NAPOLCOM Entrance Exam Reviewer

PNP LAW

RA. 6975

Section 1. Title of the Act. – This Act shall be known as the "Department of the Interior and
Local Government Act of 1990."

DILG

Section 6. Organization. – The Department shall consist of the Department Proper, the existing
bureaus and offices of the Department of Local Government, the National Police Commission,
the Philippine Public Safety College, and the following bureaus: the Philippine National Police,
the Bureau of Fire Protection, and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.

NAPOLCOM

Section 14. Powers and Functions of the Commission. – The Commission shall exercise the
following powers and functions:

(a) Exercise administrative control over the Philippine National Police;

Section 16. Term of Office. – The four (4) regular and full-time Commissioners shall be
appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Secretary. Of the first four (4)
commissioners to be appointed, two (2) commissioners shall serve for six (6) years and the two
(2) other commissioners for four (4) years. All subsequent appointments shall be for a period of
six (6) years each, without reappointment or extension.

PNPO

Section 23. Composition. – Subject to the limitations provided for in this Act, the Philippine
National Police, hereinafter referred to as the PNP, is hereby established, initially consisting of
the members of the police forces who were integrated into the Integrated National Police (INP)
pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 765, and the officers and enlisted personnel of the Philippine
Constabulary (PC). For purposes of this Act, the officers and enlisted personnel of the PC shall
include those assigned with the Narcotics Command (NARCOM) or the Criminal Investigation
Service (CIS); and those of the technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC and the
civilian operatives of the CIS. The regular operatives of the abolished NAPOLCOM Inspection,
Investigation and Intelligence Branch may also be absorbed by the PNP. In addition, a PC officer
or enlisted personnel may transfer to any of the branches or services of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines in accordance with the provisions of Section 85 of this Act.

In order to be qualified for transfer to the PNP units in Metropolitan Manila and in highly
urbanized cities, an individual must have completed not less than second year collegiate work or
its equivalent in training of seventy-two (72) collegiate units.

Anyone who has any pending administrative or criminal case or has been adjudged liable or
convicted of any crime pending appeal shall be allowed to join the PNP provisionally without
prejudice to final judgment by a body of competent jurisdiction.

The permanent civilian employees of the present PC, INP, Narcotics Command, CIS, and the
technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC, including NAPOLCOM hearing officers
holding regular items as such, shall be absorbed by the Department as employees thereof, subject
to existing laws and regulations.

Section 24. Powers and Functions. – The PNP shall have the following powers and functions:

(a) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;

(b) Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
(c) Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders to
justice and assist in their prosecution;

(d) Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with the
Constitution and pertinent laws;

(e) Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law, informing the
person so detained of all his rights under the Constitution;

(f) Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with law;

(g) Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and issue licenses to
operate security agencies, and to security guards and private detectives, for the practice of their
professions; and

(h) Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as may be provided by law.

In addition, the PNP shall absorb the office of the National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking
(NACAH) of the Department of National Defense, all the functions of the present Philippine Air
Force Security Command (PAFSECOM), as well as the police functions of the Coast Guard. In
order to perform its powers and functions efficiently and effectively, the PNP shall be provided
with adequate land, sea, and air capabilities and all necessary material means of resources.

Section 25. Organization. – The PNP shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two
(2) deputy chief, one (1) for operations and one (1) for administration, both of whom shall be
appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Commission from among the most
senior and qualified officers in the service: Provided, however, That in no case shall any officer
who has retired or is retirable within six (6) months from his compulsory retirement age be
appointed as Chief of the PNP. The PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional offices,
provincial offices, district offices, city or municipal stations.

At the national level, the PNP shall maintain its office in Metropolitan Manila which shall house
the directorial staff, service staff and special support units.

At the regional level, the PNP shall have regional offices, including that of the National Capital
Region, which may be divided into two (2) separate regions without prejudice to the pertinent
provisions of the Organic Act for the Autonomous Regions of the Cordilleras and Muslim
Mindanao relative to the creation of a regional police force in the area of autonomy. Each of
these regional offices shall be headed by a regional director for peace and order.

At the provincial level, there shall be a PNP office, each headed by a provincial director. In the
case of large provinces, police districts may be established by the Commission to be headed by a
district director.

At the city or municipal level, there shall be a PNP station, each headed by a chief of police.

