University of the Philippines Baguio

College of Arts and Communication

PROCEDURES AND GUIDELINES FOR

UNDERGRADUATE THESIS WRITING

I. COURSE REQUIREMENTS

II. THESIS ADVISING

III. PARTS OF THE THESIS

IV. CITATION FORMAT

V. PRINTING AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS

VI. SUBMISSION GUIDELINES

VII. SAMPLE PAGES

Revised and approved by the CAC Faculty, 15 February 2016, effective immediately (i.e. upon issuance a memo from the Dean).
I. COURSE REQUIREMENTS

A. Only students who passed BLL 199/Comm. 199/FA 199 can take the thesis course
(BLL 200/Comm. 200/FA 200).

B. Students should pursue the thesis proposal submitted in BLL 199/Comm. 199/FA
199.1

C. To satisfy the requirements of the thesis course, students may pursue projects that
depart from the traditional thesis such as investigative reports or producing a newspaper,
magazine or newsletter, subject to the approval of the adviser. The adviser sets the
specific requirements (e.g. a theoretical preface to a creative writing thesis) for the non-
traditional thesis project.

D. Thesis students may work on a thesis individually or with a group, depending on the
nature of the research project. Only a maximum of three students are allowed to work on
a group thesis. For group research project, the students should pursue one of the approved
proposals submitted in BLL 199/Comm. 199/FA 199.

E. The thesis may be written in English or in Filipino.

II. THESIS ADVISING

A. Students choose an adviser from among the full-time and part-time faculty of the
College of Arts and Communication (CAC), based on faculty expertise.

B. Students may also choose faculty members from other colleges as advisers subject to
the approval of the Department Chair and the Dean of the CAC, and the approval of the
Department Chair and the Dean of the College where the student chose his/her adviser.
Approval is indicated in the Thesis Agreement.

C. Faculty serving as thesis advisers shall work with a limited number of students to
ensure that each advisee is given adequate time for consultation. A faculty member may
serve as adviser to not more than five (5) theses each semester. However, in exceptional
cases, a faculty may be allowed to serve as adviser to more than five (5) but not to exceed
ten (10) thesis projects.

D. The Department Chair is formally informed through the Thesis Agreement form
(attached), of the agreement between the student/s and the faculty adviser to work on a
thesis. The duly accomplished form is submitted in triplicate to the Department Chair on
the deadline set by the Department Chair.

E. Change of adviser may be allowed (1) when there are differences between adviser and
advisee that cannot be resolved in a manner acceptable to both; or (2) when the faculty
for one reason or another, could no longer continue serving as adviser. In cases like these,
the Department Chair should carefully evaluate the situation and submit the proper
recommendation to the Dean. If justified, the change of adviser could then be authorized
by the Dean, after which a new Thesis Agreement form is accomplished and submitted to
the Department Chair together with the letter with the Department Chair’s endorsement
and the Dean’s approval.

1
Changing the research topic is permitted only in exceptional circumstances. The students should also be aware of the possible
consequences of changing their research topic, e.g. preparing and writing an entirely new research proposal, and delayed
submission of the thesis.
 F. Procedure for request for change of adviser: (1) the student writes a letter, which is
noted by the adviser, to the Dean of CAC through the Department Chair requesting to
change adviser and stating the specific reasons for this request; or (2) the faculty writes a
letter, copy furnished the student/s, to the Dean of CAC through the Department Chair
requesting to be relieved of thesis advising duties with the specific student/s and stating
the specific reasons for this request. The student/s then submits a new Thesis Agreement
form.

III. PARTS OF THE THESIS

A. For BALL/BA Comm./BFA students, your thesis may follow this order:

Title Page
Approval Sheet
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations/Figures/Graphs
Chapter I. Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Objectives of the Study
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitations
Chapter II. Research Framework
Review of Related Literature
Framework for the Analysis2
Chapter III. Methodology/Research Design
Research Design and Methods
Data Gathering/Data Generation and Construction
Data Analysis
Research Instruments
Chapter IV. Results and Discussion
Chapter V. Conclusions and Recommendations
Reference List
Appendix/Appendices3

B. For production theses4 (creative work, i.e. visual, performance, media), the following
are the standard parts of the thesis but deviations may be made according to the nature of
the research project.

