LESSON 14: AUDIO l LESSON 15: MOTION l LESSON 16: MULTIMEDIA

AUDIO is a sound heard on a recording or broadcast. HEARING is the very act of perceiving
Sound effects, music, songs, newscasts, public service sound by ear, and can be done
announcements, speeches, and the like are all involuntarily.
examples of audio.
LISTENING requires the attention of the
The quality of an audio can be categorized into two: sound receiver. It involves the following:
lossless and lossy. Lossless format keeps the audio
quality of the original source (e.g. WAV, AIFF, FLAC, APE 1. Hearing – sound enters the
eardrums and travels to the brain
and Apple Lossless formats). Lossy compresses the file
2. Attending – the brain receives
to save space without diminishing audio quality, such the sound and chooses what to
as MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer III), AAC, WMA, and Ogg listen to
Vorbis. Format is distinguishable through file extension 3. Understanding – making sense of
names. the listened sound
4. Remembering – most important
Production of an audio requires a microphone, a stage where the sound is stored in
computer/recorder/cellphone, and a speaker. Audio one’s memory
editing is done through a specialized audio software in
a computer through console/mixer.

EXAMPLES OF AUDIO INFORMATION: music, radio newscasts, PSAs, radio commercials, dramas,
podcasts

EVALUATING AUDIO INFORMATION

1. What/who is the source of information?
2. What is the medium used?
3. What is its purpose?
4. How is the audio information made?

*The same questions apply for evaluating motion information.

Providing Clarity
1. Configure your device
Before recording, make sure that you have enough storage on your device. Remember
to disable other functions of the device (e.g. ringing, vibrating, etc)
2. Eliminate unnecessary noise in your surroundings
3. Improvise
4. Consider format

Providing Simplicity
1. Use music appropriate to content
2. Keep voice and articulation clear
3. Keep content short but informative

VIDEO is a recorded set of moving images, usually accompanied with audio. It can be a
television show, a movie, a music video, a video presentation, or a plain video record of an
event.

EXAMPLES OF VIDEO INFORMATION: movies, TV programs, music video, video clip,

commercial/infomercial, etc.

PRODUCING VIDEOS

1. Pre-production – revolves around planning; includes storyboarding, scriptwriting, casting,

etc.

a. Conceptualize the story g. Cast the actors

b. Prepare a production schedule h. Prepare the production design
c. Plan the crew i. Make a floor plan
d. Write the script j. Make a storyboard
e. Visualize the script k. Make a shooting schedule
f. Find and secure locations

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LESSON 14: AUDIO l LESSON 15: MOTION l LESSON 16: MULTIMEDIA

2. Production –the actual execution of the plans; involves shooting, filming, etc

CAMERA ANGLES
HIGH LOW EYE LEVEL
Camera is held higher than or shooting Camera is held lower than a Portrays neutrality
down a subject. subject.
Often used in corporate
Portrays the subject as weak or child-like Gives the subject a videos, news, and
powerful, aggressive, or comedies
Used to shoot wide shots dominant aura

CAMERA SHOTS
Establishing Shows the vastness of a setting
Usually shown at the beginning to introduce the setting to the viewer
Long Shows whole body of the subject
Used to establish scene or subject
Medium Shows subject from waist up
Used to focus on the subject while providing room for gestures
Most commonly used camera shot
Bust Shows subject from chest up
Provides intimate view of subject, focusing on his/her face
Tight/ close up Shows the face of the subject
Provides emotion to the scene
Extreme tight shot/ Shows a particular part of the subject (e.g. eyes, mouth, etc)
extreme close up Used to draw attention to minute details
Point of view Shot in eye level angle, aims to make the viewer feel that he/she is the
character or he/she is part of the scene

CAMERA TECHNIQUES
Zom in / Changing the focal length of a camera to make a subject appear closer or farther
Zoom out (zoom in) provides sense of magnification; (zoom out) reveals surroundings of the
subject while maintaining him/her/it in the frame
Tilt Moving the camera Moving the camera up or down while changing its vertical axis
Usually used in point of view shots
Pedestal Moving the camera up or down without changing its vertical axis
Adds suspense or surprise
Dolly Moving the camera forward (dolly in) or backward (dolly out) to make a subject
appear closer or farther
Truck Similar to dolly, only with sideward movement
Adds dimension in the scene
Shows the relationship of the subject with the objects in the surroundings

3. Post-production – sequencing, editing, adding audio, file compression, etc

•Watch all the clips that you have recorded and pick out the best clips that you will use.
•trim the clips that you have chosen. Label accoringly.
1

•move the clips into your project timeline.

2 •add transitions, effects, color tone, etc

•record the voice over (if necessay)

3 •apply the voice over to the timeline

•watch the output with other crew members. elicit opinions from them.
4 •edit output (if necessary)

•re-watch the output

•render the video. opt for losless format like WMV, MKV (to maintain original quality); lossy like
5 MPEG-4 (to save up storage)

*Foley (named after sound-effects artist Jack Foley) is the reproduction of everyday sound effects
that are added to film, video, and other media in post-production to enhance audio quality. These
reproduced sounds can be anything from the swishing of clothing and footsteps to squeaky doors
and breaking glass.

4. Video release – posting of video on television, internet, etc., public viewing

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LESSON 14: AUDIO l LESSON 15: MOTION l LESSON 16: MULTIMEDIA

Multimedia is the combination of many channels of communication which may consists of, but is not
limited to text, visual, audio, and video. A Multimedia system strives to bring out the best of human
senses in order to facilitate effective communication.

A video is a combination of visuals and audio, but it can be considered a multimedia.

CHARACTERISTICS
1. Computer-based – any form of multimedia is accessed through a computer
2. Rhetorical artifact – designed to convince, entertain, or inform
3. Multiple media – utilizes text, images, sound, and videos
4. Integrated – deliberately gathered in a multimedia to produce a work with artistic unity
5. Interactive – ability to respond to the actions and commands of a user

CLASSIFICATION
1. Linear – oftentimes called passive multimedia, for it does not require the participation of a
user in delivering information. (e.g slide shows and videos)
2. Non-linear – nonsequential type where the user needs to interact with the medium in order to
gain access to the information or control his/her experience. (e.g. computer games and
applications)

Today, multimedia is utilized for a variety of reasons. These incude:

1. Education 4. E-publishing
2. Entertainment 5. Virtual reality
3. Advertising 6. Public information

There are a lot of multimedia samples. Most of it would require a person’s information
technology skills, such as programming software applications and computer games.