The Chief of the PNP shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act and in
accordance with the broad guidelines set forth herein, recommend the organizational structure
and staffing pattern of the PNP to the Commission.

Section 26. Powers, Functions and term of Office of the PNP Chief . – The command and
direction of the PNP shall be vested in the Chief of the PNP who shall have the power to direct
and control tactical as well as strategic movements, deployment, placement, utilization of the
PNP or any of its units and personnel, including its equipment, facilities and other resources.
Such command and direction of the Chief of the PNP may be delegated to subordinate officials
with the respect to the units under their respective commands, in accordance with the rules and
regulation prescribed by the Commission. The Chief of the PNP shall also have the power to
issue detailed implementing policies and instructions regarding personnel, funds, properties,
records, correspondence and such other matters as may be necessary to effectivity carry out the
functions, powers and duties of the Bureau. The Chief of the PNP shall be appointed by the
President from among the senior officers down to the rank of chief superintendent, subject to
confirmation by the Commission on Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of the PNP shall
serve a term of office not to exceed four (4) years: Provided, further, That in times of war or
other national emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend such term of office.
Section 27. Manning Levels. – On the average nationwide, the manning levels of the PNP shall
be approximately in accordance with a police-to-population ratio of one (1) policeman for every
five hundred (500) persons. The actual strength by cities and municipalities shall depend on the
state of peace and order, population density and actual demands of the service in the particular
area: Provided, That the minimum police-to-population ratio shall not be less than one (1)
policeman for every one thousand (1,000) persons: Provided, further, That urban areas shall have
a higher minimum police-to-population ratio as may be prescribed by regulations.

Section 28. Rank Classification. – For purposes of efficient administration, supervision and
control, the rank classification of the members of the PNP shall be as follows:

Commissioned Officer

1- Director General

3- Deputy Director General

11- Director

48- Chief Superintendent

Senior Superintendent

Superintendent

Chief Inspector

Senior Inspector

Inspector

Non Commissioned Officer

Senior Police Officer IV

Senior Police Officer III

Senior Police Officer II

Senior Police Officer I

Police Officer III

Police Officer II

Police Officer I

Section 29. Key Positions. – The head of the PNP with the rank director general shall have the
position title of Chief of the PNP. The second in command of the PNP with the rank of deputy
director general shall be the Deputy Chief of the PNP for Administration. The third in command
with the rank also of deputy director general shall be the Deputy Chief of the PNP for
Operations.

At the national office, the head of the directorial staff with the rank of deputy director general
shall be known as Chief of the Directorial Staff of the PNP.
The heads of the various staff divisions in the directorial staff shall have the rank of director with
the position title of Director of the Directorial Staff of their respective functional divisions. The
head of the Inspectorate Division with the rank of chief superintendent shall assume the position
title of Inspector General. The heads of the administrative and operational support divisions shall
have the rank of chief superintendent.

The head of the NCR with the rank of director shall assume the position title of NCR Director.

The heads of the regional offices with the rank of chief superintendent shall assume the position
title of Regional Director.

The heads of the NCR district offices with the rank of chief superintendent shall have the
position title of District Director.

The heads of provincial offices with the rank of senior superintendent shall be known as
Provincial Director.

The heads of the district offices with the rank of superintendent shall have the position title of
District Director.

The heads of the municipality or city offices with the rank of chief inspector shall be known as
Chief of Police.

Section 30. General Qualifications for Appointment. – No person shall be appointed as officer
or member of the PNP unless he possesses the following minimum qualifications:

(a) A citizen of the Philippines;

(b) A person of good moral conduct;

(c) Of sound mind and body;

(d) Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree for appointment as officer and must have
finished at least second year college or the equivalent of seventy-two (72) collegiate units for
appointment as non-officer or an equivalent training or experience for those already in the
service upon the effectivity of this Act.

(e) Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;

(f) Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed for
cause from any civilian position in the Government;

(g) Must not have been convicted be final judgment of an offense or crime involving moral
turpitude;

(h) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m.) in height for male and one
meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 m.) for female;

(i) Must weight not more or less than five kilograms (5 kg.) of the standard weight corresponding
to his or her height, age, and sex; and

(j) For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of
age.

