中华人民共和国电力行业标准

Electric Power Industry S恒ndards of the People's Republic of China

水电水利工程钢闸门制造
安装及验收规范

Specification for Manufacture , Installation and

Acceptance of Steel Gates in Hydraulic and
Hydroelectric Engineering

DL/T 5018- 2004

施行日期 2005 年 4 月 1 日

批准部门:中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会

主编单位:中国葛洲坝集团机电建设有限公司

编译单位:中国水电顾问集团西北院

Implementation Date: April 1, 2005

Approved: National Development and Reform Commission, P.R.China
Drafted: China Gezhouba (Group) Corporation
Translated: Hydrochina Xibei Engineering Corporation

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 Contents
1. Scope .................................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Quoted Nomative Documents ................................................................................................................ 2
3. General Provisions................................................................................................................................. 4
4. Welding ................................................................................................................................................ 6
5. Bolted joints .......................................................................................................................................... 18
6. Surface corrosion protection .................................................................................................................. 20
7. Manufacture Of Gate And Embedded Parts ............................................................................................ 24
8. Installation of gate and embedded parts .................................................................................................. 45
9. Manufacture and installation of trash rack .............................................................................................. 55
10. Acceptance .......................................................................................................................................... 57

APPENDIX A (Informative) Property of Common Used Metal Materials .............................................. 59

APPENDIX B (Normative) Welding technology assessment of stainless clad steel .............................. 66
APPENDIX C (Normative) Preparation of mechanic property test plate for welding technology
assessment, sample size, testing method and qualification standard........... 68
APPENDIX D (Informative) Recommended Format of Welding Technology Guidance and Welding
Technology Assessment Report ............................................................... 73
APPENDIX E (Informative) Composition of Inorganic Zinc Rich Paint for High-Strength Bolted
Connection Face ...................................................................................... 78
APPENDIX F (Normative) Skid Resistance Coefficient and Fastening Moment Testing of
High-Strength Bolt .................................................................................. 79
APPENDTXG (Normative) De-rusting Grade of Steel Surface Prior Painting ........................................ 80

APPENDIX H (Informative ) Calculation Table of Atmospheric Dew Point ............................................... 81

APPENDIX I (Informative ) Inspection of Metal Coating Thickness and Bonding Performance ............. 82

APPENDIX J (Informative) Cast Steel Products for General Works and Structures ................................ 84
APPENDIX K (Informative) Carbon Constructional Quality Steel and Structural Alloy Steel ..................... 86
APPENDIX L (Normative) General Technical Conditions of Forgings .............................................. 89
APPENDED M (informative) Common used materials for slider ........................................................... 92
APPENDDC N (Informative) Physical and mechanical properties of rubber sealing............................. 94
APPENDIX O (Informative) Preparation and Property of High-Strength Gate Epoxy Gasket ............... 95
 1. Scope

This standard specifies the technical requirements and acceptance standard for manufacture
and installation of steel gates (including trash rack, ditto hereinafter) ofwater resources and
hydropower projects

This standard is applicable to manufacture, installation and acceptance of steel gates in

medium and large water resources and hydropower projects. For small hydro projects ,
reference can also be made to it.

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 2. Quoted Nomative Documents

The articles in the following documents quoted in the standard constitute articles of this
standard. For all quoted documents noted with date , the revision sheet followed (excluding
contents for correction) or revised edition are not applicable for this standard. However, the
various parties who have reached an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to
study whether the latest edition of these documents can be used. The latest editions of all
quoted documents without date are applicable for this standard./
GB/T 228 Method of Metal Tension Test in Room Temperature
GB/:r 229 Method of Charpy Metal Notched Impact Test (eqv ISO 148)
GB/T 232 Method of Metal Bending Test (eqv ISO 7438)
GB/T 699 Carbon Constructional Quality Steel
GB/T 700 Carbon Constructional Steel
GB/T 983 Stainless Steel Electrode (neqANSIIAWS A5 .4)
GB/T 985 Basic Form and Size ofWelding Groovefor Gas Welding, Manual Electric
Arc Welding Gas Shielded Welding
GB/T986 Bωic Form and Size ofWelding Groove for Submerged Arc Welding
GB/T 1182 Shape and Location Tolerance General, D听nition， Legend, and Pattern
Representation (eqv ISO 1101)
GB/T 1184 Shape and Location Tolerance without note oftolerance (eqv ISO 2768-2)
GB/T 1231 Technical Conditions of Large High-strength Hexagonal Head Bolt, Nut
and Washer Usedfor Steel Structure
GB/T 1591 High-strength Low Alloy Constructional Steel (neq ISO 4950)
GB/T 1800 .2 Limit and Marriage Foundation Part 2: Basic Provisions 卢r Tolerance ,
Deviation and Marriage
GB/T 1801 Limit and Marr，臼r.ge Selection ofTolerance Zone and .i\彻γiage (eqv ISO 1829)
GB/T 2970 Ultrasonic Wave Detection Methodfor Medium-thickness Steel Plate
GB/T 3077 Alloy Constructional Steel (neq DIN EN 10083-1)
GB/T 3323 Butt Joint Radiogram and Quality Grading ofSteel Dissolved 既ld
GB/T 4237 Hot-rolled Stainless Steel Plate (eqv JIS G4303)
GB/T 5117 Carbon Steel Electrode (eqv ANSIIAWS A5.1)
GB/T 5118 Low Alloy Steel Electrode (eqv ANSI/AWS A5.5)
GB/T 5216 Structural Steel with Guaranteed Hardenability
GB/T 5293 Cαrbon Steel Welding Wire and Fusing Agent for Submerged Arc 肠lding
(eqv ANSIIAWS A5.17)
GB/T 5680 High Mang，αnese Steel Casting
GB/T 6060.1 S，αmple Piece for Comparing Su功ce Roughness Cast Su功ce (eqv ISO
2632-3)
GB/T 6402 Ultrasonic Detecting Methodfor Steel Forgi昭 (neq 丑 S G587)

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2
GB/T 6414 Casting Size Tolerance and Machining Allowance (eqv ISO 8062)
GB/T 6654 Steel Sheet for Pressure 陀'ssels
GB/T 7233 Steel Casting Ultrasonic Detection and Quality Grade Standard (neq BS
6208)
GB/T 7659 Welding Constructional Carbon Steel Castings (neq ASTM A 216)
GB/T 8110 Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel 既lding Wire Used for Gas Shielded
Arc Welding (neq ANSI/A WS)
GB/T 8923 Steel Su功ce Rusting and De-rusting Grade bφre Painting (eqv ISO
8501-1)
GB/T 9286 Paint and Varnish Paint Film Cross Cut Test
GB/T 9443 Steel Casting Penetrant Inspection and Ranking Method of Steel D功ct
Display Trace
GB/T 9444 Steel Casting Magnetic Powder Inspection and Quality Grading Method
GB/T 11345 Steel Weld Manual Ultrasonic Inspection and Results Ranking
GB/T 11351 防ight Tolerance of Cαsting
GB/T 11352 Carbon Steel Castingfor General Engineering (neq ISO 3755)
GB/T 12470 Fíωing Agent for Low Alloy Steel Submerged Arc 防lding (neq ANSI/AWS
A5 刀)
GB/T 14408 Low Alloy Steel Castingfor General Project and Structure
GB/T 15056 Cast Surface Roughness Assessment Method
GB/T 15826.1~9 Machining Allowance and Tolerancefor Hammer Steel Open Forging
(eqv DIN 7527)
GB/T 16253 Bearing Steel Casting (eqv ISO 4991)
GB/T 17854 Stainless Steel Welding Wire and Fusing Agent for Submerged Arc Welding
(eqv 丑S Z3324)
DL/T 679 Welder Technical Examination Regulations
D L/T 5039 Design Specification of Steel Gate 卢r Water Resources and 用ldropower
Projects
JB 4730 Nondestructive Inspection of Pressure 陆ssels
JB/T 9179.1 ~8 Machining Allowance and 岛lerance for Water Press Open Forging
SL 35 Hydrotechnics Metal Structure Welder Exarnination Rules

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 3. General Provisions
3.1 Technical Document

3.1.1 The following documents shall be avai1able prior to manufacture of gate and
embedded parts:
(1) Design drawings, including general drawing, assembly drawing and parts drawing,
and technical documents;
(2) Quality certificates of materials of main steel, welding and antiseptics;
(3) Quality certificates of standardized parts and nonstandard couple pieces.

3.1.2 The following documents shall be avai1 able prior to installation of gate and
embedded parts:
(1) Design drawings, including general drawing, assembly drawing, parts drawing,
relevant civil structural drawing and relevant drawings of gate and hoist, and technical
documents;
(2) Gate ex-factory conformity certificate;
(3) Acceptance document and quality certificate for gate manufacture;
(4) Shipping list, inspection document of goods received and assembly number figure;
(5) Location plan of control points.

3.1.3 Gate shall be manufactured and installed according to the design drawing and
document. If any change is necessary, design change notice shall be issued by following
the relevant provision of contract.

3.2 Materials

3.2.1 The steel used for gate shall meet the specification of design drawing and its
property shall be referred to the relevant provisions in Appendix A and it shall have
ex-works quality certificate. If no quality certificate is available , it must be rechecked, and
it can be used only after recheck up to standard.

3.2.2 If ultrasonic flaw detection is necessary, it shall be carried out according to

Standard GB/T 2970.

3.2.3 Welding materials (electrode, welding wire and 如sing agent) must have ex-factory
quali可 certificate. The chemical composition, mechanic proper句r and diffusible hydrogen
content shall meet the specification of GB/T 5117, GB/T 5118 or GB/T 983. The welding
wire and fusing agent used for submerged arc welding shall meet GB/T 5293, GB/T 12470
or GB/T 17854. The welding wire used for gas shielded welding shall meet GB/T 8110.

3.3 Bench Mark and Surveying Tools

3.3.1 The prec lSl0n of all measuring instruments and ste e1 rulers used for gate
manufacture and installation must meet the following specification:

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 (1) Steel ruler with precision not less than Grade 1;
(2) Theodolite with an accuracy above grade DJ2;
(3) Gradienter with an accuracy above grade DS 3 ;
(4) Whole station, zenith and nadir instruments with a measuring accuracy not less
than one ten thousandth (1/ 10000).
The measuring tools and instruments used for gate manufacture and installation shall
be checked and calibrated regular1y by legal metrological service.

3.3.2 The bench mark used for elevation and setting axis measurement and control points
for installation shall be distinct, firm and easy for use.

3 .4 Marking, Acceptance, Packing and Transportation

3 .4.1 Manufacture and installation of gates and embedded parts shall be accepted in
accordance with the relevant provisions in Chapter 10 Acceptance.

3 .4 .2 Gate shall be provided with identification markings and the contents must inc1ude:
(1) Name ofmanufacturer or emblem mark;
(2) Product name;
(3) Type or main technical parameters;
(4) Production date;
(5) Gate gravity center and gross weight.

3 .4 .3 Gate leaf shall be numbered in sections and machined surface shall be reliably
protected. Embedded parts can be packed up in bales and bolted firmly with steel frame
and accessories shall be encased in whole in case.

3.4.4 When gate is lift up and loaded on truck , its members shall be protected 仕om
damage or deformation and placed steadily at proper positions and reinforced reliably. For
transport of parts with over length, width and height, danger caution plate should be hanged
up and attentions should be paid to protect road, bridge, communication and electrical
fac i1ities.

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 4. Welding

4.1 Assessment ofWelding Technology

4. 1.1 Prior to gate manufacture and installation, the department in charge shall work out
welding procedure specification according to the gate structural features and quality
requirement, which will provide guidance and assessment to welding.

4. 1.2 The so called welding technology assessment is to veri命 the validity and rationality
of welding procedure specification by testing the mechanical and other performance of
welding joints.

4. 1.3 The general process of welding technology assessment inc1udes: studying out welding
technology guide book, welding specimen, preparing sample, checking test piece and
sample, determining welding joint whether has the required usability and developing
welding technology assessment report to assess the welding technology guide book.

4. 1.4 The equipment and instruments used for welding technology assessment shall be at
normal operating conditions. Steel and welding materials must conform to the relevant
standard. The specimen shall be welded by skilled welder with qualified certificate 企om
the department.

4. 1.5 For assessing the welding technology ofbutt weld, butt weld specimen shall be used;
for assessing that of fillet weld, fillet weld or butt weld specimen shall be used; for
assessing that of composite welds (fillet weld plus butt weld) , butt weld specimen shall be
used; and when composite welds member requires full penetration, composite welds
specimen should be increased.

4. 1.6 Welding technology factors consist ofmajor, supplementary and minor factors.
Major factor is the welding technological factor that contributes the tensile strength and
bending property ofweldingjoint.
Supplementary factor is the welding technological factor that contributes the impact
ductility of welding joint. When the impact test is specifi时， it is necessary to increase
supplementary factor.
Minor factor is the welding technological factor that has no obvious contribution to the
mechanical property that is required to be tested.

4. 1.7 If welding method is changed, it is necessary to carry out welding technology

assessment agaín.

4. 1.8 When 阳10 or more welding methods are used or welding technology with different
major and supplementary factors is used for the same weld, assessment can be made
respectively on each welding method or welding technology and combined assessment can
also be made on two or more welding methods or welding technologies.

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After combined assessment up to the standard, one or more welding methods or welding
tecþnologies can be adopted. However, the determined weldment thickness and deposited
metal thickness for each welding method or welding technology shall be respectively kept
within the effective range.

4. 1.9 The specimen for stainless cladding plate welding technology assessment shall be
prepared with stainless cladding plate. The stainless cladding plate welding technology
assessment shall follow the relevant provisions in Appendix B.

4. 1.10 In order to reduce the quantity ofwelding technology assessment, classification and
grouping of mechanical proper句T and welding performance as per base metal chemical
composition can be done according to the provision ofTable 4. 1. 10.
Table 4. 1.10 Classification ofbase metal
Type of steel Class Group Steel grade StandardNo
Q235 GB/T 700
Carbon steel I
20R GB 6654
Q345(16Mn, 16Mnq) GB/T 1591
16MnR GB 6654
Low alloy steel II
Q390 GB/T 1591
2
(1 5 .1\但V， 15 MnTi) GB/T 1591
OCr1 8Ni9
1Cr1 8Ni9
OCr18Ni9Ti
Stainless steel III GB/T 4237
1Cr18Ni9Ti
OCr13Ni5Mo
2
00Cr22Ni5Mo3N

4. 1.11 For imported steel used for the first time , welding technology assessment shall be
carried out on each steel grade. When the welding performance , chemical composition and
mechanical property of this steel grade are known to be equivalent to a certain steel grade
in Table 4. 1. 10 and welding technology assessment has been made on this steel grade , the
imported steel can be exempted from welding technology assessment.
4. 1.12 Welding technology assessment may not be conducted again for one of the
following conditions:
(1) The welding technology assessed up to the standard and verified by the unit that
approved the assessment report.
(2) The "assessment" of higher groups of steel may substitute that of lower group of
steel in Class 11 as per steel classification in Table 4. 1. 10.
(3) The "assessment" of steel in the same group may substitute each other.
4. 1.13 For welding joint consisting of steel in different groups shall be assessed again even
if both groups of steel have passed welding technology assessment respectively. However,
for welding joint consisting of steel in group 1 and 11, if the base material of group 11 has
passed welding technology assessment, that may not be repeated for group 11 base material.
4. 1.14 The effective range ofbase material thickness and weld metal thickness ofweldment

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for which the welding technology of butt welding specimen is assessed up to the standard
shall meet the provision of Table 4.1.14.

Table 4. 1.14 Effective thickness range ofbase and weld metal applicable for welding technology
Unit: mm
Base metal Range ofbase metal Range of weld metal
thickness 0 and thickness applicable for thickness applicable fOr
Application scope
weld metal speclmen speclmen
thickness ta Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Standard tensile 2t, 2t,
1. 5三o(。三8 1. 5 No limit
strength lower 三 12 <12
limit> 540MPa o(t)三8 0.750 1. 50 No limit 1. 5t
Base metal
1.5<0(t)<10 1.5 20 No limit 2t
strength grade Standard tensile
10<0<38 5 20 No limit 2t
strength lower
02:38 5 200 b No limit 2t(t<20)
limit<540MPa
8三38 5 200 b No limit 200 b (t三20)
a: t-refers to weld metal thickness deposited on specimen for a welding method (or technology).
b: Limited to multipass welding of elec位ode arc welding, submerged arc welding and dissolving pole gas shielded welding.

4. 1.15 When the technology which is assessed up to the standard for butt weld specimen or
fillet weld specimen is used for welding fillet weld, the effective range of welding
thickness is not limited.
4. 1.16 Reassessment shall be made for those have passed welding technology assessment
but one ofthe following major factors is changed:
(1) The first two digits of electrode type , welding wire 可pe and fusing agent 可pe 町c
changed;
。) The preheating temperature is over 50 C lower than acceptance value;
0

(3) The shielding gas type , mixing proportion of shielding gases are changed,
shielding gas is canceled and single shielding gas is changed to mixed shielding gas;
(4) The transition mode of dissolving pole gas shielded welding is changed 仕om
Spray arcing, droplet arcing or Pulse arcing to short circuit arcing , or vice versa;
4. 1. 17 日the major fac.tors are same as that of welding technology assessment completed
and only one of the following supplementary factors is increased or changed, test may
carried out on increased impact ductility specimen as per the increased or changed
supplementary factor.
(1) Use non-hydrogen controlled covering electrode instead of hydrogen con仕olled
covering electrode;
(2) Use the lower shock absorption power flux-cored wire instead ofthe higher shock
absorption power flux -cored wire;
(3) Change the current type or polarity;
(4) The welding position assessed up to the standard is changed to vertical up welding;
0
(5) The highest inter-pass temperature is over 50 C higher than the value recorded in
assessment;
(6) The increased line energy or deposited metal volume of deposited metal Volume
has exceeded the acceptable limit;

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 (7) For submerged arc welding and dissolving pole gas shielded welding , multi-pass
welding on each side is changed to single-run welding on each side;
(8) For submerged arc welding and dissolving pole gas shielded welding , single-wire
welding is changed to multi-wire welding or vice versa.

4. 1.18 If the major factors and supplementary factors are same as that of welding
technology assessment completed and only the following supplementary factors are
changed, it is only necessary to modi市 the welding technology guide book but not
necessary to conduct welding technology assessment.
(1) Welding groove form;
(2) Groove root inter space;
(3) Cancel steellining board for welding by one side;
(4) Increase or cancel nonmetal or non-melt metal welding gasket;
(5) Diameter of electrode and w e1 ding wire;
(6) All welding positions except vertical up welding;
(7) Vertical up welding or vertical down welding for root pass need back chipping;
(8) Change post heating temperature range and holding time after w e1ding and before
heat 位eatment;
(9) Current or voltage value;
(10) Weaving welding or non-weaving welding;
(11) Preweld c1 eaning and inter1 amination c1 eaning method;
(1 2) Back chipping method;
(13) Welding wire swing amplitude ，仕equency and standing time at both ends;
(14) Distance from electrode nozzle workpiece;
(15) Manual, semi-automatic or automatic operation;
(16) Whether there is peening weld.

4. 1.19 Mechanical prope时y assessing items for plate butt weld specimen and sample
quantity are listed in Table 4.1.19. Specimen preparation, size, testing method and approval
standard are shown in Appendix C.
Table 4. 1.19 Mechanical property assessing items for plate butt weld specimen
and sample quantity
Specimen Stretch and bending test Impact test
Weld
thickness Surface Back Side Weld Heat-affected
type Stretch
(o)mm bending bending b巳nding zone zone
0<20 2 2 2 3 3
Buttweld
02:20 2 4 3 3
Notel: When the bending performance between base material at both sides of specimen weld or weld metal and base
material is obvious different, it is suitable to adopt longitudinal bending t巳 st instead of lateral bending test.
Longitudinal bending test only adopts surface and back bending samples, two for each respectively.
Note 2: When base material thickness exceeds 20mm, 4 side bending samples may be used instead of 2 surface bending and
2 back bending s缸nples.
Note 3: When impact ductility test is required，世1巳 sample quantity is: 3 samples taken respectively 丘om heat-affected zone
and weld, 3 samples respectively taken from heat-affected zone at each side of hetero steel Joint, and 3 samples
from weld. For combination welding method (technology) , The impact samples shall include the weld metal and
heat-affected zone of each welding method (technology).

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4. 1.20 The specimen of plate combination weld and fillet weld is shown in Appendix C.
Specimen shall be visually inspected on weld and surface defect inspection shall be
conducted in line with the provision of pene仕ant inspection in JB 4730. Then the specimen
is cut into 5 sections for cross section macro metallographical inspection.
4. 1.21 After welding technology assessment, welding duty engineer shall prepare welding
technology assessment report to give comprehensive conc1usions. The welding technology
document assessed up to the standard can be used for production. The format of Welding
Technology Assessment Report is referred to in Appendix D.

4.2 Welder's Qualification

4.2.1 Welders engaged in welding of gate c1ass 1 and 2 weld must be checked out
according to SL35 , DLlT 679 or ((Examination and Management Rules for Welders of
Boi1er, Pressure Vessel and Pipeline)) and hold the welder checkout certificate issued by
hydro and e1 ectricity executive authorities or relevant national department.

4.2.2 The ste e1 type , welding method and w e1ding position shall be corresponding to the
items for checking out the welder.

4.3 Basic Provisions of Welding

4.3.1 Weld is c1assified in 3 categories as per the importance of quality performance.

Class 1 Weld:
(1) Butt welds that constitutes web plate for main beams , side vertical beams and arms
of gate, and flanges;
(2) Butt welds for plates with lifting eyes and lifting stems of gate and trash rack;
(3) Composite welds or fillet welds for webs of main beams and side vertical beams
and flanges joints , butt welds for connecting flanges between main beams and side vertical
beams;
(4) Composite and fillet welds for rotary lifting stems;
(5) Composite welds between partition plate of end post and web of main beam and
end plate of mitre gate.
Class 2 Welds:
(1) Butt welds for skin plate of gate;
(2) Butt welds for webs of main beam and side vertical beams and flanges of 仕ash

rack;
(3) Composite welds and fillet w e1ds between flanges of main beams, side vertical
beams , arms and webs of gate;
(4) Composite welds and fillet welds between plate with lifting eyes and gate leaf;
(5) Composite welds and fillet welds between main beams , side vertical beams and
skin plate of gate;
(6) Composite welds and fillet welds between linkage plate and arms.

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 Class 3 Welds:
Class 3 welds refer to those not belonging to class 1 and 2 welds (except those
designed with special requirements).

4.3.2 Electrode , welding wire and 臼sing agent selected for various welds of gate and
embedded parts shall be matched with the welded steel type. For selection, reference can be
made to the provisions ofTable 4.3.2.

