fu\rTn
qer+Hfirsq{qql{tqK.l],s I

qqr<:
So kind of you. (vl"lfrqffsqxt fiRrvc{{ r)
You've obliged me. (gq6q <tfQ-'c- +r*rq{ r)
 Grammar : Social English. 503

I'm much obliged to You.

Thank you.
You're so good.
You're so kind.
It's so great of you. (6lqt"l4<qRw)
I'm (very) grateful to you. Fffiq"FKeBps.;
I'm grate{ul / thankful (to you) for your help'
qlfr
FPFK clSftsF sTdl T-sE l)
Examples :
ai"
''.,...
It was so kind of you that you lent me some money
when I badlY needed it.
You're so kind, sir' It's because of your help that (Qq
q"l{f{ qw6{f< q-{rq) I've escaped the danger'
I shall always remain greateful to you for your
invaluable advice.

Farewell
(Frqrl wn6t)
Tt"C$$,lQ 6c164frnn 6-{-{qft'tqllr{t{6-$6-{ SIE {ft :

qfrqqcE r

€7F qfi, CSE;{? qr<F cq-ifi Er{ I

q{TRqT-s rffi r

t(r{Gi6o q{"i frR expression <I{qs E{ I qqcEl tc<t$ {"I-ETlF <le[ EG\5 r

Good bYe.
Bye.
Bye, bye.
See You, bYe.
It's nice to see You again'
Good night.
Go<id daY.
csls {cE-qQ Eqi erfl{ s-?!-F :
I've got to go now.
I've to go now'
Got io go now.

Exclamation
(Rl.lp+<roil
ffi{ fi{c{ qTfl ${t cofim cofc* tfarcq-i' R':r'*, m1s <l Es"l EsFi <tft I

q-{1 lr{lsf{ / qrF{ erfi{ <'-{F R&dglc< 'ts\5 <r<' <Ksl3 s<t q{ I GI-{ :
How + adjective + be + NP (Noun Phrase)l
How nice is the bird!
{l How nice the bird is!
(ftwm {tliBir)
 504 A passage to the English Language
How + adj. + a / an.+noun + itlthis / that. . . +bel
How nice a bird it is!
/
(fi qt-* q-slr ffi{ qr)
What + a / an + adj. + noun + it / that / this .. . + be!
What a nice bird it is!
+Iafi'fseR{ c{ {<-q qEfr{ <l$j {5{ F-{t q-T 41, vt Tar I \e-r{ q{i.slq:| 6Fcq
q.r-lr< EB5. ElEl <rsj <rrr{R
cFcE qi[er {-<RrqI
6-s6q $rafi"Fel-{1-$ <tfro s
1fu xa << , q*q, *
fr'fi
mr{ <l?Fj 't'a"q ot{ .9_tTCe['rs?R6T <r{{-{ T-tr[s qrE, Tqr
<Elre- 6rc-{{ lRrts "tsn SRql I q 4]-gc6l s.cefi"fscR-{ qc< CS.rq qtm q.qrq <fsj
"tbq
o.-srqcg Et[s I 6{:Fi :
How nice!
(fi x.,-<u
What a big bird (it is)!

People's Opinions
(c{lcir{ salt)

Tar<f6R Tc$ qqfi qffs {{c{ firnr< TsrTrs< qnr"ltFr *@trs

fi <rq,' sr€
&eq or< ffi {sl rls q1e- flIc< r slqM ..q Fcl.l cr 6Elcs
1 666-a Sett rr< c's's

<rE, q<s. q 6{ qFfi< sefi T{" Els w5q4 cTT qt?sk< q-$Fl s-<,tn q_ssR q{{
I
Tl?rc6t "@lcs CT <rE"cq" eA *'ilsk< qqi frq expression
{<RR q{
{Ff{l< s-<t I

Fen-{r6r{ sl{i <Kq< s-sc{ <s3l {r{ $-<s *Tfr" q<( r s..{ef
Srqlco
laR expression {[;fl Flf{fl : "lslR-s
They say (tha$ . . . (@n-s<ts. . .)
People say (that) . . .
It's said that . . . (TErqc-< qk-s R . . .)
It's said about him / her / them that . . .
The saying goes that . . . (lt's said that . . .)
There's a njmour that . . . (eq<qlCq C{ . . .)
It's usually believed that . . . (qn"l fr{Fry +-*f {L< effr$. c< .