Section 31. Appointment of PNP Officers and Members. – The appointment of the officers and
members of the PNP shall be effected in the following manner:

(a) Police Officer I to Senior Police Officer IV . – Appointed by the PNP regional director for
regional personnel or by the Chief of the PNP for the national headquarters personnel and
attested by the Civil Service Commission.

(b) Inspector to Superintendent. – Appointed by the Chief of the PNP, as recommended by their
immediate superiors, attested by the Civil Service Commission;
(c) Senior Superintendent to Deputy Director General. – Appointed by the President upon
recommendation of the chief of the PNP, with proper endorsement by the Chairman of the Civil
Service Commission and subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments; and

(d) Director General. – Appointed by the President from among the senior officers down to the
rank of chief superintendent in the service, subject to confirmation by the Commission on
Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of the PNP shall serve a tour of duty not to exceed four
(4) years: Provided, further, That, in times of war or other national emergency declared by
Congress, the President may extend such tour of duty.

Section 32. Examinations for Policemen. – The Civil Service Commission shall administer the
qualifying entrance examinations for policemen on the basis of the standards set by the
NAPOLCOM.

Section 33. Lateral Entry of Officers into the PNP. – In general, all original appointments of
commissioned officers in the PNP shall commence with the rank of inspector, to include all those
with highly technical qualifications applying for the PNP technical services, such as dentist,
optometrists, nurses, engineers, and graduates of forensic sciences. Doctors of medicine,
members of the Bar, and chaplains shall be appointed to the rank of senior inspector in their
particular technical service. Graduates of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) shall
be automatically appointed to the initial rank of inspector. Licensed criminologists may be
appointed to the rank of inspector to fill up any vacancy after promotions from the ranks are
completed.

Section 36. Status of Members of the Philippine National Police. – The members of the PNP
shall be considered employees of the National Government and shall draw their salaries
therefrom: Provided, That PNP members assigned in Metropolitan Manila, chartered cities and
first class municipalities may be paid in additional monthly allowance by the local government
unit concerned.

PNP Seal and Badge

PNP Seal Meaning and Symbolism

Lapu-Lapu Hero - The great Filipino hero of Mactan, the prototype of the best and most noble
in Filipino manhood who is the symbol and embodiment of all the genuine attributes of
leadership, courage, nationalism, self-reliance and a people-based and people powered
community defense. The benevolent and heroic warrior who derived added strength from a
cohesive, determined and loyal people is today a fitting symbol and a prototype as well of people
power to preserve our values, customs, traditions, way of life and the rule of law thru a solidly
community-based police system. Lapu-Lapu also personifies for us today civilian constitutional
authority.

Laurel - Green Laurel with 14 leaves, symbolizes the 14 Regional Commands. It is also a
symbol of the honor, dignity and the privilege of being a member of a noble organization where
the call to public service is par excellence a commitment to public trust.

Shield - The symbol of the Philippine Constabulary, the first National Police by virtue of
Organic Act No. 175, enacted by the Philippine Commission on 18 July 1901. The Philippine
Constabulary for the close to 90 years of service to the nation has performed with honor,
professionalism and courage. The PC has carved out a large part of the glorious pages of
Philippine history, as attested by its proudly and deservedly garnering 86 of the 92 "Medals of
Valor" the highest honor that a grateful Filipino nation can bestow on its gallant sons in the
service of the Republic. Most appropriately therefore, the Philippine Constabulary became the
nucleus of the Integrated National Police in 1975 to nurture the then embryonic concept of the
nationalization of the country's local police forces.

Three Stars - Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao and the 1,700 islands and the territorial integrity
wherein the National Police must enforce the law and maintain peace and order with
professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping with the highest ideals and traditions of service
to our country and people.
Service • Honor • Justice - Added distinct ideals for the officers, men and women of the PNP to
insure efficiency, integrity, cohesiveness, camaraderie and equanimity to enhance community
acceptance and support to attain its mission of peace keeping and law enforcement.

Sun - Symbolize the flowering, maturing and ultimate realization of the glorious evolution of the
PC/INP into a National Police Organization - "national in scope and civilian in character" - as
enshrined in the 1986 Constitution. The Traditional light rays which represents the fightingest
provinces whose ideals of courage and patriotism the members of the National Police must
possess.

PNP Badge Meaning and Symbolism

Philippine Monkey Eating Eagle The National Bird – symbol of swiftness and ferocity,
power, courage and immortality.