4.3.3 For welding of different constructional steel, welding materials shall be selected as
per the lower strength steel or in line with the specification of drawing; and welding
technology shall be selected as per the higher steel.
4.3.4 Under the following environmental conditions , the welding site shall have reliable
protective barrier and heat preservation measures , otherwise welding shall be prohibited.
(1) Wind speed: >2m1 s for gas shielding welding, >8 m1 s for other welding method;
(2) Relative humidity: >90%;
(3) Raining and snowing environment;
o
(4) Ambient temperature: -20 C for carbon constructional steel; 一 10 C
0

for low
alloy constructional steel; and OOC for medium to high constructional steel.

4.3.5 Welding shall not be carried out before gate and embedded parts are assembled and
inspected up to the standard. Prior to welding, rust，如sed slag, oil dirt and water trace
within 10mm~20mm at both sides of groove shall be cleared up.

4.3.6 Welding materials shall be kept and baked in line with the following requirements:
(1) Electrode, welding wire and fusing agent shall be placed in dry and ventilated
0
special storeroom with a temperature above 5 C and a relative humidity not higher than
60%.
(2) It is advisable for manufacturer or construction site to set up electrode storeroom
and to appoint special person to keep , bake and dispense welding materials , and timely
make the baking measured temperature , dispensing and recovering record. The baking
temperature and time shall strictly follow the specification of electrode instruction manual.
(3) The baked electrode shall be kept in 100oC~150 oC thermostat and the electrode
coating shall not be shed and have obvious flaw.
(4) During welding , elec仕ode shall be placed in heat preservation canister with power
supply, and covering the canister after taking electrode while welding. The time for
electrode kept in canister shall not exceed 4h or it shall be baked again, and baking shall
not be repeated for two times.
(5) The fusing agent for submerged arc welding shall be cleared or completely changed
0
ifforeign matter is mixed in it, and dried up lh in oven not lower than 260 C before use.
(6) Welding wire shall be cleared off rust and oil dirt before use.
(7) Each shielding gas and mixed gas for gas shield welding shall has a dew-point
o
temperature not higher than _40 C.

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 Table 4.3.2 Selection of electrode, welding wire and fusing agent
Manual welding Submerged arc welding Gas shield welding
Inter-
Trade
national Fusing agent Steel type
Type of mark Steel type Type of
Steel grade type Stβel type of of
steel 。fwelding shielding
Inter- welding wire flux-cored
布'11re Trade gas
Ele唱trode national wlre
mark
type
J422y E4303
Carbon EF13一
Q235 J426x E4316 H08A HJ431 日J401 H081也2SiA CO2
steel 4342
J427 E4 315

Q345 J506 E5016 H081位lA HJ431 HJ401

(l 6Ma) J507 E5015 H lOMnSi HJ431 HJ401 H08Mn2SiA C02
(l 6Maq) J507H E5015 H lOMn2 HJ350 HJ402
EF13一
Lowalloy 5042
steel EFI 4-一
J506 E5016 5042
Q390 J507 E5015 H08MnA HJ431 HJ401
(15 MnV) J507H E5015 H lOMnSi HJ431 HJ401 H08且街12SiA CO2
(15 MnTi) J556 E5516-G HI0抽12 H J3 50 HJ402
J557 E5515-G

OCr18Ni9T EO-19-10Nb
HOCr20NilO E308Tl l
Stainless 1 A132 -16 HOCr21Ni H308日 Ar
HJ260 Ti E308Tl2
steel 1Crl8Ni9T A137 EO-19-10Nb 10Ti F410H Ar
HOCr19NiTi E308Tl 3
1 自 15

4.3.7 Tack welding shall conform to the following specification:

(1) The tack w e1ding technology and requirement for welder are same as regular we1d;
(2) For specified preheating weld, preheating shall be carried out within 150mm at
both sides of weld center, the preheat temperature is 20oC~30oC higher than the specified
preheat temperature.
。) The starting location of tacking welding shall be over 30mm from weld end, the
length over 50mm, the interval 1OOmm~400mm， and the thickness not exceeding half of
the regular weld thickness and the maximum thickness not exceeding 8mm. The arc
starting and quenching point shall be within groove and it is strictly forbidden to start arc at
other location on base metal (it is also strictly prohibited to start arc at other location on
base metal for formal tack welding).
(4) Defects offlaw, gasser, slag inc1usion, etc on tack weld shall be removed.

4.3.8 W e1ding and removal of c1amping apparatus , location-plate and other tempora可
members shall conform to the following provisions:
(1) For weld that needs preheating, welding of tools , c1amping apparatus and other
members shall be preheated inline with the provision ofitem 2 in 4.3.7.
(2) When members of tools and c1amping apparatus are welded, arc starting and
quenching points shall be on the members of tools and c1amping apparatus.
(3) For removal of the members of tools and c1amping apparatus , it is prohibited to
remove them by hammering , but they shall be cut off by oxygen-acetylene flame and
carbon arc air gouging at about 3mm from base metal surface without damaging base metal.

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12
It shall be planished with grinding wheel and inspected care臼lly 企ee ofmicro f1 aw.

4.3.9 In order to prevent f1 aw from occurring, the preheating temperature fro class 1 and 2
weld may be determined by oblique Y -type groove welding cracking test or carried out
according to the relevant specification. The recommended preheating tempera阳re for
common used type of steel is listed in Table 4.3.9. During welding the interpass
tempera阳re shall not be lower than preheating temperature and higher than 200 C .
0

Table 4.3.9 Preheating temperature fpr class 1 and 2 welds Unit: .C

Q235 Q345 Q390 Stainless & composite
Plate thickness mm
20R 16MnR(16孔缸， 16 Mnq) (151也V， 15 MnTi) stainless steel
25~30 40~80

30~38 80~100 80~100 60~80

38~50 80~120 100~120 100~150 100~200

Notel: For welds not requiring preheating, base metallower than O.C shall be also preheated to 20.C before welding.
Note 2: For welding different type of steel, The preheating temperature shall be determined as per the steel with higher
strength.

4.3.10 Base metal shall be uniformly preheated with temperature-controlled heating

equipment. The preheating width shall be 3 folds of plate thickness from weld centerline or
not less than 100mm. The preheating tempera阳re shall be measured preferably with
surface thermodetector at both sides symmetrically 50mm 仕om weld centerline. The
measuring points for each weld shall not be less than 3 pairs.
4.3.11 For low alloy steel over 36mm in thickness , it is suitable to adopt post heating
de-hydrogen treatment. Post heating shall be carried out immediately after welding with
duration not less than lh at 250oC~350oC. Post heating de-hydrogen treatment may not be
carried out for welds subjected to stress-reliefheat treatment immediately after welding.
4.3.12 In order to reduce welding deformation and stress , reasonable welding sequence
shall be selected and measures such as skip welding , subsection setback welding ,
multilayer and multi-pass welding or obligate reversible deformation shall be adopted
according to the structure characteristics and groove form. For enclosed weld or work piece
with higher rigidity, the interlayer welding may be accompanied hammering for
stress-relief.
4.3.13 For welds requiring penetrating double side welding , carbon arc air gouge or
grinding wheel shal1 be used to chip back seam and completely remove 阳ck welding at
back gouging side after single side welding. If carbon arc air gouge is used, weld shall be
trimmed with grinding wheel a武er back gouging and carefully inspected to ensure free of
defec t. For preheat welds , preheating shall be carried out before back gouging.
4.3.14 After assembly of welding pieces , local inter space exceeding 8mm but length not
higher than 15% of weld length, it is allowed to carry out overlay welding with the same
welding technology on both sides or one side but the following provisions shall be
followed:
(1) It is strictly prohibited to fill metal material in the inter space;

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13
 (2) During overlay w e1ding surface shall be inspected layer by layer and after overlay
welding the overlay material shall be cut with grinding whee1 to the original groove size;
(3) According to the length and inter space of overlay w e1ding nondestructive
detection shall be added on weld of overlay welding position.

4.3.15 When arc starting and quenching plates are provided at both ends of weld, welding
and removal of shall meet the specification of 4.3.8.

4.3.16 After welding self inspection shall be made by welder. Class 1 and 2 welds passed
self inspection shall be marked welder's code name with steel seal (marking pen made of
high s仕ength steel) and record shall be made.

4.4 Weld Inspection

4.4.1 Visual inspection shall be carried out for each weld and the appearance quality shall
meet the specification ofTable 4 .4.1.
Table 4.4.1 Appearance quality ofweld Unit: mm
Class of weld
No Item 2 3
Pennissible defect size
Flaw Not pennitted
Depth三0 .1 0，
2 Surface inc1usion Notpenni忧ed Length: 0.300 and
<15
Depth三0.5mm; contmuous undercut
length::;10% oftotal weld length, and ::;100;
3 Undercut accumulative total length of undercut at <1
both sides三 15% of total weld length; 但 llet
weld三20%

3 gassers 5 gassers
4 Sueface gasser Notpenni忱ed φ三1. 0mm within φ<L5mmwi世1加

1 m, interval2::20 1 m , interval2::20
8三 12 ,ih=0- 1. 5 。-2

12<0<25 ,ih=0-2.5 。-3

Weld Manual welding
25<0<50 ,ih=0-3 。-4
5 reinforcemenìðh
0>50 &=0-4 。-5

Submerged arc
。-4 。-5
welding
Groove width 2-4 covered on each side with gentle transition
Manual welding
6 Butt weld width
Submerged arc
Groove width 2-7 cov巳:red on each side with gentle transition
welding
三0 .3 +0.050 ， and 三1 ， 三0 .3 +0.050， and 三2 ，
Fi11et weld thickness insufficient (compared to total defect length ::;25 total defect length 三25
7 Notpenni仗时
design weld thickn巳 ss) for every 100 weld for every 100 weld
length length
Manual welding K<12 +~ K > 123
8 Leg of fillet weld K
Submerged arc
K<12 +~
-1 K>12 才
welding

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14
4.4.2 Nondestructive inspector must hold the applicable qualification certificate issued by
the Nondestructive Inspector Qualification Committee of National Water Resources and
E1ec位ic Power Indus问T and Nondestructive Inspection Socie可. Weld quality assessment

shall be carried out by grade II and above inspector.

4.4.3 Intemal weld defect may be inspected by ray or ultrasonic testing while surface flaw
may be inspected by infiltration or magnetic powder inspection.

4.4.4 Nondestructive inspection length percentage oftotal weld length shall not be less than
the specification of Table 4 .4.4, except that otherwise specification is made in drawing and
design document.
Table 4.4.4 Percentage of nondestructive inspection length
Plate 仙ickness Ray testing % Ultrasonic testing %
Type of steel
mm Class 1 C1ass 2 Class 1 C1ass 2
<38 15 10 50 30
Carbon steel
三38 20 10 100 50
<32 20 10 50 30
Low alloy stee1
>32 25 10 100 50
Note: Local inspection positions shall include all t-shaped welds and p缸t ofwe1d by each welder.

4.4 .5 If impermissible defect is found through local weld nondestructive inspection,

additional inspection shall be carried out in its extending direction or on the questionable
position. If the additional inspection shows it not up to the standard, the whole weld shall
be inspected.

4.4 .6 Ray inspection shall be assessed as per Standard GB/T 3323 and the inspection level
is grade AB. Class 1 welds not lower than grade II and class 2 welds not lower than grade
III are qualified. Ultrasonic inspection shall be assessed as per Standard GB/T 11345 and
the inspection level may select grade B. Class 1 welds up to grade 1 and class 2 welds up to
grade II are qualified.

4.4.7 For steel with delayed cracking tendency, nondestructive inspection shall be carried
out 24h after welding.

4.4 .8 For butt weld by single side welding without backing plate, incomplete root
penetration depth shal1 not be higher than 10% of the plate thickness, the maximum not
exceeding 2mm,and the length not higher than 15% of the weld 1ength.

4.4 .9 For composite welds ofplates , if design has no special through welding requirement,
incomplete root penetration depth of web and flange slab shall not higher than 25% of plate
thickness, and the maximum not exceeding 4mm.

4.4.10 For class 1 and 2 fillet and composite welds composed of thick plates, weld surface
testing shal1 be increased.

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15
4.5 Weld Reworking and Treatment

4.5.1 The impennissible weld defect discovered shall be analyzed to find out cause and
work out reworking technology before reworking treatment.

4.5.2. Weld defect shall be removed by selecting carbon arc air gouging or grinding wheel
according t。可pe of steel and reground into groove for welding with grinding wheel.
Before reworking, careful inspection shall be made. If defect is f1 aw , magnetic powder or
penetrant inspection shall be used and when f1 aw is ensured to have been rmoved, can it be
reworked.

4.5.3 If welds for reworking require preheating and post heating , the welds shall be
preheated as per the specification ofparagraph 2 in 4.3.7 before reworking and post heated
as per the specification in 4.3.11 after reworking.

4.5 .4 The same position of a weld shall not be reworked more than two times. The reason
shall be found out for reworking more than two times , and reliable reworking technology
and measures shall be worked out and approved by technical director before reworking
treatment. The welds reworked shall be subjected to defect detecting tes t.

4.5.5 Arcking scotch is strictly prohibited on Base metal, or it shall be bumished with
grinding wheel and inspected free ofmicro f1 aw.

4.6 Postwelding Stress-relief Heat Treatment

4.6.1 Whether post-welding stress-relief heat treatment is carried out and heat treatment
method is adopted for gate and pre-embedded parts shall be determined according to the
constraint conditions of base metal chemical composition, welding performance , thickness
and welded joint, and the application conditions shall follow the design drawing and
technical specification.

4.6.2 Weldment is suitable for bulk stress-relief heat treatment, however due to
conditionality, it may be treated locally or in sections. The heating width at both sides of
weld centerline for local treatment shall be less than 3 times of plate thickness.

4.6.3 Temperature for stress-relief heat treatment shall be determined in line with the
drawing specification or welding technology assessment. The heating temperature for
carbon steel and low alloy steel shall not exceed 580 oc ~620 oc .

4.6.4 The heating speed, constant temperature period and cooling speed of weldment in
heater för bulk heat trea恤lent shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The tempera阳re in heater shall be lower than 300 C when weldment enters it;
0

o
(2) Heating speed: for rising to 300 C , heating speed shall not exceed 220X25/òmax oC 岛，
and 三 220 C 岛， where Òmax is maximum thickness(mm) of plate;
0

(3) Constant temperature: holding time may be 2min~2.5min per mm, and not less

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16
than 30min, and the tempera阳re difference between different positions during holding time
0
shall not exceed 50 C ;
(4) Cooling speed: cooling tempera阳re after constant temperature shall not exceed
260X25/Òmax oC/h, and 三 260 C 岛， where Òmax is maximum thickness(mm) ofplate;
0

(5) Weldment may be taken out for air cooling after heater tempera阳re is lowered to
o
less than 300 C.

4.6.5 After bulk or local heat 仕eatme时， heat treatment curve , s仕ess-relief effect and record
of hardness measurement shall be provided.

289

17
 5. Bolfed joinfs
5.1 Preparation of Bolt Hole

5.1.1 The hole diameter of common bolt or high-s位ength bolt is lmm~3mm larger than
bolt nominal diameter. Bolt hole sha11 match dri11 or be prepared with drilling jig. Bolt hole
sha11 meet the precision requirement of grade IT14 in Standard GB/T 1800 .2.

5.1.2 In order to prevent displacement occurring when members are bored, pin holes 10%
ofthe total number (no less than 2) with the most further spacing sha11 be selected and first
bored, and inserted locating pins. Pin diameter and hole diameter sha11 meet the marriage
requirement ofH7 /k6 in Standard GB/T 1801.

5.1.3 After match drilling, the a110wable deviation of bolt and hole sha11 meet the
specification ofTable 5. 1.3.

Table 5.1.3 Allowable deviation of bolt and hole Unit: mm

No Name Nominal CÞ and allowable deviation

Bo1t
Nominal φ 12 16 。2) 24 (27) I 30
allowable deviation 土0 .43 土0 .52 土0.84

Bo1t
φ
17.5 (24) 26 (30) I 33
2 +0.43 +0.52 十 0.84
hole allowable deviation
O O O
Out of roundness( difference btw max and
3 1.0 1. 50
min φ)
Shall not be more than 3% ofplate thickness , single plate not more
4 Centerline gradient
than 2.0 and mu1tilayer plate Combination not more than 3.0

5.1.4 For surface connected with high s位ength bolts, in order to make skid resistance
coefficient keep at the specified value，让 is suitable to be treated by hot spraying zinc ,
aluminum and aluminum a11oy, and by shelling-out inorganic zinc rich paint after de-rusting
operation. The recipe of inorganic zinc rich paint may be referred to Appendix E.

5.1.5 The joint faces for gates which with high-strength bolts, the skid resistance
coefficient of specimen supplied by manufacturer sha11 be rechecked according to design
requirement before insta11ation. After it is inspected up to the standard, it can be insta11ed.
Specimen and joint plates sha11 be fabricated at the same time, the inspection method of
skid resistance coefficient of 仕iction faces is referred to Appendix F .1.

5.2 Preparation of Bolts

5.2.1 Common bolts and high-strength bolts sha11 be selected as per different strength
grades based on the performance characteristic and setout conditions of connecting pieces,
and conformed to the specification ofTable 5.2.1. Their nuts and washers sha11 be selected
according to the corresponding strength grade.

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18
 Table 5.2.1 Selection of bolts
Bolt & nut coupled by
Strength grade Nut
strength grade
Recommended Recommended
Grade MPa Grade MPa Nut Bolt
material 仕adename material 仕adename

4.6 15 , Q235 4
400 400 10, Q215 4 4.6, 4.8
4.8 10, Q215 4
5.6 25 , 35 5
500 500 10, Q215 5 5.6, 5.8
5.8 15 , Q235 5
6.8 600 35 , Q345 6 600 15 , Q235 6 6.8
*8.8 800 35 , 45 , 40B 8 800 35 8H 8.8S
*10.8 1000 201\也lTiB， 35VB 10 1000 35 ， 45 ， 151\伽.VB lOH 1O .9S
Note 1:刀le figure before decimal point in performance grade is ðbmin/ l00 , that after decimal point is yield strength 10 times
of ðsmu/ðbmin.
Note 2: "*" is high s位ength bolt.
Note 3: For washer HRC35~45 complete with high strength bolt, stee145 or 35 is recommended.

5.2.2 The material performance of common bolt shall meet the specification of Standard
GB/T 700 or GB/t 699. Bolt, nut and washer shall be proper1y kept to prevent rusting and
thread damage.

5.2.3 High-strength large hexagonal head bolt shall conform to Standard GB/T 1231.
High-strength connection suite shall be given c1ear indication of specification, kept in cases
and strict1y forbidden to unpack before use.

5.2.4 High-strength large hexagonal head bolt connection suite shall be rechecked on
torque coefficient as per ex-works lot number before construction, and it can be used when
the average meet the design specification. The computing formula of construction
pre-tightening force , construction torque and inspection torque specified for high-strength
bolts of different performance grades may be referred to Appendix F .2.

5.3 Bolt Tightening

5.3.1 The final suitable tightness of common bolt used for steel structure connection shall
be 50%~60% of bolt's twist off moment, and all bolts' tightening moment shall be kept
even.

5.3.2 Tightening of high-strength bolt consists of initial twisting and fmal twisting. The
initial twisting torque is 50% of the specified moment value and the final twisting is the
specified moment. Bolts shall be tightened symmetrical1y 仕om middle to both ends.

5.3.3 Torque-indicating wrench shall be checked on its moment value, and regular1y
rechecked during application.

5.3.4 The high-strength connection suites inspected up to standard shall be painted 企om
rusting , and the joint fissures shall be sealed timely with paint filler.

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19
 6. Surface corrosion protection

6.1 Pretreatment of Surface

6. 1.1 Before pretreatment, gate surface shall be refurbished and c1eared off rust, fire coat,
oil dirt, welding slag, hydrops , etc.

6. 1.2 Surface pretreatment shall adopt the spraying or slinging rust removal and the
abradant surface shall be c1eaned. The compressed air used for spraying shall be filtered
free of oil and water.

6. 1.3 Gate surface de-rusting shall be conformed to grade Sa2.5 specified in Standard GB/T
8923 , which is visually assessed against photos. For requirements of various de-rusting
grades in GB/T 8923 , see Appendix G. After rust removal, the surface roughness value
shall be Ry40μm~Ry70μm for conventional anti-corrosive paint; and Ry60μm~Ryl00μm
for thick syrup 可pe weight anti-corrosive paint and metal hot spraying. The surface
roughness shall be tested with special measuring instrument or comparison sample blocks.

6. 1.4 For surfaces of embedded parts , the side to be buried in concrete shall be in line with
grade Sal specified in GB/T 8923 , shelled out strong modified cement bonding agent after
rust removal , and buried in concrete after removing oxide skin before installation. The
exposed surface out of concrete shall be de-rusted in line with grade Sa2.5.

6.2 Surface Coating

6.2.1 Primer shall be painted on steel surface as soon as possible after rust removal , within
4h in wet weather and 12h in fine and preferable weather condition.

6.2.2 The coating material used for painting shall meet the specification of design drawing ,
and number of paint layers , layer thickness , interval of painting time , paint preparation
method, and precautions shall follow the design document or the specification of paint
manufacturer.

6.2.3 If gate will not be welded right after erecting, workshop primer shall be painted
within 50mm on both sides of joint groove to be welded to protect groove from rusting,
which will not result in negative effect on weld quality during welding and painting. Af无er
welding , the weld zone shall be de-rusted again and painted by hand or mini句rpe
high-pressure paint spraying machine up to specified thickness.

6.2 .4 Gate shall be painted with primer and finish coat before leaving workshop. The final
finish coat shall be completed after installation and the zone within 100mm~200mm on
both sides of installing weld shall also remain to be painted after installation. If metal hot
spraying multiway protection system is adopted, except that metallic coating and sealing
paint are completed in workshop , the final finish coat shall be painted after installation.

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20
6.2.5 Painting shall not be carried out under the following construction conditions:
(1) Relative air humidity exceeds 85%;
(2) Environmental temperatur叫 construction site is lower than 10 oC ;
0
(3) Steel surface temperature is 3 C and more lower than atmospheric air dew point.
The table of atmospheric dew point calculation is shown in Appendix H.

6.3 Quality Inspection of Paint Coating

6.3.1 Before painting each film , the appearance of back coating shall be inspected. Defects
of holiday, sagging, cockle , etc shall be treated and coating thickness may be measured
with wet film calibrator.

6.3.2 After painting the coating appearance shall be inspected, and its surface shall be even
and smooth without defects such as sagging, cock1e , sparge, pinhole, and flaw.