Title Page
Approval Sheet
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations/Figures/Graphs
Chapter I. Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem

2
Some studies require a clear delineation of the theoretical, conceptual and operational levels.
3
As needed
4
Note on FA Production Theses: As the approaches to visual problems vary, distinct formats may be used depending on medium
of choice. Problems may be classified into seven separate clusters: (1) Editorial Design;
(2) Advertising Design; (3) Product Design; (4) Film or Animation; (5) Photography; (6) Material Exploration and (7)
Techniques exploration. Parts of the thesis will vary depending on the type of production thesis.
 Objectives of the Study
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitations
Chapter II. Production Concept
Chapter III. Review of Related Literature
Chapter IV. Research Framework
Chapter V. Methods and Procedures
Pre-production
Production
Post-production
Production Schedule
Budget
Chapter VI. The Script
Chapter VII. The Storyboard/Production Notes/Designs
Reference List
Appendix/Appendices
Thesis Proposal
Documentation materials: posters, tickets, program papers, photos, video

C. Take note of the following in writing down the details/contents of each part.

1. Title Page
 An explanatory title that is stated concisely

2. Approval Sheet
 Certification of acceptance of thesis

3. Abstract
 Summary of study with approximately 250 words
 Include the purpose, framework, methodology and findings.

4. Table of Contents
 List of titles and subtitles
 Include first page numbers only.

5. List of Tables
 List of table number, title and page number
 Include first page numbers only.

6. List of Illustrations/Figures/Graphs
 List of illustration/figure/graph number, title and page number
 Include first page numbers only.

7. Chapter I. Introduction
 State what your study is about and the specific problem it wants to answer.
 Explain why it is needed and why it is important.
 Include also its parameters.

8. Chapter II. Research Framework

 Describe and review previous research and information on topic.
 Identify the theories from previous studies related to your research.
 State which concepts are similar to those in your study.
 Note the questions or gaps that need to be filled.
 Discuss the theory/theories that serves/serve as a guide in the analysis of
the concepts you are studying. Integrate this/these in the concept of your
research.
 9. Chapter III. Methodology/Research Design5
 Describe the concept/variables that you studied.
 Describe the specific methods you used to analyze these; state the reasons
for your choice of these methods.
 Describe how you chose the sample; state the reasons for the choice of
your sample.
 Describe the method of data collection (what research instruments you
used and why).
 Describe how you put together the data you collected and how you
analyzed and interpreted these.

10. Chapter IV. Results and Discussion

 Explain results of data in paragraph form, and if appropriate, show results
in table form.
 Discuss your findings in relation to the research questions/objectives.
 Provide a probable explanation to all these findings.

11. Chapter V. Conclusions and Recommendations

 Write a brief overview of the study and list your conclusions.
 Discuss your study’s contribution to the body of research.
 Answer whether your study useful, and why. State to whom it is useful.
 State the other areas related to your study that other researchers may want
to explore.

12. Reference List

 List only the sources cited in the thesis.

13. Appendix/Appendices6
 You may include documentation materials, posters, tickets, program
papers, photos, videos, survey questionnaires, focus group discusion
questions and key informant interview questions.

IV. CITATION FORMAT

A. A citation is a formal acknowledgement of the ideas and work of other people that
contributed to the writing of your own research. You must properly document all of your
published and unpublished sources.

B. Use the 16th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style in citing your sources. You may
refer to The Chicago Manual of Style Online
(http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html).

C. You may also check out automatic citation generators for basic sources. Some of these
sites are: Son of Citation Machine (http://www.citationmachine.net/); Noodle Tools
Express (www.noodletools.com); and BibMe (www.bibme.org).

V. PRINTING AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS

A. Paper
 The thesis should be printed on quality 8.5 x 11-inch paper, substance 20.

5
When doing your proposal, write this chapter in the future tense. When writing the thesis, use the past tense.
6
As needed
 B. Margins
 Set document margins at: Top, Right and Bottom – 1 inch; Left – 1.5 inches

C. Font
 Use Times New Roman, 12 points.

D. Pagination
 Pages are numbered on the upper right corner.
 The preliminary matter of your thesis should be numbered in lowercase Roman
numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, v).
 The page number (i) should not appear in the Title Page, but it is counted in the
page numbering of your thesis.
 The page number (ii) should not appear in the Approval Sheet, but is counted in
the page numbering of your thesis.
 The page number (iii) should not appear in the Abstract, but is counted in the page
numbering of your thesis.

E. Spacing
 The body of the text should be double-spaced.
 The following are single-spaced: footnotes, subheads, block quotes, reference list,
table of contents, list of tables. Leave a blank line between entries.

F. Alignment
 Flush left to create a ragged right margin.

G. Indentation
 Indent paragraphs a half-inch (5 spaces from the left margin).
 Indent block quotes one inch (10 spaces from the left margin).