PNP Shield - Symbol of protection of all citizens.

Three Stars - Stands for Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao which constitute the Republic's
Territorial Integrity over which the PNP must enforce the law and maintain peace and order with
professionalism, zeal and dedication in keeping with the highest ideals and traditions of service
to God, Country and People.

Eight Sun Rays - Represents the eight (8) provinces whose ideals of courage, gallantry
patriotism led to their revolt against Spain.

Lapu – Lapu - Symbolizes the bravery of the Philippine National Police.

Service, Honor, Justice - Service is the vibrant and cogent deeds and actions in response to the
needs and wants of the people in distress: Honor could be the overriding criterion and
consideration in the performance of their entrusted task or mission: and Justice dispensed to
everyone whatever is due to him without favoritism or discrimination of any sort.

Laurel Leaves - Symbolizes the competency, brilliance and honor in the field of endeavor
expected from each and every member of the PNP.

Philippine National Police - Identity of Solidarity.

PPSC

Section 66. Creation of the Philippine Public Safety College. – There is hereby created the
Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC), which shall be the premier educational institution for
the training, human resource development and continuing education of all personnel of the PNP,
Fire and Jail Bureaus.

Said College shall be under the direct supervision of a Board of Trustees composed of the
Secretary and the three (3) bureau heads.

Section 67. Composition, Powers and Functions. – The College shall consist of the present
Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) established pursuant to Section 13 of Presidential
Decree No. 1184, the Fire Service Training Center, the Philippine National Training Center
(PNTC), the National Police College, and other special training centers as may be created by the
Department, whose functions shall be as follows:

(a) Formulate and implement training programs for the personnel of the Department;

(b) Establish and maintain adequate physical training facilities;

(c) Develop and implement research and development to support educational training programs;

(d) Conduct an assessment of the training needs of all its clientele; and

(e) Perform such other related functions as may be prescribed by the Secretary.
Section 68. Organization. – The structure and staffing pattern of the College shall be prescribed
by the Secretary.

8551

Section 1. Title. – This Act shall be known as the "Philippine National Police Reform and
Reorganization Act of 1998".

THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

A. REORGANIZATION

Section 13. Authority of the Commission to Reorganize the PNP. – Notwithstanding the
provisions of Republic Act No. 6975 on the organizational structure and rank classification of
the PNP, the Commission shall conduct a management audit, and prepare and submit to
Congress a proposed reorganization plan of the PNP not later than December 31, 1998, subject to
the limitations provided under this Act and based on the following criteria: a) increased police
visibility through dispersal of personnel from the headquarters to the field offices and by the
appointment and assignment of non-uniformed personnel to positions which are purely
administrative, technical, clerical or menial in nature and other positions which are not actually
and directly related to police operation; and b) efficient and optimized delivery of police services
to the communities.

The PNP reorganization program shall be approved by Congress through a joint resolution.

B. QUALIFICATIONS UPGRADING

Section 14. Section 30 of Republic Act No. 6975 is hereby amended to read as follows:

"SEC. 30. General Qualifications for Appointment. – No person shall be appointed as officer or
member of the PNP unless he or she possesses the following minimum qualifications:

"a) A citizen of the Philippines;

"b) A person of good moral conduct;

"c) Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to be administered
by the PNP or by any NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the purpose of
determining physical and mental health;

"d) Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of learning;

"e) Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;

"f) Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed for
cause from any civilian position in the Government;

"g) Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving moral
turpitude;

"h) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m.) in height for male and one
meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 m.) for female;

"i) Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5 kgs.) from the standard weight
corresponding to his or her height, age, and sex; and

"j) For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of
age: except for the last qualification, the above-enumerated qualifications shall be continuing in
character and an absence of any one of them at any given time shall be a ground for separation or
retirement from the service: Provided, That PNP members who are already in the service upon
the effectivity of this Act shall be given at least two (2) more years to obtain the minimum
educational qualification and one (1) year to satisfy the weight requirement.

"For the purpose of determining compliance with the requirements on physical and mental
health, as well as the non-use of prohibited drugs, the PNP by itself or through a NAPOLCOM
accredited government hospital shall conduct regular psychiatric, psychological drug and
physical tests randomly and without notice.