6.3.3 Coating quality shall conform to the following provisions:

(1) Paint film thickness is measured with film calibrator, measuring point distance is
about 1.0m and over 85% of measured point thickness shall meet the design requirement.
The minimum film thickness shall not be lower than 85% of the design value.
(2) If high bui1d paint is used, pinhole detector shall be adopted to inspect pinholes in
paint film as per the specified voltage value. Inspection may be conducted in various zones
formed by gate girder and longitudinal partitions , spot checking 1O%~20% according to
importance leve1 of gates. At least 5 points shall be tested in one zone with a detecting
distance of about 300mm. For pinholes discovered in less than 20% of the detected zone ,
this zone shall be considered up to the standard. The discovered pinholes shall be bumished
with emery paper or grinding wheel and madeup painting.
(3) Inspection ofpaint film adhesion:
1) When film thickness exceeds 120μm， two lines with an inc1uded angle of 60 0 are
cut through to metal surface on paint coating, an adhesive c1 0th tape is stuck firmly on the
cut and then the adhesive tape is quickly tom up in normal direction, and the coating with
no chipping is considered qualified.
2) When film thickness is less than 120μm， two groups of equidistance (1 mm~2mm)
parallellines normal to each other are cut with special uncapping-knife on coating surface
to forr丑 a set of panes. The grade of film adhesion is checked as per the specification of
Table 6.3.3 in accordance with GB/T 9286 , and the first 3 grades are qualified film.
Table 6.3.3 Inspection of paint ÏIlm
Grade Result
。 The cut edges are completely smooth and no pane comes off.

1 A few thin coating pieces are separated at cross cut and the affected cut 缸ea is evidently not more than 5%.

Coating coming out along cut edges and at cut cross is evidently more than 5% , but the affected area is
2
evidently not mor巳 than 15%.

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21
 Grade Result
Coating coming out partly and completely in large patches along cut edges or shelling out partly and
3 complet巳 ly at different positions of panωevidently exceeds 15%, but the affected cut 缸ea is evidently not

more than 35%.

Coating shelling out in large patches along cut edges or some panes partly or completely coming out evidently
4
exceeds 35%, but the affected cut area is evidently not more 也an65%.
5 Chipping level cannot be identified even as per grade 4.

6.4 Metal Spraying

6.4.1 Metal wire used for metal spraying shall meet the fol1owing requirements:
Zinc content of zinc wire shall be higher than 99.99%;
Aluminum content of aluminum wire shall be higher than 99.5%;
Aluminum content of allumen wire shall be 13%~35% ， the rest is zinc;
Magnesium content ofmagaluma wire shall be 4.8%~5.5% ， the rest is aluminum;
Metal wire shall be c1ean and smooth free of rust, oil and creasing; and have a diameter
of φ2.0mm~φ3.0mm.

6.4.2 Thickness of metal coating shal1 be determined according to working environment

and gate structure as per requirement of design drawing; and it can also applied according
to different spraying materials as per the following thickness:
1. 100μm~120μm for sprayed aluminum, allumen and rare-earth aluminum admixing
metal coatings;
2. 120μm~150μ.m for sprayed zinc coating;
3. 100μm~120μ.m for sprayed magaluma admixing metal coating.

6.4.3 Steel surface after rust removal shal1 be sprayed as soon as possible, within 2h
generally and 8h at most under fine and preferable weather condition.

6.4 .4 The construction conditions for surface metallic spraying must meet the specification ,

of6 .2 .5.

6.4.5 Metal spraying shall be as uniformly as possible and spraying jet shall be mu阳al1y

Perpendicular and crossing over1 apped.

6.4.6 Coating after inspection up to standard shall be sealed up with paint specified in the
design drawing according to application requirement. Before painting, coating surface shall
be c1eared off all dust, and painting shall be carried out as coating is sti11 warr丑.

6.5 Quality Inspection of Metal Coating

6.5.1 Coating surface shal1 be uniform in appearance free of defects such as inc1usions ,
pe e1ing, void, irregularity, coarse partic1e, falloff and flaw. A few inc1usions may be picked
out and scraped off and large area of defects shall be chis e1ed off and re-sprayed.

6.5.2 Thickness of metal spraying coating shall be measured with magnetic thickness tester.

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22
For this method of measuring nonmagnetic coating thickness on magnetic base body, see
Appendix I.

6.5.3 Bonding property testing of meta11ic coating shall adopt the grid cutting method. For
testing results , metal and base body shall not have any exfoliating phenomenon within the
criss-cross cut sample. The testing method is described in Appendix I.

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23
 7. Manufacture Of Gate And Embedded Parts

7.1 Manufacture ofParts and Members

7. 1.1 For working out manufacture technology of parts and members, weld shrinkage and
oversize for machining position shall be fully considered.

'7.1. 2 For parts cut 仕om steel plate and section steel, their limit deviation if not specified
shall be in line with the specification ofTable 7. 1.2.
Table 7. 1.2 Limit deviation ofparts Unit: mm
Limit deviation
Principal dimension
Cutting Planing (milling) edge
三 1000 土2.0 土0.5

>1000~2000 土2.5 土1. 0

>2000~3150 土2.5 土1. 5

>3150 土3.0 土2.0

7. 1.3 For cutting steel plate and section steel, requirements for cut surface shape-location
tolerance and surface roughness are as follows:
(1) When cut surface of steel plate or section steel is the edge to be welded, it shall be
free of defect that impose negative effect on welded joint quality; section roughness
Ra三50μm; linearity tolerance in length Direction 三 0.5/1000 ， and 三 1.5mm; squareness
tolerance in thickness direction 三 0.5mm for plate thickness õ三24mm; 三 1.0mm for
õ>24mm. If there are few local deep cuts , it is allowed to adopt the electric welding
method to conduct makeup welding , but makeup welding must follow the relevant
provisions in this Standard. It shall be planished after makeup welding.
(2) When cut surface of steel plate or section steel is not the edge to be welded, it shall
be smooth and regular free of bur; linearity tolerance in length direction not exceeding half
of the dimension tolerance in Table 7.1 .2; squareness tolerance in thickness direction not
exceeding 1/1 0 of thicknes.s , and 三 2.0mm.

7. 1.4 The basic form and size of welded joints groove shall conform to the relevant
provisions of GB985 and GB986.

7.1.5 The parallelism and squareness tolerance between edges of steel plate shall be half of
the corresponding dimension tolerance.

7. 1.6 After correction, planeness of steel plate, lineari句T of section steel, squareness of leg
of angle , squareness of 1-steel and channel steel wing edge and their twist shall meet the
specification ofTable 7. 1. 6.

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24
 Table 7.1.6 Form and position tolerance ofparts Unit: mm
No Name Figure Tolerance

Within 1m:

十 i销'
Planeness of steel plate 8三4:t<2.0
1
and flat steel (。 ' 0>4-12: t< 1. 5
0>12: t< 1.0

Squareness of angle steel, 1110000flength

2
1-steel and channel steel but not higher than 5.0

在这二
Squareness of leg of angle
3 A三b/100
(Ll)

EE
Squareness of I-steel and
A三b/30
4 channel steel wing edge
and Ll三2.0
(Ll)

Section steel Section st忘el heightH

length L 三 100 >100
<2000 e< 1.0 巳三1. 5

巳一 0.5 L e一一 0.75 L

Twist of angle steel, 1000 1000
5 1-steel and channel steel
(e)

藏专
>2000
e三2.0

7. 1.7 The dimension tolerance and shape-location tolerance for individual member erecting
shall meet the relevant specification in Table 7. 1. 7. The member deformed after welding
shall be corrected and form and position tolerance of the corrected individual member shall
meet the relevant specification in Table 7.1.7.
Table 7. 1.7 Tolerance ofmember erecting Unit;mm
TH

No I Name Figure Tolerance or limit deviation

由

Member width b

2 I Member height h 土2.0

3 I Web Interval c

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25
 No I Name Figure Tolerance or limit deviation

矗立I
a三b/150 ， and not higher than 2.0

叮町
Squareness of wmg
4 I edge plate
to web a E ~.

E
la三0.003b， and not higher than 2.0

Deviation of web to
5 2.0
wing edge plate center e

6
Local planeness of web
A
d$Þ þ Not higher than 2.0 within each
meter

Not higher 仕lan 1. 0 for member not

longer than 3m; scaling up 0.5 per
7 Twist
meter increased and not higher than
2.0 atmost
Face (stress surface) 1/1500 of member length, and not
8
bend degree higher than 4.0
1/1000 of member length, and not
9 edgewise bend degre
higher than 6.0

7. 1.8 Deformation of parts and individual members may be corrected with mechanical
method and local flame heating method as wel1. If the local flame heating method is
adopted, the temperature in the heating area shall be strictly controlled not exceeding
0
650 C (in dark red).

7.2 Castings and Forgings

7.2.1 According to stress condition, importance level and working conditions of parts ,
castings and forgings shall be c1assified as follows:
Class 1 castings and forgings: Used for bearing complex stress , shock vibration and
under heavy working conditions. If failure or damage occurs , this kind of parts wi11 directly
produce serious results, such as major accident, endanger human life or lead to system
malfunction.
Class 11 castings and forgings: Used for bearing fixed heavy load and minor shock
vibration. If fa i1ure or damage occurs, this kind of parts wi11 directly effect on failure and
damage of other parts , and the normal function of a certain part, but wi11 not lead to major
failure , endanger human life or lead to system malfunction.
Class 111 castings and forgings: Used for bearing fixed load but not subject to shock

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26
 and vibration working conditions. Damage of this kind of parts w i11 result in local fault.
Class IV castings and forgings: Used for parts bearing less large load, not considering
strength and possessing a large safe可 factor.
Class V castings and forgings: The castings and forgings except for those in the above
4 classes.

7.2.2 The testing items of various classes of steel castings are specified in Table 7.2.2.
Table 7.2.2 Testing items of steel castings
separate cast test bar Steel casting
mechanical
Chemical Non-
Class property Hard- Dimension Weight Rough- Surface Airtight-
compo- des位uctive
σb 、 crsor ness tolerance tolerance ness quality ness
sition testmg
σ0.2 、 05 、 v

Class 1 V V V V V V V V O

Class II V V V V V V V V O

Class III V O V O O V O
Class IV V
Class V
Notel: "V"represents it巳m must be tested; "0" represents item tested according to design requirement; "一" represents item
not be tested.
Note 2: Separate cast test bar shall meet the requirement ofFig 1 in GBI1352 , and lot is classified as per heat.

7.2.3 Excepted as otherwise stated herein, the trademark of cast steel used for general
engineering and structure and its casting's technical conditions shall meet the specification
of GB/Tl1352 or GB/T14408; the trademark of cast steel used for cast-weld structure and
its casting's technical conditions shall meet the specification of GB/T7659; the trademark
of cast steel for bearing pressure and its casting's technical conditions shall meet the
specification of GB/T16253; the trademark of abrasion Resistant high manganese steel for
bearing shock load and its casting's technical conditions shall meet the specification of
GB/T5680;
The chemical composition and mechanic property of general engineering carbon steel
casting and low alloy steel casting shall be referred to the specification of Appendix J.

7.2.4 When class 1 and 11 steel castings are made , the smelting process and foundry
technique shall meet the following provisions:
(1) Electric 町C 也mace or induction fumace is suitable for smelting cast steel, if
necessary it should be refined outside fumace to remove gas and inclusions in liquid metal,
purl马T metal and improve the quality of cast steel.

(2) Selection of foundry material, preparation of moulding sand (core sand) and
coating material shall meet the requirements of long casting, large area and high structure.
(3) For working out casting technology, computer simulating as-cast condition test
shall be carried out to veri命 the foundry technique.

299

27
7.2.5 Except for other design specification, steel casting may be mended up with welding
method.
Before mending welding , all defects shall be c1eared up to expose intact metal surface.
Groove surface shall be trimmed smooth and have no sharp comer. For defects of cracks ,
crack回arrest hole shall be made to prevent crack from extending, and magnetic powder
inspection or penetrant inspection shall be adopted to inspect the repair welded zone and
veri马T all defects completely removed. For steel castings with poor we1 ding performance

and high cracking tendency , preheating is necessary before repair welding , the temperature
of preheating area during welding shall not be lower than the lower limit of preheating
temperature , and stress-relief heat treatment shall be carried out after welding , if necessary
intermediate heat treatment shall be carried out during repair welding.
Repair welding shall strict1y follow the relevant provisions herein.
When repair w e1ding groove depth exceeds 20% of wall thickness or 25mm or groove area
exceeds 65cm2, it is considered major repair welding. Major repair welding shall be
accepted by designer and submit to supervisor for approval. Major repair welding must
have technical record, timely, correct1y and truly recording the actual conditions during
welding.
Steel casting shall not have any more repair w e1ding after final behavior heat treatment.

7.2.6 Carbon and al10y steel castings may adopt annealing, normalizing or quenching plus
tempering treatment, and high manganese steel shal1 adopt water-tough treatment.

7.2.7 Surface roughness of steel casting shal1 be inspected by comparing to the s创nple
block specified by GB/T6060.1 , and assessed according to the method specified by
GB/T15056 and meet the specification of design drawing.

7.2.8 Size of steel casting and machining al1 owance , determining method and inspection
assessing rule shall meet the specification of GB/T6414.
Value of cast weight allowance , determining method and inspection assessing rule shall
meet the specification of GB/T 11351.

7.2.9 Surface quality of steel casting:

(1) Casting surface shall be c1eared, trimmed off fin and bur and removed off repair
patch, sand fusion, iron scale and inner chamber relic t.
(2) Gating-and-risering residual root shal1 be c1eared and leveled off.
(3) Casting surface shall be 仕ee of flaw , cold shut and shrinkage porosity and the
machining surface permits presence of surface defects within machining allowance.

7.2.10 Intemal quality of steel casting:

Class 1 and II steel castings shall be inspected and assessed on intemal quality in line
with Standard GB/T7233. The key position quality grade shall conform to grade 2 for c1ass
1 steel castings and grade 3 for c1ass II steel castings.

300

28
7.2.11 Mould or print mark shall be made on the non-machining surf坦ce of each casting and
the contents shall include manufacturer name or code number, heat No or inspection lot No.

7.2.12 Steel castings shall be provided with quality certificate according to lots and the
contents shall include: purchase contract No , casting name and design drawing No , cast
steel trademark, heat No and lot No , heating treatment type , check results and standard No.

7.2.13 Steel bar, ingot and bloom used for castings shall be killed steel and the trademark,
technical requirement, testing method and inspection rule shall conform to the provisions in
GB/T699 or GB/T3077 , and the chemical composition and mechanical property shall
follow the provisions in Appendix K. For forgings requiring hardenability guaranteed, the
technical requirement, testing method and inspection rule shall meet the requirements of
GB/T5216. Steel used for forging must be provided with ex-works certificate, ifnecessary
requirement may be put forward for supplementary tests , such as defect detection ,
toughness at cryogenic temperatures, grain size number, inclusion, metallurgical structure,
etc.

7.2.14 Inspection items and quantity of various forgings shall meet the specification of
Table 7.2.14.
Table 7.2.14 Inspection items offorgings
Te咀ting item and quantity
Tension Batch and group
Class Chemical
Hardness (町、 σs or Impact (A0 condition
composltlon
σ0.2、 05 、'1')
Each heater No 100% 100% 100% Piece by piece
2% for each batch Per same steel
2% for each batch but
II Each heater No 100% but not less than 2 trademark and
not less than 2 pieces
p Jeces heater
Per same steel
III Each heater N 0 100% trademark and
heater
5% for each batch Per same steel
IV Each heater No but not le咀 s than 5 trademark and
pleces heater
Per same steel
V Each heater No
位ademark
Notel: Each batch of forgings shall be made by the same drawing, or by different drawings but the shap巳 and size of
forgings in each batch and group must be similar.
Note 2: After testing by percentage , the remainder less than one piece shall be taken as one.
Note 3: The hardness value of class 1 and II shall not be the basis of acceptance.

The permissible deviation of chemical composition and permissible depressed percentage

of mechanical proper句T in lengthwise, radial, transverse , and tangential directions shall
follow the provisions of Appendix L.

7.2.15 Hydraulic press , forging hammer and etc used for forge work shall have sufficient
energy to ensure thorough forging. The rate of reduction in main section shall not be lower
than 3 (2 for electroslag-melted steel) for steel ingot or bloom and 1.6 for steel bar. Heating,
initial and final forging temperature of workblank and cooling of forging shall follow the

301

29
relevant technological provisions and technical record shall be made.

7.2.16 Machining allowance and tolerance of forging shall conform to the provisions of
GB/T15826.1~9 or JB/T9179.1~8.

7.2.17 Forged surface shall be free of crack, shrinkage cavity, fold , interlining, and forge
injury. The defect on surface to be machined shall not be deeper than 50% of single-side
machining allowance.

7.2.18 Forging with defect of white flake shall be rejected and the forgings from the same
heater No and same heat treatment heater shall be checked one by one.

7.2.19 For class 1 and 11 forgings , intemal quality inspection and assessment shall be
carried out in line with GB/T6402 , and the qua1ity of key position shall be up to grade 2 for
class 1 forgings and grade 3 for class 11 forgings.

7.3 Manufacture of Embedded parts

7.3.1 Except for otherwise specification herein, the manufacturing tolerance of steel members
pre国embedded in various gate chambers including botlom sill, main rail, auxiliary rail, opposite
rail, sealing seats, lintel, side wheel guides, side rail , steel beam for trunnion, parapet with
water sealing requirement and steelliner shall meet the specification ofTable 7.3.1.
Table 7.3.1 Tolerance of embedded parts with water sealing requirement Unit: mm
Allowance
No Item
Member surface not machined Member surface machined
Working face 1/2000 of member le咱也 and not
l 1/1500 ofmember length and not bigger than 3.0
linearity bigger than 1.0
1/2000 of member length and not
2 Side linearity 1/1000 of member length and not bigger than 4.0
bigger than 2.0
Working face local Not bigger than 1. 0 within 1m and not more than Not higher than 0.5 within 1m and
3
planeness 2 places not more than 2 places
For members shorter than 3.0m, not higher than
4 Twist 1.0; scaling up 0.5 per 1.0 meter increased and
not bigger than 2.0
N otel: W orking face linearity, measured along working face in normal direction of corresponding support beam web.
Note 2: Side linearity, measured along working face in side-direction ofwelded partition or gusset.
Note 3: Twist refers to the misfit value at the cross point ofmember's two diagonallines.

7.3.2 The manufacturing tolerance of parapet and steel liner with no water sealing
requirement shall meet the specification of Table 7.3 .2.
Table 7.3.2 Allowance of embedded parts with no water sealing requirement Unit: mm
No Item AUowance
1 Working face linearity 1/1500 ofmember length and not bigger than 3.0
2 Side linearity 1!l 500 ofmember length and not bigger than 4.0
Working face local
3 Not bigger than 3.0 within 1m
planeness
For members shorter than 3.0m, not higher than 2.0; scaling up 0.5 per 1. 0 meter
4 Twist
increased and not bigger than 3.0
Note: Same as Table 7.3 .1

302

30
7.3.3 The machining precision of main rail bearing trough and bearing plate for plane
cate叩illar gate shall not be lower than the requirement of grade IT8 in Standard GB/TI800 ,

and the linearity of 位ough bottom surface shal1 meet the specification ofTable 7.3 .3.
When design specifies that surface heat 仕eatment shal1 be carried out for the main rail
bearing plate , heat treatment technology shal1 meet not only the requirement of surface
hardness but also the requirement of hardness distribution.
After bearing plate is erected on main rail , joint dislocation shal1 not be bigger than O.lmm,
and the linearity al10wance of main rail pressure face shal1 meet the specification of Table
7.3.3.
Table 7.3.3 Allowance of main rail trough bottom surface and pressure face Unit: mm
Allowance
Main raillength
Main rail trough bottom surface Main rail pressure face
::;1000 0.15 0.20
>1000~2500 0.2 0 0.30
>2500~4000 0.25 0.40
>4000~6300 0.3 0 0.5 0
>6300~10000 0.40 0.60

7.3 .4 For high head radial gates (including radial gates adopting hydraulic control
retractable type and eccentric trunnion shaft type for water-stopping ) with projecting type
gate slot, the permissible deviation of curvature radius of sealing support base surface on
side rail shal1 be 土2.0mm and its deflecting direction shall be conformed to the curvature
radius deviation of positive camber of gate leaf panel. For general radial gates , the
permissible deviation of center curvature radius of side seal plate and side wheel guide
plate on gate slot shall be 土3.0mm.
7.3.5 The permissible length deviation of bottom sill and lintel shal1 be _:g mm, and if
bottom sill is not inserted between other members , the permissible deviation shal1 be
土4.0mm. The permissible width deviation of p叫et 血11 be _:~ mm, and the diagonal line
relative difference shal1 not exceed 4.0mm.

7.3.6 The square stainless steel for welding main rail, sealing plate and skin plate for main
rail shall be pressed fit with local clearance not bigger than O.5mm and length of each
section not exceeding 100mm and accumulative length not exceeding 15% of the total
length. The permissible width deviation of cast steel main rail bearing surface (roller face)
shall be 土3.0mm.

7.3.7 When sealing seat is located on main rail , the permissible deviation of distance c from
sealing seat at any cross section to main rail surface shall be 士O.5mm， the permissible
deviation of distance a from sealing seat center to main rail face. center shall be 土2.0mm.
The Correlation of sealing seat and main rail surface are shown in Fig 7.3.7.

7.3.8 When sealing sera is provided on opposite rail, the permissible deviation of distance c
仕om sealing seat at any cross section to opposite rail working face shall be 士2.0mm， the

303

31
pennissible deviation of distance a from sealing plate center to opposite rail working face
center shall be :!:3.0mm. The Correlation of sealing seat and opposite rail working face are
shown in Fig 7.3.8.

l-main rail face (machined bearing surface); l-opposite rail working face (refers to opposite rail
2-sealing seat (machined su由ce) contacting position, non-machined surface);
2 宙 ealing
plate (machined surface)

Fig 7.3.7 Correlation between sealing Fig 7.3.8 Correlation between sealing seat and
seat and main rail face opposite rail working face

7.3.9 Ifprotective steel angle is concurrently used as side rail, the pennissible deviation of
its distance a 仕om main rail face (or opposite rail working face) center shall be 士3.0mm
and the squareness tolerance between side rail and main rail face (or opposite rail working
face) shal1 not be bigger than 土l. Omm (See Fig 7.3.9).

3 罩

l-main rai1 face; 2一一opposite rai1; 3-protective steel angle

Fig 7.3.9 Correlation ofprotective steel angle and main rail (opposite rai1)

7.3.10 The planeness tolerance of trunnion and bracket, axiality tolerance of trunnion axis
hole and bracket axle hole shall meet the precision requirement of grade B in GB 1184 and
the surface roughness Ra三25μm. Connection bolt holes of trunnion and ann shall be made
by fonnworks overcoring.
Plane of the trunnion of oblique ann radial gate shall be nonnal to the angular bisector of
anns included angle , and the inclined angle of angular bisector of anns shall meet the
requirement of design drawing.
For adopting self-lubricating bearing, the dimension preClSlOn of .shaft and holes of
trunnion shall meet the fitting requirement of bearing. Spherical trunnion is shown as Fig
7.3.10.