..)
There's a storythat. . (effiEq'6A 6q . . .)
Ihear...(sE4T)
Examples :
Hey, John, I hear you've got married lately. Is that
true?
In such cases it is usually believed that if the patient
grows no symptom of infection within there days, then
he may be considered sa{e.
They say (fEn-S <({) that God puts us in trouble to see
whether we are good or bad.
It is commonly believed in this locality that this lake
was dug by some supernatural creatures in one night.
 Grammar : Social English 505

Bad feeling
(ffi)
ffi,1"fi, qqR<], qrw €rfi{ F-{l 6ot qFrr6h< fiqiftfi{ qr{q< ersrr.R ck{
qqfqR-qr<q.C\o tR,5FI:
q-{mqt!sln?qrrperEA I

TdqQ rffTrcqqrrq! a{<Fct I

ff
qt-vt <eq vfrr
t
d-bl €FE 'l<I <1b I (q-s! 6Efi 'r<r)
-ir.
ft.q:rqq,fq+-{qyfr, efir
W qfiq< <I+i qtfl qlq.<t T{qt m, q{Rql, q{qq, vqq] ffi ers-H FR r

Ecr{&Ige fr{ expression qtcR GaIfrl .cTR Tllq q<-Efc{{} <Kq\5 q{ r tr5Ft :

What a mess!
It's rather'a mess!
Who the hell are you?
(c€Rn1bqirq<pfr, efrr)
It's rather (too) . . .
Who on earth did this? (6sFl <mFt sr<.cq q-sfql)
What in heaven's name are, you doing?
What the hell are you talking about?
(ftqt<o'Rfrn-<q, efi4
Disgusting! I
Rubbish! I
It's all a rubbish!j

Examples :
'Who on earth broke the glasses? I bought them only
the day before yesterday.
Hey, what the hell are you doing there? Don't you
know that it's a restricted (l<{ftro) area?
It's all a rubbish-this book! I wish I hadn't bought it.

Asking About a Situation

(qRRe qFrcE 51€Tt)

Rnt< c+trqt ffiRfu c{ffi qwco urtcq qrqfl ota? q t-+rd-< ql o?< qffft :

ft<tqt<e
s_
ril qq / <rrer
qcqbtfi, q'l"tr
csrc{l q{'5fi (qmrq)t
' cs]IlTftltr*, qnnr
ffir
 506 A Passage to the English Language
Rrm&iss qq-{sl<T<l-lrofrRfrR expression "F c{ft qR.flrq <r+qtr q_s I

{E{t(Frallerseft{ frsr"tl <r+qR o-+rt strql r frqrET qrort .

What's wrong? (ft <il"lK?)
Hey, what's wrong?
Anything wrong? (C$Ifil qACfi?)
What's the matter? (ilqF ftl))
What's going on here? (qceil ft s{lcql)
." _;. What happeneaf (ft <relr)
Yo What's up with you, x? (ftil"fl< FFrR x?)
What's up, x?

What's going on there-Manik? Why so much noise?

You're sitting here all alone, Peter. Wiat's the matter?
(Is) Anything wrong (pith you), Bill? Why are you lagging behind
(c"iqzq ry1;t
What happened to you last night? there was shouting and crying?

PRACTICE MATERIAL

1. Frame Five sentences expressing the following attitudes,/emotions:

(a) apology; (b) request; (c) greeting; (d) regret; (e) permission.
2. Frame sentences expressing the following attitudes,/emotions (any
five):
(a) request; (b) determination; (c) wish; (d) possibility; (e) permission;
(fl annoy'ance; (g) invitation.
3. Frame five sentences expressing the following emotions,/attitudes.
(a) farewell (b) congratulation (c) regret (d) request (e) permission
4. Frame five sentences expressing the following emotions,/attitudes.
(a) boredom (b) anger (c) polite request (d) invitation (e) greeting.
5. Frame five sentences expressing the following emotions,/attitudes.
ia) benediction (b) permission (c) refusal (d) gratitude (e) exclamation
6. Frame five sentences expressing the following attitudes,/ emotions.
(a) opinion (b) disagreemeni (c) liking (d) thanking (e) greeting
7. Frame five sentences expressing the following emotions,/attitudes.
(a) surprise (b) apology (c) wish (d) boredom (e) refusal.
B. Frame five sentences expressing the following emotions,/attitudes.
(a) dislike (b) apology (c) greeting (d) polite question (e) disapproval.
9. Frame five sentences expressing the following attitudes,/emotions.
(a) farewell (b) surprise (c) gratitude (b) bad feeling (e) digression
10. Frame five sentences expressing the following emotions,/attitudes"
(a) refusal (b) shock (c) permission (d) greeting (e) farewell
 Grammar : Social English 507

11. Frame five sentences expressing the following emotions,/attitudes.

(a) disapproval (b) gratitude (c) agreement (d) greeting (e) surprise
t2. Frame five sentences expressing the following emotions,/attitudes.
(a) invitation (b) proposal (c) refusal (d) polite question (e)
dissatisfaction
13. Frame five sentencps expressing the following emotions,/attitudes.
(a) Threat (b) Emphasis (c) anger (d) gratefulness (e) invitation
14. Frame five sentences expressing the following attitudes,/emotions.
(a) surprise (b) ecstasy,/joy (c) gratitude (d) grief (e) praise
15. Frame five sentences expressing -the following emotions,/attitudes.
'(d)
(a) recommendation (b) invitation (c) polite request assurance (e)
probability
t6, Frame five sentencei'-expressing the following emotions,/attitudes.
(a) assurance (b) grief (c) surprise (d) threat (e) greeting
t7. Frame five sentences expressing the following attitudes,/emotions.
(a) apology (b) criticism (c) anger (d) threat (e) sorrow
18. Frame five sentences expressing the following emotions,/attitudes.s
(a) surprise (b) praise (c) disapproval (d) invitation (e) anger