"After the lapse of the time period for the satisfaction of a specific requirement, current members
of the PNP who will fail to satisfy any of the requirements enumerated under this Section shall
be separated from the service if they are below fifty (50) years of age and have served in
Government for less than twenty (20) years or retired if they are from the age of fifty (50) and
above and have served the Government for at least twenty (20) years without prejudice in either
case to the payment of benefits they may be entitled to under existing laws."

Section 15. Waivers for Initial Appointments to the PNP. – The age, height, weight, and
educational requirements for initial appointment to the PNP may be waived only when the
number of qualified applicants fall below the minimum annual quota: Provided, That an
applicant shall not be below twenty (20) nor over thirty-five (35) years of age: Provided, further,
That any applicant not meeting the weight requirement shall be given reasonable time but not
exceeding six (6) months within which to comply with the said requirement: Provided,
furthermore, That only applicants who have finished second year college or have earned at least
seventy-two (72) collegiate units leading to a bachelor's decree shall be eligible for appointment:
Provided, furthermore, That anybody who will enter the service without a baccalaureate degree
shall be given a maximum of four (4) years to obtain the required educational qualification:
Provided, finally, That a waiver for height requirement shall be automatically granted to
applicants belonging to the cultural communities.

Section 16. Selection Criteria Under the Waiver Program. – The selection of applicants under
the Waiver Program shall be subject to the following minimum criteria:

a) Applicants who possess the least disqualification shall take precedence over those who
possess more disqualifications.

b) The requirements shall be waived in the following order: (a) age, (b) height, (c) weight, and
(d) education.

The Commission shall promulgate rules and regulations to address other situations arising from
the waiver of the entry requirements.

Section 17. Nature of Appointment Under a Waiver Program. – Any PNP uniformed personnel
who is admitted due to the waiver of the educational or weight requirements shall be issued a
temporary appointment pending the satisfaction of the requirement waived. Any member who
will fail to satisfy any of the waived requirements within the specified time periods under
Section 13 of this Act shall be dismissed from the service.

Section 18. Re-application of Dismissed PNP Members Under a Waiver Program. – Any PNP
member who shall be dismissed under a waiver program shall be eligible to re-apply for
appointment to the PNP: Provided, That he or she possesses the minimum qualifications under
Section 14 of this Act and his or her reappointment is not by virtue of another waiver program.

Section 19. The Field Training Program. – All uniformed members of the PNP shall undergo a
Field Training Program for twelve (12) months involving actual experience and assignment in
patrol, traffic, and investigation as a requirement for permanency of their appointment.

Section 20. Increased Qualifications for Provincial Directors. – No person may be appointed
Director of a Provincial Police Office unless:

a) he or she holds a master's degree in public administration, sociology, criminology, criminal

justice, law enforcement, national security administration, defense studies, or other related
discipline from a recognized institution of learning; and

b) has satisfactorily passed the required training and career courses necessary for the position as
may be established by the Commission.
Any PNP personnel who is currently occupying the position but lacks any of the qualifications
mentioned above shall be given three (3) years upon the effectivity of this Act to comply with
the requirements; otherwise he or she shall be relieved from the position.

Section 21. Section 32 of Republic Act No. 6975 is hereby amended to read as follows:

"SEC. 32. Examinations of Policemen. – The National Police Commission shall administer the
entrance and promotional examinations for policemen on the basis of the standards set by the
Commission."

Section 22. Section 34 of Republic Act No. 6975 is hereby amended to read as follows:

"SEC. 34. Qualifications of Chief of City and Municipal Police Stations. – No person shall be
appointed chief of a city police station unless he/she is a graduate of Bachelor of Laws or has
finished all the required courses of a master's degree program in public administration,
criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, national security administration, defense studies,
and other related disciplines from a recognized institution of learning. No person shall be
appointed chief of a municipal police station unless he or she has finished at least second year
Bachelor of Laws or has earned at least twelve (12) units in a master's degree program in public
administration, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement, national security administration,
and other related disciplines from a recognized institution of learning: Provided, That members
of the Bar with at least five (5) years of law practice, licensed criminologists or graduates of the
Philippine National Police Academy and who possess the general qualifications for initial
appointment to the PNP shall be qualified for appointment as chief of a city or municipal police
station: Provided, further, That the appointee has successfully passed the required field training
program and has complied with other requirements as may be established by the Commission:
Provided, furthermore, That the chief of police shall be appointed in accordance with the
provisions of Section 51, paragraph (b), subparagraph 4(i) of this Act."