304

32
 l-hinge; 2-bracket; 3-shaft; 4---spherical bearing
Fig. 7.3.10 Spherical trunnion

7.3.11 Embedded parts fabricated in sections shall be preassembled in workshop. For

preassembly, the parts may put together vertically or horizontally, but the following
provisions must be followed:
(1) The erecting relation and geometrical figure of various members shall conform the
design drawing.
(2) The entire physical dimension and tolerance shall meet the relevant specification
in Chapter 8 herein.
(3) Rotating type sealing device shall be rotated flexibly without any obstructing
phenomena.
(4) The displacement of subassembly of neighbouring members shall meet the
following specification:
1) Displacement for working surface of main rail of chain wheel gate shall not
exceed O.lmm.
2) Displacement for other machined surface shall not exceed O.5mm.
3) Displacement for surface without machined shall not exceed 2.0mm.
(5) After inspection of preassembly work is up to the standard, center1 ine shall be
strikingly marked on the working face and sealing face of embedded parts and checking
lines shall be plotted at 150mm on both sides of intersection plane, if necessary, locating
device shall be provided. All embedded parts shall be numbered and packed according to
the relevant provisions herein.

7.4 Manufacture of Plain gate

7.4 .1 Except for otherwise specification herein, the tolerance or limit deviation of plain
gate leaf manufacture and assembly shall meet the specification of Table 7 .4 .1.

305

33
 -u-EEE--

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σ8-
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OLWE

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画 E
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帽 『 JEU-h
『黠FKmEE
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Fig

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No Item Leafsize Tolerance or limit de飞tiation Remarks

三 1000 土3.0

Leaf thickness b >1000~3000 土4.0

>3000 土5.。

:::;5000 土5.0

>5000~ 10000 土8.0

a Leaf outline height H
2 >10000~15000 土 10.0
Leaf outline width B
>15000~20000 土 12.0

>20000 土 15.0

The bigger size of gate

height or width:
<5000 3.0
relative difference of diagonalline
3 >5000~10000 4.0
IDI-D21 >10000~15000 5.0
>15000~20000 6.0
>20000 7.0
<10000 3.0
4 Twist
>10000 4.0
B/1500 ,and not bigger than
5b Leaf lateral direction linearity f l
6.0
Hl 1500,and not bigger than
6b Leaf vertical direction linearity f2
4.0
三 10000 土3.0

>10000~15000 土4. 。
7 Center distance ofboth side girders
>15000~20000 土5.0

>20000 土6.0

三 10000 3.0
Parallelism ofboth side girders >10000~15000 4.0
8
11二 11 >15000~20000 5.0
>20000 6.0
Dislocation of longitudinal pass
9 3.0
partition plate
Local c1earance of junction plane of
10 1.0
panel and girder
Skin plate thickness ù: Within each meter not bigger
than
11 I Skin plate local planeness :::;10 5.0
>10~16 4.0
三 16 3.0
12 1 line彻ity ofleafbottom edge 2.0
13 I Obligueness ofleaf bottom edgβ2C 3.0

306

34
 Planeness of bottom edge~ of both
14 2.0
side g让ders
Planeness of intersection sealing
15 2.0
plate
16 Planeness of sealing seat surface 2.0
Distance 企om sealing seat plate to
17 土1. 0
bearing surfac巳
Distance from side sealing bolt holes
18 土1.5
center to leaf center
Distance 企om top sealing bo1t holes
19 土3.0
center to leafbottom edge
20 Height ofbottom sealing seat plat巳 士2.0

Center distance of automat1c

21 土2.0
coupling locating holes (or pins)
Note a: The difference of corresponding sides of leaf width Band H shall not bigger than half of the corresponding size
tolerance (This specification applies to other type of gates).
Note b: The lateral direction linearity of gate leaf shall be measured through beam center line and the vertical1inearity shall
be measured through two side girder center lines. The water-side fac巳 in projecting direction shall be obtained the
entire leaf bending s位ess ， if air face in projecting direction appears, its linearity tolerance shall not be bigger than
3.0mm. However, if otherwise specification is made in drawing, the drawing specification shall be followed.

7.4.2 In order to ensure stabi1ity of entire 1eaf shape and physica1 dimension, stress-re1ief
仕'eatment shall be carried out after 1eaf we1ding of p1ain caterpi11ar gate is comp1eted.

When design drawing requires machine work on gate 1eaf, the following requirements shall
be satisfied:
(1) The permissib1e distance deviation between corresponding p1anes shall be :1:0.5.
(2) The contacting surface p1aneness of both 1eaf sides and 1oad-bearing runway shall
not be bigger than O.3 mm.
(3) The paralle1ism to1erance ofparalle1 p1anes shall not be bigger than 0.3mm.
(4) The surface roughness of each machined face Ra三25μm. F1ange thickness of
slabeams shall conform to design drawing va1ue and 1oca1 permissib1e deviation shall be
-2.0mm.

7.4 .3 Manufacture ofmajor parts ofp1ain caterp i11 ar gate (whee1, 1oad-bearing runway and
non 1oad-bea:ting runway) shall satis市 the following requirements:
(1) The workb1ank materia1 of major parts shall meet the re1evant specification herein.
(2) The dimension to1erance of major parts may be se1ected as p町 the precision of
grade IT6~IT8 in GB1800 , the surface roughness Ra三3.2阳1.
(3) When design requires surface heat treatment to be carried out on 1oad-bearing
runway, heat treatment techno1ogy shall satisfy the requirement of not on1y surface
hardness but a1so hardness distribution.

7.4.4 Whee1s and sleeves shall be processed according to the fitting to1erance. required in
drawing. The inner ho1e to1erance of sleeve shall not be 10wer than the precision of grade
H8 according to the specification of GB 180 1, and its cy1indricity to1erance shall be 1/2 of
dimension to1erance. After assemb1y , Whee1s shall be tumed flexib1y without any

307

35
obstructing phenomenon. The circular runout of Wheels rolling face shall not be lower than
the precision of grade 9 according to the specification of GB 1182.

7.4.5 Materials of rail for sliders and bearings shall meet the specification of design
drawing and the physical and mechanical properties , and technical requirement of common
used pressing bakelite, reinforced PTFE plates , copper-based plastic and self-lubricating
bronze bearing shall be referred to Appendix M.

7.4.6 Clearance between the bottom surface of base the plate for slider bearing and
surface of gate shall meet the specification ofTable 7.4 .6.
Table 7.4.6 Clearance between the botíom surface ofbase the plate for slider bearing
and surface of gate
Clearance Clearance value
No
property Without machined contacting sur臼ce I Machined contacting surface
Through c1 earance ð shall not be bigger than 1. 0, each I ð shall not be bigger than 0.3 , each
section not exceeding 200 and I section not exce( ding 100 and
accumulative length not exceeding I accumulative length not exceeding
20% oftotal slideway length I 15% oftotal slideway length
Partial clearance
A三0.5 ， b三1/ 10 (accumulative length I ð三0.3 ， b三1/10 (accumulative length
2 not bigger than 50% of total slideway I not bigger than 25% of total slideway
length) I length)

7.4.7 During assembly of main running devices or reverse supporting device , a司justment
shall be made with sealing seat surface as reference surface. All Wheels or sliders shall be
within the same plane and its planeness permissible tolerance shall be: not bigger than
2.0mm for the span of Wheels or sliders smaller than or equal to 10m; and not bigger than
3.0mm for the span bigger than 10m. For each section of slider, at least one point shall be
respective1y measured at both ends , and the inc1ination of wheel to any plane shall not
exceed 2/1000 ofwheel diameter.
7.4.8 The permissible parallelism tolerance of slider base plate and sealing seat shall be: not
bigger than 0.5mm for sliders length smaller than or equal to 500mm; and not bigger than
1.0mm for sliders length bigger than 500mm. The height difference of abutting ends of
neighboring sliders shall not be bigger than 1.0mm.
7.4.9 The permissible span deviation of wheel and slider base plate shall meet the
specification ofTable 7 .4 .9 and the center1 ine limit deviation ofwheels or sliders at the side
shall not be bigger than 2.0mm.
Table 7.4.9 Limit deviation of support span Unit: mm
Limit deviation
No Span
Wheel Slider basement
1 <5000 土2.0 土2.0

2 >5000-10000 土3.0 土2.0

3 >10000 土4.0 土2.0

308

36
7.4 .10 On a same cross section, the permissible distance deviation of wheel or slider
working face and sealing seat surface shall be 士 1.5mm and that of reverse bearings or
wheel working faces and sealing seat surface shall be 土2.0mm.

7.4 .11 Gatelifting eyes shall take leaf centerline as the reference , the permissible deviation
of single lifting eye shall be 土2.0mm and the center distance deviation of two lifting eyes
for double lifting-point gate shall be 土2.0mm. The permissible deviation of lifting eyes
longitudinal and lateral centerlines shall be 士2.0mm and the holes of lifting eyes and stems
shall keep concentric and its inclination shall not be bigger than 1/1000.

7.4 .12 Integral assembly ofplain gate:

(1 ) Regardless of manufacturing integrally or in sections, plain gates shall be
assembled before leaving workshop (including main supporting device , reverse supporting
device , lateral supporting device and water filling device). Assembly shall be carried out in
企ee state , and if intersection is connected by welding , intersection is allowed to be
connected with connecting plate but shall not be combined by force. The inspection result
shall be in agreement with the relevant specification in this section and the dislocation at
joint shall not be bigger than 2.0mm.
(2) The span limit deviation of load-bearing runways for plane caterpillar gates shall
meet the specification Table 7 .4 .12.
Table 7.4.12 Span limit deviation ofload回bearing runways Unit: mm
Span Limit deviation
三5000 土l. 0

>5000~ 10000 土2.0

>10000 土3.0

After assembly the chains shall be moved smoothly without any obstructing
phenomenon. When gate leaf is placed horizontally, each chain wheel and load-bearing
runway shall be in good contact, the contacting length shall be smaller than 80% of chain
wheellength and the local clearance shall be smaller than O.Olmm. When gate leaf is at
working location, the distance (down slack) between chain wheel and lower runway shall
be inspected and meet the design requirement.
Assembly of counter wheels , side wheels and rubber sealing shall be a司justed and
inspected by taking the plane and center determined by chain wheels on load-bearing
runway as reference , and the inspection result shall be in agreement with the relevant
specification in this section and the dislocation at joint shall not be bigger than 1.0mm.
(3) After inspection up to the standard, leaf centerline, side vertical beams centerline
and diagonal line control point shall be distinctly marked; inspection lines for erection
control shall be plotted at 150mm on both sides of joint; reliable locating device shall be
provided and all parts shall be numbered and marked.

309

37
7.5 Manufacture ofRadial Gate

7.5.1 Except for otherwise specification in this standard, tolerance and limit deviation of
manufacture and assembly of radial gate leaf shall meet the specification of Table 7 .5.1.
Table 7.5.1 Tolerance and limit deviation ofradial gate Unit: mm
品

Figure "坠....1 1'

飞

二是
山/

hd·
1-
k
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什L
/
咱曹.，.，;;:. F
B "H
Tolerance or limit deviation
No Item Leafsize submerged Open top Remarks
type type
<1000 土3.0 土3.0
1 Leaf thickness b >1000~3000 土4.0 土4.0
>3000 土5.0 土5.0
<5000 :1: 5.0 士5.0

Leaf outline height H >5000~10000 土8.0 士8.0

2
and widthB >10000~15000 士 10.0 土 10.0
>15000 土 12.0 :!:l 2.0
Relative difference of 三5000 3.0 3.0
Measured at joint of main
3 diagonalline >5000~10000 4.0 4.0
girder and arms
I D 1-D21 >10000 5.0 5.0
<5000 2.0 2.0
Measured atjoint ofmain
>5000~10000 3.0 3.0
girder and arms
>10000 4.0 4.0
4 Twist
<5000 3.0 3.0
Measured at 4 corners of
>5000~10000 4.0 4.0
leaf
>10000 5.0 5.0
Measuredthrough
三5000 3.0 6.0
Lateral direction center1 ine of each main and
5 >5000~10000 4.0 7.0
squareness of gate leaf secondary beam or lateral
>10000 5.0 8.0
partition plate
Measured
By sample ruler with chord
Clearance of1eaf
length of3 .0m through
6 longitudinal direction 3.0 6.0
center1 ine of each main and
radian and sample ruler
secondary beam or lateral
partition plate

Distance of two girder

7 士3.0 土3.0
centers

Parallelism of two
8 girders 3.0 3.0
11'- 11
Dislocation of
9 longitudinal partition 2.0 2.0
plate
Local clearance of
10 junction plane of skin 1.0 1. 0
plate and gird巳r

310

38
 Within each m not bigger
Plat巳 thickness õ
than
Clearance of local skin >6~ 1O
11 5.0 6.0
plate and sample ruler >1O~16
4.0 5.0
>16
3.0 4.0
linearity of leaf bottom
12 2.0 2.0
edge
Obligueness ofleaf
13 3.0 3.0
bo忧omedge2C

Planeness of side sealing

14 2.0 2.0
seat surface
Planeness of top sealing
15 2.0 2.0
seat s町face
Distance from side
16 sealing bolts hole center 土1. 5 土1. 5

to leaf center
Distance from top
17 sealing bolts hole center 土3.0 土3.0
to leafbottom edge
Note: When leafwidth, center distance oftwo side girders and their linearity are related to side sealings , their deviation
value shall meet the drawing specification.

7.5.2 For radial gates adopting projected slot or with partial opening requirement and
operating under high heads , when junction surfaces of skin plate, leaf and arms and
junction surfaces of arms and trunnion require machine work, leaf shall be fabricated and
inspected s位ict1y in line with the various requirements for submerged type radial gate in
Table 7.5.1 , in addition, the curvature radius allowable deviation of outer arc of machined
leaf skin plate shall be 土2.0mm， and its deviation direction shall be in agreement with the
curvature radius deviation direction of side rail sealing seat surface. The machined
thickness shall conform to the design drawing size and local allowable deviation shall be
-2.0mm. Its surface roughness Ra三25 jlm, and after machine work the radial gate form and
position tolerance shall meet the specification ofTable 7.5 .2.
Table 7.5.2 Form and position tolerance Unit: mm
No Item Size Tolerance
<1000 0.5
>1000~1600 0.8
>1600~2500 1. 0
Leaf linearity in lateral direction
>2500~4000 1.2
>4000~6300 1.5
>6300~ 10000 2.0
三630 0.25
>630~1000 0.3
2 Planeness of various junction planes
>1000~1600 0.4
>1600~2500 0.5

7.5.3 The location deviation of radial gate lifting eyes and deviation of longitudinal and
lateral center1 ines ofholes oflifting eyes shall accord the specification of7 .4 .11.

311

39
7.5.4 The assembly limit deviation of arms (See Fig 7.5 .4) shall conform to the following
provlS lOns:
(1) For laying off arms , welding shrinkage and fitting allowance shall be considered
and will be modified during integral assembly of radial gate so as to guarantee the length
can finally meet the requirement of extemal radius from axle centerline of trunnion to skin
plate.

l-ann;2一linking plate
Fig 7.5 .4 Arms

(2) The limit deviation of arms as an individual member manufactured shall meet the
specification ofTable 7.1.7.
(3) The limit <ieviation of chord length 1 at open end of arms shall meet the
specification oftable 7.5:4.
1rable 7.5 .4 Ùmit deviation of chord length 1 at open end of arms Unit: mm
Cαhoω1m
①叫dl吨t白
hla
削 创川
to
叩 pe
四n 巳ndofam

三4000 土2.0

>4000~6000 土3.0

>6000 土4.0

(4) Side twist of straight arms shall not be bigger than 2.0mm. The squ町eness of both
sides ofreversed arms to horizontal surface shall not be bigger than 1/1 000.
(5) Assembly of oblique arms shall take bisecting line of arms azial angle as reference
line. Web of arms and leaf shall form horizontal connection and arms connecting plate shall
be normal to reference line. The torsional angle of section of upper and lower webs of arms
normal to reference line shall be checked with formworks and the formworks clearance
shall not be bigger than 2.0mm. Arms stiffening plate shall be pre-folded in shape
according to the calculated torsional angle value but not be fit by force.

7.5.5 Before leaving workshop , radial gate shall be assembled and inspected, and the
checking positions are shown in Fig 7.5.5. In addition to conforming to the relevant
specification in this section, their deviations shall also meet the following requirements;

312

40
 1-1 剖面

Fig 7.5.5 Checking positions ofradial gate assembly

(1) The axiali可 tolerance a of two trunnion holes shall not be bigger than 1.0mm, and
the obliqueness of each trunnion hole shall not be bigger than 111000.
(2) The limit deviation of distance 11 仕om center line of trunnion to which of gate leaf
shall be 土 1.0mm.
(3) The misfit value ~1 of arms and trunnion centers shall not be bigger than 2.0mm,
and the misfit value ~2 of arms web and girder web centers shall not be bigger than 4.0mm.
(4) The allowable deviation of distance 12 from center line of arms to which of leaf
shall be 土1. 5mm.
(5) The diagonalline relative difference 1Dr- D21 from junction center of arms and
girder to junction center of arms and trunnion shall not be bigger than 3. Omm.
(6) In the vertical section of upper and lower arms incIuded angle bisecting line , the
location tolerance C= 113-1'31 of 叩per and lower arms sides shall not be bigger than
5.0mm.
(7) Deviation of radius R from center line of trunnion shaft to skin plate outer edge:
the limit deviation of open top radial gate 士7.0mm and relative difference ofboth sides not
bigger than 5.0mm; the limit deviation of submerged 可pe radial gate 土3.0mm and relative
difference ofboth sides not bigger than 2.0mm; the limit deviation ofhigh head radial gate
with projecting type gate slot 土2.0mm， its deviation shall be in agreement with the
deviation direction of inner curvature radius of slot side rail sealing seat surface and
relative difference ofboth sides not bigger than 1.0mm.
(8) The contacting surface between both ends of arms and leaf and trunnion
connecting plates shall be smooth and tightly adhibited and the contacting area shall not be
less than 75%. After connecting bolts are tightened, inspection shall be carried out with
O.3 mm feelers , the inserting length shall not be bigger than 100mm, the accumulative
length not bigger than 75% of perimeter and the maximum cIearance of few points not
bigger than 0.8mm.
(9) The dislocation at junction shall not be bigger than 2.0mm.
(1 0) After assembly inspected up to the standard, leaf centerline and diagonal line
control point shall be distinctly marked; inspection lines for erection control shall be

313

41
plotted at 150mm on both sides of joint; reliable locating device shall be provided and al1
parts shall be numbered and marked.

7.6 Manufacture of Mitre Gate

7.6.1 The tolerance or limit deviation for manufacture and assembly ofmitre gate leaf shal1
meet the specification ofTable 7.6. 1.
Table 7.6.1 Tolerance or limit deviation ofmitre gate Unit: mm

与马~ a 飞Z 俨幽画

Figure
. .
v

l 道~
『飞

tL<I :1'0

.
样
鹏理
I1 . ;
'=哩
「画 阳"帽
Ik'"

To1erance
No Item Leafsize Or 1imit Remarks
deviation
三 1000 土3.0

1 Leaf thickness b >1000-3000 土4.0

>3000 土5.0

三5000 土5.0

>5000-10000 士8.0

2 Leaf outline height H >10000-15000 土 12.0

>15000-20000 土 16.0

>20000 土20.0

三5000 土2 .5

3 Leaf outline radius B/2 >5000-10000 士4.0

>10000 士5.0

三5000 3.0
Re1ative difference of diagona1 >5000-10000 4.0 Se1ect the bigger
4 1ine >10000-15000 5.0 as per 1eafheight
ID 1-D 2 1 >15000-20000 6.0 orwidth
>20000 7.0
三5000 2 .5
Front linearity of hee1post and
5 >5000-10000 4.0
rmterpost
>10000 5.0
刨出 1inearity of hee1post and
6 5.0
mlterpost
B/1500, and
7 Leaf latera11inearity f1 not bigger than
4.0
Hl1500, and
8 Leaf vertica1linearity f2 not bigger 伽an
6.0
三5000 2 .5
Leng仕1 re1ative difference of top
9 >5000-10000 4.0
and bottom girders
>10000 5.0

314

42
 Local clearance of junction plane
10 10
of skin plate and girder

Within each m
Skin plate thickness õ
not bigger than
Skin p1ate concave-convex
11 6.0
planeness >6-10
5.0
>10-16
4.0
>16
Note1: Leaf lateral linearity shall be measured through each beam centerline. Leaf vertical linearity shall be measured
through two side longitudinal partition centerlines.
Note 2: Dislocation of leaf longitudinal partition, obliqueness C of leaf bottom edge and planeness of sealing seat surface
shall meet the specification ofNo 9, 13 and 15 in Table 7.4.1.

7.6.2 Support and pillow blocks shall be made-up and grounded pair by pair before leaving
workshop to ensure tight contact. The local c1 earance shall not be bigger than 0.05mm, and
the accumulative length shall not exceed 10% of support and pillow block length.

7.6.3 Except for otherwise design specification, bottom pint1e mushroom head and bottom
pint1e top axle sleeve shall be assembled, ground and scraped in workshop, and satisfy the
following requirements:
(1) The center ofmushroom head shall be defined and marked when is processed.
(2) It shall be turned flexibly without any obstructing phenomenon.
(3) The contacting surface of mushroom head and axle sleeve shall be concentrated at
200~1200 and the number of contacts in contacting surface shall not be less than 1~2 within

an area of 25mm x 25mm.

7.6.4 Mitre gate shall be assembled integrally and inspected before leaving workshop, in
addition to meeting the specification ofTable 7.6.1 , the deviations shall also satis命 the
following requirements:
(1) During assembly of mitre gate, leaf center1 ine (verticalline) and bottom cross-girder
center1 ine (horizontalline) shall be taken as the reference line.
(2) The location deviation ofbottom pintle top cover center shall not be bigger than
2.0mm and the parallelism tolerance ofbottom pint1e top cover and bottom cross-girder
center1 ine shall not be bigger than 1.0mm.
(3) For mitre gate fabricated in sections, upper gudgeon hole shall be bored or reamed
after field leaf erection and w e1ding. During integral assembly, top and bottom pint1e axes
and upper gudgeon hole controlline shall be made and calibrated with instrument. The
axiali守 tolerance oftop and bottom pint1 e centers shall not be bigger than 0.5mm and the

parallelism tolerance of top and bottom pintle center1 ine and leaf center1 ine shall not be
bigger than O.5mm.
(4) For mitre gate manufactured integrally, top pint1e may be bored in workshop, the
axiality tolerance oftop and bottom pint1e centers shall not be bigger than 0.5mm and the
parallelism tolerance of top and bottom pint1e center1 ine and leaf center1 ine shall not be
bigger than 0.5mm.

315

43
 (5) After inspection up to the standard, leaf centerline and diagonalline control point
shall be distinctly marked; inspection lines for erection control shall be plotted at 150mm on
both sides of joint; reliable locating device shall be provided and all parts shall be numbered
andmarked.