H. Headings
 For your headings, follow the format below:

Level of Format Sample Heading

Heading

Level 1 Centered, Bold, Title Case Chapter II. Research Framework

Level 2 Centered, Plain, Title Case Review of Related Literature

Level 3 Flush Left, Bold, Title Case The History of the Selfie

Level 4 Flush Left, Italic, Title Case The Emergence of the Selfie

Level 5 Run-in at the start of the
paragraph, Italic, Sentence
Case, terminal period.
Early selfies. We assume that new technology
allowed us to create the selfie. Did we really
invent the selfie? Old photographs and paintings
will show that the selfie existed even before we
had digital cameras and the Instagram.
 I. Tables and Figures
 Position tables and figures after the paragraph in which they are described.
 Tables and figures should have a number and a short and descriptive title above
them; make sure that all tables and figures are numbered separately.
 For specific formats of placement and alignment of labels, and required notes
(e.g. citation) for tables and figures, follow CMS 16th ed.

Table example:

Table 1: Presidents and First Ladies of the United States of America from 1829-1945
Year President First Lady
1829-1837 Andrew Jackson Rachel Donelson Jackson
1837-1841 Martin Van Buren Hannah Hoes Van Buren
1841 William Henry Harrison Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison
1841-1845 John Tyler Letitia Christian Tyler, Julia
Gardiner Tyler
Source: “Our First Ladies,” Whitehouse.gov. Accesses April 3, 2013.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/first-ladies.

J. Reference List
 Type out “Reference List” on a new page.
 Center “Reference List” on the first line of the page.
 Start your first entry two spaces below “Reference List.”
 Alphabetize all sources by the last name of the author.
 Alphabetize anonymous sources by title. Ignore the A, An, and The, but do not
delete these.
 The first line of each entry should be flushed left at the margin. The succeeding
lines of the same entry should be indented half inch (5 spaces).
 All entries should be single-spaced, with a blank line between entries.

K. Binding Specifications (Refer to Sample Cover and Sample Spine)

 The thesis must be bound in maroon hardcover with gold lettering, Times New
Roman, 14 points, ALL CAPS.
 Spacing: single-spaced
 Alignment: Center
 Name, Cover format: Full name, Middle name, Surname
 Month: December (for the 1st Semester); May (for the 2nd Semester); July
(for the Summer term)
 The spine should contain the surname and initials of the researcher/s (format:
Surname, First name initials, Middle name initials), title of thesis, degree and year
of submission of thesis.
 Make adjustments in spacing if there are multiple authors.
 If Compact Disc (CD) or DVDis included with the thesis, it must be placed in a
proper CD holder bound to the inside of the hardcover back page of the thesis.

L. Title Page (Refer to Sample Title Page)

 Do not number the title page but count it in the numbering of your thesis.
 Use Times New Roman, 12 points for your Title Page.
 Type out the first line of your thesis title six (6) single spaces from the first line.
Your title should be between seven (7) to 15 words long. It should be centered
and in CAPS.
 If your title fits in more than one line, break it to fit two or three lines. These lines
should be single-spaced.
  Type out your name 12 single spaces from the last line of your thesis title. Your
name should be centered and in CAPS. Make adjustments in spacing if there are
multiple authors.
 Twelve (12) single spaces from your name, type out the following:

Submitted to the
Department of [Name of Department]
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND COMMUNICATION
University of the Philippines Baguio
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN [PROGRAM]

 Ten (10) single spaces from your degree, type out the month and year of
submission.

M. Approval Sheet (Refer to Sample Approval Sheet)

 Type out the title of your thesis four (4) single spaces from the first line of the
page. Your title should be centered and in CAPS.
 Type out the word “by” six (6) spaces from the last line of your thesis title. The
word “by” should be centered, in lowercase.
 Leave a single blank line between the word “by” and your name. Your name
should be centered and in CAPS. For multiple authors, do not leave any space
between names.
 Type out the the following six (6) single spaces after your name:

has been accepted for

the degree of [Program]

 Leave four (4) singles spaces before typing out the following:

[Title, Name, Rank]

Adviser

 Leave another four (4) single spaces before typing out the following:

[Title, Name, Rank]

Adviser

 Leave another four (4) single spaces before typing out the following:

and approved for the College of Arts and Communication

University of the Philippines Baguio
  Leave three (3) singles spaces, and type out the word “by.” This should be
centered.
 Leave four (4) singles spaces and type out the following:

[Title, Name, Rank]

Dean, College of Arts and Communication

 Make adjustments in spacing for multiple authors.