Section 23. Qualifications Upgrading Program. – The Commission shall design and establish a
qualifications upgrading program for the Philippine National Police officers and members in
coordination with the Civil Service Commission, and the Commission on Higher Education
through a distance education program and/or an in-service education program or other similar
programs within ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this Act.

History of PNP

RA 6975- “An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police Under e Reorganized Department
of the Department of the Interior and Local Government and for Other Purposes” ended the
existence of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police. Amended by RA
8551.

PNP- Country’s Police Force

NAPOLCOM- The Agency that Supervise, Administer and Controlled the PNP.

8551- “PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998” Amended by RA 9708.

IAS- Internal Affairs Service, the watchdog of the PNP. It is an organization within the structure
of the PNP.

Organic Act 175- creating insular police force. “An Act providing for the organization of an
insular Constabulary and for the inspection of the Municipal police.

Cesar P. Nazareno – First Police Director General/ PNP Chief.

Raul S. Imperial - Second Police Director General/ PNP Chief.

Umberto R. Rodriguez - Third Police Director General/ PNP Chief, Appointed by President
Fidel V. Ramos.

Kempetai- Japanese police force ruled in the Philippines.

Manila Police Department (MPD) – created during the first American Occupation renamed into
“Metropolitan Constabulary” under the Bureau of Constabulary. By virtue of Act Nr. 183 of the
Philippine Commission.

Insular Police Force – established during the Filipino American War upon recommendation of
the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War.

Insular Constabulary – created by virtue Act. Nr. 175

Capt. George Curry – US Army officer appointed by TAFT COMMISSION and the 1st
CHIEF OF POLICE of MPD.

Capt. Columbus Piatt – the Last American COP of MPD.

October 3, 1901 – Insular constabulary was changed to Philippine Constabulary by virtue of Act
Nr. 225

Brig/Gen. Henry T. Allen – 1st Chief of Philippine Constabulary. Father of PC.

Brig/Gen. Rafael T. Crame – 1st Filipino COP of PC.

Col. Antonio C. Torres – 1st Filipino COP when Manila Police Department became an all
Filipino Organization

Col. Marcus Ellis Jones – a US Provost Marshall who was named MPD COP just after Manila
Liberation.

Col. Lamberto T. Javalera – 1st COP of MPD appointed by Pres. Roxas under the Republic
Government.

RA 4864 – Police Act of 1966, police commission under office of the president of the
Philippines. This law gives birth to NAPOLCOM

RA 6040 – amended certain section of RA 2260 known as the Civil Service Act of 1969.

PD 765 – PC/INP Law. Establishing and constituted the Integrated national police which shall be
composed of PC as the nucleus and the integrated police forces (fire and jail department) as
components.

PD 1184 – The Integrated National Police Personnel Professionalization Act of 1977.

Article XVI Section 6 of the Philippine Constitution – The state shall established and maintain
one police force, which shall be national in scope and civilian in character, to be administer and
controlled by the NAPOLCOM.

RA 541 – Police Pension Law

PD 1184 – Police Professionalization Law of 1977, gives birth to the PNPA.

EO 1040 – transferred the administrative control and supervision on INP from Ministry on
National Defence (MND) to the NAPOLCOM.

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Philippines – Pearl of the Orient, comprises more than 7,100 islands.

1898 – The Spanish-American War ended.

Martial Law – imposed by President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

Pearl Harbor- the Japanese surprise attack in America

Clark field in Pampanga- bombing mission of Japanese in the Philippines.

Hiroshima & Nagasaki – City in Japan wherein the American Air Force drops a Nuclear Bomb.

People Power Movement – 4 day protest in Manila, in EDSA

Ferdinand Magellan – 1st recorded European contact with the Philippine Island.

Cebu – Island of ZUGBO, Humabon in waging a battle against a rival chieftain, Lapu-Lapu of
Mactan. The Capital of the new Spanish colony.

1565 – 1st Spanish settlement in the Philippines was established on cebu by Miguel Lopez de
Legaspi.

Rajah Soliman – controlled an area of Luzon. The NEW Capital of the Spanish colony.

KKK – kataastaasan kagalang galang na katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan, KATIPUNAN,

organized by Andres Bonifacio.

Biac-na-bato – a place that in negotiated truce.