316

44
 8. Installation of gate and embedded parts
8.1 Installation of Embedded parts
8. 1.1 Anchor plates (bolts) to be pre-embedded in first-stage concrete shall be
manufactured as per design drawing and embedded by construction contractor. The
construction contractor shall mark off on formworks according to working drawing and fix
anchor plates (bolts) , and anchor plate shall keep close to formworks. Before placing
concrete supervision Engineer and installation contractor shall be informed to inspect and
check the locations of pre-embedding anchor plates (bolts).
8. 1.2 Before erecting embedded parts , foreign matters including formwork in gate slot must
be cleared away. The jointing surface of first-stage and second-stage concrete shall be
roughened, and the cross section size of second-stage concrete and the location of
pre-embedding anchor plates (bolts) shall meet drawing requirement.
8. 1.3 Except for otherwise specification in this standard, the installation tolerance or limit
deviation ofplain gate embedded parts shall meet the specification ofTable 8. 1. 3.
8. 1.4 Embedded parts erection for plane cate叩illar gate shall meet the specification of 8.1.3 ,
in addition, the dislocation of main rail pressure face joint shall not be bigger than O.2mm
and transitional grading shall be made. The main rail pressure faces on both sides of
opening shall be within the same plane and the planeness tolerance shall meet the
specification of Table 8.1 .4.
8. 1.5 The location deviation of radial gate free bearing foundation bolt center and design
center shall not be bigger than 1. 0mm.
8. 1.6 Except for otherwise specification in this standard, the erection tolerance or limit
deviation for radial gate shall meet the specification ofTable 8. 1. 6.
8. 1.7 For radial gate with projecting type slot operating under high heads , the limit
deviation of distance from centerline of side rail sealing seat surface to centerline of
opening shall be 土2.0mm; the curvature radius limit deviation of side rail sealing seat face
and its deviation direction shall be in agreement with that of leaf skin plate extrados; and
the size limit deviation of clearance from upper sealing seat face of side rail to radial gate
extrados shall not be bigger than 土1. 5mm.
8. 1.8 When trunnion steel beam of radial gate is separately erected, The limit deviation of
distance from girder mileage and height to opening centerline shall be 土 1.5mm. The
obliqueness steel beam for trunnion (See Fig 8.1.8) shall be c

Fig. 8.1.8 Obliqueness steel beam for trunnion

317

45
 Table 8.1.3 Installation tolerance or limit deviation of plain gate embedded parts Unit: mm
Mainrail Parapet
Name of embedded Side Opposite protective angle
Sill Lintel Not Seal seat As sealing face Not as sealing face
P缸ts machined rail rail or side rail
machined upper lower upper Lower
. .. . .
萨 .' .
~
b
，啦 ,
......
‘

制
~.sl!:'凰~.
No
Figure ....
出司
....
咱

ETil
龟'.唱 '
•s -P ‘
.
4 咱. •• 罔

In working +2.0 +2.0 十3.0 +3.0 十2.0 +5.0 +2.0 +8.0 +2.0
土5.0 土5.0 土5.0
咀
range -1. 0 -1. 0 -1. 0 -1. 0 -1. 0 -0.0 -1. 0 嗣 0.0 -1. 0
1 叫
υ Outof
+3.0 +5.0 +5.0
H d当
U+O
working 土5.0 土5.0
-1. 0 -2.0 -2.0
range
In working
υ
叫 土5.0 土3.0 土3.0 土5.0 土3.0 土3.0 土5.0
range
2 Outof
working 土4.0 土4.0 :1: 5.0 土5.0 土5.0
range
3 EL. v 土5.0

Distance 企om lintel

4 士3.0
to sill face h

喜B E
mE um
L<lOOOO 2.0

Ls10000 3.0

318

46
 In working
勾叫 1) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0
ot4g司 range
6
Outof
working
range
In working
1. 0 0.5 0.5 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 0.5 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0
range
7 Outof
working 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
range

、4

~
Fig

B<100
海 喝:
1. 0 1. 0
楠
0.5
.辄田 s

'回』哩'
'画面

1.0
电
2.0
4 ?!幸
2.0 1. 0 2.0
8 屋
1草 .目 t
B= lOO-
1.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 1.5 2.5
官
200

B>200 2.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Additional
value out of
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
working
range
Notel: At least one point shal1 be measured per each m of memb巳r.
Note 2: Lower p缸apet refers to lintel junction.
Note 3: Height of slot working range: opening height for operating gate in static water and main rail height for operating gate in dynamic water.
Note 4: If side wheel is pre-pressured elastic device, side rail deviation shal1 fo l1ow drawing specification.
Note 5: Junction dislocation shal1 be ground to gentle slope.

319
47
 Table 8. 1.4 Planeness tolerance of main rail pressure face Unit: mm
Main raillength Tolerance

三 1000 0 .4
>1000~2500 0.5
>2500~4000 0.6
>4000~6300 0.8
>6300~ 10000 1.0

Table 8. 1.6 Erection tolerance or limit deviation of radial gate embedded parts Unit: mm
Side sealing seat
Side wheel
Partname Si11 Lint巳l Down-the
Open top guide plate I
No hole
opemng
Figure opening CIL openmg C/L
CIL
+2.0
1 岛1ileage 土5.0
国1. 0

2 Elevation 土0.5

3 Distance h from lintel center to si11 face 土3.0

+3.0 +3.0
In working range 土5.0 :1:2.0
-2.0 -2.0
4 To opening centerline b
Out ofworking +4.0 +6.0 十6.0

range -2.0 四2.0 -2.0

Height difference L 三三 10000 3.0
5 between both ends of
L<10000 2.0
working face
6 W orking face planeness 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
7 W orking face junction dislocation 1.0 0.5 1.0 10. 1.0
Curvature radius of side sealing seat and side
8 土5.0 土5.0 土5.0
wheel guide plate centerline
Figure

Sur-
face
9 B<100 1.0 1. 0 1.0 1.0 2.0
Surface width of
twist B=100~200 1. 5 1.5 1. 5 1. 5 2.5
working range
B>200 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0
Permissible additional value out of
2.0 2.0 2.0
working range
Notel: L is gate width.
Note 2: During erection, lintel is generally fixed at the last, so 址le location of lintel
sh a11 be adjust巳d according the actuallocation gate.
Note 3: Working range refers to opening height.
Note 4: At least one point shall be measured for each meter ofmember.
Note 5: If submerged side sealing seat is stainless steel, its junction dislocation shall be 0.5mm.
Note 6: Junction dislocation shall be ground to gentle slope.

8. 1.9 The limit deviation of horizontal steel lining height shall be 士3.0mm; the limit
deviation of distance 企om lateral steel lining to opening center1 ine shall be 笃 mm; the
surface planeness tolerance 4.0mm; squareness tolerance 111000 of height and not bigger
than 4.0mm; and the junction face dislocation not bigger than 2.0mm.

320

48
8.1.10 After erection and a司justment of embedded parts, adjusting bolts and anchor plates
(bolts) shall be welded tight to ensure embedded parts will not be deformed or displaced
during placement of second-stage concrete.

8.1.11 The working face butt joint dislocation of embedded parts shall be ground to gentle
slope; burrs and weld reinforcement shall be razed and polished; and pits shall be repaired
by welding and polished.

8.1.12 After embedded parts are erected and inspected up to the standard, second-stage
concrete shall be placed within 5d~ 7d. If the embedded parts are overdue or collided, they
shall be re-measured up to the standard before placing concrete. The concrete placing height
at one time shall not exceed 5.0m, and during placement, attention shall be paid to prevent
from colliding embedded parts and formwork and measures shall be adopted to compact
concrete.

8.1.13 After removal of formwork for second-stage concrete, embedded parts shall be
re-measured and recorded, and at the same time the size of concrete structure shall be
inspected and reinforcement and foreign matter left over shall be cleared to avoid affecting
gate hoisting.

8.1.14 Before retaining water, testing shall be carried out on all bulkhead gate slots and
common used gate slots.

8.2 Installation of Plain gate

8.2.1 Before installation of integral gate, various sizes shall be re-measured as per design
drawing and meet the requirements of relevant provisions in this standard.

8.2.2 A武er assembly of gate in sections, the various sizes shall satisfy the following
requirements in addition to being re-measured according the relevant provisions of this
standard:
(1) For bolting connection between sections , bolts shall be tightened according to the
relevant provisions ofbolting connection.
(2) For welding connection between sections, welding and inspection shall be carried out
according to the certified welding technology and in line with the relevant provisions of
welding in this standard, and measures shall be adopted to control deformation during
welding.

8.2.3 The size of filling valve shall conform design drawing, its guide mechanism shall be
reliable and flexible, sealing element and seat valve shall contact uniformly and satis马r water
sealing requirement.

8.2 .4 The physical and mechanical properties of rubber sealing shall be referred to the
relevant provisions of Appendix N in this standard.

321

49
8.2.5 The location of bolt holes of rubber sealing shall be in agreement with that in leaf and
sealing plate. Hole diameter shall be 1. 0mm smaller than bolt, and bored with special hollow
boring bit and burnt hole is forbidden. After bolts evenly tightened, the ends shall be at least
8.0mm lower than the 仕ee surface of rubber sealing.

8.2.6 The surface of rubber sealing shall be smooth, straight and Level and rubber-plastic
composite sealing shall be kept straight and leve1 in transportation and not reeled and folded
in storage. Its thickness limit deviation shall be 土 1.0mm and permissible deviation of other
sectional sizes shall be 2% of design size.

8.2.7 Connecting joints of rubber sealing shall adopt crude rubber hot pressing vulcanization
bonding method and bonding joint shall be 仕ee of dislocation, roughness and loosen
Phenomenon. If normal temperature adhesive bonding method is adopted, the tensile
strength shall not be lower than 85% ofrubber sealing tensile strength in Appendix N.

8.2.8 After installation of rubber sealing, the limit deviation of distance both side sealing
centers and from top sealing to bottom sealing edge shall be 士3.0mm， and the planeness
tolerance of sealing surface shall be 2.0mm. When gate is under working condition, the
amount of compression of rubber sealing shall meet the specification of design drawing and
light Transmission inspection and flushing test shall be carried out.

8.2.9 For plain gates , water balancing test shall be made as follows: gate is lifted up 100mm
仕om ground surface , and in c1 ination upstream and downstream and in right and left direction
is measured through the whe e1 or slideway center. In general, inc1ination for single lifting
point plain gate shall not exceed 111000 of gate height and not bigger than 8.0mm;
inc1ination of plane caterp i11ar gate shall not exceed 1/1 500 and not bigger than 3.0mm. If
the above specification is exceeded, counterweight shall be provided.

8.3 Installation of Radial Gate

8.3.1 Installation tolerance or limit deviation of trunnion with spherical bearing, cylinder
bearing, and other types shall meet the specification ofTable 8.3. 1.
Table 8.3.1 InstaUa创on tolerance or limit deviation of trunnion for radial gate Unit: mm
No Item Tolerance or lirnit deviation
1 Distance from trunnion center to opening centerline 土1. 5

2 Mileage 土2.0

3 Elevation 士2.0

4 lnclination of 企四 bearing axle hole 1/1000

5 Axiality of two 企巳e bearing ax巳S 1.0
Note: lnclination oftrunnion axle refers to inclination in any direction.

8.3.2 After assembly of radial gate which fabricated in sections , various dimensions shall be
re-measured as per design drawing and meet the relevant specification in this standard.
When sections are connected by welding , welding and inspection shall be carried out
according to the certified welding technology and in line with the relevant provisions of

322

50
welding. When sections are connected by bolts, bolting shall be tightened and inspected in
line with the relevant provisions ofbolting.

8.3.3 Installation of radial gate, arms and trunnion shall conform the following provisions:
(1) If connecting plates at both ends of arms require to be welded during installation,
effective measures shall be adopted to reduce deformation and ensure good and tight contact
of the junction face of connecting plate and girder or hinge.
(2) Connecting bolts. shall be tightened. and inspected in line with the relevant
provls lOns of bolting, c1earance of connection face shall be inspected according to the
specification of 7.5.5. Shear resistant plate shall tight1y press against the side of connecting
plate and welded according to design requirement.
(3) The limit deviation of extemal radius from center of trunnion to radial gate skin
plate shall be: 土8.0mm for sp i11way radial gate and relative difference of both sides not
bigger than 5.0mm; 土4.0mm for submerged radial gate and relative difference of both sides
not bigger than 3.0mm; 土3.0mm for high head radial gate with projected gate slot (inc1uding
radial gates with eccen位ic trunnion pressing 可pe or hydraulic control retractable 可pe
sealing) , its deviation direction in agreement with that of curvature radius of side rail upper
sealing seat surface, the c1earance tolerance 仕om side rail upper sealing seat surface to
extemal radial surface not bigger than 3.0mm, and relative difference ofradius at both sides
not bigger than 1.5mm.
(4) The quality of rubber sealing shall be in conformity with the provisions of national
or industry relevant technical standard, and installation of top and side sealing shall meet the
relevant specification of 8 .2.4~8 .2 .8.

8.4 Installa咀on of Mitre Gate

8.4.1 Installation of bottom pint1e device (See Fig 8 .4 .1)

shall meet the following specification:
(1) The limit deviation of bottom pint1e axle hole or
mushroom head center shall not be bigger than 2.0mm, the
e1 evation limit deviation of the right and left mushroom
heads shall be 士3.0mm and its relative difference not l-bottom pint1 e top; 2-axlesleeve;
bigger than 2.0mm. 3-mushroom head;
4-bottom pint1e axle seat
(2) The horizontal inc1 ination of bottom pint1e axle
Fig 8.4.1 Bottom pintle device
seat shall not be bigger than 111000.

8.4.2 leaf shall be installed with bottom beam center1 ine as horizontal reference line and leaf
center1 ine as vertical center1 ine, and control and inspection shall be done by hanging plumb
lines at end plates ofheelpost and miter post and other necessary positions.
Leaf instal1ation shall be carried out section by section a丘er each section is lifted in place,
welded and inspected up to standard. Welding shall follow the qualified welding technology
and effective measures to monitor and prevent w e1ding deformation. Welding and inspection

323

51
shall be carried out in line with the relevant specification of welding in this standard and the
overa1l 1eaf dimensions and form and position tolerance shall meet the specification of Table
7.6. 1.

8.4.3 Installation oftop pintle device (See Fig 8.4 .3) shall meet the following specification:
(1) Top pintle embedded parts shall be erected according to the actual elevation of
upper seat plate on gate leaf and height difference of both drawbar ends shall not be bigger
than 1.0mm.
(2) The intersection of two drawbar centerlines shall coincide the top pintle center and
its deviation shall not be bigger than 2.0mm.
(3) Top pintle axis and bottom pintle axis shall be the same axis and the axiality
tolerance shall be 2.0mm.
(4) The axiali句T and squareness of top pintle axle holes shall comply to the precision of
grade 9 in Standard GB 1184 and the surface roughness Ra三25μm.

vertical axis
l 一→drawbar;2-axle; 3-seat plate; 4--Ieaf
Fig 8.4.3 Top pintle device

8.4.4 For erecting support and pillow seats, the center f1 ow-line of top and bottom support
seats or pillow seats shall be used to check the center of middle support and pillow seats, its
symmetricali可 tolerance not bigger than 2.0mm and its parallelism tolerance with top and
bottom pintle axes not bigger than 3.0mm.

8.4.5 Erection and adjustment of support and pillow cushion

blocks (see Fig 8 .4 .5)shall comply to the following
provls lOns:
(1) Erection of support and pillow cushion blocks shall
take pillow block as reference , the symmetricality
tolerance of pillow blocks shall be 1.0mm and the l-support seat; 2-pillow seat;
3-cushion block;
verticality tolerance shall be 1. 0mm. 4--packing course
(2) Between support and pillow cushion blocks not Fig 8.4.5 Support and pillow
used for water seal, the continuous clearance shall not be cushion blocks

bigger than O.2mm and local clearance not bigger than

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52
O.4mm. For support and pillow cushion blocks concurrently used for water seal, the
continuous clearance shall not be bigger than 0.15mm and local clearance not bigger than
0.3mm. The accumulative clearance length shall not exceed 10% of support and pillow
cushion block length.
(3) The centerline symme仕icality tolerance C of each pair of support and pillow
cushion blocks in contact shall not be bigger than 5.0mm for cushion blocks not used for
water seal; and 3.0mm for cushion blocks concurrently used for water seaL

8.4.6 The packing material poured between support and pillow cushion blocks and support
and pillow seats sha11 comply to the fo11owing provisions:
(1) If epoxy packing material is poured, its composition and preparation proportion
sha11 be referred to Appendix o. The thickness of epoxy packing course sha11 not be less
than 20.0mm.
(2) If Babbitt metal is poured, when the clearance between support and pillow cushion
block and support and pillow seat is sma11er than 7.0mm, cushion block and support and
0
pillow seat shall be heated uniformly to 200 C before pouring Babbitt metal, and
oxygen-ace可lene flame is prohibited for heating.

8.4.7 In the process of leaf tuming 仕om 臼11 open to fu11 close, the maximum bouncing
amount at any point on miter post: 1.0mm for leafwidth sma11er or equal to 12m; 1.5mm for
leaf width bigger than 12m and smaller than or equal to 24m; 2.0mm for leaf width bigger
than24m.

8.4 .8 Back drawbar of mitre gate sha11 be adjusted under 仕ee suspension condition, the
adjustment sha11 satisfy the following requirements:
(1) Back drawbar sha11 be adjusted in steps by referring to design prestress value.
(2) The front linearity of heelpost and miter post and leaf lateral linearity shall not
exceed the specification ofTable 7.6. 1.
。) The displacement of leaf bottom beam at lower end of miter post:土2.0mm in flow

direction and 土2.0mm in vertical direction.

8.4 .9 By closing single leaf, inspect whether heelpost support and pillow cushion block (side
sealing and side sealing plate) , bottom sealing and bottom sealing plate are in uniform
contact. By closing two leafs, inspect whether miter post support cushion blocks (middle
sealing and sealing plate) are in uniform contact.

8.4.10 For debugging mitre gate in dry condition, the effect of environmental temperature
difference sha11 be 如11y considered and changes of leaf body in respect to physical
dimension and mutual alignment sha11 be properly handled.

8.5 Gate Testing

8.5.1 Upon gate insta11ation completion，自111 travel actuation test sha11 be carried out in dry
condition. Before test, hanger sha11 be inspected whether flexibly and reliably hooked on and

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53
off; filling valve whether raised and lowered 丘eely within its travel range; sealing whether
tight at the lowest location; and at the same time all foreign matters on leaf and in slot must
be cleared away and connection of suspension rod must be inspected. When gate is hoisted,
rubber sealing shall be watered for lubricating. If conditions are available, hydrodynamic
actuation test shall be conducted for main gate and hydrodynamic closing test for emergency
gate.

8.5.2 During gate hoisting, operation of running positions such as wheel, trunnion and top
and bottom pintles shall be inspected, whether there is obstruction during lifting, lowering or
revolving, whether the right and left sides of hoisting equipment are kept in step and whether
rubber sealing is damaged.

8.5.3 After gate is completely at working position, light or other method shall be used to
inspect the compression ratio of rubber sealing and there shall be no light passing through or
clearance. If gate is provided with upstream sealing, inspection shall be made after
contacting of supporting device and railway.

8.5.4 When gate is subject to design head pressure, the leakage through one meter water
sealing range shall not exceed O.l L1s.

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54
 9. Manufacture and installation of trash rack

9.1 Manufacture of Trash Rack

9.1.1 Manufacture tolerance of trash rack embedded parts shall meet the specification of
Table 9. 1.1.
Table 9.1.1 Manufacture tolerance of trash rack embedded parts Unit: mm
No. Item Tolerance

W orking face linearity 111000 ofmember 1ength, and not bigger than 6.0
2 Side linearity 1/7 50 of member length, and not bigger than 8.0
3 Working face local planeness Not bigger than 2.0 per meter scope
4 Twist 3.0

9. 1.2 Manufacture limit deviation of individual trash rack member shall meet the
specification ofTable 7.1.7.

9. 1.3 Manufacture tolerance and limit deviation of trash rack body shall comply to the
following specification:
(1) The width and height limit deviation shall be 土8.0mm.
(2) The thickness limit deviation shall be 土4.0mm.
(3) The relative difference of rack body shall not be bigger than 6.0mm; and its twist
not bigger than 4.0mm.
(4) Various grate bars shall be parallel mutually and the intervallimit deviation shall be
土5% of design interval.

(5) The distance limit deviation of rack body lifting eye centerline shall be 土4.0mm， and
it shall meet the specification of 7.4 .11 if trash rack and bulkhead gate share the same
hoisting equipment.
(6) Sliders or wheels for rack body shall be within the same plane, and the planeness
tolerance of its working face shall not be bigger than 4.0mm.
(7) The limit deviation of sliders or wheels span shall be 土6.0mm， and the centerline
limit deviation of sliders or wheel at the same side shall be 士3.0mm.
(8) The bearing plates at lower ends of both side girders shall be within the same plane,
and its planeness tolerance shall not be bigger than 3.0mm.

9.2 Installation of Trash Rack

9.2.1 Erection tolerance or limit deviation of movable trash rack embedded parts shall meet
the specification of Table 9.2.1. For trash rack embedded parts provided in slope, the
inclined angle permissible deviation shall be 土 10\

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55
 Table 9.2.1 Erection tolerance or limit deviation of movable trash rack embedded parts Unit: mm
Sill Main rail Opposite rail
No Item
Tolerance or limit deviation
1 孔1ileage 土5.0

2 Elevation 土5.0

Height difference of both ends of working

3 3.0
surface
+3.0 +5.0
4 CenterI ine to rack slot
-2.0 -2.0
5 CenterI ine to opening 士5.0 :1: 5.0 士5.0

9.2.2 For erection offixed type trash rack embedded parts, various beam
working surfaces shall be within the same plane and the difference between the highest point
and lowest point ofworking surface shall not be bigger than 3.0mm.

9.2.3 After rack body is lifted in rack slot, lifting and lowering test shall be conducted to
inspect whether rack slot has obstructing phenomenon and to inspect rack body movement
and to inspect whether the various sections are r e1iably connected.
For trash racks using trash rack c1eaner, the rack structure and rack slot embedded parts shall
satisfy the operation requirement of trash rack c1eaner.

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56
 10. Acceptance
10.1 General

10. 1.1 Acceptance of gate and embedded parts manufacture and installation are part of
project acceptance, which shall be subject to needs of project acceptance and meet the
requirements ofproject acceptance.

10. 1.2 Acceptance shall be presided by the project legal person or the authorized supervisor,
and time, place and participants of each phase acceptance shall follow the relevant provisions
of contract.