N. Abstract (Refer to Sample Abstract)

 The abstract is a one-paragraph summary of the important elements of your thesis.
Your abstract should be composed of 250 words or less. It should state your
problem, your framework, your methodology and your findings.
 Type out the word “ABSTRACT” on the first line of the page. It should be
centered and in CAPS.
 Two (2) single spaces below, type out the citation of your thesis as it were to
appear in the reference list.
 Type out the summary of your thesis four (4) singles spaces below the citation.
The body of the abstract should be double-spaced. The paragraph should be
indented.

VI. SUBMISSION GUIDELINES

A. Submit three (3) hardbound copies and two (2) digital copies7 of the approved thesis to
the Department, through the adviser. The student keeps one bound copy; the other copies go to
the College and the University Library.

B. Submit the bound copies on the deadline set by the Department Head.8

7
The digital copy of your thesis should be in PDF format on a CD/DVD disk, and has to be an exact equivalent of the print
version. For the CD/DVD case cover, print the cover details of your thesis on a white sheet of paper.
8
One (1) week before the deadline for graduating students to clear their deficiencies.
 SAMPLE SPINE

ILOCANO CULTURAL-LEXICAL ITEMS

IN ILOCANO DICTIONARIES WITH THEIR CULTURAL INFORMATION

Spacing: approximately 3 inches

FRED REINER CAMIT NAGTALON

Spacing: approximately 3.5 inches

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND THE ARTS

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND COMMUNICATION
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES BAGUIO

The month and year should be 2 inches from the bottom of the cover.

DECEMBER 2013
 SAMPLE SPINE

2 inches 1.5 inches

wide wide

5.5 inches wide 2 inches wide

ILOCANO CULTURAL-LEXICAL B.A.

NAGTALON, ITEMS IN ILOCANO DICTIONARIES LANGUAGE AND DECEMBER
F.R.G. WITH THEIR CULTURAL LITERATURE 2013
INFORMATION

gold lines with a weight of 3 points

gold lines with a weight of 3 points

SAMPLE TITLE PAGE

Spacing: 6 single spaces from

the first line

ILOCANO CULTURAL-LEXICAL ITEMS

IN ILOCANO DICTIONARIES WITH THEIR CULTURAL INFORMATION

Spacing: 12 single spaces

FRED RAINIER CAMIT NAGTALON

Spacing: 12 single spaces

Submitted to the
Department of Language, Literature and the Arts
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND COMMUNICATION
University of the Philippines Baguio
In partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

Spacing: 10 single spaces

December 2013
SAMPLE APPROVAL SHEET

Spacing: 4 single spaces from the first line

ILOCANO CULTURAL-LEXICAL ITEMS

IN ILOCANO DICTIONARIES WITH THEIR CULTURAL INFORMATION

Spacing: 6 single spaces

by

FRED RAINIER CAMIT NAGTALON

Spacing: 6 single spaces

has been accepted for

the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Language and Literature

Spacing: 4 single spaces

Elizabeth A. Calinawagan, Ph.D.

Adviser
Spacing: 4 single spaces

Junley L. Lazaga
Chair, Department of Language, Literature and the Arts

Spacing: 4 single spaces

and approved for the College of Arts and Communication

University of the Philippines Baguio

Spacing: 3
single spaces

by

Spacing: 4 single spaces

Anna Christie V. Torres, Ph.D.

Dean, College of Arts and Communication
 SAMPLE ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Domingo, Heinrich Joyce, Kristine Valen de Velez, and Lei Landicho. 2013. “Recording Igorot-
ness Through Igorot –made Music Videos.” Bachelor’s thesis, University of the
Philippines Baguio.

Our research looks at music videos produced in the Cordillera and the way these define

Igorot-ness. We studied 102 songs from ten (10) albums produced over a period of eight (8)

years. In analyzing these music videos, we looked at the themes of the songs, the visuals that

accompany the lyrics, and the artifacts that communicate Igorot-ness. Aside from providing a

background on the Igorot music video industry, we also defined the concept of Igorot-ness from

the perspective of the producers of the music videos. We used Homi K. Bhaba’s postcolonial

concept of the three spaces to guide us in analyzing the subject of our study. Our findings show

the American influence present in music videos produced in the Cordillera. More important, they

show that the Igorots have appropriated elements of the American culture in their negotiation of

their own identiy. The state of Igorot-ness, as reflected in the music videos, is confirmation that

identities are fluid and always negotiated.