Treaty of Paris – Peace negotiation between spain and the United States.

William Howard Taft – President of United States appointed General MacArthur to rule and
govern the Philippines.

Deep-water harbor – at subic bay, major anchorage for the US naval fleet.

Jones Act – instituted an elected Philippine senate and compromised eventual independence.

Franklin D. Roosevelt – New President of US who supports the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934
stipulated that the Philippines would become an independent republic on July 4, 1946.

HUKBALAHAPS- hukbong ng bayan laban sa hapon

1944 – Osmenia succeeded Quezon, who died in the US.

April 1946- Roxas became the 1st president of the new republic.

April 1948 – Roxas died and was succeeded by Vice President Quirino, who won presidency in
1949.

Luis Taruc – HUKS Leader.

1953- Magsaysay was the clear winner in the presidential election.

March 1957 – Magsaysay died in plane crash and was succeeded by his vice president Carlos
Garcia, and was elected president in his own right in November 1957.

1961 - Diosdado Macapagal win the presidency.

1965 – election gave to presidency to Ferdinand E. Marcos. The 1st president who win a second
term.

September 21, 1972 – President Ferdinand E. Marcos Proclaimed Martial Law by virtue of
Proclamation No. 1081.

EDSA – epifanio de los Santos Avenue

Mendiola Massacre – government security forces opened fire on the protester and killed 20
people.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Criminal – is a person convicted of a crime by a final judgment

Suspect – arrested for the commission of a crime and he is in the law enforcement stage.

Respondent – in the prosecution stage

Accused – in court

Criminal or Convict or Inmate – in correction

Ex-convict – in the community

Crime - is an act or omission punishable by law, forbidding or commanding it.

Felony – crime punishable by Revised Penal Code (RA.3815)

Offense – crime punishable by special penal laws.

Misdemeanor or Violation or Obstruction of Ordinance – crime punishable by municipal or city

ordinances

Justice – is the act of rendering what are due or treating persons equally.

System – is a combination of related elements organized into a complex prevention and control
of crime.

Criminal Justice System – is the machinery which the society uses in prevention and control
crime.

Law Enforcement –First component and pillar of the CJS. They are called the police, conducts
arrest, search seizures, etc. The prime mover or front liner of the CJS. (also BIR) They are the
one who file complaint.

Prosecution – conducts preliminary investigation to determine the existence of probable cause.

The one who file information.

Court – conducts trial to determine whether the accused is guilty or innocent of the charge. The
arbiter of Justice. The “cornerstone” or “centerpiece” of the CJS.

Correction– reforms and rehabilitates the offenders. This is known as the weakest pillar in
CJS.

Community – molds persons from birth and reintegrates offender back to their home. This is the
core of the CJS.

Teodulo Natividad – introduced CJS in the Philippines

1. LAW ENFORCEMENT

Public Relation – is the act of bringing about better understanding , confidence, and acceptance
of an individual or an organization.
Police Community Relation – is defined as the sum total dealings of the police with the people
it serves and whose goodwill and cooperation it craves for to insure the greatest possible
efficiency in the public service.

Police Public Relation – is the continuing process by which endeavors are made to obtain the
goodwill and cooperation of the public for the effective enforcement of the law and the
accomplishment of police purpose.

Human Relation – consists of fundamental precepts, both moral and legal which governs the
relationship among men in all aspects of life.

Crime – Desire + Opportunity (to commit a crime) over Resistance (not to commit a crime)

Arrest – is the taking of a person into custody in order that he may bound to answer for the
commission of an offense.

Warrant of Arrest – is an order in writing issued in the name of People of the Philippines,
signed by the judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to arrest a person or
persons stated therein and deliver them before the court.

Inflagrante Delicto – caught in the act of committing a crime

Search Warrant - is an order in writing issued in the name of People of the Philippines, signed
by the judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for personal property
described therein and deliver them before the court.

Custodial Investigation – is any questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person
has been taken into custody of otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant
way.

Miranda Rights – Miranda vs. Arizona, Constitutional Rights of persons under investigation for
the commission of an offense.

Doctrine of the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree – any evidence illegally obtained is not admissible
in any proceeding.

Confession – direct acknowledgement of guilt.

Admission - indirect acknowledgement of guilt.