10. 1.3 Acceptance shall mainly include:

(1) Inspect whether manufacture and installation of gates and embedded parts comply
with the design requirements.
(2) Inspect whether the quali可 of gates and embedded parts manufacture and
installation comply with the requirements of this standard and the relevant technical
standard.
(3) Put forward 位eatment opinions on the problems le丘 out

10. 1.4 Procedure of acceptance:

(1) Review of acceptance outline.
(2) Listen to quali可 control report on manufacture and installation of gates and
embedded parts and look up quality inspection record, written and audio-video materials.
(3) Inspect, test out and accept the physical size precision and technical indexes of
proJect.
(4) Hold a meeting of acceptance members , co-ordinate and deal with the problem, and
discuss and approve "acceptance certificate".

10.2 Phase Acceptance

10.2.1 Acceptance shall be carried out in phases according to needs at the critic moment in
the process of manufacture and installation of gates and embedded parts.

10.2.2 The following phase acceptance shall be made for manufacture of gates and
embedded parts:
(1) Acceptance of main steel, welding material and coating material.
(2) Acceptance of steel castings and forgings and cooperation parts.
(3) Acceptance ofmajor welded members for gates and embedded parts.
(4) Assembly testing and acceptance of gates and embedded parts.
(5) Metal corrosion protection quali可 inspection of gates and embedded parts.
(6) Acceptance of package, transport and deliverγ.

10.2.3 The following phase accep阳nce shall be made for insta11ation of gates and embedded parts:

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57
 (1) Inspection and assessment ofunit project quality.
(2) Inspection and assessment ofpartitioned project qua1ity.
(3) Inspection and assessment ofunit construction qua1ity.
Installation of gate and embedded parts shall be combined with and meet the requirements
of phase acceptance, including acceptance before project river closure , acceptance for
reservoir filling and diversion, acceptance before generating unit startup and completion
acceptance ofwhole project.

10.3 Acceptance Material

The acceptance material shall include:

(1) Acceptance application report and acceptance program.
(2) Design drawings , documents and relevant meeting minutes.
。) Supervision documents , instructions and letters of notice.
(4) Assessment report of welding technology, documents of manufacture technology or
technical measures for installation.
(5) Quality certificate of main materials, standardized pieces and cooperation parts.
(6) Quality inspection report on welding quality.
(7) Quality inspection report on surface corrosion protection.
(8) Treatment record and report ofunaccepted products or major defects.
(9) Assembly inspection record of gate and embedded parts.
(10) Manufacture quality certificate of gate and embedded parts.
(11) Installation inspection record of gate and embedded parts.
(12) Reports on gate balancing test, water filling test and hydrostatic and hydrodynamic
actuation test.
(13) Trial operation record and documents.

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APPENDIX A (Informative)

Property of Common Used Metal Materials

A.l Carbon Constructional Steel and Low Content Alloy Structural Steel
The property of carbon cons位uctional steel and low content alloy structural steel shall
comply with the specification ofTable A.l~A.6.
Table A.1 Chemical composition of carbon constructional steel (from GB/T 700--1988)
Chemical composition %
Trade Deoxidation
Grade Si S P
mark C 岛也1
method
Not bigger than
A 0.050
Q215 0.09~0.15 0 .2 5~0.55 0.30 0.045 F,b,Z
B 0.045
A 0.14~0.22 0.30~0.65ω 0.050 F,b,Z
0.045
B 0.12~0.20 0.30~0.70ω 0.045 F,b,Z
Q235 0.30
C 三0 .1 8 0.040 0.040 Z
0.35~0.80
D 三0.17 0.035 0.035 TZ
A 0.050
Q255 0.18~0.28 0 .40~0.70 0.30 0.045 Z
B 0.045
Note(: For Q235 rimmed steel grade A and B, the Mn content upper limit is 0.60%, and the silicon content not bigger than
0.07%.

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59
 Table A.2 Mechanical property of carbon constructionalsteel (from GB/T700--1988)
Impact 180 o cold bending test,
Tensile test
test b=2a
Yieldpoint Extensibilityõs Vtype Plate thickness
σsMPa % ballistic
Plate thickness Tensile Plate thickness mm fJ work
Trade Sample
Grade S往ength (1 ongitu >4 >60 >100
mark >16 >40 >60 >16 >40 >60 direction
三 16 σb 三 16 dinal) -60 -100 -200
-40 -60 -100 -40 -60 -100 J
MPa Not
Not smaller than Not smaller than smaller bending core diameter d
than
A 335 longitudinal 0.5a 1. 5a 2a
Q215 215 205 195 185 31 30 29 28 三三 27
B -410 20 crosSW1 se a 2a 2.5 a
A
B 375 20 longitudinal a 2a 2.5a
Q235 235 225 215 205 26 25 24 23 ?;;.27
C -460 O crosswlse 1.5a 2.5a 3a
D 20
A 410
Q255 255 245 235 225 24 23 22 21 运 27 2a 3a 3.5a
B -510 20
N otel: Trademark denotation: steel trademark consists of letter denoting yield point, yield point value, quality grade and d巳oxidation method, for example: Q235-A,F
Note 2: Legend:
Q-first letter of Chinese spel1ing for "qufudian"(yield point);
A，B ， C ，D一→quality grade respectively;
F-first letter ofChinese spelling for "feitengang"(rimmed steel);
b--frrst letter ofChinese spelling for "banzhenggang"(semi-killed steel);
Z-frrst letter of Chinese spelling for "zhengjinggang"(killed steel);
TZ-first letter ofChinese spelling for "teshu zhenjingggang" (special killed steel). In denotation oftrademark, "Z" and "TZ" is omitted.
Note 3: In cold bending test, B is width and a is plate thickness.
Note 4: For tension and bending tests, steel plate shall adopt lateral s缸nple.
Note 5: bal1istic work value shall be caIculated as per the arithmetic average ofthree individual sample values , one ofthe individual sample values is permissible lower than the
specified value but not lower than 70% ofthe specified value.
Note 6: Generally, steel is delivered in hot rolling state, and it can be delivered in normalized condition according to the requirement ofbuyer by mutual consent (except for grade A
steel).
Note 7: For other technical requirements , see GB70 0--1988.

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60
 Table A.3 Chemical composition of low alloy content high-strength structural steel
(from GB/T1 591一 1994)
Remark
Trade Chemical composition %
Grade s
mark
C三 Mn Si三 P三 S三 V Nb Ti Al;;; Cr:::: Ni<
0.02 0.02
A 0.80- 0.045 0.045 0.015-
Q295 0 .1 6 0.55 ~ ~
B 1.5 0 0.040 0.040 0.060
0.15 0.20
16岛位1，
A 0.045 0.045
0.20 16岛位呵，
B 0.040 0.040 0.02 0.02
1.00- 0.015- 16MnR
Q345 C 0.55 0.035 0.035 ~ ~ 0.015
1.60 0.060 m
D 0.030 0.030 0.15 0.20 0.015
0.18 GB1591
E 0.025 0.025 0.015
-1988
A 0.045 0.045 0.30 0.70 5Mnv ,
B 0.040 0.040 0.30 0.70 15 1\也1Ti
1.00- 0.02 0.02
Q390 C 0.20 0.5 5 0.035 0.035 0.015- 0.015 0.30 0.70 m
1.60 ~ ~
D 0.030 0.030 0.060 0.015 0.3 0 0.70 GB1591
0.2 0 0.20
E 0.025 0.025 0.915 0.30 0.70 -1988
A 0.045 0.045 0.40 0.70
B 0.040 0.040 0.02 0.02 0.40 0.70
1.00- 0.015-
Q420 C 0.20 0.55 0.035 0.035 ~ ~ 0.015 0 .40 0.70
1.70 0.060
D 0.030 0.030 0.20 0.20 0.015 0 .40 0.70
E 0.025 0.025 0.015 0 .40 0.70
C 0.035 0.035 0.02 0.02 0.015 0.70 0.70
1.00- 0.015-
Q460 D 0.20 0.55 0.030 0.030 ~ ~ 0.015 0.70 0.70
1.70 0.060
E 0.025 0.025 0.20 0.20 0.015 0.70 0.70

Table A.4 mechanical property of low alloy content high-strength structural steel (from GB/T1591…1994)
主1巳ld pointσ之MPa ballistic work, AKV
Exten
Thickness(diameter, side Tensile (longitudinal)
Trade sibility
Grade length) Il1ll! Strength J Remarks
mark 05
>16- >35- >50- σb MPa
三 16
二〉
20.C O.C -20.C -40.C
35 50 100
A 23
Q295 295 275 255 235 390-570
B 23 34
A 21 161\缸，
B 21 34 16肌企1q，
Q345 C 345 325 295 275 470-630 22 16MnR in
D 22 34 GB1591-
34
E 22 27 1988
A 19
15岛在nv，
B 19 34
151\企1Ti in
Q390 C 390 370 350 330 490-650
GB1591-
D 34
34 1988
E 27
A 18
B 18 34
Q420 C 420 400 380 360 520-680 19
D 19 34
34
E 19 27
C 17
Q460 D 460 440 420 400 550-720 17 34
34
E 17 27
Notel: The bal1istic work and testing temperaωre of Charpy (V type gap) impact t巳st shall m巳et the specification of Table
A.4 .τ'he ballistic work value shall be calculated as per the arithmetic average of thr巳e sample values , öneQf the
sample values is permissible lower than the specified value in Table A .4 but not lower than 70% of the specifièd
value.

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61
Note 2: Bending test shall be conducted for grade A st四1 ， and for steel of other quality grade,
bend且ng test may not be conducted if the supplier guarantees the bending test results
∞mply to 由e spωification ofTable A .4.
Note 3: Trademark 16Mn steel in the original stand缸d GB1591-1988 changed to Q345 steel, and 15MnV and 15MnTi are
changedωQ390.

Table A.5 Chemical composition of steel plate used for pressure vessels (from GBIT6654…1996)
Chemical composition %
Trade
S P
mark C h企1 Si V Mo Nb Cr
Not bigger than
20R 三0.20 0.40-0.90 0.15-0 .3 0 0.030 0.035
16MnR <0 .20 1.20-1.60 0.20-0.55 0.030 0.035
15MnVR <0.18 1.20-1.60 0.20-0.55 0.04-0.12 0.030 0.035

Table A.6 Mechanical and processing property of steel plate used for pressure vessels
(仕om GB6654-四 1996)

Exten
Yield
sibility
pomtσs V type ballistic work 180 o cold
Plate Tensile 05
Trade Delivery MPa bending
Thickness Strength MPa
mark state test,
mr丑 σbMPa AKV
Temperature d=2a
>
。C
(crosswise)
J
6-16 400-500 245
25
>16-36 235
20R 20 31 d=2a
>36-60 225
390-510 24
>60-100 205
hot rolling, 6-16 510-640 345 21
d=2a
control rolling >16-36 490-620 325
16MnR or >36-60 470-600 305 20 31
normalizing >60-100 460-590 285 20 d=3a
>100-120 450-580 275
6-16 530-665 390
151\也lVR >16-36 510-645 370 19 20 31 d=3a
>36-60 490-625 350
Note1: All trademark steel is killed steel.
Note 2: The resuIts of steel plate tensile te峙， Charpy (V type gap) impact test and' cold bending test shall comply to the
specification of Table A.6. Cold bending test is conducted when it is noted in the contract only for steel plate
thicker than 60mm.
Note 3: The Charpy (V type gap) ballistic work value shall be ca1culated as per the arithmetic average ofthree sample values ,
one ofthe s缸nple values is permissible lower than the specified value in Table A. 6 but not lower than 70% of the
specified value.

Á.2 Property of Stainless Steel and Stainless Clad Steel Plate

The prope时y of stainless steel and stainless c1ad steel plate shall comply with the
specification ofTable A. 7~A.1O.

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62
 Table A.7 Chemical composition of austenÎtic stainless steel (from GB/T4237--1992)
Trade Chemical composition %
mark C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo
OCr1 8Ni9 三0.08 <1. 00 三2.00 三0.035 ::::0.030 9.00~13.00 18.00~20.00

lCr18Ni9 三0.15 三1. 00 三2.00 三0.035 三0.030 8.00~10.00 17.00~19.00

OCr1 8Nil0Ti 三0.08 <1. 00 三2.00 三0.035 三0.030 9.00~13.00 17.00~19.00

lCr18Ni9Ti 三0.12 <1.00 三2.00 ::::0.035 三0.030 9.00~13.00 17.00~ 19.00

Table A.8 Mechanical composition of austenitic stainless steel after solution treatment
(from GB/T4237--1992)
Tensile test Hardness test
Tensile
Trademark Yield strength Extensibility
S位ength HB HRB HV
σO.2 MPa Õ5 %
σ'b MPa

OCr18Ni9 2':205 主520 >40 ::::187 三90 三200

lCr18Ni9 >205 2': 520 ;三40 三 187 三90 三200

OCrI8Ni1 0Ti >205 2': 520 ;三40 三 187 ::::90 三200

lCr18Ni9Ti >205 主520 主40 三 187 三90 ::::200

Table A.9 Clad and base steel material standard of stainless clad steel plate
(from GB/T8165--1997)
Clad steel material Base steel material
GB3274 GB713
GB/T3280
Standard number Standard number GB3531 GB6654
GB/T4237
YB(T)40 YB(T)41
OCr13
OCr13Al
Q235-A
OCr17
Q234-B
OCr17Ti
20
OCr18Ni9
Typical steel trademark Typical steel trademark 20R
OCr18Ni lOTi
20g
OCr1 9Ni1 0
16MnR
OCr17Ni1 2M02
15CrMoR
00Crl 7Ni1 2M02
00Cr18Ni5M03Si2

Table A.I0 Ar ea incorporation rate of stainless clad steel plate

(from GB/T8165-199η
Interface bonding Incorporation
Type Unc1ad state
grade rate %
BI
Grade 1 BRI 100 Unc1 ad zone is not permirted
RI
BII
For individual unc1ad zone, length shall not be bigger
Grade II BRII 主99
than 50mm and area not bigger than 20cm2
RII
BIII
For individual unc1 ad zone, length shall not be bigger
Grade III BRIII 主95
than 75mm and area not bigger than 45cm2
RIII

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63
Note1: If composition rate of stainless clad steel plate is not up to th巳 specification of Table A. l 0, it is allowed to repair the
clad steellayer with unclad defectby fuse welding. This method shall meet 也e following requirements.
Note 2: According to the ratio of unclad area and total area, and size of individual unclad zone and number of zones , clad
steel plates are divided as grade 1, grade 11, and grade 111. Grade 1 clad steel plate is suitable for members not
perr丑i忧ed to have unclad zones and strictly controlled when it is processed. Grade 11 clad steel plat巳 is suitable for

members perrnitted to have a few unclad zones. Grade III clad steel plate is suitable for members with clad
material only used as cOITosion-resistant layer.
Note 3: B represents explosion method, R represents rolling method and BR represents explosion rolling.

Table A.ll Mechanical property of stainless clad steel plate

ballistic work,
Interface shearing Yieldpoint Tensile s位ength Extensibility
Grade AKV
strength JbMPa三 σs MPa σ'b MPa ö %
J
I Not less than
11 lower limit but
Not less than Comply
not bigger than Not less than
standard value specification of
upper limit standard value ofbase
of base steel base steel
III I 200 35MPa ofbase steel plate③
plate① plate④
steel plate
standard②
Note ( : The yield point lower limit of clad steel plate and steel band can also be calculated as per the following equation
(A. l):
σs=(t lσ sl + t2σs2 )/( t l + t2) (A. l)
where:
σsl---- yield point lower limit of clad steel plate, MPa;
σs2---- yield point lower limit of clad steel plate, MPa;
tl … -thickness of clad st巳el plate , mm;
t2 一一 thickn巳ss of clad steel plate , mm.
Note (: The tensile strength lower limit of clad steel plate and steel band can also be calculated as per the following
巳quation (A .1):
σb=(t lσ'bl + t2σb2) /( t l + t2) (A. l)
where:
σbl一_ yield point lower limit of clad steel plate, MPa;
同2一_ yield point lower limit of clad steel plate, MPa;
tl-一thickness of clad steel plate, mm;
tz-- --thickness of clad steel plate , mm.
Note (When clad steel extensibility standard value is smaller than base steel standard value and clad steel plate
巳xtensibility is smaller than base steel but not smaller than clad steel standard value , it is allowable to cut open
clad steel and tension test is carried out only on base steel, and its extensibility shall not be smaller than the base
steel standard.
Note ( :Clad steel of clad steel plate shall not conduct ballistic work test.

Table A.12 Bending property of stainless clad steel plate

Thickness Width Bending Bending core diameter d Test result
(mm) (mm) angle Inner Outer Inner Outer
a<20mmd=2a a<20mmd=2a
<25 b=2a 180。 Outer side of bending
a::::20mmd=3a a>20mmd=3a
posltlOn shall not
Base steel thickness Base steel thickness
produce cracks and
processed to 25mm, processed to 25mm,
compos Jte interface
>25 b=2a 180。 bending core diameter bending core diameter
shall have no
complied to base steel complied to base steel
separatlOn
standard standard
Note: a is the thickness of clad steel plate.

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64
A.3 Surface quality of common carbon steel and low alloy steel hot rolled thick plate
The Surface quality of common carbon constructional steel and low alloy structural steel hot
rolled thick plate shall comply with the following provisions (仕om GB/T3274- 1988):
(1) Steel plate surface shall not have bubble, outgrowth, tensile crack, fold , inclusion
and 位ickle scale. Steel plate and steel band shall not be laminated.
(2) Steel plate surface is allowed to have thin oxide skin rust that will not prevent 仕om
inspecting surface defects , indistinctive roughness due to tricklè scale fallout , scratch, netlike
design caused by roller and other local defects , but the convex concave shall not exceed half
of plate thickness tolerance , and not exceed the permissible plate minimum thickness for low
alloy steel plate.
(3) Defects on steel plate surface shall not be repaired by welding or plugging, but
removed with chisel and grinding wheel instead. The places cleaned up shall be f1at 仕ee of
edge angel and the cleaned depth shall not exceed the minus range of plate thickness
tolerance, and not exceed the permissible plate minimum thickness for low alloy steel plate.
(4) Cut edge of steel plate shall not have saw tooth concave-convex, but it is al10wed to
have individual hair lines not deeper than 2mm and not longer than 25mm.
(5) According to the agreement between buyer and supplier, steel plate thicker than
10mm can be checked by ultrasonic test one by one and the checking method shall be clearly
specified by both parties.

Notel: Steel plate size, outline , weight and their deviations shall meet the specification of GB709.
Note 2: Applicable for 4mm~200mm common carbon steel and low alloy s位uctural hot rolled thick steel plate.

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Appendix B (normative)

Welding technology assessment

of stainless clad steel
B. l Gelleral
B. 1.1 This welding technology assessment applied for stainless steel products produced by
methods of rolling , explosion rolling , explosion and deposit welding.
B,1.2 Welding technology assessment of clad steel plate shall follow not only this
specification but also the relevant specification of 4.1 "welding technology assessment" in
this standard.
B.2 Weldillg Technology Assessment Rule
B.2.1 Specimen shall be prepared with stainless clad steel (including base steel and clad
steel).
B.2.2 The valid thickness range of weldment (including base material and weld metal)
applied for the qualified welding technology shall be calculated as per the thickness of base
steel and clad steel respectively.
B.2.3 The minimum value of valid thickness range of clad weld metal applied for the
qualified welding technology shall be the thickness of clad weld metal.
B.2 .4 For tension and bending test on specimen, the stainless clad steel welded joint
(including base steel，仕ansitional weld and clad steel) shall be all subject to inspection , and
only base steel welded joint is inspected for impact tes t.
(1) sample for tension test shall include the full thickness of clad steel and base steel.
(2) Ifthe m司jor welding technology assessing factors are different for transitional weld
and clad steel weld, 4 side-bend samples shall be adopted. If the major welding technology
assessing factors are same for transitional weld and clad steel weld, side-bend sample shall
be adopted as far as possible, and 2 back-bend samples and 2 face-bend samples may also be
adopted. The base weld metal will be in tension for back-bend tes t.
The dimension for bending test sample is shown in Table B. 1.
(3) Impact test is carried out only on the base steel weld zone and heat-affected zone.
Table B.l Dimension for bending test sample
Thickn臼 sS B巳nding core Seat face Bending
Type of sample diametermm distance angle
口lill

Side sample 10 40 63
180。

Face-bend and back-bend sample S 4S 6S+3

B.2.5 Qualification indexes for mechanical property test

(1) Tension tes t: tensile strength σb of each sample shall meet the calculation result of
equation (A. 2) of Note ( in Table A.l1 "Mechanical prope均T of clad steel plate" of
Appendix A.
(2) Bending test: after sample is bended to the specified angle , the stretched face shall
not have any flaw or defect longer than 3mm in any direction, but edge angle flaw is not

338

66
counted. For lamination and crack of composite interface of stainless clad steel side-bend
test specimen produced by methods of rolling, explosion rolling and explosion, it is allowed
to take sample again for tes t.
(3) Impact test: the average value ofnormal temperature impact absorption power for 3
samples in one group in each zone shall comply with drawing or specification of relevant
technical document, and not be smaller than 27J. The impact absorption power of at most 1
sample is permitted lower than but not lower than 70% of the specified value.

339

67
APPENDIX C (Normative)

Preparation of mechanic property test plate for welding technology

assessment, sample size, testing method and qualification standard

C.l Preparation of Butt Joint Specimen

C. 1.1 Specimen size of plate butt joint shall meet the requirement of sample needed to be cut
off, and the cutting position is shown in Fig C.l.
C.1. 2 After w e1ding the specimen shall be inspected visually and detected by X ray, and
when it is qualified, the mechanical property test can be carried out.
C. 1.3 Appearance inspection shall meet the re1 evant specification ofTable 4 .4 .1.
C. 1.4 Specimen ray detection shall be made in line with GB/T3323 , and the quality of
radiograph shall not be lower than grade AB and weld quali可 not lower than grade 11.
Specimen ultrasonic detection shall be made in line with GB/T11345 , and inspection level
shall be up to grade B and weld quality not lower than grade 1.
C. 1.5 Hardness shall be tested at the locations shown in Fug C.2.
C.2 Shape and Size of Butt Joint Mechanical Property Specimen
C. 2.1 Tension test specimen
(1) Butt j oint specimen may adopt specimen with scapulet;
(2) Specimen with scapulet is shown as Fig C.3;
(3) Weld reinforcement of specimen shall be removed by mechanic method to be flush
with base material, and the specimen thickness shall be equal or approach its base metal
thickness 8.
(4) Specimen with thickness smaller than or equal to 30mm shall be tested by adopting
full thickness sample.
川剧……酬…酬

C.2.2 Bending test specimen

(1) Size and surface roughness of lengthwise and
crosswise face-bend and back-bend specimen
shall meet the specification of Fig C.4, and the
size of crosswise side bending specimen is 曲...胆h费7

shown in Fig C.5.