 SAMPLE TABLE OF CONTENTS

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
Title Page ......................................................................................................................... i
Approval Sheet ................................................................................................................ ii
Abstract ........................................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ iv
List of Tables .................................................................................................................. vi
List of Figures ................................................................................................................. vii

CHAPTER

I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
Background of the Study ........................................................................ 1
Statement of the Problem ........................................................................ 6
Objectives of the Study ........................................................................... 7
Significance of the Study........................................................................ 7
Scope and Delimitation ........................................................................... 9

II. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK ........................................................................ 11

Review of Related Literature .................................................................. 11
Language and Culture ................................................................ 11
Dictionaries and Cultural Dictionaries ....................................... 19
Theoretical Framework ........................................................................... 26
Conceptual Framework ........................................................................... 27
Language and Culture ................................................................. 27
Dictionaries and Culture ............................................................. 29
Operational Framework............................................................................ 31
Definition of Terms ................................................................................. 33

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................. 36

Sources of Data ...................................................................................... 36
Data Collection ...................................................................................... 37
Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 40

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................... 43

Cultural and Lexical Items in Agcaoili
and Gelade’s Dictionary with Cultural Notes........................................... 43
 v

Pregnancy and Childbirth ............................................................ 46

Death and Mourning .................................................................... 45
Ilocano Culture Based on Lexical Items ...................................... 59
Portrayal of the Cultural-Lexical Items in Dictionaries............................ 62
Cultural Dictionary ................................................................................... 66
Aa ................................................................................................. 66
Bb ................................................................................................. 86
Dd ................................................................................................. 112
Gg ................................................................................................. 120
Ii ................................................................................................... 124
Kk ................................................................................................. 128
Ll .................................................................................................. 138
Mm ............................................................................................... 142
Nn/NGng ...................................................................................... 146
Oo/Uu ........................................................................................... 148
Pp .................................................................................................. 153
Rr .................................................................................................. 165
Ss .................................................................................................. 169
Tt .................................................................................................. 180
Ww ............................................................................................... 188

IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..................... 191

Summary ................................................................................................... 191
Conclusions ................................................................................................ 192
Recommendations ...................................................................................... 194

REFERENCE LIST ............................................................................................................ 196

 SAMPLE LIST OF TABLES

vi

LIST OF TABLES

NO. PAGE

1 Demographic Profile of Ritual Leaders ................................................................ 37

2 Cultural Dictionary ............................................................................................... 66
 SAMPLE LIST OF FIGURES

vii

LIST OF FIGURES

NO. PAGE

1 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................... 30
2 Operational Framework ......................................................................................... 32
3 Arutang being burned for the gulgol ..................................................................... 80
4 Atang ..................................................................................................................... 83
5 Atong ..................................................................................................................... 84
6 Grilled pork, liver and chicken drumstic for atang ................................................ 87
7 Baduya ................................................................................................................... 88
8 Balasbas ................................................................................................................. 91
9 Balisungsong .......................................................................................................... 92
10 The balo a baket preparing the balon of the deceased ............................................ 94
 SAMPLE REFERENCE LIST

Reference List

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Casanova, Arthur P., Rolando C. Esteban, and Ivie C. Esteban. 2011. Mga Kuwentong-bayan ng
Katimugang Pilipinas. Mandaluyong, Philippines: Anvil Publishing Inc.

Constantino, Ernesto A. 1996. “Mga Lingguwistik na Ilusyon sa Pilipinas.” In Mga Piling Diskurso sa
Wika at Lipunan, edited by Pamela C. Constantino, and Monico Atienza, 179-186.Quezon City:
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de los Reyes, Isabelo. 2014. History of Ilocos, Volumes I and II. Translated by Maria Elinora Peralta-
Imson. Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Press, 2014.

Ellridge, Arthur. 1998. Gauguin and the Nabis: Prophets of Modernism. Paris: Terrail.

Guillermo, Alice G., Ramon G. Guillermo, Caroline S. Hau, Armando Malay Jr., Aida F. Santos, Joseph
Scalice, Eduardo C. Tadem, and Kathleen Weekley. 2010. Marxism in the Philippines:
Continuing Engagements. Mandaluyong, Philippines: Anvil Publishing Inc.

Hoff, Erika. 2009. Language Development. 4th ed. California: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Adobe
PDF eBook.

In the Land of the Headhunters: Being an Account of a Accouner Holiday in Baguio, 1924. 1991.Manila:
Fullmoon Publishing.

Jarell, Randall. 2010. Pictures from an Institution: A Comedy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Pyenson, Lewis, and Susan Sheets-Pyenson. 1999. Servants of Nature: A History of Scientific Institutions,
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Tolentino, Delfin Jr., ed. 2009. Fragments of a City’s History: A Documentary History of Baguio. Baguio
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Turabian, Kate L. 1996. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. 6th ed.
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U.S. Embassy Manila Public Affairs Section. 2001. To the Islands Far Away: The Story of the Thomasites
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Walsh, Bryan. 2014. “Don’t Blame Fat.” Time, June 23.