RA 7438 – An Act Defining certain rights of person arrested, detained, or under custodial
investigation as well as the duties of the arresting, detaining and investigating officers, and
providing penalties for violation thereof.

2. PROSECUTION

Inquest Proceeding - is a proceeding done by the inquest prosecutor to determine the validity of
a warrantless arrest.

Preliminary Investigation – is an inquiry held for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not
probable cause is present.

Probable Cause – is the existence of sufficient ground to engender well founded belief that a
crime has been committed and the respondent is probably guilty thereof.

RA 9344 – Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of 2006.

Complaint – is a sworn written statement charging a person with an offense, subscribed by the
offended party, any peace officer, or other public officer charged with the enforcement of the law
violated.

Information – is an accusation in writing charging a person with an offense, subscribed by the

prosecutor and filed in court.

3. COURT

Judge – is an officer so named in his commission who presides in some court; a public officer,
appointed to preside to and administer the law in a court of justice.

Jurisdiction – is the power and authority to hear, try, and decide a case.

Certification Against Forum Shopping – the complainant, plaintiff, or principal party shall
certify under oath in his complaint or other initiatory pleading asserting a claim of relief.

Arraignment – is made in an open court by the judge or clerk furnishing the accused of the copy
of the complaint of information, reading the same in a language or dialect known to him, and
asking him whether he pleads guilty or not guilty.

Bail – is a security given for the release of a person in custody of the law, furnish by him or a
bondsman, to guarantee his appearance before any court as required under the conditions
specified by law.

Recognizance – is the release of the defendant on the custody of a responsible member of the
community who shall guarantee his appearance whenever required by the court.

Proof beyond Reasonable Doubt – is the degree of proof which produces conviction in an
unprejudiced mind.

Preponderance of Evidence – means that the testimony adduced by one side is more credible
and conclusive that the other.

Substantial Evidence – is the relevant evidence which the reasonable mind might accepts as
adequate to support a conclusion.

Quash – literally to put stop. It is the act of formally declaring that the law or a court’s verdict is
invalid.

Trial – is the examination before a competent tribunal, according to the laws of the land, of the
facts and issue of the case, for the purpose of determining such issue.

Alibi – is an averment that the person was at another place for such a period of time that it was
impossible for him to have been at the place where the act was committed at the time of its
commission.

Judgment – is adjudication by the court that the accused is guilty or not guilty of the offense
charged and the imposition of him of the proper penalty and civil liability, if any.

Appeal – is a resort to a superior court to review the decision of an inferior court or

administrative agency.

4. CORRECTION
Prisoners – are those convicted by final judgment.

Detainees – are those undergoing investigation/trial, or awaiting trial/sentence.

Department of Justice – it holds the Bureau of Prisons

Old Bilibid Prison – at present Manila City Jail.

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) – administer at the city and municipal jails. It
is under the (DILG) Department of Interior and Local Government.

Provincial Jail – administer by Provincial Government

Prisons – administered by (BuCor) Bureau of Correction, deprived of their liberty for more than
3 years.

Jails – are housing persons who are deprived of their liberty for not more than 3 years.

Probation – is a disposition under which a defendant, after conviction and sentence, is released
subject to conditions imposed by the court and under the supervision of a probation officer.

Interlocutory Order – is one which does not finally determine a cause of action but only
decides some intervening matter pertaining to the cause.

Pardon – is an executive clemency granted by the President/Chief Executive. Pardoning Power

of the President

Amnesty – is an act of sovereign power granting oblivion or general pardon for a past offense
usually granted in favor of certain classes of persons who have committed crimes of political
character, such as character, such as treason, sedition, and rebellion.

Parole – is the suspension of sentence of a convict after having served the minimum sentence
imposed without granting pardon, prescribing the terms of the suspension.

Commutation – is an act of the President reducing the penalty of a convict.

Reprieve and Suspension – the temporary stay or postponement of sentence.

5. COMMUNITY

Community – is a group of persons living I a particular place.

Home – Cradle of human personality

Marriage – is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in
accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and family life. Is a social union or legal
contract between people that creates kinship.

School – is an institution or place for instruction or education.

Church – is the religious society founded and established by Jesus Christ to receive, preserve,
and propagate His doctrines and ordinances.

Government – is the organization, or agency through which a political unit exercises its
authority, controls and administers public policy, and directs and controls the actions of its
members or subjects.