1 rejection; 2 for side-bending test; 3 for tension test; 4 for b!fI

face-bending or side-bending test; 5 for standby; 6 back-bending 画圈圈趾

or side-bending test; 7 for tension test; 8 for face-bending or

side-bending test; 9 for impact test; 10 r~才 ection

Fig C.l Cntting position for test

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68
 measured line

跚:$!:蝇
/?4.....
飞 HF 寸 l
H 崎'
II -l ...l
I I 00 •
1I斗1<'1 1 y l 飞斗|
飞----
Center space of two neighboring indentations at S-specimen thickness , mm; W-parallel sid巳 width of
thin line: 1.0mm specimen in tension; bigger than or equal to 25mm; hk-max
Center space of 阳10 neighboring indentations at weld width, mm; h-held part length, depending on testing
thick line: O.5mm tool, mm.
Fig C.2 Location for hardness testing Fig C.3 Butt joint scapular specimen

同且可植们扎间事
•
EHabuE
口
口
〈画}
口口

【的

ff Ei~ 1 SJL JI S L
(<l) UU 111
筒曙 背曙

(a) plate crosswise face-bend test; (b) plate crosswise back-bend t臼t;
(c) plat巳 1巳ngthwise face-bend and back-b巳nd test;
Fig C.4 Lengthwise and crosswise face周.bend and back-bend specimen

口
Er
Fig C. 5 Plate crosswise side bending specimen

(2) Lengthwise and crosswise face-bend and back-bend specimen length I=D+2.5s+100mm
(where D-bending core diameter mm) , crosswise side bending specimen length l=D+ 105mm,
and 150mm 面 mm由1田n;
(3) Specimen width B=38mm, crosswise side bending specimen width is the direction

341

69
of specimen thickness;
(4) Specimen tension face edge angle R<2.
C.2.3 Impact test specimen
(1) The lOmm x lOmm x55mm specimen with V type gap shall be standard specimen
and the specimen size and deviation shall meet the specification of Fig C.6. The sample gap
botiom shall be smooth and free of distinctive scratches parallel to gap axis.

R Cl 2J古(l.!llS

10:]

Table C. 6 V type specimen for impact test

(2) Specimen shall be prepared by machining or grinding and the processed surface
shall be prevented from being stress hardening or material overheated.
(3) specimen gap may be at weld and heat-affected zone respectively depending on test
requirement, the gap axis shall be normal to weld surface, and the sampling location is
shown in Fig C.7.
(4) The specimen with visible defects such as bubble, inclusion, etc shall not be used
for test.

刷~ ~

i叫 (\;1>

(a) Impact test sampling location in heat-affected zone; (b) Impact test sampling location in weld zone;
Fig C.7 Sampling location ofimpact test specimen
Notel: Õl =lmm 、-2mm， for õ~60mm; Õ2=T/4, for õ>60mm.
Note 2: For welding 企om bath sides , Õ2 shall be measured 企om the later welded steel surface.

C.3 Mechanical Property Testing Method and Qualification Standard

C.3.1 Tension test

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70
 (1) Tension test shall be conducted according to the provisions ofGB/T228.
(2) When sample base metal is of the same trademark, the tensile strength of each
specim.en shall not be lower than the lower limit of base metal 仕ademark standard value.
(3) When sample base metal is of different trademark, the tensile strength of each
specimen shall not be lower than the lower value of 阳10 steel trademark standard lower
limits.
C.3.2 Bending test
(1) Tension test shall be conducted according to the provisions ofGB/T232.
(2) Specimen weld center shall be aligned to bending core axis. For side bending test, if
specimen surface has defects , the side with more serious defect shall be used as tension
surface.
(3) Bending test specimen shall be bended according to the specified angle in Table C.1 ,
its tension surface shall have no individual crack or defect longer than 3mm in any direction,
and edge angel crack is generally not considered but the edge angel crack length caused by
inclusion or other welding defects shall be counted.
Table C.l Specification of bending test sizes
Bending core diameter D Distance between supports
Specimen thickness S mm Bending angle
mm mm
<10 4S 6S+3
180。
10 40 63

Notel: The joint bending angle of welding with backing shall follow the specification for welding from bath sides.
Note 2: The bending angle ofhetero steeljoint shall follow the specification for steel at side oflower plasticity.

C.3.3 Impact test

(1) Impact test shall be conducted according to the provisions ofGB/T229.
(2) the average value of normal temperature impact absorption power for 3 samples in
one group in each zone shall comply with drawing or specification of relevant
technical document, and not be smaller than 27J. The impact absorption power of at
most 1 sample is permitted lower than but not lower than 70% of the specified value.

C.4 Preparation of Fillet Weld Specimen

C.4.1 Angle-shape weld specimen size and sample are shown in Fig C.8 and Table C.2.
-mEh国

i
n''

metallographic specimen
Fig C.8 Angle-shape weld specimen and sample (Unit: mm)

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71
 Table C. 2 Thickness composition of angle-shape weld specimen Unit: mm
Wing plate thickness /)1 Web thickness /)2

<3 01
>3 三0 1. but not smaller than 3

C.4.2 Plate composite weld specimen size and sample are shown in Fig C.9 and Table C.3.

ama

品~
啊eT
，a

incomplete penetration; 也11 penetration

Fig C. 9 Plate composite weld specimen sÍZe and sample (Unit: mm)

Table C.3 Thickness composition of plate composite weld specimen Unit: mm

Wingplate
Web thickness /)4 Applicable valid range of base metal thickness
thickness /)3
<20 三03 Wing plate thickness and web are smaller than 20 in thickness
Any or both of wing plate and web are not smaller than 20 in
三20 三03. and 二三20
thickness

C.4.3 After the assessment specimen of fillet weld and plate composite weld are welded,
they must be subject to visual inspection and magnetic powder penetrant inspection. After
qualification, it is cut into 5 equal parts after 25mm cut off from both ends of the specimen,
shown as in Fig C.8 and C.9.
(1) Fillet weld qualification standard: weld metal and heat-affected zone shall have no
crack and incomplete fusion.
(2) Plate composite weld qualification standard: weld metal and heat-affected zone shall
have no crack and incomplete 且lsion， and the penetration degree at root of weld shall meet
the specification of 4 .4 .9.

344

72
APPENDIX D (Informative)

Recommended Format ofWelding Technology Guidance and

Welding Technology Assessment Report

Table D.l Recommended format ofwelding technology guidance

Name ofunit
Welding technology guidance No: Dat巳:

Welding technology assessment report N 0

Welding method:
Degree ofmechanization(manual, semi-automatic or automatic):

Welding joint:
Fig: (j oint and groove form , size , welding layer and pass arrangement and sequence)
Groove form:
Backer (material and specification):
Other:

Base metal:
TypeNo group No and type No
group No phase welding and standard No
steel trademark and standard No
steel trademark phase welding thickness range;
Base metal: butt weld fillet weld
Weld metal thickness range: butt weld fillet weld
Others:

welding material:
Electrode trademark specification type
tungsten electrode type and specification
Welding wire trademark wire specification
type welding agent trademark
electrode drying parameter_一_ welding agent 由ymg parameter_ _
shielding gas flow rate others
welding material standard filling metal size
Weld (welding wire) deposit metal ch巳mical composition (%)
Welding
material C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo V Ti Nb
trademark

Welding location:
Butt weld location welding direction
Fillet weld location

Preheating, interlayer and post heating tempera饥lre:

。C
Preheating temperature (p ermissible minimum value)
Preheating hold time 口1世1

Interlayer temperature (p ermissible maximum value) ℃

345

73
 Type ofheating
。C
Post heating temperature
Post heating hold time 自1m

Post welding stress-reliefheat treatment:

。C
Temperature range
Hold time mm
Electric property:
Current type: Polarity:
welding current range A arc voltage V

Parameter requirement for welding technology specification: (current and voltage range shall be listed respectively
according to welding location and thickness, and recorded in the following table)

Electrode Shield
Current Welding
Weld (wire) Arc Sp巳ed mg gas
Welding line缸
mg voltage cmJ Flow
method Trade Dia energy
layers Polarity A V 口l1n type Rate
mark meter kJ/cm
Llmin

Operation technical requirement:

weaving welding or Non-weaving welding
weavmg parameter
nozzle diameter
dis切nce 仕om ignitor to workpiece
clearing before welding
interlayer back gouging
type ofback gouging
requirement ofback gouging
single-pass welding or multi-pass welding
others

Basic requirements for butt joint:

1 Visual inspection
inspection assessment standard
2 Nondestructive testing
type oftesting
testing assessment standard
3 Mechanical property

346

74
 Impact test
Bending
Tensile strength Yield strength
angle
σ'bMPa σO.2 MPa Testing
(0) Gap type Gap location
temperature .C

4 Other testing

Prep缸ed Reviewed Approved

Date Date Date
by by by

.l.....-.. -牛--

Table D.2 Recommended format of welding technology assessment report

Name ofunit
Welding technology guidance No: Date:
Welding technology assessment report No:
Welding method:
Degree ofmechanization(manual, semi-automatic or automatic):

Joint figure: (groove form , welding layers and sequence)

Base metal:
Material standard steel trademark
Type and group No and type and group No一一一_ phase welding

Filler metal:
Welding material standard
Welding material trademark
Welding material specification
Weld metal thickness

Welding location:
Butt weld location direction: (upward or dow丑ward)
Fillet weld location direction: (upward or downward)

Preheating, interlayer and post heating temperature:

。C
Preheating temperaωre:
。C
Interlayer temperature:
。C
Hydrogen removing temperature
Hydrogen removing time mm
Post welding heat 位eatrnent:
Heat treatrnent temperature: .C holding time 自11n

347

75
Shielding gas:
Type and proportion flowrate Llmin

Elec往ical property:
Current 守pe polarity
Welding current A arc voltage V
Others

Technical measures:
Welding speed cm/min weaving or nonweaving welding_一一一
Weaving parameter
Single-pass welding or multi-pass welding (巳 ach side)
Single-wire welding or multi-wire welding
Others
Welding technology parameter
Elec位od巳(wire) Welding cu町ent Shielding gas Welding
Arc Welding
Welding Welding Flow linear
Diameter Current voltage speed
layers method 仕ademark polarity type rate energy
mm A V cm/min
Llmin kJ/cm

Operation technology:

Conclusion of appearance insp巳ction:

Sample No Appearance defects discovered Assessment result

Inspection unit I Inspect叫ortNo

Conclusion of nondestructive detection:

Metallic Joint hardness
Sample Inspection Assessed Assessment
Welding defect Phase Base
No me仕lO d grade r巳sult Weld
macrography material

Inspection unit Inspection report No

Tension test Test report No

Cross
Width Fracture load Tensile strength Fracture position &
Sample No Thickness mm sectlOn
mm 2 kN h在Pa feature
areamm

348

76
Bending test Test report No
Bending
core Bending angle
S缸口pleNo Type Thickness mm Test resu 1t
diameter (0)
mm

Impacttest Test report No

Impact
Sample Gap Testing
SampleNo Gap type absorption remarks
slze location temperature oC
power J

Hardness test resu1t σIB) Test report No

Weld Heat-affected zone Base metal

Metallic phase inspection resu1t Test report No

Macrography Microscopic view

Conclusions of other testing items:

Conclusion: 白lis assessment follows the specification of to weld specimen, inspect sample, measure I
proper句， and confmn the testing record valid.

Assessment result: (qualified or not qualified)

Welder ∞ de
Weldername Welding date
name
Prebpyared |

Inspection by
the 3rd party

349

77
APPENDIX E (Informative)

Composition of Inorganic Zinc Ri ch Paint

for High-Strength Bolted Connection Face

1.5% sodium alginate solution 3~4pt

Zinc powder (mesh 320) 21 pt

Liquid silica glass (modulus 3.1) 4pt

Weatherproof agent 4 .2 pt

Friction producing substance 0.7 pt

Magnesium chloride curing agent solution (solution s位ength 28%)

Notel: Composition sodium alginate solution---一--- put 1g technical grade sodium alginate
into 100g water; make sodium alginate dissolve by heating and churning; add in 19
1110 salicylic acid alcoholic solution; let it standing 12 h a武er chumed uniform;
and it can be used after the solution is uniform.

Note 2: When inorganic zinc rich paint is sufficiently dry several hour after rush application
(It appears metallic luster when scraping by fingemail) , magnesium chloride
curing agent solution is applied.

Note 3: Magnesium chloride curing agent solution is prepared by dissolving 28g magnesium
chloride in 72g water, and then regulate its relative density to 1. 116 by adding or
reducing water with a relative density meter.

Note 4: As inorganic zinc rich paint has high zinc content and is apt to settle down, it should
be 仕equently chumed during application. The coating thickness of inorganic zinc
rich paint shall be 100阳n~200μID.

350

78
APPENDIX F (Normative)

Skid Resistance Coefficient and Fastening

Moment Testing of High-Strength Bolt

F.l Provision for Testing Skid Resistance Coefficient of High-strength Bolt Friction Face
F.l.l Specimen used for skid resistance coefficient test shall be prepared by manufacturer.
Specimen and the steel structure members shall be of the same material quality and
fabricated in the batch, and adopt the same 仕iction face treatment process, use the same
property grade and same diameter high-strength bolting suite.
F. 1.2 Skid resistance coefficient test shall adopt tension specimen with two 丘iction surfaces
scabbed by two bolts.
F. 1.3 Skid resistance coefficient μis calculated with Equation (F.l):
μ= N/(nfx IP t ) (F.l)
where: N---slipping load measured by testing (KN);
nf二-- force conveying 丘iction surface plate, n f= 2;
IPc--sum of high-strength bolt prestress measured values corresponding to slipping
load side of specimen (kN).
F.l.4 Link 仕iction surface processed at site, skid resistance coefficient shall be tested out as
per the specification of F .1 .2 and F .1.3 and meet the design requirement.

F.2 Provision for Testing High-strength Bolt Fastening Moment

币le specified fastening force and fastening moment ofhigh-strength bolt are shown in Table F.l.

Table F.l Specified fastening force and fastening moment of high-strength bolt
Nomina1 High-strength bo1t Construction pretension, P c kN Construction torque, Tc N'm
diameterd mean torque Bo1t property grade Bo1t property grade
m虹1 coefficient 8.8S 1O.9S 8.8S 10.9S
M12 0.130 45.0 60.0 70.2 93.6
M16 0.130 75.0 110.0 156.0 228.8
M20 0.130 120.0 170.0 312.0 442.0
M22 0.130 150.0 210.0 429.0 600.6
M24 0 .1 30 170.0 250.0 530 .4 780.0
M27 0 .1 30 225.0 320.0 789.8 1123.2
M30 0.130 275.0 390.0 1072. 5 152 1. 0
Note1: The initial twist torque ofhigh-strength 1arge hexagonal head tap bo1t shall be 50% of臼al construction twistωIrque.
Note 2: The cons位uction torque ofhigh-strength 1arge hexagona1 head tap bo1t can be ca1cu1ated by Equation (F.2):
Tc=k'Pc'd σ .2)
Where: Tc---construction torque (N'm);
k-… --torque coefficient average ofhigh-strength bo1ting suite shall be 0.110-0.150 , and its standard deviation shall
be smaller than 0.010;
Pc 一… construction pretension ofhigh-strength bo1t (kN);
d… -high-strength bo1t diameter (mm).
Note 3: Check torque ofhigh-strength 1arge hexagona1 head tap bo1t can be calcu1ated by Equation (F.3):
Tch=k'P'd (F .3)
Where: Tch ---check torque (N'时， random1y check 10% of tightened high-streng仕1 bo1t suites by 100sening nut
about 60 0 and tightening ii again, then the measured torque shall be 0.9 Tch -1. 1 Tch '
P---design pretension ofhigh-str~_ngth b10t (Pc= 1.1 P}.

351

79
APPENDIX G (Normative)

De-rusting Grade of Steel Surface Prior Painting

In Standard GB/T 8923-88 , the 4 derusting grades are specified as follows:

Sal: Rust removal by low-grade spraying or slinging

Steel surface shall be free of visible grease or diet as well as un-firmly attached oxide
skin, rust and paint coating, etc. See photo BSal, CSal and DSal.

Sa2: Rust removal by thourough spraying or slinging

Steel surface shall be 仕ee of visible grease or diet and oxide skin, rust and paint coating,
etc are basically removed and their leftover is firmly attached. See photo BSa2 , CSa2 and
DSa2.

sdj:Rustremovalby 叩呻 S咿
p严ray阿
f
Steel 饥
su町
ru
岛ac
臼 e shall 忱
be 丘
fre
臼 e of visible grease, diet, oxide skin, rust and paint coating, etc
1 __ _1
and any leftover traces are only light dot or s位ipy splash. See photo ASa2 一， BSa2 =
2' 2

csa21andDSa21.
2 2

Sa3: Rust removal by very thourough spraying or slinging to make steel appearance
clean
Steel surface shall be free of visible grease, diet, oxide skin, rust and paint coating, etc
and the surface shall assume uniform metallic color and lustre. See photo ASa3 , BSa3 , CSa3
andDSa3.

Notel: Forphotos , see GB8923-1988.

352

80
APPENDIX H CInformative)

Calculation Table of Atmospheric Dew Point

Environment
temperature
℃ -5 。 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Re1ative
humidity %

95 -6.5 国1.3 3.5 8 .2 13 .3 18.3 23.2 28.0 33.0 38.2

85 -7.2 -2.0 2.6 7 .3 12.5 17.4 22.0 27.0 32.0 37.1 I

80 -7.7 -2.8 1. 9 6.5 1 1. 5 16.5 2 1. 0 25.9 3 1.0 36.2 I
75 -8 .4 -3.6 0.9 5.6 10.4 15 .4 19.9 24.7 29.6 35.0

70 -9.2 -4 .5 -0.2 4.6 9.1 14.2 18 .5 23.3 28.1 33.5

65 -10.0 -5 .4 -1. 0 3.3 8.0 13.0 17.4 22.0 26.8 32.0

60 -10.8 -6 -2 .1 2 .3 6.7 1 1.9 16.2 20.6 25.3 30 .5

55 -1 1. 5 -7 .4 -3.2 1. 0 5.6 10 .4 14.8 19.1 23.0 28.0

50 -12.8 -8 .4 -4 .4 -0 .3 4.1 8.6 13.3 17 .5 22.2 27 .1

45 -14.3 -9.6 -5.7 -1. 5 2.6 7.0 1 1.7 16.0 20 .2 25.2

40 -15.9 -10.3 -7.3 -3.1 0.9 5 .4 9.5 14.0 18 .2 23.0

35 -17.5 -12 .1 -8.6 -4.7 -0.8 3 .4 7 .4 12.0 16.1 20.6

30 -19.9 -14 .3 国 10 .2 -6.9 -2.9 1.3 5.2 9.2 13.7 18.0

353

81
APPENDIX 1 Clnformative)

Inspection of Metal Coating Thickness

and Bonding Performance

1.1 Inspection of Metal Coating Thickness

The inspection method of metal coating thickness is as follows:
(1) When magnetic thickness tester is used in an effective area of 1 m2 and above , the
coating thickness at 10 points is measured on the reference surface of an area of 1dm2
and the arithmetic average of 10 values is taken as the local average thickness value
of the reference surface. The measuring point distribution is shown as Fig 1. 1. When
the effective area is 1 m2 and less , the coating thickness at 5 points is measured on the
reference surface of an area of lcm2 and the arithmetic average of 5 values is taken as
the local average thickness value of the reference surface. The measuring point
distribution is shown as Fig 1. 2.
(2) according to workpiece size and structure complexity and following the principle of
uniform distribution and representativeness , generally on regular surface at least 3
reference surfaces are taken for every 10m2 and for surface with complicated
structure reference surface may be rationally increased.

G θ 。
~
由
8@0
o 0o
tl1口'

Fig 1.1 Measuring point layout of 10币。int method

Fig 1.2 Measuring point layout of 5-point method

。) The minimum local thickness of measured coating shall not be smaller than the
design specification.

1.2 Inspection of Metal Coating Bonding performance

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82
The inspection method ofmetal coating bonding performance is as follows:
(1) Coating is cut into Square lattices with hard edge cutter shown in Fig 1.3 and the size
is listed in Table 1. 1.
Table 1.1 Coating lattice size
Approximate area of cut zone
Coating thickness inspectedμm Distance between scratches mm
mm X 口nn

<200 15x15 3
>200 25x25 5

(2) The cutter edge shall be kept at 90 0 to coating surface (See Fig 1.4) , and after cutting,
coating shall be cut through to the base metal surface.

串串阴阳

Fig 1.3 Shape of cutter edge Fi g 1.4 Cutter's cutting angle

(3) Cloth adhesive tape 25mm wide is stuck on the lattice coating surface and pressed
tight with roller of 500g load or fingers. And then one end of the tape is held by hand in a
direction normal to coating surface as shown in Fig 1.5. The tape is quickly and abrup t1y tom
open to inspect whether coating is stuck by tape and peeled off.
(4) No position of coating peeled off from base metal is considered up to the standard. If
the tape has broken coating stuck on but the broken part occurs between coating layers and
not on the base metal surface, and the base is not exposed, it is also considered up to the
standard.
T略~.i!I pcdcd l!ft'

Z品τaElil
缸曲H叫"
可咽'C1ça1 M:çc如'‘

C帽自唱 a ..m..国

Fig.I.5 Adhesive tape peeling off mode

Base surface; coating surface; press tight tape with fingers after cutting through coating; one end of tape is
peeled off in vertical direction; coating; cut coating into square lattices.

355

83
APPENDIX J CInformative)

Cast Steel Products for General Works and

Structures

J.l GB/T11352 <<Cast Carbon Steel Products for General Works)) Extraction

J. 1.1 The chemical composition of cast carbon steel products shall meet the specification
Table J. 1.

J. 1.2 The mechanical proper句T of cast carbon steel products shall meet the specification
Table J .2.
Table J.1 Chemical composition of cast carbon steel products

Element maximum content %

Trademark
Residual element
C Si h也1 S P
Ni Cr Cu Mo V
ZG 200-400 0.02 0.80
ZG 230-450 0.30 0.50
ZG 270-500 0 .40 0.04 0.04 0.30 0.35 0.30 0.20 0.05
0.90
ZG 310-570 0.50
0.60
ZG 340-640 0.60

Note1: It is permissible to increase Mn by 0.04% for upper limit C reduced by 0.01 %, the maximum content ofMn is up
to 1.00% for ZG 200-400 and to 1.20% for the rest 4 trademark steel.
Note 2: The total amount ofresidual elements shall not exceed 1.00% , and ifthe buyer request, no analysis may be carried
out on residual elements.
Note 3: When acid fumace is used to produce cast carbon steel products ，世1巳 content of S and P shall be agreed upon by
both parties.

Table J.2 Mechanical property of cast carbon steel products

Minimum value
Yield s仕ength Tensile Selected by contract
Trademark Extensi
6 s or 6 0.2 strength 6 b Shrinkage Impact tenacity
bility
N/mm2 N/mm2 Ratio Akv αt
(kgflmm2) (kgflmm2)
o %
%", J kgfmlcm2
200 400
ZG 200-400 25 40 30 6.0
(20 .4) (40.8)
230 450
ZG 230-450 22 32 25 4.5
(23.5) (45.9)
270 500
ZG 270-500 18 25 22 3.5
(27.6) (5 1.0)
310 570
ZG 310-570 15 21 15 3
(3 1.6) (58.2)
340 640
ZG 340-640 10 18 10 2
(34.6) (65 .4)

356

84
J.2 GB/T14408 <<Cast Low Alloy Steel Products for General Works>)) Extraction

J .2 .1 The S and P content of low al10y steel castings for general works and structure shal1
meet the specification ofTable J.3.

J .2.2 The Mechanical property of low al10y steel castings for general works and structure
shal1 meet the specification ofTable J .4.
Table J.3 S and P content in chemical composition of low alloy steel castings
Maximum content %
Trademark
S P
ZGD2 70-480
ZGD2 90δ10

ZGD3 45-570
0.040 0.040
ZGD410-620
ZGD535-720
ZGD650-830
ZGD730-9 1O
0.035 0.035
ZGD840-1030
一

Table J .4 Mechanical property oflow alloy steel castings

Minimum value
Yield s位'ength C;s or Extensibility Shrinkage
Trademark Tensile s仕engthσb
σ0.2 8 Ratio '1'
MPa
MPa % %
ZGD270-480 270 480 18 35
ZGD290δ10 290 510 16 35
ZGD3 45-570 345 570 14 35
ZGD41 0-620 410 620 13 35
ZGD535-720 535 720 12 30
ZGD650-830 650 830 10 25
ZGD730-9 1O 730 910 8 22
ZGD840-1030 840 1030 6 20
Note: The mechanical prope吗r value in the table is measured from 28mm thick standard specimen.

357

85
APPENDIX K Clnformative)

Carbon Constructional Quality Steel and Structural

Alloy Steel

K.l GB/T 699 <<High-Quality Carbon Constructional SteeI)) Extraction

K.1.1 The trademark, unified numerical name and chemical composition (heat analysis) of
high-quality carbon constructional steel shall meet the specification of Table K.l.

Table K. l chemical composition of high-quality carbon constructional steel

Unified Chemica1 composition %
Trade
No numerica1 Cr Ni Cu
mark C Si Mn
na口le Not bigger than
U20252 25 0.22-0.29 0.17-0.37 0.50-0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
2 U20302 30 0.27-0.34 0 .1 7-0 .3 7 0.50-0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
3 U20352 35 0.32-0 .3 9 0.17-0.37 0.50-0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
4 U20402 40 0.37-0 .44 0.17-0.37 0.50~0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25
5 U20452 45 0 .42~0.50 0 .1 7~0 .3 7 0.50~0.80 0.25 0.30 0.25

Note: The trademark listed in the tab1e represents quality steel. For high-qua1ity stee1, "A" is added behind trademark (也e
1ast figur巳 of unified numerica1 name is changed to "
(the 1ast figure ofunified numerica1 name is changed to "6"). For rimmed stee1, "F" is added behind trademark (也e
1ast figure of unified numerica1
unified numerica1 name is "1").

K.1.2 The P and S content ofhigh.叩la必

lit守
y carbon ∞
c on览川
s创tructi
咀io∞nal steel shall meet the
specification of Table K.2.
Table K.2 P and S content of quality carbon constructional steel
P S
Group
Not bigger than %
Quality stee1 0.035 0.035
High-qua1ity stee1 0.030 0.030
Extra-super quality st巳e1 0.025 0.020

K. l.3 The longitudinal mechanical prope时y ofheat treatment (normalized) workblank

sample of high-quali句T carbon constructional steel shall meet the specification ofTable K.3.

358

86
 Table K. 3 Mechanical property of high
Recommended heat Delivery
Sample
位ea伽lent temperatur巳℃ σb σs Os v Aku2
State of steel hardness
Trade MPa h在Pa % % J
HBS lO/3 000 not bigger
O
巳口
口J=> 口
O
~ ←L q叫C g呗~
No slze
mark
mm I同但5e .R
b目b 4C B4
than
Not 位eated annealed
Not smaller than
byheat steel
25 25 900 870 600 450 275 23 50 71 170
2 30 25 880 860 600 490 295 21 50 63 179
3 35 25 870 850 600 530 315 20 45 55 197
4 40 25 860 840 600 570 335 19 45 47 217 187
5 45 25 850 840 600 600 355 16 40 39 229 197
Note: The recommended temperature holding time shall not be less 也an 30 min for normalizing and quenching, and lh f
or tempenng.

K.2 GB/T 3077 <<Alloy Structural SteeI)) Excerption

K.2.1 The trademark, unified numerical name and chemical composition (heat analysis) of
low alloy structural steel shall meet the specification of Table K.4.

K.2.2 The S, P and residual Cu, Cr, Ni and Mo content of low alloy structural steel shall
meet the specification ofTable K. 5.

K.2.3 The mechanical property of low alloy structural steel shall meet the specification of
Table K.6.
Table K. 4 Chemical composition of low alloy structural steel
Unified Chemical comoosition %
Trade
No Numerical
mark C Si Mn Cr Mo Ni
name
1 A00352 35:1\也12 0 .3 2~0 .3 9 0.17~0.37 1 .40~1.80

2 AI0272 27S iMn 0.24~0 .3 2 1.00~1 .40 1.1 0~ 1.40

3 AI0352 . 35S iM丑 0.32~0 .40 1.1 0~ 1. 40 1.1 0~ 1.40

4 A20402 40Cr 0.37~0 .44 0.17~0.37 0 .5 0~0.80 0.80~ 1.1 0

5 A20502 50Cr 0 .47~0 .54 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.80~ 1.1 0

6 A30352 35CrMo 0.32~0 .40 0 .1 7~0.37 0 .40~0.70 0.80~ 1.1 0 0.15~0.25

7 A30422 42CrMo 0.38~0 .4 5 0.17~0.37 0.50~0.80 0.90~1 .2 0 0.15~0.25

8 A42302 30CrNi3 0 .27~0.33 0.17~0 .3 7 0 .3 0~0.60 0.60~0.90 2.75~3.15

9 A42372 37CrNi3 0.34~0 .4 1 0.17~0 .3 7 0 .3 0~0.60 l.2 0~ 1. 60 3.00~3.50

10 A50202 20CrNiMo 0.17~0 .23 0.17~0 .3 7 0.60~O.95 0 .40~0.70 0.20~0.30 0.35~O.75

11 A50403 40CrNiMoA 0 .3 7~0 .44 0 .1 7~0 .3 7 0.50~0.80 0.60~0.90 0.15~0.25 l.2 5~ 1. 65

Notel: In this standard the trademark with "A" can on1y be used for order ofhigh-quality steel and other trademarks for
quality stee1.
Note 2: The unified numerical name is en1isted in line with the specification of GB/T 17616. The last figure is "2" for
quality steel , "3" for high-quality steel (with "A") and "6" for extra-high-quality steel (with "E").

Table K.5 The S,P and residual Cu, Cr, Ni and Mo content oflow alloy structural steel %
P S Cu Cr Ni Mo
Group of steel
Not bigger than -
Quality steel 0.035 0.035 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.15
High-quality steel 0.025 0.025 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.10
Extra-high-quality steel 0.025 0.015 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.10

359

87
 Table K.6 Mechanical property of low alloy structural steel
Heat treatment Mechanical property
Quenching tempering Shock Brinell hardness
Sample Tensile Yield Ext巳nsibi- Shrink
absorption in anealed and
Work strength pomt lity age
Trade power high temperature
No
mark
blank size Heating Heating σb σs 05 v Akv tempered S馄饨
Temperature Coolant Temperature Coolant MPa MPa % %
J HBI00/3000 not
。C
mm ℃
biggerthan
Not bigger than

l 35 1\伯12 25 840 water 500 water 835 685 12 45 55 207

2 27SiMn 25 920 water 450 引Tater， oil 980 835 12 40 39 217
3 35S il\企1 25 900 water 570 Water, oil 885 735 15 45 47 229
4 40Cr 25 850 oil 520 Water, oil 980 785 9 45 47 207
5 50Cr 25 830 oil 520 Water oil 1080 930 9 40 39 229
6 35CrMo 25 850 oil 550 Water, oil 980 835 12 45 63 229
7 42CrMo 25 850 oil 560 Water, oil 1080 930 12 45 63 217
8 30CrNi3 25 820 oil 500 Water, oil 980 785 9 45 63 241
9 37CrNi3 25 820 oil 500 Wat町， oil 1130 980 10 50 47 269
10 20CrNiMo 25 850 oil 200 980 785 9 40 47 197
11 40CrNiMoA 25 850 oil 600 Water, oil 980 835 12 55 78 269
Notel: The permissible range ofheat 仕ea恤ent temperature is 土 15.C for quenching,
土20.C for low tempera阳re tempering and 土50.C for high temperature tempering.

Note 2: Yield can not be discovered on sample steel during tensile tes t. Ifyield point 5 s can not be measured, residual elongation stress σrO.2 can be specified.

360

88
APPENDIX L (N ormative)

General Technical Conditions of Forgings

L. l Chemical Composition of Quality Carbon Constructional Steel and Low

Alloy Structural Steel Forgings

L.1. 1 Forged part shall be sampled and analyzed according to GB/T 223
<<Chemical Analysis Method of Steel and Alloy)) .

L. 1.2 The permissible deviation of chemical composition for forgings shall meet the
specification of Table L. l.
Table L.l Permissible deviation of chemical composition for forgings %

Section area, cm2

Specified
Element
range % >650 >1300 >2600 >5200
三650 >10420
~1300 ~2600 ~5200 ~10420

三0.25 土0.03 土0.03 土0.04 土0.05 士0.05

C >0.25~0.50 土0.03 土0.04 土0.04 土0.05 土0.06 土0.06

>0.50 土0.05 土0.05 土0.06 土0.07 土0.07

<0.35 土0.02 土0.03 土0.04 土0.04 土0.05 土0.06

Si
>0.35 土0.05 土0.06 土0.06 土0.07 土0.07 土0.09

三0.90 土0.03 土0.04 土0.05 土0.06 土0.07 土0.08

Mn
>0.90 土0.06 土0.06 土0.07 士0.08 土0.08 土0.09

P 三0.050 +0.008 +0.008 +0.010 +0.010 +0.015 +0.015

::::0.030 +0.005 +0.005 +0.005 +0.005 +0.006 +0.006
S
>0.030 十0.010 +0.010 +0.010 +0.010 +0.015 +0.015
三0.90 土0.03 土0.04 土0.04 土0.05 土0.05 士0.06

Cr >0.90~2 .1 0 土0.05 土0.06 土0.06 土0.07 土0.07 土0.08

>2 .1 0~ 1O .00 土0.10 土0 .1 0 士0.10 :1: 0 .1 4 土0.15 土0.16

三1. 00 土0.03 土0.03 土0.03 土0.03 土0.03 土0.03

Ni >1.00~2.00 土0.05 土0.05 土0.05 土0.05 土0.05 ，土0.05

>2.00~5.30 土0.07 土0.07 土0.07 土0.07 土0.07 士0.07

三0.20 土0.01 土0.02 土0.02 土0.02 土0.03 土0.03

Mo >0.20~0 .40 士0.02 土0.03 土0.03 :1: 0.03 土0.04 土0.04

>0 .40~ 1.1 5 土0.03 土0.04 土0.05 土0.06 土0.07 土0.08

L.2 Mechanical Property of Quality Carbon Constructional Steel and Low

Alloy Structural Steel Forgings

L. 2.1 The longitudinal mechanical prope此y of forged part shall meet the specification of
Table L. 2

361

89
 Table L. 2 Longitudinal mechanical property of forged part
Mechanica1 property 注
Trade Heat Section size 。 s hardÌ1ess
NO 。 b (or=) Õs v Aku2 Akv
mark treament mm ( a o.z) (HB)
MPa % J
三 100 420-570 235 22 50 39

Norma1izing >100-250 390-530 215 20 48 31

1 25 126-170
+tempenng >250-500 380-520 205 18 40 31
>500-1000 380-520 205 17 35 27

三 100
- 480-670 270 19 43 27

N orma1izing >100-250 460-650 245 17 40 24

143-187
+tempenng >250-500 460-610 245 17 37 24
2 35 >500-1000 460-610 245 17 30 20

三 100 550-700 320 20 45 47 196-241

Seasoning >100-250 490-640 295 22 40 39 187-229

>250-500 490-640 275 21 163-219

:::;100 580-770 305 17 38 24

N orma1izing >100-250 560-750 275 15 35 20

163-217
+tempenng >250-500 560-720 275 15 32 20

3 45 >500-1000 560-720 275 15 30 16

:::;100 630-780 370 17 40 31 207-302

Seasoning >100-250 590-740 345 18 35 31 197-286

>250-500 590-740 325 17 187-255

norma1izing 三 100 620 315 18 45 24

207-241
+tempenng >100-300 580 295 18 43 24
4 35Mn2
三 100 745 590 16 50 47
seasonmg 229-269
>100-300 685 490 16 40 47
三 120 540 335 32 72 63
>120-250 530 315 30 68 63

Normalizing >250-400 490 275 16 35 47

5 20SiMn
+tempering >400-600 470 265 15 30 39
>600-900 450 255 14 30 39
>900-1200 440 245 14 30 39

三 100 785 510 15 45 47 229-286

>100-300 735 440 14 35 39 247-269
6 35SiMn Seasoning >300-400 685 390 13 30 36 217-255
>400-500 640 375 11 30 32 196-255
>500-800 600 345 10 28 24

362

90
Table L. 2 (continue)
Mechanical proper句r 主
。 s
Trade Heat Section size Hardness
NO Ob(Or=) Õs v A ku2 Akv
mark 位eament 红卫丑 。由)

MPa % J
:::;100 735 540 15 45 39 241~286

>100~300 690 490 14 45 31 241~286

7 40Cr Seasoning
>300~500 640 440 10 35 24 229~269

>500~800 590 345 8 30 16 217~255

<100 835 540 10 40 255~286

8 50Cr Seasoning
>100~300 785 490 10 40 241~286

三 100 735 540 15 45 47

>100~300 690 490 15 45 39
9 35CrMo Seasoning 209二269
>300~500 640 440 15 35 31
>500~800 590 390 12 30 24
三 100 900~1100 650 12 50 35
>100~160 800~950 550 13 50 35
10 42CrMo Seasoning >160~250 750~900 500 14 55 35
>250~500 690~840 460 15
>500~750 590~740 390 16
<100 1100~1300 900 10 45 35
>100~160 1000~1200 800 11 50 45
30Cr2
11 Seasoning >160~250 900~1100 700 12 50 45
Ni2Mo
>250~500 830~980 635 12
>500~1000 780~930 590 12
三 100 1000~1200 800 11 50 45
>100~160 900~1100 700 12 55 45
34Cr
12 Seasoning >160~250 800~950 600 13 55 45
NiMo
>250~500 740~890 540 14
>500~1000 690~840 490 15
三 100 900 785 14 40 54 269~319

34Cr >100~300 855 735 14 38 47 262~312

13 Seasoning
Ni2Mo >300~500 805 685 13 35 31 241~291

>500~1000 755 640 12 32 31 241~291

L.2.2 The decreased percentage of radial , lateral and tangential mechanical prope吗T of
forged part shall meet the specification ofTable L. 3.
Table L.3 Decreased percentage of radial, lateral and tangential mechanical property of forged part
Perrnissib1e decreased percentage %
Index of mechanica1 Tangential sample
property Crosswise samp1e Radial samp1e Forgedpart Forgedpart
diameter:S300mm diameter> 300mm
σ'b MPa 10 10 5 5
σs MPa 10 10 5 5
Õs % 50 35 25 30
\jI % 40 35 20 25
Ak J 50 40 25 30

363

91
APPENDIX M (informative)

Common used materials for slider

M.l Press-fit Bakelite

M. 1.1 The physical and mechanical proper句T of press-fit bakelite shall meet the specification
ofTable M. l.
Table M.l Physical and mechanical proper句 of press-fit bakelite
Bak巳lite (short stacked content plate)
No Prope即
MCS-2 MCS-2-2
3
1 Density , g/cm 主 1.3 主1.3

2 Moisture content and volatile substance, % <7 三6

3 24h water absorption, % <5 <3

4 Limit water absorption, % <20 ::;8
5 Limit expansion ratio , % <22 三 10

6 Along-grain tension ultimate strength, MPa ::::260 ;三200

7 Along-grain reduction ultimat巳 strength， MPa >160 >150

8 Static bending ultimate strength, MPa 主280 主250

9 impact strength, J/cm2 主8 二三9

10 Glue-line Limit shear strength >15 >15

11 End-surface Brinel1 hardness , MPa >2 .5 >2.0

0
M. 1.2 Before processing press-fit bakelite shall be dried in 70 C paraffin solution to reduce
the moisture content (inc1uding volatile substance) to 5% and the end flaw after drying shall
not be bigger than O.2mm.

M. 1.3 Press-fit bakelite end surface shall be pressed along grain and its shrink range shall be
1. 6%~2.0% of slot width. Press-fit bakelite and slide track slot shall contact tight1y and at

both ends the local c1 earance shall be less than 0.2 mm, depth not exceed 30.0mm and width
not exceed 20.0mm.
M. 1.4 The machined surface roughness after bakelite pressed into slot shall be Ra三6.3μm.
M.2 Reinforced (filling) Four-fluorine Plates
M.2.1 The physical and mechanical property of reinforced (filling) four-fluorine plat阳
e 旭
1s
shown in Table M .2.
Table M.2 Physical and mechanical property of reinforced (fIlling) four-fluorine plate
No Property Unit Index Remarks
3
Density g/cm l.20~ 1.5

2 Compressive strength MPa 120~180

3 Gap impact strength J/cm2 >0.7

4 Ball indentation hardness MPa 主 100 GB3398-1982
5 Permissible line pressure intensity kN/cm ::;80
6 Coefficient of linear expansion lrc 三7.0x lO. 5

7 Water absorption % ::;0.6

。C
8 Heat distortion temperature 185

364

92
M.2.2 The width value ofreinforced four-fluorine sliding block is preferably bigger than 1%
of slot width.

M.2.3 The surfaceroughness of sliding block Ra三3 .2 μm

M.3 Steel Backing Copper-plastics Composite Material

M.3.1 The physical and mechanical property of steel backing copper-plastic composite
material is shown in Table M.3.
Table M.3 Physical and mechanical property of steel backing copper-plastic composite material
Composite material
No Prope町 Unit Copper ball/ copper helice吕/
polyformaldehyde polyformaldehyde
Laminate layer thickness 自1直1 l.2~1. 5 主3.0

2 Compressive strength MPa 主250 主 160

3 Brinell har也less MPa 主300 二三 120

4 Permissible line pressure intensity kN/cm 60 80

5 Coefficient of linear expansion 1f'C 2.3x lO-5 2.3x lO-5

6 W orking tempera阳re 。C -40时十 100 -40---+ 100

M3.2 The surface layer of base steel polyformaldehyde composite material shall be even
and uniform, free of defects such as un-melted plastics , flaw , etc.

M.4 Self-Iubrication Copper Alloy Bearing Material

M.4.1 The copper alloy of common used self-lubrication bearing material shall meet the
relevant requirement of GB/T 13819 <<Copper Alloy Casting)) , and its mechanic property
shall meet the specification of Table M .4.
Table M.4 Mechanic pröperty of copper alloy
Mechanic property
Copper alloy Tensile strength 6 b Extensibility Hardness
Yield strength 6 0.2 MPa
MPa 05 % HB
Tin bronze 2:200 ;三90 >13 主60

Xantal 主630 、三250 主 16 >157

High-tensile brass ;三740 2:400 2:7 2:167

M.4.2 The copper base body shal1 be free ofinclusion, abscess , shrinkage cavity, etc. and the
surface roughness Ra三3 .2μm.

M .4 .3 The chemical composition of solid lubricant shall meet the specification of drawing,
and its surface shall be uniform in color, free of dearth, peeling and crack.

365

93
APPENDIX N (Informative)

Physical and mechanical properties of rubber sealing

N.l The physical and mechanical properties of rubber sealing shall meet the specification of
Table N. l.
Table N.l Physical and mechanical properties of sealing
lndex value
No Property II High head rubber
SF6674 SF6474 SF6574 sealing
3
1 Density g/cm l.2~1. 5 l.2~1.5 1. 2~ 1.5 l.2~1. 5

2 Rubber content % 主60 >60 >60 2:60

Tensile strength
3 主 18 >13 >14 >22
Mpa

4 Siu hardness A 60土5 60:1:5 60土5 70土5

5 Snap extensibility % ;三450 ;三450 >400 主400

Tensile modu1us of elasticity

Mpa
6
for 100% 1. 6~2.0 1. 6~2.0 1.6~2.0 2.0~4.0

for200% 1. 8~2.5 1. 8~2.5 1. 8~2 .5 2.5~5.0

Compressive modulus of
elasticity Mpa
7 for20%
5 .5~6.0 5.5~6.0 5.5~6.0 5 .5~7.5
for 30%
5.6~6.0 5.6~6.0 5.6~6.0 5.8~8.0
for40%
6.2~6.8 6 .2~6.8 6.2~6.8 6.0~9.0

Working at temperature
8 Frost cracking and rigidize will not occur.
range of -40-+40'C

N.2 The Teflon film thickness of rubber-plastics composite sealing shall be bigger
than .Omm and the bonding strength ofTeflon film and rubber material shall not be less than
10 kN/m for a sample width of25.0mm.

366

94
APPENDIX 0 (Informative)

Preparation and Property of High-Strength Gate Epoxy Gasket

0.1 Preparation of Epoxy Gasket (weight ratio)

。U
AU

唱
'EA
Epoxy resin No 6101 (host crystal)

Dibutyl ester Cplasticizer) content 99% and above 12

Multi-ethylene polyamine Ccuring AgenO 12

Cement No 42.5 12

0.2 Preparation Process

First epoxy resin No 6101 with membrane barrier is heated uniformly to 250C~30oC ， then
dibutyl ester Cplasticizer) and Multi-ethylene polyamine are added in sequence , and finally
cement is added and mixed uniformly. The slurry tempera阳re shall be controlled at
350C~400C ， otherwise its s位ength is reduced and it cannot be poured.

o. 3 Basic Physical Property

Compressive s位ength (7 -day average) 89MPa

Compressive strength (15-day average) 93~108MPa

Hardness (average) HB=61~100

Initial setting time 2h

Final se忧ing time 24h

Flowing prope吗r moderate

Shrinkage big in longitudinal direction

small in lateral direction

Specific gravi可 1.25~1.6

367

95
0.4 Supplementary Requirement
The sample (block) of high-strength epoxy gasket used for physical property test shall be
prepared by reproducing the site environment, conditions and pouring process as much as
possible.

368

96